702:
679:
108:
36:
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in Paris. It's unclear how the plant first arrived in Paris and the details of its origins in
Madagascar beyond reports of its transport from Madagascar by early European explorers. Vincristine was initially distributed at cost to increase accessibility, though later switched to a for-profit model to
1306:
has a documented history in folk medicine treatments in other locations. In 1963, Lilly researchers acknowledged that the plant was used in Brazil to treat hemorrhage, scurvy, toothaches, and chronic wounds; in the
British West Indies to treat diabetic ulcers; and in the Philippines and South Africa
1342:
In 2003 two
Australian oncology pharmacists recommended a solution. The suggested procedure is to prepare and administer vincristine in a small volume mini-bag rather than a syringe thus physically preventing the vincristine syringe being accidentally attached to a spinal needle. Acceptance of this
1028:
Vincristine-induced neuropathy is the main dose-limiting side effect. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy can be severe, and may be a reason to reduce or avoid using vincristine. The symptoms are progressive and enduring tingling numbness, pain and hypersensitivity to cold, beginning in the
45:
1330:
recover the costs of production and development. According to
Michael Brown, vincristine may not be a tidy example of pharmaceutical bioprospecting, but it demonstrates how pharmaceuticals with a history of use in folk medicine have intellectual property claims which are difficult to untangle.
1064:
and administration of protective medications. Children may do better following this injury. One child, who was aggressively treated at the time of the injection, recovered almost completely with only mild neurological deficits. A significant series of inadvertent intrathecal vincristine
1338:
Vincristine has been involved in a number of medical errors. Multiple instances of vincristine having been administered improperly, after having been confused with other drugs, have occurred. If delivered into the spine (intrathecal) it causes paralysis and usually death.
1138:
in the vinca plant. It can also now be synthesized through a stereocontrolled total synthesis technique which retains the correct stereochemistry at C18' and C2'. The absolute stereochemistry at these carbons is responsible for vincristine's anticancer activity.
1116:
production and maturation. A downside, however, to vincristine is that it does not only affect the division of cancer cells. It affects all rapidly dividing cell types, making it necessary for the very specific administration of the drug.
2453:
1129:
is produced at a percent yield of less than 0.0003%. For this reason, alternate methods to produce synthetic vincristine are being used. Vincristine is created through the semi-synthesis coupling of indole alkaloids
2763:
109:
888:
Most people experience some side effects from vincristine treatment. Commonly it causes a change in sensation, hair loss, constipation, difficulty walking, and headaches. Serious side effects may include
2445:
2733:
2000:"Total synthesis of vinblastine, related natural products, and key analogues and development of inspired methodology suitable for the systematic study of their structure-function properties"
1060:, accompanied by intractable pain, almost uniformly leading to death. Several patients have survived after aggressive and immediate intervention. Rescue treatments consist of washout of the
1259:. In 2019 Teva stopped producing vincristine, leaving Pfizer as the only company in production. Teva has said that they will restart production, and expect it to be available in 2020.
285:
1317:
and the plant's use in folk remedies suggested general bioactivity for diabetes treatment, not cancer. In the mid-eighteenth century, botanist Judith Sumner recorded the arrival of
1575:
Chotsampancharoen T, Sripornsawan P, Wongchanchailert M (5 December 2015). "Two Fatal Cases of
Accidental Intrathecal Vincristine Administration: Learning from Death Events".
1150:
associated with it. Liposome encapsulation increases vincristine's plasma concentration and circulation lifetime in the body, and allows the drug to enter cells more easily.
2760:
1381:
cancer drugs. Their research focused on the wild collection of periwinkle roots and leaves from roadsides and fields and its industrial cultivation on large farms.
1267:
In
October 2019 an impending shortage was reported; no adequate substitute is known for treating childhood-cancers. By 2022, the shortage of vincristine continued.
4513:
2256:
1512:
4692:
1351:
In 2012, the FDA approved a liposomal formulation of vincristine branded as
Marqibo. Marqibo was voluntarily withdrawn from the US market in November, 2021.
240:
1984:
4672:
2734:"Acrotech Biopharma LLC; Withdrawal of Approval of New Drug Application for MARQIBO (VinCRIStine Sulfate LIPOSOME Injection), 5 milligrams/5 milliliters"
1234:
Production of vincristine required one ton of dried periwinkle leaves to produce one ounce of vincristine. The periwinkle was grown on a ranch in Texas.
1758:
2782:
Contribution a l'etude de la producition de la pervenche de
Madagascar ou Catharanthus roseus, Cas d' Ambovombe, d'Amboasary-sud, de Beloha et Tsihombe
829:
2661:
4677:
2925:
1436:
2828:
1784:
Graf WD, Chance PF, Lensch MW, Eng LJ, Lipe HP, Bird TD (April 1996). "Severe vincristine neuropathy in
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A".
138:
1898:
Qweider M, Gilsbach JM, Rohde V (March 2007). "Inadvertent intrathecal vincristine administration: a neurosurgical emergency. Case report".
1797:
4573:
3625:
785:
3454:
3434:
3419:
1646:
1048:
administration) is highly dangerous, with a mortality rate approaching 100 percent. The medical literature documents cases of ascending
1010:
1231:
where it was demonstrated that vincristine cured artificially induced leukemia in mice and remission of acute leukemias of childhood.
1933:
Zaragoza MR, Ritchey ML, Walter A (January 1995). "Neurourologic consequences of accidental intrathecal vincristine: a case report".
1553:
1088:
pump (Pgp). There is an attempt to overcome resistance by the addition of derivatives and substituents to the vincristine molecule.
2893:
2677:
1406:
3841:
4601:
2918:
2526:
1077:(both often used intrathecally) manufactured by the company Shanghai Hualian were found to be contaminated with vincristine.
