25:
267:). After five days of killing and pillaging, Kyriavan, Thabelin and other Vironian elders asked for a truce. According to the chronicle, Kyriavan told he had a "very bad god" before and therefore was ready to accept the Christian god. After truce was made, Vironian elders accepted Christianity. Some sons of elders from all five Vironian clans were taken hostages by the crusaders as part of the truce.
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who in 1230 tried to create a Papal Vassal State in
Northern Estonia, including Vironia. In 1233, the supporters of Baldwin were defeated by the Order in the city of Reval (Tallinn). Vironian territories were snatched by the Order again as Baldwin of Alna complained in his report to the Pope in 1234.
297:
In 1238, Vironia was given to
Denmark again according to the treaty of Stensby. The area went into hands of powerful vassals of Danish king, many of which were of local origin, like Dietrich of Kievel (probably 'Kivela' - 'land of stone' in Estonian) who controlled Eastern part of Vironia, where he
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in the neighboring province of
Revelia. Danes retaliated, killed several Vironian elders and put Vironians under heavy taxes. In 1225, Danes and German crusaders clashed with each other over the ownership of Vironia. In 1226, The
236:) was born in Vironia. However, Vironian elder Thabelin of Pudiviru had endorsed Christianity before the German and Danish crusaders reached Estonia. Thabelin (Tabellinus) was baptized by Germans in
610:
525:
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have been continuously used for the North-Eastern
Estonia. For example, in 1266, Margrete Sambiria, Dowager Queen of Denmark was named the Lady of Estonia and Virland.
526:"Games of power in Northern Estonia 1219-1238: aspects of historical sociology/Voimumangud Pohja-Eestis Aastail 1219-1238: ajaloolis-sotsioloogilisi aspekte"
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after
Vironians. 'Viro' is also present in several Finnish place names like Virolahti, Virojoki and last names (Vironen, Virolainen).
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island. Later, when competing Danish crusaders arrived in
Vironia, Thabelin was suspected of being too pro-German and was hanged.
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A year later the
Vironian territories were taken by Brothers of the Sword. Vironians sided with the new Papal Legate
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302:. Vironians and Vironian vassals took part in Order's and Denmark's failed crusade against Russia 1240-1242.
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In 1221, Vironians took part in failed attempt to oust Danes who had built a fortress in the place of modern
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was also chosen for a popular
Estonian academic fraternal corporation, which was established in 1900 in
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The Order was also accused of oppressing
Vironian converts and expelling local supporters of Church.
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is used for inhabitants of modern
Virumaa counties or speakers of North Eastern Estonian dialects.
35:
170:
662:
548:
611:"Ösel and the Danish Kingdom: Revisiting Henry's Chronicle and the Archaeological Evidence"
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383:"Graüben, a girl from Virland" (French: "Graüben, jeune Virlandaise") is a character in
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which has inscription in memory of a Viking named Björn who was killed in Virland (
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10.4324/9781315575186-16/henry-livonia-woods-wilderness-torben-kjersgaard-nielsen
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641:
Nielsen, Torben Kjersgaard (2016). "Henry of Livonia on woods and wilderness".
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means "vivacious", "lively"). According to an alternative hypothesis the word
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The Political Context of the First Part of the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia
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580:, Verona: Alteritas - Interazione tra i popoli, pp. 353–366,
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Catholic Missionaries in the Evangelization of Livonia, 1185-1227
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made a raid against Vironians together with recently christened
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Crusading and Chronicle Writing on the Medieval Baltic Frontier
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Crusading and Chronicle Writing on the Medieval Baltic Frontier
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and mediated peace between the Germans, Danes, and Estonians.
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Like other Estonian tribes, Vironians remained predominantly
406:
228:, Vironians believed that Tharapita, a god worshipped by
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has written poetry about mythical "Kingdom of Virland".
173:
of Estonia). Vironians were divided into five clans (
364:). In the Finnish language, Estonia is still called
348:). Earliest mention of the name is probably on the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
470:"Asisbiz article and photo's of Tallinn, Estonia"
654:
519:
201:(Alutaguse). They built many strongholds, like
574:Murray, A. V. (July 2016), Piazza, E. (ed.),
550:Manifesting a Presence in Livonia and Estonia
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344:with the meaning 'man' (cf. English word
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
425:, the American East and West coasts and
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224:in the 13th century. According to the
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282:arrived at the Vironian stronghold of
255:, and several proto-Estonian tribes (
243:In 1219, the German crusaders of the
213:(now Punamägi Hill in Äntu village).
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413:and currently has representation in
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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298:started to build the stronghold of
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389:Journey to the Centre of the Earth
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329:probably has Finnic roots (e.g.,
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34:needs additional citations for
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245:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
1:
547:Markus, Kersti (2020-06-08).
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226:Chronicle of Henry of Livonia
137:tribes that later formed the
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530:Acta Historica Tallinnensia
493:Selart, Anti (2008-01-01).
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10:
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468:asisbiz.com (2014-07-13).
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340:may have originated from
371:In Estonian, the word
232:(the tribe inhabiting
185:(Lemmu) also known as
181:(in Estonian "Mahu"),
130:
165:in Scandinavian, now
16:Tribe of Baltic Finns
43:improve this article
394:Australian author
133:) were one of the
587:978-88-907900-4-1
560:978-90-04-42617-7
506:978-94-012-0551-1
449:Northern Crusades
280:William of Modena
222:Northern Crusades
171:Lääne-Viru County
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32:This article
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663:Baltic Finns
645:. Routledge.
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477:. Retrieved
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
385:Jules Verne
352:located in
58:"Vironians"
657:Categories
628:2023-03-02
593:2023-03-02
536:(1): 3–25.
479:2023-03-02
455:References
305:The names
197:(Rebala),
99:March 2023
69:newspapers
553:. Brill.
499:. Brill.
427:Australia
401:The name
373:virulased
325:The name
321:Etymology
261:Ugaunians
257:Sakalians
253:Livonians
175:kilikunda
131:Virulased
123:Vironians
433:See also
284:Tarwanpe
265:Jervians
234:Saaremaa
230:Osilians
211:Agelinde
205:(modern
203:Tarwanpe
199:Alentagh
187:Pudiviru
159:Wierland
141:nation.
139:Estonian
127:Estonian
474:asisbiz
439:Virumaa
423:Toronto
419:Tallinn
403:Vironia
362:uirlant
354:Uppland
315:Virland
311:Vironia
307:Virumaa
272:Tallinn
238:Gotland
220:before
207:Rakvere
183:Laemund
163:Virland
155:Virumaa
151:Vironia
145:History
83:scholar
584:
557:
503:
411:Latvia
379:Trivia
358:Sweden
346:virile
209:) and
195:Revele
191:Askele
135:Finnic
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
415:Tartu
334:vireä
300:Narva
249:Letts
218:pagan
90:JSTOR
76:books
582:ISBN
555:ISBN
501:ISBN
407:Riga
387:'s '
366:Viro
338:Viru
327:Viru
313:and
263:and
179:Maum
169:and
121:The
62:news
619:doi
391:'.
177:),
45:by
659::
617:,
613:,
601:^
534:13
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