450:
896:
143:
761:
136:
784:
599:
54:
734:
Different sources vary on the average elevation of the
Vindhyas, depending on their definition of the range. M. C. Chaturvedi mentions the average elevation as 300 metres (980 ft). Pradeep Sharma states that the "general elevation" of the Vindhyas is 300–650 metres (980–2,130 ft), with the
878:
then asked
Vindhya to lower itself, in order to facilitate his passage across to the south. In reverence for Agastya, the Vindhya lowered its height and promised not to grow until Agastya returned to the north. Agastya settled in the south, and the Vindhya mountain, true to its word, never grew
830:
Vindhyas appear prominently in the Indian mythological tales. Although the
Vindhyas are not very high, historically, they were considered highly inaccessible and dangerous due to dense vegetation and the hostile tribes residing there. In the older Sanskrit texts, such as the
251:
Technically, the
Vindhyas do not form a single mountain range in the geological sense. The exact extent of the Vindhyas is loosely defined, and historically, the term covered a number of distinct hill systems in central India, including the one that is now known as the
566:
was located across this sea. Many scholars have attempted to explain this anomaly in different ways. According to one theory, the term "Vindhyas" covered a number of mountains to the south of the Indo-Aryan territories at the time
Ramayana was written. Others, such as
374:
states that the great mountain
Vindhya that was growing incessantly and obstructing the path of the Sun stopped growing any more in obedience to Agastya's words. According to another theory, the name "Vindhya" means "hunter" in Sanskrit, and may refer to the
995:) have been discovered from Vindhya basin dating back to 1.6 to 1.7 billion years ago. Shelled creatures are documented to have first evolved at the start of the Cambrian 'explosion of life', about 550 million years ago.
957:
rivers drain the southern slopes of the
Vindhyas. Both these rivers rise in the Maikal hills, which are now defined as an extension of the Satpuras, although several older texts use the term Vindhyas to cover them (see
1444:
738:
The highest point of the
Vindhyas is the Sad-bhawna Shikhar ("Goodwill Peak"), which lies 752 metres (2,467 ft) above the sea level. Also known as the Kalumar peak or Kalumbe peak, it lies near
644:
The principal
Vindhya range forms the southern escarpment of the Central Indian upland. It runs roughly parallel to the Naramada river in the east-west direction, forming the southern wall of the
1159:
The Cyclopædia of India and of
Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial Industrial, and Scientific: Products of the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, Useful Arts and Manufactures
651:
The eastern portion of the Vindhyas comprises multiple chains, as the range divides into branches east of Malwa. A southern chain of Vindhyas runs between the upper reaches of the
795:
The Vindhyas are regarded as the traditional geographical boundary between northern and southern India, and have a distinguished status in both mythology and
892:, the King Rajahamsa of Magadha and his ministers create a new colony in the Vindhya forest, after being forced out of their kingdom following a war defeat.
523:, that is, India. The exact identification of these three ranges is difficult due to contrasting descriptions in the various texts. For example, the
441:. The term "Vindhyas" is defined by convention, and therefore, the exact definition of the Vindhya range has varied at different times in history.
827:) spread to the south of Vindhyas later, the Vindhyas continued to be seen as the traditional boundary between the north and the south of India.
606:
Today, the definition of the Vindhyas is primarily restricted to the Central Indian escarpments, hills and highlands located to the north of the
73:
295:(to obstruct) and is in reference to a mythological story. The Vindhya range is also known as "Vindhyachala" or "Vindhyachal"; the suffix
449:
425:
The Vindhyas do not form a single range in the proper geological sense: the hills collectively known as the Vindhyas do not lie along an
767:
1124:
1961:
1232:
A few brief Memoranda of some of the public services rendered by Lieut.-Colonel Outram, C. B.: Printed for private circulation
1790:
1763:
1736:
1692:
1665:
1633:
1606:
1556:
1509:
1479:
1424:
1397:
1341:
1288:
1261:
1193:
2431:
760:
135:
2421:
2416:
1078:
1048:
791:
in this map. Note that historically, the term "Vindhyas" covered the Satpura range that lies to the south of Narmada.
