1318:. Although their rates of cultural and economic assimilation were comparable to other groups (perhaps due to language differences between English and Vietnamese), their rates of civic assimilation were the highest of the large immigrant groups. As many were refugees from South Vietnam, Vietnamese Americans viewed their stay in the United States as permanent and became involved in the political process at a higher rate than other groups. Vietnamese Americans have the highest rate of naturalization among all immigrant groups: in 2015, 86% of Vietnamese immigrants in the United States who were eligible for citizenship already became citizens. However, there are "substantive within-group differences among Vietnamese Americans and that the classical linear assimilation hypothesis does not adequately explain political incorporation. Although naturalization does appear to increase steadily over time, with earlier waves more likely to have acquired citizenship, the same pattern of associations does not appear for our analysis of registration and voting. Notably, it was the third wave of Vietnamese immigrants who were most likely to cast ballots in the last presidential election". According to a 1995 study, the relationship between Vietnam and the United States has been the most important issue for most Vietnamese Americans. As many are refugees from South Vietnam, many are strongly opposed to communism; this attitude could also take root during and after the
915:
1996:. Many could not be reunited with their fathers, and commonly arrived with their mothers. In some cases, they were part of false families that were created to escape from Vietnam. Many of the first-generation Amerasians and their mothers experienced significant social and institutional discrimination in Vietnam, where they were denied the right to education; discrimination worsening after the 1973 American withdrawal, and by the U.S. government, which discouraged American military personnel from marrying Vietnamese nationals and frequently refused claims of U.S. citizenship that were lodged by Amerasians born in Vietnam if their mothers were not married to their American fathers.
1659:), relatives gather for a festive meal and to share stories about the person's children, works or community. In a typical Vietnamese family, parents see themselves with a vital role in their children's lives; according to a survey, 71 percent of Vietnamese American parents said that being a good parent is one of the most important things in their lives. Generations of Vietnamese were taught to help their families without question, and many Vietnamese Americans send American goods and money and sponsor relatives' trips or immigration to the U.S. In 2013, remittances sent to Vietnam via formal channels totaled $ 11 billion, a tenfold increase from the late 1990s.
5011:
1296:
36:
1663:
990:
1617:
332:
1606:
851:
2080:
1211:
2094:
1484:(rather than the flag of Vietnam) the symbol of the Vietnamese in the United States, and objections were raised by the Vietnamese government. The California and Ohio state governments enacted laws adopting the South Vietnamese flag in August 2006. Since June 2002, 13 states, seven counties and 85 cities had adopted resolutions recognizing the South Vietnamese flag as the Vietnamese Heritage and Freedom Flag.
2672:
1585:
racism, with supremacy"; that "The ideas of authoritarianism, of overturning the people's will, are not the principles that this flag stands for", and that the incident made them "look like clowns". It was reported that due to the incident, "many younger people started questioning their elders' unyielding loyalty to and interpretation of the banner's values".
785:
granted LPR on the basis of family sponsored preferences or by way of immediate relatives to U.S. citizens, at 53% and 44% respectively. This marks a complete about face, as in 1982, 99% of
Vietnamese who received green cards obtained them on humanitarian grounds, while in 2019 only 1% of Vietnamese who received LPR status did so through this channel.
1006:
granted lawful permanent residence (LPR) on the basis of family sponsored preferences or by way of immediate relatives to U.S. citizens, at 53% and 44% respectively. This marks a complete about face, in 1982, 99% of
Vietnamese that were granted LPR were refugees, while today that group is a mere 1% of the Vietnamese population.
2648:
2152:
1353:, Republican support has eroded in the second generation and among newer, poorer refugees. However, the Republican Party still has strong support; in 2007, in Orange County, Vietnamese Americans registered as Republicans outnumbered registered Democrats (55 and 22 percent, respectively). According to the 2008
1005:
Though
Vietnamese immigration has continued at a fairly steady pace since the 1980s, the pathway to immigration for Vietnamese today has shifted entirely. As opposed to the earlier history of Vietnamese migration that stemmed predominantly from refugees, an overwhelming majority of Vietnamese are now
997:
By the early 1980s, a secondary resettlement was underway. Vietnamese refugees were initially scattered throughout the country in wherever they could find sponsorship. The majority (27,199) settled in
California, followed by 9,130 in Texas and 3,500 to 7,000 each in Pennsylvania, Florida, Washington,
985:
children and former political prisoners and their families to enter the United States. Vietnamese immigration peaked in 1992, when many re-education-camp inmates were released and sponsored by their families in the U.S. Between 1981 and 2000, the country accepted 531,310 Vietnamese political refugees
793:
Coming from different waves of immigration, Vietnamese
Americans have a lower educational attainment than overall Asian American population but it is higher than other Southeast Asian groups and is also trending upward. As of 2019, 32% of Vietnamese American (of which 27% foreign born and 63% of U.S.
