328:
254:, userspace-level components get to run directly in kernel space for extra performance, supported by baremetal hardware or a hardware virtualisation stack. However, both vkernels and unikernels can be used for similar tasks as well, for example, to self-contain software to a virtualised environment with low overhead. In fact, NetBSD's
269:
in that a jail is only meant for resource isolation, and cannot be used to develop and test new kernel functionality in the userland, because each jail is sharing the same kernel. (DragonFly, however, still has
501:
UML runs the Linux kernel as a userspace process, analogous to DragonFly BSD's virtual kernels … allow for a quick recompile-restart cycle and can be debugged easily with standard gdb.
2435:
1802:
1754:
1075:
250:, kernel components get to run in userspace to ease kernel development and debugging, supported by a regular operating system kernel; whereas with a
1280:
1773:
177:, for example, to ease debugging of various kernel-level components, in addition to general-purpose virtualisation and compartmentalisation of
2456:
258:, originally having a focus of running kernel components in userspace, has since shifted into the unikernel space as well (going after the
1227:
1827:
478:
2573:
2533:
2538:
2110:
1747:
1556:
1527:
2553:
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333:
861:
2548:
1095:
957:
2543:
2489:
2390:
2568:
1740:
1331:
1275:
120:
221:
Similar concepts exist in other operating systems as well; in Linux, a similar virtualisation concept is known as
1250:
1220:
210:
The long-term goal, in addition to easing kernel development, is to make it easier to support internet-connected
2558:
2518:
1443:
1341:
1001:
708:
2523:
2029:
1721:
1270:
1255:
508:
1817:
1316:
1301:
1260:
71:
1855:
1482:
1429:
892:
682:
444:
2352:
1834:
1497:
1336:
1213:
575:
2563:
2254:
2084:
2035:
1532:
1351:
1311:
1306:
1265:
185:
in its vkernel implementation since DragonFly 1.7, having been first revealed in
September 2006
2040:
2020:
1575:
1462:
1326:
101:
2176:
2445:
2385:
2337:
2332:
2129:
1781:
1321:
917:
854:
125:
2528:
2508:
2450:
2415:
2319:
2151:
1709:
1648:
1537:
1517:
1466:
1424:
1090:
1085:
962:
493:
2513:
2025:
1887:
1492:
1458:
1360:
1296:
1178:
949:
278:
285:
circa 2007, can be used as a starting point for porting DragonFly BSD to new architectures.
1689:
1663:
1063:
1048:
989:
570:
2212:
1105:
565:
8:
2365:
2327:
2295:
2181:
1992:
1658:
1610:
1487:
1053:
1006:
743:
470:
2171:
2080:
1987:
1595:
1502:
905:
898:
847:
2485:
2370:
2197:
1947:
1839:
1704:
1653:
1585:
1542:
1383:
833:
215:
2395:
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1236:
1067:
1036:
879:
800:
211:
167:
133:
108:
969:
2380:
2233:
1628:
1590:
1561:
341:
222:
196:, and first released in the stable branch with DragonFly 1.8 in January 2007
178:
52:
2400:
2342:
1875:
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1472:
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1026:
974:
739:
531:
440:
282:
170:
30:
2502:
2156:
2075:
2070:
1623:
1580:
1419:
1373:
1115:
979:
887:
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808:
773:
751:
543:
452:
406:
373:
182:
113:
42:
2440:
2429:
2146:
2115:
2060:
1507:
1173:
1041:
930:
398:
271:
266:
83:
1732:
2375:
2228:
1977:
1937:
1870:
1633:
1615:
1398:
1388:
1378:
1016:
945:
765:
369:
346:
291:
255:
230:
138:
839:
2473:
2300:
2065:
2055:
1880:
1845:
1786:
1166:
1100:
713:
174:
37:
25:
781:"madvise, posix_madvise, mcontrol - give advice about use of memory".
89:
2305:
1897:
1570:
1477:
1403:
1368:
242:
1205:
766:"madvise, posix_madvise, mcontrol — give advice about use of memory"
535:
302:
et al., as well as extensions to several existing system calls like
77:
1699:
1110:
718:
655:
628:
596:
2279:
2259:
1999:
1909:
1812:
1694:
1156:
1031:
994:
660:
633:
601:
290:
DragonFly's vkernel is supported by the host kernel through new
2405:
2264:
2207:
2202:
2166:
2105:
2045:
1972:
1957:
1952:
1902:
1865:
1850:
1807:
1161:
1151:
1146:
1136:
1131:
1021:
925:
690:
656:"DragonFly BSD 2.6: towards a free clustering operating system"
229:
since the summer of 2007, it has been the initial focus of the
226:
782:
2360:
2015:
1967:
1942:
1822:
1643:
1141:
984:
826:
415:
277:
In DragonFly, the vkernel can be thought of as a first-class
149:
2274:
2050:
1982:
1962:
1914:
1080:
1011:
471:"Answers from Matt Dillon about DragonFly's virtual kernel"
304:
2161:
1892:
1860:
1679:
173:
paradigm where kernel code can be compiled to run in the
445:"Cache coherency, clustering, and Kernel virtualization"
414:"vkernel, vcd, vkd, vke - virtual kernel architecture".