543:
Puranas mention the Rksa as its source. Some texts use the term Vindhyas to describe all the hills in Central India.
895:
1851:
2441:
944:
2217:
799:. In the ancient Indian texts, the Vindhyas are seen as the demarcating line between the territories of the
2436:
332:
are spoken south of the Vindhyas, the range continues to be considered as the traditional boundary between
66:
2426:
2271:
1358:
457:
Earlier, the term "Vindhyas" was used in a wider sense and included a number of hill ranges between the
1954:
1598:
Narmadāparikramā – Circumambulation of the Narmadā River: On the Tradition of a Unique Hindu Pilgrimage
2327:
1014:
735:
range rarely going over 700 metres (2,300 ft) during its 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) extent.
687:
is known as the Panna range. Another northern extension (known as the Vindhyachal hills) runs up to
2332:
1852:"The controversial "Cambrian" fossils of the Vindhyan are real but more than a billion years older"
1009:
465:. According to the various definitions mentioned in the older texts, the Vindhyas extend up to the
28:
17:
1780:
2391:
2386:
2356:
2322:
1921:
800:
583:
568:
229:
2317:
2281:
2079:
1157:
504:
1753:
1726:
1682:
1573:
1387:
1278:
1251:
2343:
2302:
2039:
1947:
1653:
1596:
1546:
1469:
1447:
1414:
1331:
1236:
1179:
803:
and that of the others. The most ancient Hindu texts consider it as the southern boundary of
750:(1,000 m+ or 3,300 ft+) in the Vindhyas, but today, it is considered a part of the
723:
1623:
370:) states that the Vindhyas once obstructed the path of the sun, resulting in this name. The
2115:
1866:
1110:
974:
414:
329:
284:
in the east. The average elevation of the Vindhyas is also dependent on different sources.
208:
915:
Several tributaries of the Ganga-Yamuna system originate from the Vindhyas. These include
8:
2376:
2371:
2361:
2312:
2248:
2243:
2162:
2089:
1304:
1185:
819:
tribes reside in the forests of the Vindhyas. Although the Indo-Aryan languages (such as
572:
512:
458:
1870:
2366:
2351:
2307:
2297:
2059:
1897:
1832:
888:
796:
325:
2381:
2177:
2014:
1902:
1884:
1836:
1786:
1759:
1732:
1688:
1661:
1649:
1629:
1602:
1552:
1505:
1475:
1420:
1393:
1337:
1312:
1284:
1257:
1230:
1189:
1074:
1044:
992:
836:
704:
562:. It further implies that the sea was located just to the south of the Vindhyas, and
2197:
2064:
1925:
1892:
1874:
1822:
1495:
1004:
971:
940:
824:
820:
590:
ruler Anantavarman mentions the Nagarjuni hill of Bihar as a part of the Vindhyas.
532:
508:
315:
1526:
1104:
2049:
1709:
1499:
1213:
1068:
1038:
812:
680:
676:
664:
507:) mention three mountain ranges in Central India: Vindhya (or "Vindhya proper"),
379:
341:
311:
1625:
Classic Legendary Hero Stories: Extraordinary Tales of Honor, Courage, and Valor
843:. The later texts describe the Vindhya range as the residence of fierce form of
433:
ridge. The Vindhya range is actually a group of discontinuous chain of mountain
2125:
2110:
2054:
2009:
1859:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1807:
904:
743:
638:
630:
622:
466:
462:
385:
The Vindhya range is also known as "Vindhyachala" or "Vindhyachal"; the suffix
320:
265:
234:
178:
571:, believe that there was another mountain in South India, with the same name.
480:, the term Vindhya specifically covers the mountain range located between the
405:
called the range Vindius or Ouindion, describing it as the source of Namados (
2410:
2238:
2212:
2034:
2024:
2004:
1999:
1991:
1888:
981:
950:
916:
856:
688:
607:
576:
540:
536:
528:
520:
496:
uses the name "Vindhya-pada" ("foot of the Vindhyas") for the Satpura range.
