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582:: Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), Deer (Cervus elaphus), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Weasel (Mustela nivalis), Stone marten (Martes foina), Wildcat (Felis silvestris), Dormouse (Glis glis), Porcupine (Hystrix cristata), Hare (Lepus europaeus), Wolf (Canis lupus italicus), Marten (Martes martes), Dormouse (Eledone moschata), Common noctule (Nyctalus noctula), Dwarf bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus), Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), Squirrel (Sciurus meridionalis), Talpa (Talpa europaea), Badger (Meles meles), Shrew (Sorex araneus), House mouse (Mus musculus), Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
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in 1018 when the Counts of
Venafro, perhaps for the last time, took the lands of Viticuso from Montecassino within their jurisdiction. They then strengthened the settlement and erected the Acquafondata castle. Only the intervention of knights sent by the abbot repelled the Venafrans back to their domains. This notation suggests that by 1018, the inhabited core of Viticuso was sufficiently consolidated, to the extent that fortifying it as an outpost of the county was deemed necessary, unlike Acquafondata, where the castle was only built on that occasion.
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centers of Atina and
Aquilonia. This geographical position has shaped its pastoral tradition, which is closely tied to the paths of transhumance initially traced by livestock in search of rich pastures. These routes were later utilized by the local populations as connecting routes and eventually regulated by usage rights during the medieval and modern ages.
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of the route connecting the Valle del
Volturno to the prosperous Roman city of Atina, Viticuso occupies an equally significant path that comfortably linked the Campanian and Molisan settlements with the Valle Latina, the Cassino Abbey, and the strategically important coastal harbors along the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Garigliano River.
576:), present in southern Italy, is a "close relative" of the common European squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) found throughout the rest of Italy except for Sicily and Sardinia. This new species has a distinctive black coloration with a white belly, unlike the common European squirrel, which can vary from red-orange to dark brown.
450:. This is evident in the local place names and the medieval remains of the historic center, which have a distinct Norman character. The main gate of the castle, facing Molise, and the corresponding "access" towards Cassino can still be identified. The castle was built by the Counts of Venafro in the 11th century within the
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A notable mammal among the inhabitants is the southern squirrel, which was discovered in 2017 as a new species. Thanks to an in-depth genetic, morphological, and ecological study, a team of
Italian researchers, coordinated by the University of Insubria, found that the squirrel populations in southern
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The society primarily based on pastoral resources struggles under the burden of tithes owed to the abbey, and for centuries, the sources do not provide significant elements that shed light on the development of the village. Nevertheless, the convenient accessibility to major urban centers facilitated
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During those centuries, Viticuso served as the frontier between the possessions of
Montecassino, the Abbey of San Vincenzo al Volturno, and the emerging County of Venafro. These were centers of political conflicts that marked the history of the second half of the first millennium. Situated just south
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From that moment onwards, Viticuso loses its role as a frontier castle and shares the common fate of the inland areas, where pastoral tradition marks the rhythm of time, interrupted by catastrophic events such as earthquakes. Particularly significant were the earthquakes in the mid-14th century that
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The flora of
Viticuso is exceptionally rich in diversity, boasting nearly 2000 species of higher plants, excluding mosses, lichens, and fungi. The beech forest can be considered the jewel of the country's woods, but in meadows and grassy areas, one can find numerous species of wild orchids, ranging
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Depending on the varying power held by the two abbacies, Montecassino and San
Vincenzo al Volturno, Viticuso was alternately assigned to one or the other of the contenders. However, in the mid-10th century, Viticuso began to take on the characteristics of a castrum. A fortified nucleus is mentioned
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Viticuso owes its existence to its strategic location at the border between important lands and connections, between the Valle Latina and the Valle del
Volturno, on which it overlooks. It is situated on the northwestern fringes of the Sannite population's influence area, not far from the Sannite
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The
Cassino Abbey proudly asserts its possession of Viticuso when Abbot Desiderius, who held the title of Pope Victor III, consolidates the role of the Abbey in the context of its relations with the Norman principality of Capua. The name of the Castrum, along with the Abbey's other holdings, is
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It was probably through its lands that the
Saracens made their first unsuccessful assault on the Cassino Abbey in 866, which was later destroyed in 883. Two years prior, San Vincenzo al Volturno had also been destroyed. The saddle that separates the lake site of Viticuso from the Lazio side of
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Aquilon allows for a view all the way to the sea through the Suio gorge, which was the route taken by Saracen incursions that culminated in the Battle of Garigliano, likely fought at the foot of the settlement of Sant'Apollinare and marked the end of the Arab attempt to conquer the peninsula.
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The gradual loss of profitability in pastoralism, as the predominant activity, has led to a slow but steady abandonment of the village, which today stands out for the richness of its landscapes and its history, making it particularly suited for leisure activities.
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During the years that witnessed the birth of the Kingdom of Italy, the presence of wooded areas and a dense network of trails facilitated the phenomenon of brigandage, which found a perfect environment in Viticuso to unfold some highly intense episodes.
