143:
47:
129:
902:
4603:
183:
1132:
1053:, was brought up to try to slow the Soviet advance north of Orsha. By midnight, however, the 11th Guards Army had shattered the remnant of VI Corps in the 'Hessen' line, and the 78th Sturm Division's situation was becoming untenable: 26 June saw the German forces in retreat. Soviet tank forces of the
933:
By 27 June LIII Corps had been dispersed, its 30,000 men being almost all killed or taken prisoner; a group of several thousand from the 4th
Luftwaffe Field Division initially managed to break out, but was liquidated in the forests west of Vitebsk. The remnants of IX Corps were retreating to the
1040:
was able to break through the German lines in a marshy, thinly-held area to the north of the 78th Sturm
Division, which was ordered back to the 'Hessen' line, the third defence zone. It was now struggling to maintain contact with the 25th Panzergrenadier Division to the south. Chernyakhovsky,
926:'s commander, Reinhardt, was only able to get this decision reversed by insisting on being parachuted in himself if Hitler continued to order it. By the evening Soviet forces were fighting their way into the city and Gollwitzer finally ordered the garrison to withdraw too, in defiance of the
844:
of four divisions, was already serious, as Soviet forces were clearly intending to encircle the city, but no reserves were available to shore up the collapsing defences, and requests to withdraw German troops to the second defense lines, the 'Tiger' line, were denied by the
1048:
Völckers's position was further threatened by the near-collapse of the Third Panzer Army's VI Corps, immediately to the north. At 11:20 on 25 June the VI Corps, which had been cut off from its parent formation, was reassigned to Fourth Army. Part of its reserve, the
1041:
encouraged by the 1st Guards Rifle
Division's progress, pushed a mixed cavalry / mechanised exploitation force into the breach in the German lines. On 25 June, the German defences began to rupture; a counter-attack at
913:
Soviet plans in this sector met with overwhelming success. The 4th
Luftwaffe Field Division was cut off and destroyed by the 39th Army on the evening of 25 June, and by the next day the 246th Infantry and
1186:
The Soviet record, given in Glantz, p.85, states that this group was first intercepted by the 179th Rifle
Division at Lake Sarro on 26 June, and was eventually destroyed near Iakubovschina on 27 June.
1111:
Heavy damage was inflicted on German forces, with the LIII Corps of Third Panzer Army being almost eliminated and other corps suffering high levels of casualties and loss of equipment.
319:
1026:
holding the lines to the south. As a result of the strong defenses in this sector, Soviet plans included the commitment of heavily armed engineer units to assist in a breakthrough.
4659:
4664:
3174:
2919:
2527:
4525:
2543:
329:
275:
2863:
2466:
2438:
1582:
1010:, would form the northern 'pincer' of the encirclement aimed at destroying Fourth Army. The Minsk road was protected by extensive defensive works manned by the
4504:
3183:
2870:
2004:
906:
3486:
2849:
2158:
1783:
324:
309:
1077:, was killed on 28 June after losing contact with his divisions. Völckers was ordered to hold fast, but lacked the necessary resources despite shifting his
2499:
2445:
1631:
2956:
2452:
2068:
1478:
349:
344:
2842:
2289:
2165:
2142:
1522:
2579:
1891:
2398:
1700:
4397:
1061:
at speed, with a subsidiary force breaking off to encircle Orsha, which was liberated on the evening of 26 June. The main exploitation force,
3190:
3153:
3130:
2651:
1573:
1543:
268:
2905:
1069:, was then committed through the gap torn in the German lines. VI Corps finally crumbled completely, its rear elements falling back towards
950:
liberated: even more significantly, a huge gap had been torn in the German lines to the north of Fourth Army in the former VI Corps sector.