917:
1100:
protein, stopping the tubulin dimers from polymerizing to form microtubules, causing the cell to be unable to separate its
1876:
4208:
998:
994:
4697:
3360:
3316:
3194:
2252:
836:
189:
2903:
3119:
2295:
2055:
1640:
1504:
805:
2108:"Marqibo (vincristine sulfate liposome injection) improves the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vincristine"
1164:
contained over 120 alkaloids, many of which are biologically active, the two most significant being vincristine and
4618:
2911:
2788:(in French). Antananarivo, Madagascar: Universityersité d'Antananarivo, Ecole Superieur des Sciences Agronomiques.
1474:
1180:. It was not found to be anti-diabetic in double blinded controlled studies. While initial studies for its use in
3635:
2703:
412:
270:
170:
2071:
Jordan MA (January 2002). "Mechanism of action of antitumor drugs that interact with microtubules and tubulin".
1029:
hands and feet and sometimes affecting the arms and legs. One of the first symptoms of peripheral neuropathy is
4254:
3256:
3146:
2446:"Eli Lilly engineers developed a life-saving drug from the leaves of the periwinkle plant. – Treating Diabetes"
1146:
encapsulation of vincristine enhances the efficacy of the vincristine drug while simultaneously decreasing the
793:
CC1(C2C(C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)78CCN97(C=CC9)(((8N6C=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O
2799:
Neimark, Benjamin (2009). "At the "Pharm" gate: The case study of the rosy periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)".
1770:
527:
4176:
4159:
4034:
3798:
3176:
2527:"Medical Middlemen: Broken system making it harder for hospitals and patients to get some life-saving drugs"
3908:
3504:
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2709:
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1428:
1220:
966:
697:
578:
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1034:
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647:
3500:
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2353:
1158:
Having been used as a folk remedy for centuries, studies in the 1950s revealed that the rosy periwinkle
4637:
3290:
1302:
to be endemic to
Madagascar, and that Madagascar was denied royalties from vincristine sales. However,
910:
866:
3395:
2562:
2501:
2412:
2378:
460:-3,7-methanoazacycloundecinoindol-9-yl)-6-formyl-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3a,3a1,4,5,5a,6,11,12-octahydro-1
4476:
4356:
4346:
2548:
Tales of a Shaman's Apprentice: An Ethnobotanist Searches for New Medicines in the Amazon Rain Forest
1829:"Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy is driven by canonical NLRP3 activation and IL-1β release"
1688:
1660:
1370:
1192:, whose lifespan was prolonged by the use of a vinca preparation. Treatment of the ground plant with
1482:
1377:
and its export as a natural source of the alkaloids used to make vincristine, vinblastine and other
4667:
4528:
4461:
4431:
4049:
3299:
1968:
674:
1505:"Oncovin, Vincasar PFS (vincristine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
4687:
4606:
4331:
4046:
3532:
3380:
3307:
2272:"Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Analysis of Liposomal Formulations of Vincristine"
942:
226:
120:
2898:
2780:
2155:
Morris PG, Fornier MN (November 2008). "Microtubule active agents: beyond the taxane frontier".
4411:
4401:
4134:
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882:
870:
354:
346:
2802:
Industrial Heartlands of Nature: The Political Economy of Biological Prospecting in Madagascar
1976:
1630:
1216:
and benzene, and separation by pH using extraction with various buffers to yield vincristine.
627:
3683:
3330:
1322:
1314:
1224:
958:
946:
518:
2612:"Inadvertent intrathecal administration of vincristine: Time to finally abolish the syringe"
1827:
Starobova H, Monteleone M, Adolphe C, Batoon L, Sandrock CJ, Tay B, et al. (May 2021).
4081:
3958:
3479:
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148:
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8:
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2476:
1716:
van de Velde ME, Kaspers GL, Abbink FC, Wilhelm AJ, Ket JC, van den Berg MH (June 2017).
1294:
1160:
1061:
954:
926:
473:
233:
2279:
2271:
1718:"Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy in children with cancer: A systematic review"
701:
678:
482:
3424:
2933:
2848:
2829:"Green grabbing at the 'pharm' gate: rosy periwinkle production in southern Madagascar"
2641:
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1999:
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2011:
1942:
1907:
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1793:
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1696:
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1374:
1185:
1168:. Its use as an anti-tumor, anti-mutagenic agent is well documented in the ancient
890:
714:
332:
253:
62:
2168:
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3954:
3745:
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1632:
The evolution of drug discovery : from traditional medicines to modern drugs
1209:
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507:
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2207:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1972:
1378:
1354:
A nano-particle bound version of vincristine was under development as of 2014.
1333:
1281:
1227:. The drug was initially developed by a team at Lilly Research Laboratories in
1205:
1085:
1053:
970:
921:
2808:. New Brunswick: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. p. 70-112.
2123:
4661:
4486:
4446:
3816:
3689:
3570:
3513:
3271:
3220:
2628:
2611:
2502:"Faced With a Drug Shortfall, Doctors Scramble to Treat Children With Cancer"
2339:
2084:
1911:
1798:
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960401)77:7<1356::AID-CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-#
1693:
World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021)
1596:
1574:
1299:
1289:
1197:
1147:
1135:
1057:
978:
902:
878:
690:
2219:
813:
InChI=1S/C46H56N4O10/c1-7-42(55)22-28-23-45(40(53)58-5,36-30(14-18-48(24-28)
27:
4533:
4497:
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3674:
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3654:
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3575:
3528:
3414:
3281:
3261:
3190:
3139:
3129:
2943:
2935:
2637:
2581:
2431:
2397:
2305:
2238:
2176:
2141:
2092:
2033:
1946:
1919:
1862:
1743:
1665:
World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
1604:
1248:
1228:
1074:
1018:
1014:
982:
858:
248:
1954:
1805:
4578:
4558:
4543:
4538:
4523:
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4054:
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3783:
3754:
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3702:
3553:
3538:
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3404:
3335:
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3209:
3204:
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3124:
3067:
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3007:
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2972:
2328:
International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
2270:
Waterhouse DN, Madden TD, Cullis PR, Bally MB, Mayer LD, Webb MS (2005).