784:
Though
Vietnamese immigration has continued at a fairly steady pace since the 1980s, the pathway to immigration for Vietnamese today has shifted entirely. As opposed to the earlier history of Vietnamese migration that stemmed predominantly from refugees, an overwhelming majority of Vietnamese are now
391:
In 2018, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the total population of
Vietnamese Americans was 2,162,610 (92.1% reporting one race, 7.2% reporting two races, 0.7% reporting three races, and 0.1% reporting four or more races). California and Texas had the highest concentrations of Vietnamese Americans: 40
2007:
helped over 25,000 Amerasians and their 67,000 relatives in
Vietnam, to emigrate to the United States. Although they received permanent-resident status, many have been unable to obtain citizenship and express a lack of belonging or acceptance in the US because of differences in culture, language and
1222:
Young
Vietnamese Americans adults are well educated, and often provide professional services. Since older Vietnamese Americans have difficulty interacting with the non-Vietnamese professional class, many Vietnamese Americans provide specialized professional services to fellow immigrants. Of these, a
1140:
Most first-wave
Vietnamese immigrants initially worked at low-paying jobs in small services or industries. Finding work was more difficult for second-wave and subsequent immigrants, due to their limited educational background and job skills. They were employed in blue-collar jobs, such as electrical
890:
South Vietnamese refugees were initially resented by Americans, since the memory of defeat was fresh; according to a 1975 poll, only 36 percent of Americans favored Vietnamese immigration. However, the U.S. government informed public opinion as it felt that it had a moral obligation to the refugees,
858:
The evacuation of the immigrants was organized in three major ways. The week before Saigon fell, 15,000 people left on scheduled flights followed by an additional 80,000 also evacuated by air. The last group was carried on U.S. Navy ships. During the spring of 1975 125,000 people left South Vietnam,
1180:
owners. According to a 2002 Census Bureau survey of Vietnamese-owned firms, more than 50 percent of the businesses are personal services or repair and maintenance. The period from 1997 to 2002 saw substantial growth in the number of Vietnamese-owned business. Throughout the country, many Vietnamese
1584:
by waving the South Vietnamese flags and marching alongside neo-Nazi and white nationalist supporters. Some Vietnamese Americans, especially younger ones have expressed that they feel "disappointed" about the display of the flag at the Capitol riot, mainly "to see it be associated with hate, with
1983:
are descendants of an ethnic Vietnamese (or Hoa) parent and an American parent, most commonly white or black. The first substantial generation of Amerasian Vietnamese Americans were born to American personnel, primarily military men, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1975. Many Amerasians were
1255:
of imported shrimp from Vietnam has impacted their livelihood. Many remain employed in Silicon Valley's computer and networking industry, despite layoffs following the closure of various high-tech companies. Recent immigrants not yet proficient in English work in assembly, restaurants, shops and
780:
The U.S. Census Bureau reports in 2016 among working Vietnamese Americans (civilian employed population 16 years and over): 32.9% had management, business, science, and arts occupations; 30.9% had service occupations; 17.0% had sales and office occupations, 4.3% had reported natural resources,
557:) make up about six percent of Vietnam's population and about 23 percent of the Vietnamese American population. Due to hostility between Communists and Catholics in Vietnam, many Catholics fled the country after the Communist takeover, and many Catholic Churches had sponsored them to America.
1999:
Discrimination was even greater for children of black servicemen than for children of white fathers. Subsequent generations of Amerasians (children born in the United States) and Vietnamese-born Amerasians whose American paternity was documented by their parents' marriage or their subsequent
1635:
for special occasions and showcasing their cuisine in restaurants throughout the country. Family loyalty is the most important Vietnamese cultural characteristic, and more than two generations traditionally lived under one roof. The Vietnamese view a family as including maternal and paternal
1018:
faced discrimination as they arrived throughout the 1970s and 1980s. White fishermen complained about unfair competition from their Vietnamese American counterparts. "Non-Vietnamese docks refused to allow Vietnamese American boats to dock, wholesalers refused to buy shrimp from Vietnamese
2028:
and other Tai ethnicities who migrated to the United States were majority from Northern Vietnam. The community, overall, do not develop a separate ethnic identity sentiment due to long friendly relations with the Vietnamese rulers, thus the community don't regard itself
1040:
Language was the first barrier Vietnamese refugees with limited English proficiency had to overcome. English uses tonal inflection sparingly (primarily for questions); Vietnamese, a tonal language, uses variations in tone to differentiate between meanings of a sound.