922:
insisted that a staff officer be parachuted into
Vitebsk to remind Gollwitzer that the trapped 206th Infantry Division should not withdraw;
3283:
3139:
3123:
3095:
2343:
1550:
4644:
4040:
3107:
3019:
2963:
2926:
2208:
3012:
1744:
862:, blowing the bridges during its retreat. In the south much of the VI Corps had been annihilated, and its southernmost divisions (the
4518:
3146:
1536:
1494:
4367:
2186:
1960:
1723:
1589:
1400:
261:
832:
Infantry
Divisions were overrun and consumed by an overwhelming Soviet assault, with a particularly effective breakthrough by the
3262:
3059:
2096:
1596:
1508:
1444:
1023:
887:
470:
Commit motorised / cavalry exploitation forces through the gap opened once the highway had been cleared, opening the way for the
17:
1133:"Vitebsk : The Fight and Destruction of the 3rd Panzer Army" by Otto Heidkamper and Linden Lyons, Casemate Publishers, 2017
76:
3465:
2977:
1827:
1365:
4061:
3966:
3493:
3239:
3114:
2200:
2174:
2031:
1737:
1654:
627:– fortified towns to be held at all costs – under the command of Gollwitzer (Vitebsk) and General Traut of the XXVII Corps's
4294:
3701:
3587:
2752:
2219:
2215:
2193:
1797:
1114:
The breakthrough of exploitation forces at Orsha, in combination with a similar breakthrough in the south in the parallel
4209:
3673:
3005:
2991:
2204:
1078:
915:
883:
867:
863:
837:
829:
825:
188:
4418:
4287:
4165:
3743:
3458:
3409:
3167:
2722:
1974:
1813:
1661:
1515:
1011:
4534:
3416:
3388:
3205:
2787:
2506:
2473:
1334:
1311:
1292:
1266:
1244:
762:
1689:
4571:
3729:
3666:
2801:
2637:
1760:
2314:
4095:
3936:
3925:
3761:
3520:
3479:
3372:
3310:
2697:
1967:
1836:
1804:
2484:
2052:
424:. A Soviet breakthrough during the offensive helped achieve the encirclement of German troops in the subsequent
4481:
4453:
4331:
4124:
3361:
2812:
2738:
2534:
1905:
1624:
1529:
1414:
1082:
939:
895:
874:, where they attempted to make a final stand in the 'Hessen' line, the third defence zone. The Soviet 43rd and
666:
609:
512:
tanks of the 116th
Separate Engineering Tank Regiment were committed along with assault engineer companies and
4541:
4474:
4425:
4356:
4181:
3687:
3638:
3402:
3395:
2998:
2759:
2550:
1603:
1050:
661:
605:
4649:
4615:
4511:
3886:
3847:
2766:
2601:
2586:
2513:
2492:
2310:
1988:
1774:
1767:
1751:
1462:
1421:
1393:
1115:
967:
4578:
3902:
3854:
3472:
3444:
3297:
2912:
2891:
2412:
2075:
1981:
1471:
979:
870:
Infantry
Divisions) had become separated from the remainder of Third Panzer Army by heavy attacks around
4654:
4376:
3872:
3791:
3736:
3624:
3580:
3230:
2856:
2780:
2682:
2559:
2431:
2424:
2384:
2357:
2089:
2022:
1617:
1428:
1358:
369:
4669:
4278:
4195:
3980:
3840:
3812:
3645:
3550:
3340:
2773:
1847:
1501:
1119:
1037:
809:
549:
479:
46:
2045:
840:
Infantry
Divisions' sectors. By 24 June, the German position in Vitebsk itself, held by the central
4017:
3994:
3246:
3047:
3040:
2704:
2364:
2336:
2329:
1716:
878:
Armies were now converging behind Vitebsk, trapping the entire LIII Corps. LIII Corps's commander,
875:
805:
713:
708:
671:
2061:
2038:
4439:
4383:
4253:
4113:
3798:
3451:
3347:
3253:
2821:
2689:
2659:
2623:
2608:
2480:
2372:
2350:
2296:
2282:
2264:
1928:
1709:
1437:
1386:
1088:
The operation effectively ceased with the arrival of 5th Guards Tank Army's forward units at the
1036:
attacked towards Orsha on 23 June but initially made little headway. By the next day, the Soviet
927:
891:
847:
833:
703:
4131:
4024:
3826:
3777:
3680:
3573:
3543:
3326:
3214:
2940:
2731:
2322:
2303:
2273:
1820:
1790:
639:
982:. By far the most important Soviet objective, however, was immediately to the north: the main
4622:
4345:
4188:
4084:
4054:
4010:
3750:
3715:
3708:
3631:
3529:
2970:
2947:
2794:
2405:
1942:
1682:
1668:
1351:
1054:
1007:
999:
975:
963:
794:
683:
592:
586:
207:
168:
2240:
1108:
The two key cities and communication / transport centres of Vitebsk and Orsha were captured.
364:
4446:
4301:
3952:
3909:
3879:
3805:
3615:
3594:
2520:
1997:
1675:
1066:
959:
879:
841:
778:
758:
737:
718:
582:
563:
559:
543:
475:
384:
172:
159:
8:
4564:
4338:
4216:
4172:
3694:
2828:
2594:
2121:
1951:
1935:
1884:
1118:, set up the planned encirclement of the bulk of the German Fourth Army in the following
1101:
995:
971:
901:
790:
786:
687:
655:
628:
517:
413:
285:
203:
38:
4557:
4390:
4315:
4269:
4239:
4147:
3987:
3652:
3536:
3430:
3381:
3319:
3075:
3026:
2835:
2459:
2114:
1912:
821:
569:
449:
359:
314:
804:
It was in this sector that Soviet forces had their greatest initial gains. The Soviet
4548:
4432:
4322:
4262:
4223:
4156:
4138:
4104:
4047:
4001:
3945:
3770:
3508:
3500:
3437:
3290:
2884:
2416:
1877:
1856:
1566:
1330:
1326:
1307:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1262:
1240:
1070:
797:, who were given the task of breaking through the defences to the north and south of
635:
379:
354:
339:
304:
918:
Divisions, fighting their way along the road from Vitebsk, had also been encircled.