1844:
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939:
156:
20:
1701:
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4115:
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4002:
3997:
3935:
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3759:
3707:
3694:
3663:
3596:
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3558:
3548:
3543:
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3444:
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3199:
3151:
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3110:
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3002:
2800:
1213:
1173:
1101:
1070:
986:
962:
894:
747:
558:
2196:
2194:
2015:
1588:
1188:(decreased activity of the bone marrow) led to its study in mice with
4583:
4563:
4518:
4508:
4502:
4406:
4351:
4300:
4224:
4214:
4169:
4156:
4097:
4059:
3987:
3925:
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3855:
3811:
3768:
3727:
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3717:
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3601:
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3523:
3484:
3459:
3449:
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3055:
3045:
3040:
3035:
2997:
2813:
1131:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1049:
1030:
989:
to treat childhood leukemia. Vincristine is occasionally used as an
898:
493:
394:
142:
1223:(FDA) in July 1963 under the trade name Oncovin and was marketed by
456:)-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-9-(methoxycarbonyl)-2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydro-1
44:
4492:
4456:
4396:
4164:
4102:
3882:
3778:
3750:
3429:
3266:
2531:
2191:
1307:
as an oral hypoglycemic agent – but not as a treatment for cancer.
1204:
extraction, provided an active fraction. This fraction was further
1189:
1169:
1143:
1038:
1022:
950:
607:
538:
184:
2704:"Drug Approval Package: Marqibo (vincristine sulfate) NDA #202497"
770:
3385:
3286:
3100:
2961:
2561:
Johnson IS, Armstrong JG, Gorman M, Burnett JP (September 1963).
2411:
Johnson IS, Armstrong JG, Gorman M, Burnett JP (September 1963).
2377:
Johnson IS, Armstrong JG, Gorman M, Burnett JP (September 1963).
2200:
1201:
1097:
1826:
1715:
1037:(CMT) should avoid vincristine. A 2021 study has suggested that
3025:
2201:
Kuboyama T, Yokoshima S, Tokuyama H, Fukuyama T (August 2004).
1256:
1193:
1044:
Accidental injection of vinca alkaloids into the spinal canal (
862:
638:
374:
370:
95:
35:
2560:
2410:
2376:
1066:
761:
618:
1635:(1. Aufl. ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 157–159.
1334:
Vincristine and confusion with other drugs in administration
663:
2269:
1251:
makers were suppliers of vincristine in the United States:
598:
1687:
1659:
86:
71:
1877:"Chemotherapy with fewer side effects may be on the way"
1677:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
2599:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 136–38.
918:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
2563:"The Vinca Alkaloids: A New Class of Oncolytic Agents"
2413:"The Vinca Alkaloids: A New Class of Oncolytic Agents"
2379:"The Vinca Alkaloids: A New Class of Oncolytic Agents"
4635:
2203:"Stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-vincristine"
1932:
1552:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1033:: A person with a family history of foot drop and/or
916:
Vincristine was first isolated in 1961. It is on the
98:
89:
80:
74:
2474:
1897:
1391:
961:
as part of MOPP, COPP, BEACOPP, or the less popular
924:
that can be obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle
92:
83:
68:
2048:
Anticancer Drugs Targeting Tubulin and Microtubules
1783:
1280:Vincristine's origins are debated as an example of
977:. It is also used to induce remission in ALL with
526:
77:
65:
897:which increases the risk of infection. Use during
2894:Description and Natural History of the Periwinkle
2778:
2278:. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 391. pp.
2105:
1313:has been a cosmopolitan species since before the
1298:plant from which vincristine is derived, and its
1184:were disappointing, the discovery that it caused
4659:
2761:Bind Therapeutics conference call of Nov 6, 2014
2321:"A brief study on Catharanthus Roseus: A review"
1275:
506:
2073:Current Medicinal Chemistry. Anti-Cancer Agents
1967:
973:as well as the chemotherapy regimen VDC-IE for
481:
1977:"Tainted Drugs Tied to Maker of Abortion Pill"
1172:system of medicine and in the folk culture of
861:medication used to treat a number of types of
4693:World Health Organization essential medicines
2919:
2154:
1759:"Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy"
1080:The overuse of vincristine may also lead to
188:
2318:
1125:The natural extraction of vincristine from
1096:Vincristine works partly by binding to the
4673:Commercialization of traditional medicines
2926:
2912:
2550:. New York: Penguin Books. pp. 15–16.
1997:
1869:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1011:chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
700:
677:
566:
16:Chemical compound; chemotherapy medication
2627:
2228:
2218:
2131:
2023:
1879:. University of Queensland. 15 March 2021
1852:
1820:
1733:
1700:
1672:
1624:
1622:
1472:
1009:The main side effects of vincristine are
885:among others. It is given intravenously.
586:
4678:Drugs developed by Eli Lilly and Company
2106:Silverman JA, Deitcher SR (March 2013).
2040:
1756:
2826:
2798:
2779:Andriamanalintsoa, Jean Joseph (1995).
2545:
1722:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
1527:
1479:Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference
673:
546:
161:
4660:
2609:
2070:
1681:
1653:
1628:
1619:
1481:. Pharmaceutical Press. Archived from
1237:
1091:
691:
303:
2907:
2616:Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice
2594:
2499:
2456:from the original on 8 September 2017
1695:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1667:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1473:Brayfield A, ed. (13 December 2013).