399:"vkernel, vcd, vkd, vke — virtual kernel architecture"
626:
594:
323:
695:Introduce RUMPs - Runnable Userspace Meta-Programs
629:"A peek at the DragonFly Virtual Kernel (part 2)"
597:"A peek at the DragonFly Virtual Kernel (part 1)"
281:, comparable to i386 or amd64, and, according to
2500:
793:
700:
653:
559:
557:
555:
553:
294:that help manage virtual memory address space (
1774:Comparison of platform virtualization software
738:
706:
563:
530:
468:
439:
396:
1748:
1221:
855:
622:
620:
618:
2457:Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation
680:
550:
506:
491:
435:
433:
431:
429:
240:concept is nearly the exact opposite of the
1762:
392:
390:
364:
362:
1755:
1741:
1228:
1214:
862:
848:
758:
615:
588:
464:
462:
403:DragonFly Miscellaneous Information Manual
869:
509:"Porting the HAMMER File System to Linux"
494:"Porting the HAMMER File System to Linux"
426:
744:"vm/vm_vmspace.c § sys_vmspace_create()"
732:
647:
524:
485:
387:
359:
265:The vkernel concept is different from a
262:moniker for supporting both paradigms).
459:
2501:
2111:System Center Virtual Machine Manager
1736:
1235:
1209:
843:
674:
2424:Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet
627:Aggelos Economopoulos (2010-04-16).
595:Aggelos Economopoulos (2010-03-29).
334:Free and open-source software portal
566:"DragonFly BSD: UNIX for Clusters?"
370:"Release Notes for DragonFly 1.8.0"
13:
1835:LDoms / Oracle VM Server for SPARC
469:Jeremy C. Reed, ed. (2007-02-10).
14:
2585:
2490:List of computer system emulators
2391:Symantec Workspace Virtualization
819:
1332:Object-oriented operating system
481:from the original on 2007-02-24.
326:
2574:Software using the BSD license
1342:Supercomputer operating system
784:DragonFly On-Line Manual Pages
654:Koen Vervloesem (2010-04-21).
507:Daniel Lorch (June 10, 2009).
417:DragonFly On-Line Manual Pages
128:, virtualised userspace kernel
1:
2534:Free software programmed in C
834:The DragonFly virtual kernels
770:DragonFly System Calls Manual
707:Jeremy Andrews (2007-08-06).
564:David Chisnall (2007-06-15).
397:Sascha Wildner (2007-01-08).
352:
2539:Free virtualization software
2222:Virtual kernel architectures
1317:Just enough operating system
1302:Distributed operating system
7:
2554:Operating system technology
1430:User space and kernel space
893:Light Weight Kernel Threads
709:"Interview: Matthew Dillon"
681:Antti Kantee (2007-08-05).
492:Daniel Lorch (2009-06-10).