4467:
4460:
4404:
4068:
3833:
3819:
3722:
3659:
3610:
3423:
3276:
3223:
3033:
2984:
2898:
2128:
2105:
1638:
1062:
1033:
782:
722:
693:
651:
502:
401:
374:
198:
1647:
1003:
596:
182:
4490:
4202:
4117:
4075:
3973:
3916:
3784:
3566:
3557:
3086:
2668:
2644:
1898:
943:
923:
855:
754:
540:
536:
441:
425:
334:
163:
70:
4602:
4497:
4033:
3959:
2011:
1870:
1074:
1029:
858:
was disintegrating. In the north, IX Corps had been broken and pushed over the
697:
573:
499:
194:
4638:
4308:
2233:
2082:
1921:
1015:
859:
817:
553:
177:
91:
78:
516:
regiments in several waves against the fortified and mined positions of the
4607:
4411:
2711:
2616:
2247:
1610:
1374:
1254:
919:
728:
676:
471:
147:
142:
134:
4246:
4232:
3894:
2570:
2391:
2376:
1730:
513:
506:
486:
Soviet intelligence had revealed the depth of the German defences on the
909:
fighting near the Vitebsk railway station during the assault on the city
3601:
3354:
3333:
2226:
1559:
1487:
1304:
Battle for White Russia: The destruction of Army Group Centre June 1944
871:
740:
was appointed to coordinate the operations of the two Fronts involved.
958:
The central sector of Soviet operations was against the long front of
253:
3864:
3269:
3066:
2877:
2675:
2630:
1042:
2151:
2135:
1863:
1089:
886:
south-west of the city in order to spearhead a breakout, while the
409:
1002:
was ordered to take. A breakthrough in this area, against General
947:
935:
813:
798:
766:
616:
505:
in this sector was to be preceded by specialised engineer units;
445:
417:
2745:
1343:
1022:
or strongpoint under 78th Sturm Division's commander, with the
983:
770:
761:; the lines ran through marshy terrain in the north, through a
487:
456:
2933:
1058:
991:
987:
774:
620:
495:
491:
464:
460:
421:
1100:
In terms of its objectives within the broader structure of
898:
was ordered to stay in the city and fight to the last man.
509:
894:
however, denied all requests for complete evacuation: the
455:
Break through the heavily fortified area around the main
408:) was part of the Belorussian strategic offensive of the
974:, being encircled while pinned down by attacks from the
1014:, a specially reinforced unit with extra artillery and
753:
Army Group Centre's northern flank was defended by the
2005:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
4660:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
1306:. Translated by Simpkin, Richard. London: Brassey's.
1283:
Crumbling Empire: the German Defeat in the East, 1944
1213:
1189:
4665:
Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II
1323:
Bagration 1944: The Destruction of Army Group Centre
1237:
Soviet Blitzkrieg: The Battle for White Russia, 1944
1168:
1156:
1280:
1201:
1144:
634:The above units were under the overall command of
436:The immediate goals of the Soviet offensive were:
942:in pursuit: VI Corps was also largely destroyed.
4636:
1259:Byelorussia 1944: The Soviet General Staff Study
946:had been effectively shattered within days, and
416:. During the offensive, Soviet troops captured
1359:
966:. Soviet plans envisaged the bulk of it, the
890:attempted to hold open the Dvina crossings.
269:
1018:support. Orsha itself had been designated a
1366:
1352:
406:Витебско-Оршанская наступательная операция
276:
262:
962:, which was under the overall command of
125:
1104:, the offensive was a complete success:
900:
448:and encircle the city, which occupied a
1301:
1275:
1174:
928:Supreme High Command of the German Army
283:
14:
4637:
3213:
3191:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
1320:
1253:
1195:
1162:
1057:were able to push up the road towards
4062:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
3494:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
3140:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3096:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2201:Rape during the occupation of Germany
1347:
1180:
257:
3184:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2216:Rape during the liberation of France
1234:
1219:
1207:
1150:
1073:in disarray: its commander, General
816:, within hours, pushing towards the
235:126 tanks and assault guns destroyed
24:
4645:Battles involving the Soviet Union
3410:German invasion of the Netherlands
1690:Weather events during World War II
412:in summer 1944, commonly known as
25:
4681:
4041:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
1126:
836:at the junction of the 299th and
808:broke the defences of the German
463:highway and liberate the town of
4601:
1373:
769:, to a sector north of the main
743:
181:
141:
127:
45:
1095:
4288:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
1998:Territorial changes of Germany
1906:Indonesian National Revolution
820:river. South of the city, the
523:
440:Break through the defences of
13:
1:
3688:Japanese invasion of Thailand
3639:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
3403:German invasion of Luxembourg
1784:Mediterranean and Middle East
1228:
1024:25th Panzergrenadier Division
994:, which the southern wing of
801:and cutting off the salient.