949:. Its main uses are in non-Hodgkin's
907:stopping cells from dividing properly
646:
626:
316:
179:
147:
2884:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
2112:Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology
1987:from the original on March 26, 2017.
1833:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1439:from the original on 8 December 2015
1409:from the original on 9 November 2014
1112:. The vincristine molecule inhibits
953:as part of the chemotherapy regimen
252:
3195:ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors
2475:Teva Pharmaceuticals (2019-11-13).
1750:
1219:Vincristine was approved by the US
999:idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
995:thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
909:. It is vital that it not be given
606:
497:
13:
3361:Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor
3317:Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor
2678:"Marqibo- vincristine sulfate kit"
2319:Mishra JN, Verma NK (March 2017).
2253:"Pharmacognosy of Vinca Alkaloids"
1515:from the original on 16 April 2014
1497:
853:and marketed under the brand name
464:-indolizinocarbazole-5-carboxylate
345:n/a (not reliably absorbed by the
125:Oncovin, Vincasar, Marqibo, others
14:
4709:
3120:Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
2870:
1998:Sears JE, Boger DL (March 2015).
1451:
444:)-Methyl 4-acetoxy-3a-ethyl-9-((5
279:
211:
4645:
2899:The Boger Route to (−)-Vindoline
2259:from the original on 2012-01-06.
1735:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.04.004
1649:from the original on 2017-08-01.
731:
725:
389:19 to 155 hours (mean: 85 hours)
61:
43:
34:
2820:
2792:
2772:
2754:
2726:
2696:
2670:
2652:
2603:
2588:
2554:
2539:
2519:
2493:
2468:
2438:
2404:
2370:
2346:
2312:
2263:
2245:
2148:
2099:
2064:
1991:
1961:
1926:
1891:
1777:
1709:
1556:from the original on 2015-01-02
1343:safer procedure has been slow.
1004:
933:
818:Key:OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N
399:Faeces (70–80%), urine (10–20%)
3257:Thymidylate synthase inhibitor
3147:Thymidylate synthase inhibitor
2833:The Journal of Peasant Studies
1935:Medical and Pediatric Oncology
1900:Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine
1421:
1270:
737:
719:
292:
1:
3177:Adenosine deaminase inhibitor
3018:Block microtubule disassembly
2659:FDA press release Aug 9, 2012
2288:10.1016/s0076-6879(05)91002-1
2169:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0169
2004:Accounts of Chemical Research
1384:
1282:pharmaceutical bioprospecting
1276:Pharmaceutical bioprospecting
1196:(hexane), followed by dilute
938:Vincristine is delivered via
2845:10.1080/03066150.2012.666975
2710:Food and Drug Administration
2500:Rabin RC (14 October 2019).
2477:"pic.twitter.com/gTY8Jga1kv"
2354:"Africa's gift to the world"
1757:del Pino BM (Feb 23, 2010).
1242:
1221:Food and Drug Administration
1120:
993:, for example, in treating
969:(ALL), and in treatment for
967:acute lymphoblastic leukemia
945:for use in various types of
7:
2889:Vincristine and vinblastine
1346:
1262:
1065:administration occurred in
1041:can reduce the neuropathy.
1035:Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
10:
4714:
1705:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
1365:studied the production of
1357:In 1995 and 2006 Malagasy
1153:
1108:. The cell then undergoes
985:, and in combination with
867:acute lymphocytic leukemia
709:Chemical and physical data
18:
4698:Drugs developed by Pfizer
4596:
4477:Omacetaxine mepesuccinate
4357:Ciltacabtagene autoleucel
4347:Brexucabtagene autoleucel
4293:
4244:
4024:
4017:
3953:
3907:
3840:
3797:
3634:
3619:
3499:
3469:
3394:
3379:
3350:
3246:
3166:
3109:
3092:
3081:
3017:
2970:
2951:
2342:– via ResearchGate.
2124:10.1007/s00280-012-2042-4
1689:World Health Organization
1661:World Health Organization
1084:by overexpression of the
826:
801:
781:
759:
746:
713:
708:
689:
657:
637:
617:
597:
577:
557:
537:
517:
492:
472:
408:
403:
393:
380:
363:
353:
339:
331:
269:
264:
239:
225:
199:
169:
155:
137:
129:
119:
56:
51:
42:
33:
4529:Talimogene laherparepvec
4462:Nadofaragene firadenovec
4432:Lisocabtagene maraleucel
3381:Topoisomerase inhibitors
3300:DNA polymerase inhibitor
2629:10.1177/1078155219880600
2610:Gilbar PJ (March 2020).
2157:Clinical Cancer Research
2085:10.2174/1568011023354290
2050:. Elsevier. 2015-01-01.
1912:10.3171/spi.2007.6.3.280
1069:in 2007 when batches of
965:chemotherapy regimen in
19:Not to be confused with
4332:Axicabtagene ciloleucel
2936:chemotherapeutic agents
2882:Drug Information Portal
2597:Who Owns Native Culture
2220:10.1073/pnas.0401323101
4514:Sitimagene ceradenovec
4412:Idecabtagene vicleucel
3977:Methyl aminolevulinate
2392:(8 Part 1): 1390–427.
2358:Education in Chemistry
1947:10.1002/mpo.2950240114
1769:(4): 6. Archived from
883:small cell lung cancer
871:acute myeloid leukemia
3988:Porphyrin derivatives
3684:Melphalan flufenamide
3331:Hypomethylating agent
2940:antineoplastic agents
2827:Neimark, Ben (2012).
1550:"Vincristine Sulfate"
1429:"NCI Drug Dictionary"
1405:. Random House, Inc.
1323:Chelsea Physic Garden
1315:Industrial Revolution
1225:Eli Lilly and Company
947:chemotherapy regimens
895:low white blood cells
4317:Asparagine depleters
4246:Receptor antagonists
4160:+abiraterone acetate
1975:(January 31, 2008).