319:
214:without compromising local
160:virtual kernel architecture
10:
2590:
1337:Real-time operating system
683:"CVS commit: src/sys/rump"
576:Prentice Hall Professional
2549:Operating system security
2482:
2466:
2414:
2351:
2318:
2288:
2247:
2221:
2190:
2139:
2128:
2098:
2036:Parallels Desktop for Mac
2008:
1930:
1923:
1795:
1780:
1771:
1672:
1609:
1555:
1533:Multilevel feedback queue
1528:Fixed-priority preemptive
1516:
1451:
1442:
1412:
1359:
1350:
1312:Hobbyist operating system
1307:Embedded operating system
1289:
1243:
1187:
1124:
1062:
944:
916:
878:
144:
132:
119:
107:
97:
70:
48:
36:
24:
2544:Operating system kernels
2041:Parallels Server for Mac
2021:Microsoft Virtual Server
1576:General protection fault
1327:Network operating system
1281:User features comparison
198: (17 years ago)
187: (18 years ago)
53:DragonFly BSD § 1.8
2569:Virtualization software
2446:Virtual security switch
2386:Remote Desktop Services
2338:Remote Desktop Services
2333:Citrix Virtual Desktops
2248:Related kernel features
1322:Mobile operating system
918:OS-level virtualisation
126:OS-level virtualisation
16:OS-level virtualisation
2451:Virtual Extensible LAN
2191:Application containers
2152:iCore Virtual Accounts
1425:Loadable kernel module
801:"kern/syscalls.master"
57:; 17 years ago
2559:System administration
2519:Computer architecture
2026:Parallels Workstation
1888:VMware Infrastructure
1493:Process control block
1459:Computer multitasking
1297:Disk operating system
279:computer architecture
55:(30 January 2007
2524:Computer performance
1664:Virtual tape library
1256:Forensic engineering
84:dev/virtual/vkernel/
2366:Citrix Virtual Apps
2328:Citrix Virtual Apps
2182:Workload Partitions
1993:Virtual DOS machine
1673:Supporting concepts
1659:Virtual file system
827:vkernel(7) man-page
805:BSD Cross Reference
748:BSD Cross Reference
540:BSD Cross Reference
477:. Reed Media .net.
475:BSD Newsletter .com
21:
2172:Solaris Containers
2081:VMware Workstation
1988:Windows on Windows
1596:Segmentation fault
1444:Process management
906:Kernel Normal Form
899:serializing tokens
274:support as well.)
26:Original author(s)
19:
2496:
2495:
2486:List of emulators
2314:
2313:
2124:
2123:
2094:
2093:
1948:Cooperative Linux
1840:Logical partition
1730:
1729:
1586:Memory protection
1557:Memory management
1551:
1550:
1543:Shortest job next
1438:
1437:
1237:Operating systems
1203:
1202:
212:computer clusters
156:
155:
2581:
2564:Virtual machines
2162:Linux Containers
2137:
2136:
1928:
1927:
1793:
1792:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1685:Computer network
1449:
1448:
1357:
1356:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1207:
1206:
880:Operating system
864:
857:
850:
841:
840:
836:
829:
813:
812:
797:
791:
788:
777:
762:
756:
755:
736:
730:
729:
727:
726:
717:. Archived from
704:
698:
697:
689:(Mailing list).
678:
672:
671:
669:
668:
651:
645:
644:
642:
641:
624:
613:
612:
610:
609:
592:
586:
585:
583:
582:
561:
548:
547:
528:
522:
519:
513:
503:
498:
489:
483:
482:
466:
457:
456:
451:(Mailing list).
437:
424:
421:
410:
394:
385:
384:
382:
381:
366:
336:
331:
330:
329:
315:
311:
307:
301:
300:vmspace_create()
233:infrastructure.
206:
204:
199:
195:
193:
188:
181:. It is used by
179:system resources
168:operating system
152:
109:Operating system
92:
86:
80:
65:
63:
58:
22:
18:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2478:
2462:
2410:
2381:Microsoft App-V
2347:
2310:
2284:
2243:
2234:User-mode Linux
2217:
2186:
2131:
2120:
2090:
2004:
1919:
1784:
1776:
1767:
1761:
1731:
1726:
1668:
1629:Defragmentation
1614:
1605:
1591:Protection ring
1560:
1547:
1519:
1512:
1434:
1408:
1346:
1285:
1239:
1234:
1204:
1199:
1183:
1120:
1058:
940:
912:
874:
868:
832:
825:
822:
817:
816:
799:
798:
794:
780:
764:
763:
759:
737:
733:
724:
722:
705:
701:
687:source-changes@
679:
675:
666:
664:
652:
648:
639:
637:
625:
616:
607:
605:
593:
589:
580:
578:
562:
551:
536:"sys/vkernel.h"
529:
525:
511:
496:
490:
486:
467:
460:
438:
427:
413:
395:
388:
379:
377:
368:
367:
360:
355:
342:user-mode Linux
332:
327:
325:
322:
313:
309:
303:
299:
246:concept — with
223:user-mode Linux
202:
200:
197:
191:
189:
186:
148:
90:vm/vm_vmspace.c
88:
82:
76:
61:
59:
56:
49:Initial release
17:
12:
11:
5:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2494:
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2476:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2401:VMware ThinApp
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2343:VMware Horizon
2340:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
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2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
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2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1876:VMware vSphere
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1790:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:Virtualization
1760:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1715:User interface
1712:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1639:File attribute
1636:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1601:Virtual memory
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1473:Context switch
1470:
1455:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1210:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1195:Matthew Dillon
1191:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1076:802.11 drivers
1072:
1070:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
998:
997:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
966:
965:
954:
952:
942:
941:
939:
938:
933:
928:
922:
920:
914:
913:
911:
910:
909:
908:
903:
902:
901:
884:
882:
876:
875:
867:
866:
859:
852:
844:
838:
837:
830:
821:
820:External links
818:
815:
814:
792:
790:
789:
757:
740:Matthew Dillon
731:
699:
673:
646:
614:
587:
549:
532:Matthew Dillon
523:
521:
520:
484:
458:
443:(2006-09-02).