493:
489:
481:
318:. Several ancient texts mention the Vindhyas as the southern boundary of the
273:
261:
253:
204:
190:
88:
75:
1879:
1316:
1066:
602:
Map of prominent mountain ranges in India, showing Vindhyas in central India
2187:
2182:
2094:
1906:
924:
751:
719:
668:
656:
524:
470:
281:
182:
1939:
1929:
718:
is a plateau that lies to the north of the central part of the range. The
2276:
2172:
2146:
2044:
936:
928:
920:
864:
860:
808:
696:
684:
558:(Ramayana IV-46. 17), which is identified with a part of the present-day
485:
394:
337:
333:
1850:
Bengtson, S.; Belivanova, V.; Rasmussen, B.; Whitehouse, M. (May 2009).
746:, in the area known as Bhanrer or Panna hills. Historical texts include
260:
and its hilly extensions that runs north of and roughly parallel to the
2207:
2084:
2074:
2029:
1971:
1827:
1440:
1416:
Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna Waters: Advances in Development and Management
871:
747:
739:
660:
555:
438:
354:
257:
241:
155:
Topographic map of India showing the highest point of the Vindhya range
903:
The Vindhyas are one of the only two mountain ranges mentioned in the
413:) rivers. The "Daksinaparvata" ("Southern Mountain") mentioned in the
2069:
1985:
1849:
988:
954:
932:
899:
A map of the "Vindhyan Series" from Geological Survey of India (1871)
870:
According to one legend, the Vindhya mountain once competed with the
859:("Vindhya dweller"), and a temple dedicated to her is located in the
855:), who has lived there since slaying the demons. She is described as
804:
788:
783:
771:
672:
652:
634:
626:
618:
559:
426:
110:
1919:
947:. The northern slopes of the Vindhyas are drained by these rivers.
883:
832:
708:
629:
peninsula. A series of hills connects the Vindhya extension to the
587:
551:
430:
371:
359:
288:
116:
875:
816:
614:
547:
477:
406:
402:
376:
269:
186:
613:
The western end of the Vindhya range is located in the state of
2255:
2222:
2202:
2120:
1067:
Anura Goonasekera; Cees J. Hamelink; Venkat Iyer, eds. (2003).
984:
844:
700:
692:
36:
Series of mountain ranges and highlands in north-central India
2192:
2130:
1808:"Age of the Vindhyan Supergroup: A review of recent findings"
1574:"Influence of the Aryans upon the Aboriginal speech of India"
970:
The "Vindhyan Supergroup" is one of the largest and thickest
852:
840:
726:
plateaus are also collectively known as the Vindhya plateau.
645:
598:
563:
434:
410:
304:
277:
245:
237:
194:
168:
1728:
The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths
835:, they are described as the unknown territory infested with
2167:
848:
515:(or Paripatra). The three ranges are included in the seven
1778:
683:
of Bihar. The branch of the Vindhya range spanning across
663:. A northern chain of the Vindhyas continues eastwards as
53:
1412:
1181:
Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records
882:
The Kishkindha Kanda of Valmiki's Ramayana mentions that
499:
Several ancient Indian texts and inscriptions (e.g. the
1621:
874:, growing so high that it obstructed the sun. The sage
754:, which is considered as an extension of the Satpuras.
268:. Depending on the definition, the range extends up to
1920:
Rex Dalton & Killugudi Jayaraman (22 April 2009).
1276:
867:
mentions the Vindhyas as the "eternal abode" of Kali.
535:
Puranas mention Vindhya as the source of Tapti; while
1751:
1548:
Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure and Pilgrimage
1211:
1714:. Translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli. Bhārata Press.
1531:. Translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli. Bhārata Press.
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
655:
and Narmada rivers to meet the Satpura Range in the
610:. Some of these are actually distinct hill systems.