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During the course of the Second World War, once again, Viticuso's location along the path of the defensive line known as the Gustav Line resulted in partial destruction, causing significant damage to its architectural and historical artistic heritage.
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The toponym referring to a small-sized settlement administered by a free man first appears in its modern sense in a document in which Gisulf, the Lombard Duke of Benevento, grants the lands of Acquafondata and Viticuso to the Abbey of Montecassino.
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of Viticuso showcases examples of exceptional value, featuring species of particular rarity and a wide variety of animals: 21 species of mammals identified, 65 of birds, 21 of reptiles and amphibians, and thousands of insect species.
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the presence of prominent figures in terms of culture, who maintained regular relationships with the clergy of nearby dioceses. This is evidenced by interesting inscriptions that are still preserved within the main church.
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Subsequently, the progressive impoverishment of the inland areas is only partially mitigated by the construction of sections of intermunicipal roadways undertaken by the new kingdom in the early twentieth century.
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The town is situated at approximately 860 meters above sea level and is surrounded by small peaks that rise to about 1260 meters above sea level within the municipal territory, forming a sort of antechamber to the
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In addition to the culture and agro-pastoral traditions (from the Pentri to brigandage, passing through the Lombards of the medieval era), Viticuso is connected to the world of
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destroyed the Montecassino Abbey, and another one a century later that caused severe damage throughout the territory, likely impacting parts of the actual Castle itself.
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until the unification of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. In 1927, along with the other municipalities in the area, it became part of the new
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Italy belong to a distinct species rather than a subspecies, as previously believed. The southern squirrel (scientific name
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During World War II, the village was occupied by German soldiers who controlled the Gustav Line on the Cassino front.
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389:and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of
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94:Location of Viticuso in Italy
1183:. You can help Knowledge by
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468:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
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1033:Sant'Andrea del Garigliano
918:Monte San Giovanni Campano
646:Official touristic website
226:858 m (2,815 ft)
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958:Piedimonte San Germano
452:Terra di San Benedetto
373:(municipality) in the
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16:Comune in Lazio, Italy
1240:Lazio geography stubs
1043:Sant'Elia Fiumerapido
1023:San Vittore del Lazio
1018:San Giovanni Incarico
692:Province of Frosinone
472:province of Frosinone
414:San Vittore del Lazio
375:Province of Frosinone
280: • Summer (
247:16/km (41/sq mi)
574:Sciurus meridionalis
244: • Density
61:Location of Viticuso
1148:Villa Santo Stefano
968:Pignataro Interamna
580:Mammals in Viticuso
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1013:San Giorgio a Liri
803:Castelnuovo Parano
236: • Total
215: • Total
42:Comune di Viticuso
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1143:Villa Santa Lucia
808:Castro dei Volsci
778:Campoli Appennino
763:Belmonte Castello
463:Kingdom of Naples
457:Kingdom of Sicily
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311:Dialing code
159:41.533°N 13.967°E
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943:Pescosolido
883:Fontechiari
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783:Casalattico
431:During the
344:2 September
300:Postal code
162: /
1224:Categories
1108:Vallecorsa
1058:Settefrati
1048:Santopadre
998:Roccasecca
978:Pontecorvo
858:Falvaterra
843:Collepardo
798:Castelliri
788:Casalvieri
589:References
257:Viticusani
231:Population
1113:Vallemaio
948:Picinisco
898:Gallinaro
888:Frosinone
868:Filettino
863:Ferentino
833:Colfelice
565:The fauna
538:Edinburgh
445:Abbey of
391:Frosinone
341:Saint day
263:Time zone
223:Elevation
203:Frosinone
1153:Viticuso
1063:Sgurgola
908:Guarcino
609:16 March
441:Samnites
426:Mainarde
410:Pozzilli
365:Viticuso
336:Antonino
198:Province
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88:Viticuso
23:Viticuso
1128:Vicalvi
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723:Amaseno
690:of the
684:·
559:oregano
530:Pop Art
402:Cervaro
381:region
379:Italian
377:in the
349:Website
327:060091
253:Demonym
175:Country
150:13°58′E
147:41°32′N
1123:Veroli
1078:Supino
963:Piglio
923:Morolo
893:Fumone
873:Fiuggi
748:Arpino
743:Arnara
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728:Anagni
718:Alvito
713:Alatri
687:Comuni
544:Nature
460:, the
437:Pentri
370:comune
186:Region
33:Comune
753:Atina
708:Acuto
682:Lazio
625:Istat
383:Lazio
367:is a
321:ISTAT
304:03040
289:UTC+2
268:UTC+1
191:Lazio
179:Italy
1181:stub
1068:Sora
988:Ripi
973:Pofi
953:Pico
738:Arce
611:2019
387:Rome
323:code
315:0776
293:CEST
210:Area
205:(FR)
282:DST
272:CET
239:331
1226::
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393:.
1212:e
1205:t
1198:v
1187:.
674:e
667:t
660:v
627:.
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295:)
291:(
284:)
274:)
270:(
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