498:. As a result, the attack of
3595:Invasion of the Soviet Union
3284:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
2602:Independent State of Croatia
1138:
1116:Bobruysk offensive operation
884:4th Luftwaffe Field Division
528:
7:
4579:End of World War II in Asia
4419:Western invasion of Germany
3926:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
3903:Second Battle of El Alamein
3473:Hundred Regiments Offensive
3445:Battle of the Mediterranean
3298:Italian invasion of Albania
1472:Air warfare of World War II
980:Mogilev offensive operation
645:
431:
10:
4686:
4505:Naval bombardment of Japan
3873:First Battle of El Alamein
3792:Battle of Christmas Island
3737:Japanese invasion of Burma
3501:Italian invasion of Greece
3417:German invasion of Belgium
3389:German invasion of Denmark
3362:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
3231:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1495:Comparative military ranks
1081:northwards and moving the
748:
444:to the north and south of
4594:
4426:Bratislava–Brno offensive
4366:
4357:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
4094:
3981:Allied invasion of Sicily
3935:
3841:Aleutian Islands campaign
3813:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
3760:
3751:Greek famine of 1941–1944
3646:Second Battle of Changsha
3551:German invasion of Greece
3519:
3396:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
3371:
3309:
3204:
3085:
2811:
2721:
2569:
2272:
2263:
2021:
1846:
1738:North and Central Pacific
1699:
1461:
1454:
1381:
1120:Minsk offensive operation
1038:1st Guards Rifle Division
480:Minsk offensive operation
405:
295:
227:
214:
153:
119:
53:
44:
36:
31:
4018:Allied invasion of Italy
3995:Solomon Islands campaign
3744:Third Battle of Changsha
3341:First Battle of Changsha
3247:Second Sino-Japanese War
2187:German military brothels
2053:United States war crimes
1235:Dunn, Walter S. (2000).
953:
781:. It was opposed by the
4440:Second Guangxi campaign
4295:Philippines (1944–1945)
3799:Battle of the Coral Sea
3702:Fall of the Philippines
3348:Battle of South Guangxi
3254:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
2660:Italian Social Republic
1321:Zaloga, Steven (1996).
1083:286th Security Division
1079:260th Infantry Division
896:206th Infantry Division
888:246th Infantry Division
848:Oberkommando des Heeres
610:286th Security Division
398:Vitebsk–Orsha offensive
32:Vitebsk–Orsha offensive
18:Vitebsk-Orsha Offensive
4025:Armistice of Cassibile
3827:Battle of Dutch Harbor
3778:Battle of the Java Sea
3681:Attack on Pearl Harbor
3581:Syria–Lebanon campaign
3574:Battle of South Shanxi
3544:Invasion of Yugoslavia
3327:Battle of the Atlantic
2941:Korean Liberation Army
2654:(until September 1943)
2611:(until September 1944)
2589:(until September 1944)
1302:Niepold, Gerd (1987).
1051:14th Infantry Division
934:west, falling back on
910:
882:, had transferred the
606:14th Infantry Division
247:113 aircraft shot down
154:Commanders and leaders
4189:Second Battle of Guam
4085:Bengal famine of 1943
4055:Second Battle of Kiev
4011:Battle of the Dnieper
3716:Battle of Wake Island
3588:East African campaign
3530:Battle of South Henan
3175:atrocities by Germans
2948:Korean Volunteer Army
1929:Occupation of Germany
1683:Music in World War II
1055:2nd Guards Tank Corps
1000:3rd Belorussian Front
990:road and the town of
976:2nd Belorussian Front
964:Kurt von Tippelskirch
904:
795:3rd Belorussian Front
757:under the command of
684:3rd Belorussian Front
587:Kurt von Tippelskirch
320:Skrygalovo-Konkovichi
239:17,800 taken prisoner
228:Casualties and losses
208:3rd Belorussian Front
169:Kurt von Tippelskirch
4475:Surrender of Germany
3953:Battle of West Hubei
3910:Guadalcanal campaign
3880:Battle of Stalingrad
3806:Battle of Madagascar
2580:Albania protectorate
2367:(formerly Swaziland)
2076:Wehrmacht war crimes
1892:Expulsion of Germans
1676:Art and World War II
1574:British contribution
1523:Governments in exile
1067:5th Guards Tank Army
907:158th Rifle Division
880:Friedrich Gollwitzer
759:Georg-Hans Reinhardt
738:Aleksandr Vasilevsky
719:5th Guards Tank Army
564:Friedrich Gollwitzer
544:Georg-Hans Reinhardt
452:in the German lines.