4391:
Ho, Canary H. "Perspectives of First-Generation Vietnamese Americans and Filipino/a Americans : Lack of Representation and the Model Minority Myth" (EdD dissertation, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,
1457:. In 2006, 15 Vietnamese Americans were running for elective office in California. In August 2014, Fort Hood Col. Viet Xuan Luong became the first Vietnamese American general in U.S. history. Four Vietnamese Americans have run for a seat in the
1268:
and 43 percent nationwide are Vietnamese Americans. Nail-salon work is skilled manual labor which requires limited English-speaking ability. Some Vietnamese Americans see the work as a way to accumulate wealth quickly, and many send
1332:
poll, 71 percent of respondents ranked fighting communism as a "top priority" or "very important." Vietnamese Americans stage protests against the Vietnamese government's policies. In 1999, opposition to a video-store owner in
1047:
can have one of seven meanings, depending on tone: "mother", "ghost", "but", "code", "rice plant", "cheek" or "tomb". Another difference between Vietnamese and English is the former's widespread use of status-related pronouns.
4439:
Segui, Alan Serrano. "The immigration generation: Nativity and the political socialization of Filipino and Vietnamese Americans" (Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,
560:
According to the Migration Policy Institute using data from the American Community Survey for 2017 to 2021, there were 1,347,300 immigrants from Vietnam nationally. The top counties in which they resided were as follows:
822:
The history of Vietnamese Americans is fairly recent. Before 1975, most Vietnamese residing in the U.S. were the wives and children of American servicemen or academics. Records indicate that a few Vietnamese (including
2983:
Le, L. K., & Su, P. H. (2016). Vietnamese Americans and Electoral Participation. In K. L. Kreider & T. J. Baldino (Eds.), Minority Voting in the United States, (pp. 363, 365, 349-368), Santa Barbara: Praeger
2486:
942:" were generally lower socioeconomically, as most were peasant farmers or fishermen, small-town merchants or former military officials. Survivors were picked up by foreign ships and brought to asylum camps in
1936:
who migrated to Vietnam. In 2013, they made up 11.5 percent of the Vietnamese American population, and in majority, identified itself as Vietnamese. Some Hoa Vietnamese Americans also speak a dialect of
420:, where Vietnamese Americans make up 40.2 and 27.7 percent of the population respectively. About 41 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population lives in five major metropolitan areas: in descending order,
4052:
Trieu, M.M. (2013). Chinese-Vietnamese Americans. X. Zhao, & E.J. Park (Eds.), Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History (pp. 305-310). Santa Barbara, USA:
1397:
survey, 47% of registered Vietnamese American voters leaned Republican and 32% Democratic; among Vietnamese Americans overall (including non-registered voters), 36% leaned Democratic and 35% Republican.
5010:
1896:(Thiền) doctrines and practices. Most temples are small, consisting of a converted house with one or two resident monks or nuns. Two of the most prominent figures in Vietnamese American Buddhism are
926:
A second wave of Vietnamese refugees from the former South Vietnam arrived from 1978 to the mid-1980s. South Vietnamese, particularly former military officers and government employees, were sent to "
2754:
Bankston, Carl L. "Vietnamese American." In Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America vol 2, edited by Judy Galens, Anna Sheets, and Robyn V. Young, 1393-1407. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1995
388:
and 46 percent of the total U.S. foreign-born population). Of those born outside the United States, 73.1 percent entered before 2000, 21.2 percent from 2000 and 2009 and 5.7 percent after 2010.
765:
In 2019, the median household income for all Vietnamese Americans was $ 69,800. Broken down by birth, the income was $ 82,400 for U.S.-born and $ 66,000 for foreign-born Vietnamese Americans.
2252:
814:
society values education and learning, and many Vietnamese Americans have worked their way up from menial labor to have their second-generation children attend college and become successful.