554:
describes Vindhya as being situated to the south of
1333:
The Indian Empire: Its People, History and Products
1303:
1102:
488:rivers; that is, the one which is now known as the
1656:. In John Stratton Hawley; Donna M. Wulff (eds.).
787:The Vindhyas are seen as the southern boundary of
1805:
1687:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 166.
1648:
1087:
675:. This extended range runs through what was once
2408:
1654:"Vindhyavasini: Local Goddess yet Great Goddess"
1494:
1467:
1364:. Public Works Department, Government of Gujarat
1922:"Indian fossil find resolves fraud accusations"
1177:
1036:
1540:
1538:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1207:
1205:
1155:
453:Vindhya range seen from Mandav, Madhya Pradesh
27:"Vindhya" redirects here. For other uses, see
1955:
1785:. Pearson Education India. pp. 323–326.
1249:
1125:"Sloka & Translation | Valmiki Ramayanam"
1724:
1674:
1413:Mahesh Chandra Chaturvedi (27 August 2012).
1323:
1228:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
965:
637:. The Vindhya range rises in height east of
256:. Today, the term principally refers to the
1969:
1745:
1642:
1615:
1594:
1565:
1535:
1392:. Discovery Publishing House. p. 209.
1376:
1329:
1280:Literary and Historical Studies in Indology
1270:
1253:Professor H.C. Raychaudhuri, as a Historian
1202:
1073:. Eastern Universities Press. p. 186.
959:
352:According to the author of a commentary on
1962:
1948:
1718:
1588:
1571:
1544:
1504:. Oxford University Press. p. xviii.
1461:
1406:
1256:. Northern Book Centre. pp. 128–130.
367:
310:The Vindhyas have a great significance in
1896:
1878:
1826:
1772:
1707:
1524:
1311:. Pune: Manohar Granthamala. p. 16.
1277:Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi (1 January 1975).
1142:
593:
444:
366:(to obstruct). A mythological story (see
1680:
1622:Stephen Vincent Brennan (January 2006).
1243:
1222:
894:
782:
778:
597:
448:
1356:
1162:. Bernard Quaritch. pp. 1017–1018.
14:
2409:
1731:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 124.
417:is also identified with the Vindhyas.
347:
228:
1943:
1782:Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2009
1779:Edgar Thorpe; Showick Thorpe (2008).
1173:
1171:
1169:
437:, hill ranges, highlands and plateau
393:(Hindi) refers to a mountain. In the
287:The word Vindhya is derived from the
240:, hill ranges, highlands and plateau
142:
1283:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 212.
1062:
1060:
1032:
1030:
886:built a mansion in the Vindhyas. In
358:, the word Vindhya derives from the
1806:Jyotiranjan S Ray (February 2006).
1755:Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas
1660:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 49.
1235:. Smith Elder and Company. p.
1106:The Mégha dúta; or, Cloud messenger
397:, the range is also referred to as
344:was named after the Vindhya Range.
24:
1684:Shakti: Realm of the Divine Mother
1166:
25:
2453:
1758:. Sarup & Sons. p. 871.
1628:. Globe Pequot Press. p. 5.
1070:Cultural Rights in a Global World
1057:
1027:
907:, the other being the Himalayas.
1551:. Indus Publishing. p. 32.
1501:A Concise History of South India
759:
691:, stopping before the shores of
575:placed the location of Lanka in
141:
134:
52:
1913:
1843:
1815:Journal of Earth System Science
1799:
1701:
1518:
1488:
1433:
1350:
1297:
1218:. Clarendon Press. p. 316.
617:, near the state's border with
324:, the territory of the ancient
1752:Swami Parmeshwaranand (2001).
1474:. APH Publishing. p. 15.
1212:William Wilson Hunter (1908).