1845:10.1084/jem.20201452
1363:political ecologists
1292:. Some consider the
1247:Until recently, two
913:, as this may kill.
4367:Denileukin diftitox
4267:Retinoid X receptor
3967:Aminolevulinic acid
3789:Triethylenemelamine
3621:Crosslinking of DNA
3352:Deoxyribonucleotide
3291:+gimeracil/oteracil
1763:NCI Cancer Bulletin
1367:Catharanthus roseus
1319:Catharanthus roseus
1311:Catharanthus roseus
1304:Catharanthus roseus
1295:Catharanthus roseus
1238:Society and culture
1161:Catharanthus roseus
1127:Catharanthus roseus
1092:Mechanism of action
1062:cerebrospinal fluid
927:Catharanthus roseus
857:among others, is a
312:(Prescription only)
288:(Prescription only)
30:
4683:Mitotic inhibitors
4623:Never to phase III
3425:Etirinotecan pegol
2806:(PhD Dissertation)
2786:(PhD Dissertation)
2766:2016-03-03 at the
2714:. 3 September 2013
2664:2014-11-09 at the
2576:(8 Part 1): 1391.
2546:Plotkin M (1993).
2506:The New York Times
2426:(8 Part 1): 1421.
1509:Medscape Reference
1327:Jardin des plantes
959:Hodgkin's lymphoma
893:, lung damage, or
369:Liver, mostly via
26:
4633:
4632:
4592:
4591:
4549:Tigilanol tiglate
4026:Enzyme inhibitors
3949:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3645:Nitrogen mustards
3615:
3614:
3375:
3374:
3077:
3076:
2684:. 17 January 2020
2450:Treating Diabetes
2016:10.1021/ar500400w
1629:Ravina E (2011).
1589:10.1159/000441380
1284:in the fields of
1182:diabetes mellitus
1056:and spinal nerve
997:(TTP) or chronic
991:immunosuppressant
875:Hodgkin's disease
844:
843:
772:Interactive image
659:CompTox Dashboard
320:
307:
295:
283:
215:
182:
4705:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4641:
4554:Tisagenlecleucel
4311:Arsenic trioxide
4022:
4021:
3955:Photosensitizers
3746:Alkyl sulfonates
3660:Cyclophosphamide
3632:
3631:
3571:Anthracenediones
3392:
3391:
3366:Hydroxycarbamide
3107:
3106:
3090:
3089:
2968:
2967:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2885:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2814:10.7282/T3WD40Q7
2807:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2776:
2770:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2739:Federal Register
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2674:
2668:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2631:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2595:Brown M (2003).
2592:
2586:
2585:
2567:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2417:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2383:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2325:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2255:. January 2012.
2249:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2222:
2213:(33): 11966–70.
2198:
2189:
2188:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2027:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1856:
1839:(5): e20201452.
1824:
1818:
1817:
1792:(7): 1356–1362.
1781:
1775:
1774:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1737:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1546:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1470:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1395:
1214:trichloromethane
1186:myelosuppression
891:neuropathic pain
865:. This includes
849:, also known as
840:
839:
832:
774:
754:
739:
733:
727:
721:
704:
693:
682:
681:
667:
665:
650:
630:
610:
590:
570:
550:
530:
510:
500:
499:
485:
385:
318:
315:
305:
302:
294:
291:
281:
278:
256:
213:
210:
192:
181:
178:
165:
151:
133:leurocristine ki
114:
113:
112:
111:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
47:
38:
31:
29:
25:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4668:Vinca alkaloids
4658:
4657:
4656:
4646:
4644:
4636:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4613:Clinical trials
4588:
4294:Other/ungrouped
4289:
4240:
4013:
3993:Porfimer sodium
3941:
3903:
3836:
3793:
3623:
3611:
3495:
3465:
3383:
3371:
3346:
3242:
3162:
3098:
3096:antimetabolites
3094:
3093:DNA precursors/
3085:
3083:DNA replication
3073:
3013:
2983:Vinca alkaloids
2959:
2947:
2932:
2876:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2825:
2821:
2805:
2797:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2768:Wayback Machine
2759:
2755:
2745:
2743:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2666:Wayback Machine
2657:
2653:
2608:
2604:
2593:
2589:
2570:Cancer Research
2565:
2559:
2555:
2544:
2540:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2483:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2420:Cancer Research
2415:
2409:
2405:
2386:Cancer Research
2381:
2375:
2371:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2298:
2268:
2264:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2199:
2192:
2163:(22): 7167–72.
2153:
2149:
2104:
2100:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2046:
2045:
2041:
1996:
1992:
1966:
1962:
1931:
1927:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1825:
1821:
1782:
1778:
1755:
1751:
1714:
1710:
1686:
1682:
1658:
1654:
1643:
1627:
1620:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1485:on 8 April 2020
1471:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1349:
1336:
1278:
1273:
1265:
1245:
1240:
1210:aluminium oxide
1208:on deactivated
1206:chromatographed
1178:Southern Africa
1156:
1123:
1094:
1082:drug resistance
1052:due to massive
1007:
975:Ewing's Sarcoma
936:
835:
833:
830:(what is this?)