237:1,840 motor vehicles
160:Georg-Hans Reinhardt
4650:Operation Bagration
4565:Potsdam Declaration
4454:Italy (Spring 1945)
4217:Liberation of Paris
3674:Siege of Sevastopol
2692:(until August 1944)
2595:Wang Jingwei regime
2417:from September 1943
2377:from September 1944
2315:from September 1944
2175:Romanian war crimes
2166:Persecution of Jews
2152:Croatian war crimes
2122:Japanese war crimes
1936:Occupation of Japan
1885:First Indochina War
1597:Military production
1509:Declarations of war
1102:Operation Bagration
1012:78th Sturm Division
916:6th Luftwaffe Field
787:Hovhannes Bagramyan
688:Ivan Chernyakhovsky
656:Hovhannes Bagramyan
629:78th Sturm Division
518:78th Sturm Division
414:Operation Bagration
287:Operation Bagration
245:318 tanks destroyed
204:Ivan Chernyakhovsky
88: /
39:Operation Bagration
4558:Surrender of Japan
4391:Battle of Iwo Jima
4240:Belgrade offensive
3653:Siege of Leningrad
3537:Battle of Shanggao
3466:British Somaliland
3431:Dunkirk evacuation
3382:Norwegian campaign
3320:Invasion of Poland
3147:Japanese prisoners
2115:Italian war crimes
2046:British war crimes
1961:Soviet occupations
1745:South-West Pacific
1632:Allied cooperation
1590:Military equipment
1277:Mitcham, Samuel W.
1222:, pp. 149–50.
968:XXXIX Panzer Corps
911:
812:, to the north of
777:road, held by the
765:round the city of
623:had been declared
581:Northern flank of
4655:Conflicts in 1944
4632:
4631:
4590:
4589:
4433:Battle of Okinawa
4332:Burma (1944–1945)
4166:Mariana and Palau
3946:Tunisian campaign
3771:Fall of Singapore
3695:Fall of Hong Kong
3438:Battle of Britain
3291:Operation Himmler
3200:
3199:
2864:Dutch East Indies
2507:Southern Rhodesia
2259:
2258:
2159:Genocide of Serbs
2062:German war crimes
2039:Soviet war crimes
2032:Allied war crimes
1878:Division of Korea
1857:Chinese Civil War
1655:Strategic bombing
1567:Manhattan Project
1327:Osprey Publishing
944:Third Panzer Army
924:Third Panzer Army
856:Third Panzer Army
755:Third Panzer Army
636:Army Group Centre
537:Third Panzer Army
393:
392:
252:
251:
164:Third Panzer Army
115:
114:
16:(Redirected from
4677:
4670:June 1944 events
4625:
4618:
4611:
4608:World portal
4606:
4605:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4560:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4468:Prague offensive
4463:
4461:Battle of Berlin
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4405:Vienna offensive
4400:
4393:
4386:
4384:Battle of Manila
4379:
4359:
4350:
4341:
4334:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4274:
4265:
4258:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4168:
4161:
4152:
4143:
4134:
4127:
4125:Korsun–Cherkassy
4120:
4109:
4087:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3967:Bombing of Gorky
3962:
3955:
3948:
3928:
3921:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3834:Battle of Midway
3829:
3822:
3820:Battle of Gazala
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3730:Battle of Borneo
3725:
3723:Malayan campaign
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3667:Bombing of Gorky
3662:
3660:Battle of Moscow
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3512:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3424:Battle of France
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3277:Munich Agreement
3272:
3265:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3233:
3226:
3211:
3210:
3193:
3186:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3162:Soviet prisoners
3156:
3149:
3142:
3133:
3126:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3102:German prisoners
3098:
3078:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2662:
2655:
2647:
2640:
2638:French Indochina
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2582:
2562:
2553:
2546:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2485:from August 1944
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2368:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2270:
2269:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2211:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2177:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2129:Nanjing Massacre
2124:
2117:
2108:
2106:Nuremberg trials
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1839:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1710:Asia and Pacific
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1641:
1639:Mulberry harbour
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1481:
1474:
1459:
1458:
1447:
1440:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1317:
1298:
1286:
1272:
1255:Glantz, David M.
1250:
1239:. Lynne Riener.
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1198:, pp. 56–7.
1193:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1085:into the lines.