1117:
695:at multiple places, including
233:) is a complex, discontinuous
13:
1:
2218:Protected areas in Tamil Nadu
1359:"Physical Geology of Gujarat"
1040:Myths and Traditions in India
1020:
625:, at the eastern side of the
511:(also Rksavat or Riksha) and
1528:The Mahabharata (12.58.3211)
1103:Kalidasa, HH Wilson (1843).
729:
7:
2432:Landforms of Madhya Pradesh
2272:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1584:. Jameson & Morse: 122.
1215:Imperial Gazetteer of India
998:
863:town of Uttar Pradesh. The
648:plateau in Madhya Pradesh.
10:
2458:
671:, which runs north of the
115:"Obstructor" or "Hunter" (
26:
2341:
2290:
2264:
2231:
2155:
2139:
2103:
1978:
1711:The Mahabharata (4.6.232)
1681:Vanamali (21 July 2008).
1468:K. Sankaran Unni (1996).
1419:. CRC Press. p. 19.
1389:Human Geography: The Land
1336:. Routledge. p. 35.
1015:Central Highlands (India)
966:Geology and palaeontology
910:
420:
307:) refers to a mountain.
200:
174:
164:
128:
123:
109:
104:
65:
60:
51:
46:
41:
2422:Ancient Indian mountains
2417:Mountain ranges of India
1658:Devī: Goddesses of India
1578:The American Antiquarian
1471:Ecology of River Narmada
1178:PK Bhattacharya (1977).
1037:Prabhakar Patil (2004).
1010:Geology of the Himalayas
905:national anthem of India
584:Barabar Cave inscription
29:Vindhya (disambiguation)
1880:10.1073/pnas.0812460106
1386:Pradeep Sharma (2007).
1156:Edward Balfour (1885).
569:Frederick Eden Pargiter
401:. The Greek geographer
382:inhabiting the region.
2282:Atolls of the Maldives
2080:Chittagong Hill Tracts
1250:Harihar Panda (2007).
1129:www.valmiki.iitk.ac.in
960:Historical definitions
900:
792:
770:Vindhyas as seen from
603:
594:Present-day definition
519:("clan mountains") of
505:Gautamiputra Satakarni
454:
445:Historical definitions
2442:Mountains in Buddhism
1930:10.1038/news.2009.383
1725:Roshen Dalal (2014).
1601:. BRILL. p. 20.
1229:James Outram (1853).
898:
786:
779:Cultural significance
679:, reaching up to the
601:
469:in the south and the
452:
89:23.46667°N 79.74028°E
47:Vindhyachal, Vindhyas
1595:Jürgen Neuß (2012).
1441:"Places of Interest"
1330:W.W. Hunter (2013).
415:Kaushitaki Upanishad
330:Indo-Aryan languages
209:Chota Nagpur Plateau
189:, Southern parts of
2437:Geography of Ujjain
2163:Indo-Gangetic plain
1871:2009PNAS..106.7729B
1572:John Avery (1880).
1545:M.S. Kohli (2002).
1305:Madhav Vinayak Kibe
1186:Motilal Banarsidass
1043:. BPI. p. 75.
980:The earliest known
573:Madhav Vinayak Kibe
459:Indo-Gangetic plain
348:Etymology and names
85: /
2427:Geography of Malwa
2090:Gandhamardan Hills
2060:Sulaiman Mountains
1828:10.1007/BF02703031
1708:Ved Vyasa (1886).
1525:Ved Vyasa (1886).
1188:. pp. 60–69.
901:
889:Dashakumaracharita
811:mentions that the
797:geography of India
793:
716:Vindhyan tableland
604:
455:
399:Vindhyapadaparvata
326:Indo-Aryan peoples
280:in the north, and
230:[ʋɪnd̪ʱjə]
94:23.46667; 79.74028
61:Highest point
2404:
2403:
2178:Indus River Delta
1865:(19): 7729–7734.