827:
822:
819:
814:
809:
808:
797:
794:
789:
788:
777:
752:
742:
736:
730:
724:
685:
661:
653:
633:
613:
593:
573:
553:
533:
513:
496:
488:
468:
465:
416:
415:
383:
355:Protein binding
341:Bioavailability
333:Pharmacokinetic
327:
260:
228:
221:
202:
195:
107:
106:
64:
60:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4711:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4688:Acetate esters
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4655:
4654:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4610:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4500:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4275:
4263:
4250:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4205:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4173:
4167:
4162:
4154:
4147:PARP inhibitor
4143:
4131:
4119:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4078:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4043:
4030:
4028:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3895:
3890:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3852:
3846:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3803:
3801:
3799:Platinum-based
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3764:
3763:
3757:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3715:
3710:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3657:
3652:
3640:
3638:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3578:
3567:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3526:
3521:
3514:Anthracyclines
3509:
3507:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3487:
3475:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3400:
3398:
3389:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3326:
3325:
3312:
3311:
3295:
3294:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3234:
3232:Mercaptopurine
3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3202:
3186:
3185:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3143:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3115:
3113:
3104:
3087:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3059:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2978:
2976:
2965:
2949:
2948:
2934:Intracellular
2931:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2872:
2871:External links
2869:
2866:
2865:
2839:(2): 423-445.
2819:
2791:
2771:
2753:
2725:
2695:
2669:
2651:
2622:(2): 263–266.
2602:
2587:
2553:
2538:
2535:. 22 May 2022.
2518:
2492:
2467:
2437:
2403:
2369:
2345:
2311:
2296:
2262:
2244:
2190:
2147:
2098:
2063:
2056:
2039:
1990:
1981:New York Times
1960:
1925:
1890:
1868:
1819:
1776:
1773:on 2011-12-11.
1749:
1708:
1680:
1652:
1641:
1618:
1583:(2): 108–110.
1567:
1526:
1496:
1450:
1435:. 2011-02-02.
1420:
1403:Dictionary.com
1389:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1379:vinca alkaloid
1348:
1345:
1335:
1332:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1155:
1152:
1122:
1119:
1093:
1090:
1086:p-glycoprotein
1054:encephalopathy
1006:
1003:
971:nephroblastoma
935:
932:
922:vinca alkaloid
905:. It works by
901:may result in
842:
841:
824:
823:
821:
820:
817:
815:
812:
804:
803:
802:
799:
798:
796:
795:
792:
784:
783:
782:
779:
778:
776:
775:
767:
765:
757:
756:
750:
744:
743:
740:
734:
728:
722:
717:
711:
710:
706:
705:
695:
687:
686:
684:
683:
670:
668:
655:
654:
652:
651:
643:
641:
635:
634:
632:
631:
623:
621:
615:
614:
612:
611:
603:
601:
595:
594:
592:
591:
583:
581:
575:
574:
572:
571:
563:
561:
555:
554:
552:
551:
543:
541:
535:
534:
532:
531:
523:
521:
515:
514:
512:
511:
503:
501:
490:
489:
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486:
478:
476:
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419:
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400:
397:
391:
390:
387:
378:
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367:
361:
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329:
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325:
313:
300:
289:
275:
273:
267:
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262:
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258:
245:
243:
237:
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231:
229:administration
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159:
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135:
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127:
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117:
116:
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4710:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4653:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4488:
4487:Tabelecleucel
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:Lurbinectedin
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3909:Intercalation
3906:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3817:Dicycloplatin
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3690:Prednimustine
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3505:Intercalation
3502:
3498:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3308:+daunorubicin
3306:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:Doxifluridine
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3221:Rabacfosadine
3219:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2878:"Vincristine"
2875:
2874:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2803:
2795:
2784:
2783:
2775:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2542:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2297:9780121827960
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2195:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2118:(3): 555–64.
2117:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2057:9780444626493
2053:
2049:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2010:(3): 653–62.
2009:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1878:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1642:9783527326693
1638:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:"Vincristine"
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1399:"Vincristine"
1394:
1390:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1361:and American
1360:
1355:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:folk remedies
1297:
1296:
1291:
1290:ethnomedicine
1287:
1283:
1268:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:tartaric acid
1195:
1194:Skellysolve-B
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1151:
1149:
1148:neurotoxicity
1145:
1140:
1137:
1136:catharanthine
1133:
1128:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1058:demyelination
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:dexamethasone
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
941:
931:
929:
928:
923:
919:
914:
912:
911:intrathecally
908:
904:
903:birth defects
900:
896:
892:
886:
884:
880:
879:neuroblastoma
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:leurocristine
848:
838:
831:
825:
816:
811:
810:
807:
800:
791:
790:
787:
780:
773:
769:
768:
766:
763:
758:
751:
749:
745:
718:
716:
712:
707:
703:
699:
696:
694:
692:ECHA InfoCard
688:
680:
676:
675:DTXSID1032278
672:
671:
669:
660:
656:
649:
645:
644:
642:
640:
636:
629:
625:
624:
622:
620:
616:
609:
605:
604:
602:
600:
596:
589:
585:
584:
582:
580:
576:
569:
565:
564:
562:
560:
556:
549:
545:
544:
542:
540:
536:
529:
525:
524:
522:
520:
516:
509:
505:
504:
502:
495:
491:
484:
480:
479:
477:
475:
471:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
417:
414:
407:
402:
398:
396:
392:
388:
386:
379:
376:
372:
368:
366:
362:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
324:
314:
311:
301:
299:
290:
287:
277:
276:
274:
272:
268:
263:
255:
250:
247:
246:
244:
242:
238:
235:
232:
230:
224:
218:
209:
208:
206:
204:
198:
191:
186:
177:
176:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
122:
118:
110:
103:
59:
57:Pronunciation
55:
52:Clinical data
50:
46:
41:
37:
32:
22:
4534:Tazemetostat
4498:Alitretinoin
4491:
4402:Estramustine
4382:Elsamitrucin
4372:Eflornithine
4326:Pegaspargase
4322:Asparaginase
4315:
4284:Testolactone
4277:
4265:
4253:
4207:
4192:Panobinostat
4175:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4109:
4080:
4045:
4033:
3986:
3982:Padeliporfin
3921:Dactinomycin
3917:Streptomyces
3898:Temozolomide
3893:Mitozolomide
3881:
3872:Mitobronitol
3861:Procarbazine
3854:
3842:Nonclassical
3767:
3744:
3738:Streptozocin
3703:Nitrosoureas
3701:
3675:Chlorambucil
3669:Trofosfamide
3655:Chlormethine
3650:Bendamustine
3643:
3581:Mitoxantrone
3576:Losoxantrone
3569:
3529:Daunorubicin
3512:
3478:
3415:Camptothecin
3403:
3359:
3329:
3315:
3298:
3282:Fluorouracil
3262:Capecitabine
3255:
3225:
3189:
3175:
3145:
3140:Pralatrexate
3130:Methotrexate
3118:
3061:
3024:
2992:
2981:
2881:
2856:. Retrieved
2836:
2832:
2822:
2801:
2794:
2781:
2774:
2756:
2744:. Retrieved
2742:. 2 May 2022
2737:
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2707:
2698:
2686:. Retrieved
2681:
2672:
2654:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2596:
2590:
2573:
2569:
2556:
2547:
2541:
2530:
2521:
2509:. Retrieved
2505:
2495:
2484:. Retrieved
2480:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2449:
2440:
2423:
2419:
2406:
2389:
2385:
2372:
2361:. Retrieved
2357:
2348:
2331:
2327:
2314:
2275:
2265:
2247:
2210:
2206:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2047:
2042:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1980:
1963:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1906:(3): 280–3.