1063:Pavel Rotmistrov
1034:11th Guards Army
978:in the parallel
783:1st Baltic Front
723:Pavel Rotmistrov
694:11th Guards Army
652:1st Baltic Front
503:11th Guards Army
407:
290:
288:
278:
271:
264:
255:
254:
199:1st Baltic Front
185:
146:
145:
137:
133:
131:
130:
103:
102:
100:
99:
98:
93:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
55:
54:
49:
29:
28:
21:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4600:
4598:
4586:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4524:
4519:Atomic bombings
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4362:
4355:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4277:
4268:
4261:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4222:
4215:
4210:Eastern Romania
4208:
4203:Warsaw Uprising
4201:
4196:Tannenberg Line
4194:
4187:
4182:Western Ukraine
4180:
4171:
4164:
4155:
4146:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4112:
4103:
4090:
4083:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3974:Battle of Kursk
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3931:
3924:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3862:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3785:St Nazaire Raid
3783:
3776:
3769:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3609:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3567:Anglo-Iraqi War
3565:
3558:Battle of Crete
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3515:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3487:Eastern Romania
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3305:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3229:
3222:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3173:
3166:
3161:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3129:
3122:
3113:
3106:
3101:
3094:
3081:
3074:
3065:
3058:
3053:
3048:Western Ukraine
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2992:Northeast China
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2698:Slovak Republic
2696:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2669:Empire of Japan
2667:
2658:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2585:
2578:
2565:
2558:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2371:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2255:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2214:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2181:Sexual violence
2180:
2173:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1904:
1899:Greek Civil War
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1842:
1835:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1724:South-East Asia
1722:
1715:
1708:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1583:Military awards
1581:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1477:
1470:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1408:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1372:
1337:
1314:
1295:
1269:
1247:
1231:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1153:, pp. 1–2.
1149:
1145:
1141:
1129:
1098:
956:
940:6th Guards Army
751:
746:
667:6th Guards Army
648:
638:(Field-Marshal
541:Colonel-General
533:
526:
442:3rd Panzer Army
434:
426:Minsk offensive
394:
389:
291:
286:
284:
282:
248:
246:
244:
240:
238:
236:
234:
202:
186:
176:
167:
140:
128:
126:
96:
94:
90:
87:
82:
79:
77:
75:
74:
73:
71:Belorussian SSR
61:23–28 June 1944
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4683:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4538:
4535:South Sakhalin
4531:
4530:
4529:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4372:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4335:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4275:
4266:
4259:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4169:
4162:
4153:
4144:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4014:
4007:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3960:Battle of Attu
3956:
3949:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3851:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3766:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3709:Battle of Guam
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3632:Battle of Kiev
3628:
3621:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3525:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3377:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3219:
3217:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3143:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:United Kingdom
3127:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3099:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2535:British Empire
2528:United Kingdom
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2369:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2344:Czechoslovakia
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2278:
2276:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2241:Rape of Manila
2237:
2230:
2223:
2212:
2197:
2190:
2178:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2079:
2072:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2012:United Nations
2008:
2001:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1871:Decolonization
1867:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1705:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1563:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1544:United Kingdom
1540:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1390:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1318:
1312:
1299:
1293:
1273:
1267:
1251:
1245:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1212:
1210:, p. 149.
1200:
1188:
1179:
1175:Mitcham (2001)
1167:
1155:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1127:External links
1125:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1109:
1097:
1094:
1075:Georg Pfeiffer
996:Chernyakhovsky
955:
952:
905:Troops of the
791:Chernyakhovsky
750:
747:
745:
742:
734:
733:
732:
731:
726:
716:
711:
706:
701:
698:Kuzma Galitsky
681:
680:
679:
674:
669:
664:
662:4th Shock Army
647:
644:
615:The cities of
613:
612:
602:
601:
600:
579:
578:
577:
574:Georg Pfeiffer
567:
557:
532:
527:
525:
522:
484:
483:
474:of the German
468:
453:
433:
430:
391:
390:
388:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
296:
293:
292:
281:
280:
273:
266:
258:
250:
249:
241:
230:
229:
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
212:
211:
195:Ivan Bagramyan
192:
189:206th Division
156:
155:
151:
150:
138:
122:
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
111:Soviet victory
109:
105:
104:
69:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
42:
41:
34:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4682:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:Kuril Islands
4539:
4536:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4309:Syrmian Front
4306:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4255:Market Garden
4251:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4114:Monte Cassino
4111:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:Baltic states
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3124:United States
3121:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3060:Quốc dân Đảng
3057:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2760:Liechtenstein
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:United States
2541:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2234:Comfort women
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2218: /
2217:
2213:
2210:
2207: /
2206:
2203: /
2202:
2198:
2195:
2194:Camp brothels
2191:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:The Holocaust
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2069:forced labour
2066:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1922:Marshall Plan
1919:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1775:Eastern Front
1772:
1769:
1768:Western Front
1765:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1662:Puppet states
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1604:Naval history
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1551:United States
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1338:
1336:9781855324787
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1313:9780080336060
1309:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1294:9780275968564
1290:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1268:9780415351164
1264:
1261:. Routledge.
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1246:9781555878801
1242:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1196:Zaloga (1996)
1192:
1183:
1177:, p. 24.