1792:978-81-317-2300-5
1765:978-81-7625-226-3
1738:978-81-8475-396-7
1694:978-1-59477-785-1
1667:978-81-208-1491-2
1650:Cynthia Ann Humes
1635:978-1-59228-872-4
1608:978-90-04-22857-3
1558:978-81-7387-135-1
1511:978-0-19-809977-2
1481:978-81-7024-765-4
1426:978-1-4398-7376-2
1399:978-81-8356-290-4
1343:978-1-136-38301-4
1309:Location of Lanka
1290:978-81-208-0417-3
1263:978-81-7211-210-3
1195:978-81-208-3394-4
993:filamentous algae
705:Mirzapur District
409:) and Nanagouna (
328:. Although today
235:chain of mountain
214:
213:
16:(Redirected from
2449:
2198:Coromandel Coast
2065:Toba Kakar Range
1994:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1917:
1911:
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1585:
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1562:
1542:
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1522:
1516:
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1496:Noboru Karashima
1492:
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1485:
1465:
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1458:
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1454:
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1430:
1410:
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1327:
1321:
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1301:
1295:
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1200:
1199:
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1164:
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1135:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1100:
1085:
1084:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1034:
1005:Geology of India
763:
546:In one passage,
380:hunter-gatherers
312:Indian mythology
244:in west-central
232:
227:
145:
144:
138:
100:
99:
97:
96:
95:
90:
86:
83:
82:
81:
78:
56:
39:
38:
21:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2337:
2286:
2260:
2227:
2151:
2135:
2099:
2050:Anaimalai Hills
1990:
1974:
1968:
1938:
1937:
1918:
1914:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1723:
1719:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1593:
1589:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1543:
1536:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1384:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1328:
1324:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1248:
1244:
1227:
1223:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1176:
1167:
1154:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1101:
1088:
1081:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1035:
1028:
1023:
1001:
968:
913:
781:
776:
775:
774:
769:
764:
732:
681:Kaimur district
677:Vindhya Pradesh
665:Bhander Plateau
596:
447:
423:
350:
342:Vindhya Pradesh
225:
220:(also known as
160:
159:
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
151:
150:
146:
93:
91:
87:
84:
79:
76:
74:
72:
71:
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2455:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2126:Mysore Plateau
2123:
2121:Ladakh Plateau
2118:
2113:
2111:Deccan Plateau
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2055:Cardamom Hills
2052:
2047:
2042:
2040:Himachal Range
2037:
2035:Shivalik Hills
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:Aravalli Range
2007:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1912:
1842:
1821:(1): 149–160.
1798:
1791:
1771:
1764:
1744:
1737:
1717:
1700:
1693:
1673:
1666:
1641:
1634:
1614:
1607:
1587:
1564:
1557:
1534:
1517:
1510:
1487:
1480:
1460:
1432:
1425:
1405:
1398:
1375:
1349:
1342:
1322:
1296:
1289:
1269:
1262:
1242:
1221:
1201:
1194:
1165:
1141:
1116:
1086:
1079:
1056:
1049:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1000:
997:
977:in the world.
967:
964:
912:
909:
780:
777:
766:
765:
758:
757:
756:
744:Damoh district
731:
728:
639:Chhota Udaipur
631:Aravalli Range
623:Madhya Pradesh
595:
592:
501:Nasik Prasasti
473:in the north.
463:Deccan Plateau
446:
443:
422:
419:
389:(Sanskrit) or
349:
346:
299:(Sanskrit) or
266:Madhya Pradesh
212:
211:
202:
198:
197:
179:Madhya Pradesh
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
154:
148:
147:
140:
139:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
126:
125:
121:
120:
113:
107:
106:
102:
101:
69:
63:
62:
58:
57:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2454:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2239:Coastal India
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:Rann of Kutch
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:Satpura Range
2023:
2021:
2020:Vindhya Range
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:Eastern Ghats
2003:
2001:
2000:Western Ghats
1998:
1993:
1992:Mount Everest
1989:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:Geography of
1965:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1677:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1637:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1541:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1380:
1360:
1357:VN Kulkarni.