441:Matthew Dillon
425:
423:
422:
386:
357:
356:
354:
351:
350:
349:
344:
338:
337:
321:
318:
283:Matthew Dillon
238:virtual kernel
171:virtualisation
154:
153:
146:
142:
141:
136:
130:
129:
123:
117:
116:
111:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
74:
68:
67:
50:
46:
45:
40:
34:
33:
31:Matthew Dillon
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2586:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:DragonFly BSD
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:2006 software
2507:
2506:
2504:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
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2289:Orchestration
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2157:Linux-VServer
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2140:OS containers
2138:
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2101:
2097:
2086:
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2079:
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2076:VMware Server
2074:
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2071:VMware Fusion
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2019:
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1581:Memory paging
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1420:Device driver
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1361:Architectures
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1055:
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1047:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
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1018:
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1008:
1005:
1003:
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986:
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923:
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919:
915:
907:
904:
900:
896:
895:
894:
891:
890:
889:
888:DragonFly BSD
886:
885:
883:
881:
877:
872:
871:DragonFly BSD
865:
860:
858:
853:
851:
846:
845:
842:
835:
831:
828:
824:
823:
810:
809:DragonFly BSD
806:
802:
796:
786:
785:
779:
778:
775:
774:DragonFly BSD
771:
767:
761:
753:
752:DragonFly BSD
749:
745:
741:
735:
721:on 2012-02-07
720:
716:
715:
710:
703:
696:
692:
688:
684:
677:
663:
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650:
636:
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623:
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619:
604:
603:
598:
591:
577:
573:
572:
567:
560:
558:
556:
554:
545:
544:DragonFly BSD
541:
537:
533:
527:
517:
510:
505:
504:
502:
495:
488:
480:
476:
472:
465:
463:
454:
453:DragonFly BSD
450:
446:
442:
436:
434:
432:
430:
419:
418:
412:
411:
408:
407:DragonFly BSD
404:
400:
393:
391:
375:
374:DragonFly BSD
371:
365:
363:
358:
348:
345:
343:
340:
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335:
324:
317:
306:
297:
293:
288:
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284:
280:
275:
273:
268:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:
239:
234:
232:
228:
225:; whereas in
224:
219:
217:
213:
208:
184:
183:DragonFly BSD
180:
176:
172:
169:
165:
161:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
135:
131:
127:
124:
122:
118:
115:
114:DragonFly BSD
112:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
91:
85:
79:
78:sys/vkernel.h
75:
73:
69:
54:
51:
47:
44:
43:DragonFly BSD
41:
39:
35:
32:
29:
27:
23:
2514:BSD software
2441:Open vSwitch
2430:Ethernet VPN
2238:
2147:FreeBSD jail
2116:Virt-manager
2061:Virtual Iron
1616:file systems
1508:Time-sharing
1393:
1042:soft updates
946:File systems
935:
804:
795:
783:
769:
760:
747:
734:
723:. Retrieved
719:the original
712:
702:
694:
686:
676:
665:. Retrieved
659:
649:
638:. Retrieved
632:
606:. Retrieved
600:
590:
579:. Retrieved
569:
539:
526:
515:
500:
487:
474:
448:
416:
402:
378:. Retrieved
376:. 2007-01-30
295:
292:system calls
289:
287:
276:
272:FreeBSD jail
267:FreeBSD jail
264:
259:
251:
247:
241:
237:
235:
220:
209:
163:
159:
157:
38:Developer(s)
2376:InstallFree
2353:Application
2229:Rump kernel
2009:Independent
1978:SheepShaver
1938:Basilisk II
1931:Specialized
1871:VMware ESXi
1787:hypervisors
1634:Device file
1624:Boot loader
1538:Round-robin
1463:Cooperative
1399:Rump kernel
1389:Multikernel
1379:Microkernel
1276:Usage share
347:rump kernel
256:rump kernel
231:rump kernel
139:BSD Licence
2503:Categories
2484:See also:
2474:BlueStacks
2301:Kubernetes
2296:Amazon ECS
2270:namespaces
2066:Virtual PC
2056:VirtualBox
1856:Proxmox VE
1846:LynxSecure
1564:protection
1520:algorithms
1518:Scheduling
1467:Preemptive
1413:Components
1384:Monolithic
1251:Comparison
1167:hw.sensors
1125:Subsystems
1068:networking
725:2019-03-03
714:KernelTrap
667:2019-03-07
640:2019-04-08
608:2019-04-08
581:2019-03-06
380:2019-04-08
353:References
175:user space
150:vkernel(7)
98:Written in
72:Repository
62:2007-01-30
2306:OpenShift
2177:Virtuozzo
2130:Operating
1898:XenServer
1654:Partition
1571:Bus error
1498:Real-time
1478:Interrupt
1404:Unikernel
1369:Exokernel
1086:Bluetooth
1064:Firewalls
980:disklabel
260:anykernel
252:unikernel
243:unikernel
2467:See also
2459:(GENEVE)
1828:KubeVirt
1782:Hardware
1766:software
1700:Live USB
1562:resource
1452:Concepts
1290:Variants
1271:Timeline
1111:netgraph
742:(2006).