2363:
2468:
914:
1130:, refugees arriving in the United States often had a lower socioeconomic standing in their home country and more difficulty integrating due to greater linguistic and cultural barriers.
899:
in 1975, which allowed Vietnamese refugees to enter the United States under a special status and allocated $ 405 million in resettlement aid. To prevent the refugees from forming
998:
Illinois, New York, and Louisiana. Economic and social factors, many then moved to warmer states, such as California and Texas, with larger Vietnamese communities, better jobs, and
1023:
attempted to intimidate Vietnamese American shrimp fishermen, at one time having plans to burn Vietnamese shrimp boats. The Vietnamese Fishermen's Association, with the aid of the
2963:
4600:
2122:
188:
1385:. Although most Vietnamese overall are registered Republicans, most young Vietnamese lean toward the Democratic Party because some Vietnamese are members of labor unions. An
5385:
4242:
4089:
3730:
3362:
2793:
1133:
Vietnamese Americans have arrived in the U.S. primarily as refugees, with little or no money. While not as academically or financially accomplished collectively as their
4141:""Lofgren Introduces Citizenship Bill for Children Born in Vietnam to American Servicemen and Vietnamese Women During the Vietnam War". Whitehouse.gov; October 22, 2003"
4840:
2493:
1495:(among the first to return to the city) rallied against a landfill used to dump debris near their community. After months of legal wrangling, the landfill was closed.
5523:
847:
or technical managers, 16.9 percent worked in transportation, and 11.7 percent had clerical or sales jobs in Vietnam. Less than 5 percent were fishermen or farmers.
408:
counties; the three counties accounted for 26 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population in the United States. Many Vietnamese American businesses exist in the
5659:
839:
government feared communist reprisals. Most of the first-wave immigrants were well-educated, financially comfortable, and proficient in English. According to 1975
1698:
marks the lunar new year. Although the full holiday lasts for seven days, the first three days are celebrated with visits to relatives, teachers and friends. For
368:
In 2019, the median household income for U.S.-born Vietnamese Americans was $ 82,400 As a relatively-recent immigrant group, most Vietnamese Americans are either
5602:
3838:
1594:
1957:
which had virtually no speakers in the US before the 1980s, is spoken by another group of Hoa immigrants. A small number of Vietnamese Americans may also speak
1137:
counterparts, census data indicates that Vietnamese Americans are an upwardly-mobile group; their economic status improved substantially between 1989 and 1999.
7805:
3652:
6745:
3245:
3097:
6871:
6861:
6821:
938:. To escape, many South Vietnamese fled on small, unsafe, crowded fishing boats. Over 70 percent of the first immigrants were from urban areas, but the "
3602:
2371:
2472:
2389:
2260:
831:, 650 Vietnamese arrived as immigrants between 1950 and 1974, but the figure excludes students, diplomats, and military trainees. The April 30, 1975,
7785:
5423:
2282:
3545:
7810:
4588:
2177:
1441:
is a member of the Texas state legislature. In 2008, Westminster became the first city with a majority Vietnamese American city council. In 2004,
2238:
1569:
1386:
4786:
3022:
2309:
7790:
7745:
4833:
896:
2052:. Today, the Chams are polarized between, though few embraced Vietnamese identity but rather attach their identity with the fallen kingdom of
6505:
5516:
4544:
4165:"Yoon, Diana H. "The American Response to Amerasian Identity and Rights". Berkeley McNair Research Journal; Winter, 1999 (vol. 7); pp. 71—84"
3219:
1754:(Children's Day or the Mid-Autumn Festival, on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month) are also celebrated by many Vietnamese Americans. For
978:
3932:
3903:
3812:
3772:
1437:
and Westminster, California. Several serve (or have served) on the city councils of Westminster, Garden Grove and San Jose, California, and
7800:
4990:
1704:, the Vietnamese commemorate their ancestors with memorial feasts (including traditional foods such as square and round sticky-rice cakes:
1052:
is the widely used second-person singular pronoun in American English, but the Vietnamese second-person singular pronoun varies by gender (
4494:
4164:
5669:
5637:
5567:
2569:
2337:
4380:
Yến Lê Espiritu, “The ‘We-Win-Even-When-We-Lose’ Syndrome: US press Coverage of the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the ‘Fall of Saigon,’”
903:
and minimize their impact on local communities, they were distributed throughout the country, but within a few years, many resettled in
5367:
4899:
2814:
3954:
Hoang, Tuan (2019). "Ultramontanism, Nationalism, and the Fall of Saigon: Historicizing the Vietnamese American Catholic Experience".