1176:
1171:
1165:, p. 52.
1164:
1163:Zaloga (1996)
1159:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:Paul Völckers
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
908:
903:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
849:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
744:The offensive
741:
739:
730:
727:
724:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
699:
695:
692:
691:
689:
685:
682:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
657:
653:
650:
649:
643:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
611:
607:
603:
598:
597:Paul Völckers
594:
591:
590:
588:
584:
580:
575:
571:
568:
565:
561:
558:
555:
554:Rolf Wuthmann
551:
548:
547:
545:
542:
538:
535:
534:
531:
521:
519:
515:
511:
508:
504:
501:
497:
494:highway near
493:
489:
481:
477:
473:
469:
466:
462:
458:
454:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:
437:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
403:
399:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
300:Vitebsk–Orsha
298:
297:
294:
289:
279:
274:
272:
267:
265:
260:
259:
256:
243:11,014 killed
242:
233:41,700 killed
232:
231:
226:
222:
219:
218:
213:
209:
205:
200:
196:
193:
190:
184:
179:
178:Alfons Hitter
174:
170:
165:
161:
158:
157:
152:
149:
144:
139:
136:
124:
123:
118:
110:
107:
106:
101:
92:55.2°N 30.2°E
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
48:
43:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
4616:Bibliography
4599:
4412:Project Hula
4377:Vistula–Oder
4346:
4279:
4270:
4254:
4224:
4173:
4157:
4148:
4139:
4105:
4002:
3917:
3893:
3863:
3614:
3507:
3452:North Africa
3154:Soviet Union
3108:Soviet Union
3034:Soviet Union
2802:Vatican City
2712:Vichy France
2617:German Reich
2514:Soviet Union
2500:South Africa
2493:Sierra Leone
2446:Newfoundland
2265:Participants
2248:Marocchinate
1952:
1943:
1913:
1791:North Africa
1752:Indian Ocean
1611:Nazi plunder
1502:Cryptography
1375:World War II
1322:
1303:
1282:
1258:
1236:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1146:
1099:
1096:Consequences
1092:on 28 June.
1087:
1047:
1028:
1020:Fester Platz
1019:
957:
932:
912:
853:
846:
803:
752:
735:
729:1st Air Army
677:3rd Air Army
633:
625:Fester Platz
624:
614:
529:
507:mine rolling
485:
472:encirclement
435:
397:
395:
370:Lublin–Brest
330:Doroshevichi
299:
148:Soviet Union
120:Belligerents
26:
4347:Bodenplatte
4233:Gothic Line
3459:West Africa
3006:Philippines
2985:Netherlands
2850:Czech lands
2788:Switzerland
2732:Afghanistan
2683:Philippines
2551:Puerto Rico
2467:Philippines
2453:New Zealand
2439:Netherlands
2392:Free France
2143:Prosecution
1944:Osoaviakhim
1814:West Africa
1798:East Africa
1445:Conferences
1287:. Praeger.
1220:Dunn (2000)
1208:Dunn (2000)
1151:Dunn (2000)
1016:assault gun
1008:XXVII Corps
960:Fourth Army
854:By 25 June
779:Fourth Army
640:Ernst Busch
593:XXVII Corps
583:Fourth Army
524:Deployments
514:assault gun
223:359,000 men
220:165,000 men
173:Fourth Army
95: /
4639:Categories
4447:West Hunan
4280:Pointblank
3616:Silver Fox
3602:Summer War
3355:Winter War
3334:Phoney War
3115:Azerbaijan
3076:Yugoslavia
2971:Luxembourg
2813:Resistance
2560:Yugoslavia
2425:Luxembourg
2227:Sook Ching
2023:War crimes
1625:Technology
1618:Opposition
1560:Lend-Lease
1537:Australian
1530:Home front
1488:Blitzkrieg
1438:Casualties
1429:Commanders
1401:Operations
1229:References
872:Bogushevsk
842:LIII Corps
560:LIII Corps
500:Galitsky's
385:Studzianki
97:55.2; 30.2
4512:Manchuria
4398:Indochina
4174:Bagration
3625:Lithuania
3270:Anschluss
3067:Viet Minh
2964:Lithuania
2906:Hong Kong
2676:Manchukuo
2631:Azad Hind
2290:Australia
2090:Aftermath
1953:Paperclip
1848:Aftermath
1648:Total war
1516:Diplomacy
1479:In Europe
1139:Footnotes
1043:Orekhovsk
972:XII Corps
938:with the
806:43rd Army
721:(General
714:31st Army
709:39th Army
696:(General
686:(General
672:43rd Army
654:(General
631:(Orsha).