1903:
1899:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1871:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1771:the original
1766:
1762:
1752:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1702:10665/345533
1692:
1683:
1674:10665/325771
1664:
1655:
1631:
1580:
1577:Chemotherapy
1576:
1570:
1558:. Retrieved
1517:. Retrieved
1508:
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1483:the original
1478:
1441:. Retrieved
1432:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1402:
1393:
1371:Fort Dauphin
1366:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1341:
1337:
1321:at London's
1318:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1293:
1279:
1266:
1249:generic drug
1246:
1233:
1229:Indianapolis
1218:
1159:
1157:
1141:
1126:
1124:
1095:
1079:
1075:methotrexate
1043:
1027:
1019:constipation
1015:hyponatremia
1008:
1005:Side effects
983:asparaginase
937:
934:Medical uses
925:
915:
887:
859:chemotherapy
854:
850:
846:
845:
834:
828:
648:ChEMBL303560
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
382:Elimination
271:Legal status
265:Legal status
171:License data
4609:from market
4579:Vorasidenib
4559:Trabectedin
4544:Tiazofurine
4539:Tebentafusp
4524:Tagraxofusp
4482:Plitidepsin
4452:Mitoguazone
4392:Epacadostat
4362:Demecolcine
4306:Aflibercept
4279:Sex steroid
4152:Fuzuloparib
4093:Carfilzomib
4065:Palbociclib
4055:Abemaciclib
4008:Verteporfin
3972:Efaproxiral
3888:Dacarbazine
3850:Altretamine
3832:Satraplatin
3827:Oxaliplatin
3807:Carboplatin
3784:Triaziquone
3755:Mannosulfan
3733:Ranimustine
3713:Fotemustine
3554:Pirarubicin
3539:Doxorubicin
3533:+cytarabine
3519:Aclarubicin
3480:Podophyllum
3405:Camptotheca
3336:Azacitidine
3322:Gemcitabine
3277:Floxuridine
3210:Fludarabine
3205:Clofarabine
3191:Halogenated
3182:Pentostatin
3157:Raltitrexed
3125:Aminopterin
3068:Ixabepilone
3063:Epothilones
3031:Cabazitaxel
3008:Vinorelbine
2993:Vincristine
2988:Vinblastine
2973:microtubule
2079:(1): 1–17.
1973:Bogdanich W
1941:(1): 61–2.
1728:: 114–130.
1443:28 November
1359:agronomists
1286:ethnobotany
1271:Controversy
1166:vinblastine
1104:during the
1102:chromosomes
1046:intrathecal
940:intravenous
847:Vincristine
755: g·mol
698:100.000.289
628:CHEBI:28445
404:Identifiers
234:intravenous
190:Vincristine
157:MedlinePlus
130:Other names
121:Trade names
28:Vincristine
21:vinblastine
4662:Categories
4574:Verdinexor
4569:Venetoclax
4472:Oblimersen
4467:Navitoclax
4442:Lucanthone
4437:Lonidamine
4427:Lifileucel
4422:Ivosidenib
4417:Imetelstat
4387:Enasidenib
4377:Elesclomol
4342:Bexarotene
4337:Belzutifan
4272:Bexarotene
4260:Atrasentan
4235:Umbralisib
4230:Idelalisib
4220:Copanlisib
4202:Vorinostat
4197:Romidepsin
4187:Entinostat
4182:Belinostat
4140:Masoprocol
4128:Tiazofurin
4116:Anagrelide
4088:Bortezomib
4075:Seliciclib
4070:Ribociclib
4050:inhibitors
4040:Tipifarnib
4003:Temoporfin
3998:Talaporfin
3936:Plicamycin
3931:Mitomycins
3877:Pipobroman
3856:Hydrazines
3822:Nedaplatin
3774:Carboquone
3769:Aziridines
3760:Treosulfan
3708:Carmustine
3695:Uramustine
3664:Ifosfamide
3636:Alkylating
3597:Bisantrene
3586:Pixantrone
3559:Valrubicin
3549:Idarubicin
3544:Epirubicin
3490:Teniposide
3445:Lurtotecan
3440:Irinotecan
3341:Decitabine
3305:Cytarabine
3248:Pyrimidine
3237:Tioguanine
3227:Thiopurine
3216:Nelarabine
3200:Cladribine
3152:Pemetrexed
3135:Pemetrexed
3111:Folic acid
3051:Paclitaxel
3003:Vinflunine
2511:15 October
2486:2019-12-14
2363:2018-11-13
1413:9 November
1385:References
1174:Madagascar
1071:cytarabine
987:prednisone
963:Stanford V
920:. It is a
760:3D model (
748:Molar mass
588:5J49Q6B70F
559:ChemSpider
519:IUPHAR/BPS
474:CAS Number
413:IUPAC name
365:Metabolism
4619:Phase III
4607:Withdrawn
4584:Vosaroxin
4564:Veliparib
4519:Sotorasib
4509:Selinexor
4503:Tretinoin
4493:Retinoids
4407:Glasdegib
4352:Celecoxib
4301:Adagrasib
4225:Duvelisib
4215:Alpelisib
4170:Rucaparib
4157:Niraparib
4098:Oprozomib
4060:Alvocidib
3926:Bleomycin
3883:Triazenes
3867:Etoglucid
3812:Cisplatin
3728:Nimustine
3722:Semustine
3718:Lomustine
3680:Melphalan
3607:Menogaril
3602:Crisnatol
3592:Amsacrine
3564:Zorubicin
3524:Amrubicin
3485:Etoposide
3460:Topotecan
3455:Silatecan
3450:Rubitecan
3435:Gimatecan
3420:Cositecan
3410:Belotecan
3086:inhibitor
3056:Tesetaxel
3046:Ortataxel
3041:Larotaxel
3036:Docetaxel
2998:Vindesine
2853:153584071
2646:207953764
2340:2455-698X
2276:Liposomes
1814:196362723
1597:1421-9794
1511:. WebMD.