1353:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1292:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1206:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1082:
1080:9789812102355
1076:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1050:9788186982792
1046:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
986:
983:
982:multicellular
978:
976:
973:
963:
961:
956:
952:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
908:
906:
897:
893:
891:
890:
885:
880:
877:
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
857:Vindhyavasini
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
790:
785:
773:
768:
762:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
736:
727:
725:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
689:Uttar Pradesh
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
608:Narmada River
600:
591:
589:
585:
580:
578:
577:Central India
574:
570:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:Bharatavarsha
518:
517:Kula Parvatas
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
495:
494:Varaha Purana
491:
490:Satpura Range
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
451:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
378:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
345:
343:
340:. The former
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
274:Uttar Pradesh
272:in the west,
271:
267:
263:
262:Narmada River
259:
255:
254:Satpura Range
249:
247:
243:
239:
236:
231:
223:
219:
218:Vindhya Range
210:
206:
205:Satpura Range
203:
199:
196:
192:
191:Uttar Pradesh
188:
184:
180:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
149:Vindhya Range
137:
127:
122:
118:
114:
112:
108:
103:
98:
70:
68:
64:
59:
55:
50:
45:
42:Vindhya Range
40:
34:
30:
19:
2392:Southeastern
2387:Southwestern
2367:Northeastern
2357:Northwestern
2188:Ganges Delta
2183:Ganges Basin
2173:Indus Valley
2116:Chota Nagpur
2095:Lushai Hills
2019:
1915:
1862:
1858:
1845:
1818:
1814:
1801:
1781:
1774:
1754:
1747:
1727:
1720:
1710:
1703:
1683:
1676:
1657:
1644:
1624:
1617:
1597:
1590:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1547:
1527:
1520:
1500:
1490:
1470:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1435:
1415:
1408:
1388:
1366:. Retrieved
1352:
1332:
1325:
1308:
1299:
1279:
1272:
1252:
1245:
1231:
1224:
1214:
1180:
1158:
1132:. Retrieved
1128:
1119:
1105:
1069:
1039:
979:
969:
949:
914:
902:
887:
881:
869:
829:
794:
752:Maikal Range
737:
733:
715:
713:
669:Kaimur Range
657:Maikal Hills
650:
643:
612:
605:
581:
545:
516:
500:
498:
475:
456:
424:
398:
390:
386:
384:
363:
353:
351:
319:
309:
300:
296:
292:
286:
282:Chhattisgarh
250:
221:
217:
215:
183:Chhattisgarh
33:
2333:Afghanistan
2277:Lakshadweep
2147:Thar Desert
2045:Khasi Hills
1109:. pp.
975:successions
972:sedimentary
865:Mahabharata
861:Vindhyachal
809:Mahabharata
801:Indo-Aryans
697:Vindhyachal
685:Bundelkhand
476:In certain
439:escarpments
395:Mahabharata
338:south India
242:escarpments
222:Vindhyachal
92: /
67:Coordinates
2411:Categories
2323:Bangladesh
2291:By country
2249:West Coast
2244:East Coast
2208:Sundarbans
2085:Naga Hills
2075:Hindu Kush
2030:Garo Hills
1972:South Asia
1924:. Nature.
1021:References
989:eukaryotes
941:Kali Sindh
872:Mount Meru
815:and other
748:Amarkantak
740:Singrampur
661:Amarkantak
556:Kishkindha
427:anticlinal
355:Amarakosha
258:escarpment
226:pronounced
201:Borders on
80:79°44′25″E
2318:Sri Lanka
2070:Karakoram
1986:Himalayas
1979:Mountains
1889:0027-8424
1837:129093679
879:further.
847:(goddess
837:cannibals
805:Aryavarta
789:Aryavarta
772:Bhimbetka
730:Elevation
673:Son River
635:Champaner
627:Kathiawar
619:Rajasthan
560:Karnataka
533:Brahmanda
513:Pariyatra
431:synclinal
321:Āryāvarta
124:Geography
111:Etymology
77:23°28′0″N
2377:Southern
2372:Littoral
2362:Northern
2328:Maldives
2303:Pakistan
2156:Lowlands
2104:Plateaus
2015:Nilgiris
1907:19416859
1652:(1998).