571:InformIT
534:(2006).
479:Archived
320:See also
314:mcontrol
216:security
166:) is an
2453:(VXLAN)
2416:Network
2320:Desktop
2280:seccomp
2260:cgroups
2239:vkernel
2030:Extreme
2000:Win4Lin
1910:XtratuM
1813:Hyper-V
1695:Live CD
1649:Journal
1613:access,
1611:Storage
1488:Process
1394:vkernel
1261:History
1244:General
1157:OpenPAM
995:HAMMER2
950:storage
936:vkernel
873:Project
661:LWN.net
634:LWN.net
602:LWN.net
449:kernel@
310:madvise
296:vmspace
248:vkernel
203:2007-01
201: (
192:2006-09
190: (
164:vkernel
145:Website
134:Licence
60: (
20:vkernel
2432:(EVPN)
2426:(DOVE)
2406:ZeroVM
2371:Dalvik
2265:chroot
2255:BrandZ
2208:lmctfy
2203:Podman
2198:Docker
2167:OpenVZ
2132:system
2106:Ganeti
2085:Player
2046:PearPC
1973:PikeOS
1958:DOSEMU
1953:DOSBox
1924:Hosted
1903:XCP-ng
1881:vCloud
1866:SIMMON
1851:PikeOS
1842:(LPAR)
1808:CP/CMS
1796:Native
1503:Thread
1374:Hybrid
1352:Kernel
1188:People
1174:systat
1162:sysctl
1152:moused
1147:kqueue
1137:DPorts
1132:busdma
1022:procfs
990:HAMMER
970:autofs
926:chroot
691:NetBSD
516:github
227:NetBSD
2436:NVGRE
2396:Turbo
2361:Ceedo
2099:Tools
2016:bhyve
1968:86Box
1943:Bochs
1823:oVirt
1803:Adeos
1705:Shell
1644:Inode
1179:SMBus
1142:ioctl
1049:Vinum
1032:tmpfs
1027:PUFFS
985:fdisk
975:devfs
897:LWKT
512:(PDF)
497:(PDF)
2275:eBPF
2051:QEMU
1983:SIMH
1963:PCem
1915:z/VM
1266:List
1106:NDIS
1101:ipfw
1096:CARP
1081:ALTQ
1017:NVMe
1012:NTFS
1002:LVM2
958:AHCI
931:jail
305:mmap
298:) —
236:The
121:Type
2213:rkt
1893:Xen
1861:QNX
1818:KVM
1722:PXE
1710:CLI
1690:HAL
1680:API
1483:IPC
1091:BPF
1054:VFS
1037:UFS
1007:NFS
963:NCQ
308:'s
93:, …
2505::
2488:,
1465:,
1116:PF
1066:,
948:,
807:.
803:.
772:.
768:.
750:.
746:.
711:.
693:.
685:.
658:.
631:.
617:^
599:.
574:.
568:.
552:^
542:.
538:.
514:.
499:.
473:.
461:^
447:.
428:^
405:.
401:.
389:^
372:.
361:^
316:.
312:—
218:.
207:.
158:A
87:,
81:,
2087:)
2083:(
2032:)
2028:(
1789:)
1785:(
1756:e
1749:t
1742:v
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1461:(
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849:v
811:.
787:.
776:.
754:.
728:.
670:.
643:.
611:.
584:.
546:.
518:.
455:.
420:.
409:.
383:.
205:)
194:)
162:(
102:C
66:)
64:)
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