1375:Ambovombe
1325:from the
1243:Suppliers
1132:vindoline
1121:Chemistry
1114:leukocyte
1110:apoptosis
1106:metaphase
1050:paralysis
1031:foot drop
1023:hair loss
899:pregnancy
395:Excretion
384:half-life
227:Routes of
201:Pregnancy
149:Monograph
143:Drugs.com
4652:Medicine
4457:Mitotane
4397:Eribulin
4165:Olaparib
4103:Ixazomib
3779:Thiotepa
3751:Busulfan
3430:Exatecan
3267:Carmofur
2975:assembly
2938: /
2764:Archived
2682:DailyMed
2662:Archived
2638:31707923
2582:14070392
2532:CBS News
2481:@TevaUSA
2454:Archived
2432:14070392
2398:14070392
2306:15721373
2257:Archived
2239:15141084
2177:19010832
2142:23212117
2093:12678749
2034:25586069
1985:Archived
1969:Hooker J
1920:17355029
1883:15 March
1863:33656514
1744:28477739
1691:(2021).
1663:(2019).
1647:Archived
1613:22376877
1605:26636546
1554:Archived
1519:16 April
1513:Archived
1489:15 April
1437:Archived
1407:Archived
1347:Research
1263:Shortage
1190:leukemia
1170:Ayurveda
1144:liposome
1039:anakinra
951:lymphoma
943:infusion
837:(verify)
539:DrugBank
347:GI tract
241:ATC code
203:category
185:DailyMed
3386:S phase
3287:Tegafur
3101:S phase
3026:Taxanes
2962:M phase
2858:14 July
2746:19 June
2460:18 June
2185:2129170
2133:3579462
2025:4363169
1955:7968797
1854:7933984
1806:8608515
1369:around
1202:benzene
1154:History
1098:tubulin
1001:(ITP).
957:R-CVP,
855:Oncovin
753:824.972
715:Formula
548:DB00541
494:PubChem
483:57-22-7
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249:L01CA02
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163:a682822
4638:Portal
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3168:Purine
2971:Block
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2718:9 June
2688:9 June
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1786:Cancer
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1560:Jan 2,
1257:Pfizer
1212:using
1021:, and
981:and L-
881:, and
863:cancer
786:SMILES
639:ChEMBL
608:D08679
375:CYP3A5
371:CYP3A4
323:℞-only
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298:℞-only
284:
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4123:IMPDI
4018:Other
2849:S2CID
2712:(FDA)
2708:U.S.
2642:S2CID
2566:(PDF)
2416:(PDF)
2382:(PDF)
2334:(2).
2324:(PDF)
2280:40–57
2181:S2CID
1810:S2CID
1609:S2CID
1593:eISSN
1067:China
806:InChI
762:JSmol
619:ChEBI
105:
4209:PIKI
4177:HDAC
3626:CCNS
2860:2023
2748:2022
2720:2020
2690:2020
2634:PMID
2578:PMID
2513:2019
2462:2017
2428:PMID
2394:PMID
2336:ISSN
2302:PMID
2292:ISBN
2235:PMID
2173:PMID
2138:PMID
2089:PMID
2052:ISBN
2030:PMID
1951:PMID
1916:PMID
1885:2021
1859:PMID
1802:PMID
1740:PMID
1637:ISBN
1601:PMID
1562:2015
1521:2014
1491:2014
1445:2015
1415:2014
1373:and
1288:and
1255:and
1253:Teva
1200:and
1176:and
1142:The
1134:and
1073:and
955:CHOP
599:KEGG
579:UNII
568:5758
528:6785
508:5978
440:,10b
424:,3a1
373:and
359:~44%
335:data
139:AHFS
4255:ERA
4111:PhI
4082:PrI
4047:CDK
3959:PDT
2957:MIs
2953:SPs
2944:L01
2841:doi
2810:doi
2624:doi
2284:doi
2225:PMC
2215:doi
2211:101
2165:doi
2128:PMC
2120:doi
2081:doi
2020:PMC
2012:doi
1943:doi
1908:doi
1849:PMC
1841:doi
1837:218
1794:doi
1730:doi
1726:114
1697:hdl
1669:hdl
1585:doi
1433:NCI
664:EPA
498:CID
436:,5a
420:(3a
310:POM
254:WHO
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