1498:(2014).
1317:33286332
1307:(1947).
999:See also
962:above).
833:Ramayana
813:Nishadas
709:Varanasi
707:), near
588:Maukhari
552:Ramayana
484:and the
467:Godavari
461:and the
372:Ramayana
360:Sanskrit
289:Sanskrit
117:Sanskrit
18:Vindhyan
2352:Central
2265:Islands
2140:Deserts
1898:2683128
1867:Bibcode
1453:20 June
1368:20 June
1134:2 April
985:fossils
951:Narmada
945:Parbati
917:Chambal
876:Agastya
825:Konkani
821:Marathi
817:Mleccha
742:in the
615:Gujarat
586:of the
548:Valmiki
482:Narmada
478:Puranas
407:Narmada
403:Ptolemy
316:history
270:Gujarat
187:Gujarat
165:Country
2382:Island
2344:region
2313:Bhutan
2256:Makran
2232:Coasts
2223:Makran
2203:Konkan
1905:
1895:
1887:
1835:
1789:
1762:
1735:
1691:
1664:
1632:
1605:
1555:
1508:
1478:
1423:
1396:
1340:
1315:
1287:
1260:
1192:
1077:
1047:
925:Dhasan
911:Rivers
845:Shakti
841:demons
807:. The
701:Chunar
541:Brahma
537:Vishnu
529:Matsya
492:. The
471:Ganges
435:ridges
421:Extent
387:achala
377:tribal
364:vaindh
297:achala
293:vaindh
238:ridges
175:States
105:Naming
2308:Nepal
2298:India
2193:Terai
2131:Malwa
1855:(PDF)
1833:S2CID
1811:(PDF)
1448:Hatta
1362:(PDF)
937:Tamsa
929:Sunar
921:Betwa
853:Durga
724:Panna
693:Ganga
659:near
646:Malwa
633:near
564:Lanka
525:Kurma
486:Tapti
411:Tapti
391:achal
368:below
362:word
334:north
305:Hindi
301:achal
291:word
278:Bihar
246:India
195:Bihar
169:India
2168:Doab
1903:PMID
1885:ISSN
1787:ISBN
1760:ISBN
1733:ISBN
1689:ISBN
1662:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1553:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1455:2014
1445:DIET
1421:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1370:2014
1338:ISBN
1313:OCLC
1285:ISBN
1258:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1136:2018
1113:–20.
1075:ISBN
1045:ISBN
953:and
943:and
884:Maya
849:Kali
839:and
823:and
720:Rewa
714:The
699:and
667:and
621:and
582:The
539:and
531:and
509:Rksa
336:and
314:and
276:and
216:The
207:and
193:and
2342:By
1926:doi
1893:PMC
1875:doi
1863:106
1823:doi
1819:115
987:of
955:Son
933:Ken
851:or
653:Son
550:'s
503:of
429:or
264:in
224:) (
2413::
1901:.
1891:.
1883:.
1873:.
1861:.
1857:.
1831:.
1817:.
1813:.
1580:.
1576:.
1537:^
1443:.
1378:^
1237:31
1204:^
1184:.
1168:^
1144:^
1127:.
1111:19
1089:^
1059:^
1029:^
939:,
935:,
931:,
923:,
919:,
711:.
641:.
579:.
527:,
248:.
185:,
181:,
1963:e
1956:t
1949:v
1932:.
1928::
1909:.
1877::
1869::
1839:.
1825::
1795:.
1768:.
1741:.
1697:.
1670:.
1638:.
1611:.
1582:3
1561:.
1514:.
1484:.
1457:.
1429:.
1402:.
1372:.
1346:.
1319:.
1293:.
1266:.
1239:.
1198:.
1138:.
1083:.
1053:.
991:(
927:,
722:-
703:(
303:(
119:)
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