604:Reserve:
595:(General
585:(General
572:(General
562:(General
552:(General
530:Wehrmacht
4623:Category
4572:document
4482:document
4339:Ardennes
4323:Budapest
4271:Crossbow
4149:Overlord
3988:Smolensk
3206:Timeline
3041:Slovakia
3027:Thailand
2878:Ethiopia
2843:Bulgaria
2767:Portugal
2705:Thailand
2587:Bulgaria
2365:Eswatini
2358:Ethiopia
2311:Bulgaria
2136:Unit 731
2097:Response
1914:Keelhaul
1864:Cold War
1837:Americas
1828:timeline
1821:Atlantic
1701:Theaters
1279:(2001).
1257:(2004).
1090:Berezina
1045:failed.
1030:Galitsky
930:orders.
834:5th Army
822:VI Corps
810:IX Corps
736:Marshal
704:5th Army
646:Red Army
570:VI Corps
550:IX Corps
476:4th Army
432:Planning
410:Red Army
365:Šiauliai
360:Belostok
325:Petrikov
315:Bobruysk
310:Zdudichi
215:Strength
66:Location
37:Part of
4549:Shumshu
4316:Hungary
4263:Estonia
4247:Lapland
4225:Dragoon
4158:Neptune
4140:Ichi-Go
4106:Tempest
4048:Changde
4003:Cottage
3895:Jubilee
3611:Finland
3509:Compass
3215:Prelude
3168:Finland
3054:Vietnam
3020:Romania
2892:Germany
2871:Estonia
2857:Denmark
2836:Belgium
2829:Austria
2822:Albania
2753:Ireland
2739:Andorra
2723:Neutral
2690:Romania
2624:Hungary
2609:Finland
2481:Romania
2373:Finland
2351:Denmark
2297:Belgium
2283:Algeria
1989:Romania
1975:Hungary
1731:Pacific
1455:General
1409:Leaders
1394:Battles
1387:Outline
1071:Borisov
948:Vitebsk
936:Polotsk
814:Vitebsk
799:Vitebsk
767:Vitebsk
763:salient
749:Vitebsk
617:Vitebsk
478:in the
450:salient
446:Vitebsk
418:Vitebsk
402:Russian
380:Osovets
355:Vilnius
340:Polotsk
305:Mogilev
135:Germany
83:30°12′E
80:55°12′N
4526:Debate
4498:Taipei
4491:Borneo
4069:Tarawa
3263:Europe
3224:Africa
3013:Poland
2999:Norway
2978:Malaya
2957:Latvia
2899:Greece
2885:France
2781:Sweden
2746:Bhutan
2474:Poland
2460:Norway
2432:Mexico
2399:Greece
2385:France
2323:Canada
2304:Brazil
2274:Allies
2220:Serbia
2209:Poland
1982:Poland
1968:Baltic
1761:Europe
1463:Topics
1415:Allied
1333:
1310:
1291:
1265:
1243:
984:Moscow
920:Hitler
789:, and
771:Moscow
488:Moscow
457:Moscow
375:Kaunas
180:
132:
108:Result
4302:Leyte
4132:Narva
4118:Anzio
4076:Makin
4034:Burma
3918:Torch
3887:Rzhev
3848:Kiska
2934:Korea
2920:Japan
2913:Italy
2795:Tibet
2774:Spain
2652:Italy
2413:Italy
2406:India
2330:China
2205:Japan
1805:Italy
1717:China
1669:Women
1059:Minsk
992:Orsha
988:Minsk
954:Orsha
868:256th
864:299th
860:Dvina
838:256th
830:197th
826:299th
818:Dvina
775:Minsk
621:Orsha
510:PT-34
496:Orsha
492:Minsk
465:Orsha
461:Minsk
422:Orsha
350:Pinsk
345:Borki
335:Minsk
4368:1945
4096:1944
3937:1943
3865:Blue
3855:Attu
3762:1942
3521:1941
3373:1940
3311:1939
3240:Asia
3087:POWs
2927:Jews
2645:Iraq
2571:Axis
2521:Tuva
2337:Cuba
1422:Axis
1331:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1241:ISBN
970:and
876:39th
866:and
828:and
619:and
420:and
396:The
58:Date
1065:'s
1032:'s
998:'s
892:OKH
793:'s
785:of
642:).
4641::
4116:/
1329:.
1325:.
1006:'
851:.
824:'
690:)
658:)
608:,
589:)
546:)
520:.
428:.
404::
3619:)
3613:(
2487:)
2483:(
2419:)
2415:(
2379:)
2375:(
2317:)
2313:(
1367:e
1360:t
1353:v
1339:.
1316:.
1297:.
1271:.
1249:.
1122:.
986:–
773:–
725:)
700:)
599:)
576:)
566:)
556:)
539:(
490:–
482:.
467:.
459:-
400:(
277:e
270:t
263:v
210:)
206:(
201:)
197:(
191:)
187:(
175:)
171:(
166:)
162:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