3160:
1627:
While adapting to a new country, Vietnamese Americans have tried to preserve their traditional culture by teaching their children the
1161:
sections of the city are middle- to upper-middle-class neighborhoods with large Vietnamese American populations, many of whom work in
6814:
5372:
5352:
4940:
4826:
3393:
2864:
1772:
is a favorite children's holiday; children holding colorful lanterns form a procession and follow a parade of lion dances and drums.
1466:
5687:
3128:
2540:
5927:
5587:
5541:
5509:
2516:
Bankston, Carl L. III. 2000. "Vietnamese American Catholicism: Transplanted and Flourishing." U.S. Catholic Historian 18 (1): 36-53
2132:
1549:
1541:
1450:
1370:
1358:
203:
4114:
3705:
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3437:
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eased restrictions on the entry of Vietnamese refugees. From 1978 to 1982, 280,500 Vietnamese refugees were admitted In 1979, the
7795:
5969:
5811:
5786:
5654:
5357:
4765:
4711:
4250:
4093:
3758:
2935:
2841:
1577:
1119:
1115:
934:, for intensive political indoctrination. Chinese-Vietnamese relations soured when China became Vietnam's adversary in the brief
5996:
5627:
5607:
5597:
5562:
4196:
3370:
2930:
2791:
1581:
1470:
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4037:
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2048:
are an ethnic minority of Vietnam and Cambodia, and a small number of them came to the United States as refugees fleeing the
1969:
Some Vietnamese Americans are Eurasians: people of European and Asian descent. They are descendants of ethnic Vietnamese and
1869:. According to Pew Research Center, thirty percent of Vietnamese Americans identify as Catholic, and six percent identify as
1636:
grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. In adapting to American culture, most Vietnamese American families have adopted the
3479:
1281:
have adopted the U.S. model and opened nail salons in their country of residence, where few nail salons previously existed.
5903:
5702:
5632:
5617:
4745:
1874:
1530:
2056:, while still working with most Vietnamese American groups. The main Cham populations in the United States are located in
1730:
is simpler. In California, Texas and other states with substantial Vietnamese communities, Vietnamese Americans celebrate
835:, which ended the Vietnam War, prompted the first large-scale wave of immigration; many with close ties to America or the
6972:
6202:
6195:
6128:
5915:
5801:
5642:
5485:
5331:
5284:
4957:
4638:
4226:
2127:
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in the U.S. In 2002 34.2 percent of Vietnamese-owned businesses were in California, followed by Texas with 16.5 percent.
3271:
6023:
5920:
5898:
5717:
5577:
3865:
3529:
2117:
1870:
1430:
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by visiting their relatives and friends, watching community-sponsored dragon dances and visiting temples or churches.
1361:
indicated that 72 percent of Vietnamese American voters in eight eastern states polled voted for Republican incumbent
6901:
5754:
5697:
5649:
5572:
5532:
5465:
4537:
3792:
1760:, food, money and clothes made of special paper are prepared to worship the wandering souls of ancestors. Along with
1561:
781:
construction, and maintenance occupations; and 15% had natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.
712:
392:
and 12 percent of Vietnamese immigrants, respectively. Other states with concentrations of Vietnamese Americans were
1560:
and communism in particular and the left wing of politics as a whole; supporting conservative-oriented freedom; and
5833:
5791:
5776:
5592:
5455:
5430:
5336:
4488:
1350:
1346:
868:
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born) had attained a bachelor's degree or higher, compared to 54% of all Asian Americans and 33% of all Americans.
396:, Florida (four percent each) and Virginia (three percent). The largest number of Vietnamese outside Vietnam is in
3507:
2994:
Hoang, Tuan (2016). "From Reeducation Camps to Little Saigons: Historicizing Vietnamese Diasporic Anticommunism".
2616:
1357:, 22 percent identified with the Democratic Party and 29 percent with the Republican Party. Exit polls during the
384:(ACS), 76 percent of foreign-born Vietnamese are naturalized U.S. citizens (compared to 67 percent of people from
5843:
5781:
5470:
5362:
2397:
1158:
1154:
1015:
747:
3249:
802:
In 2019, 90% of U.S.-born Vietnamese Americans but only 35% of foreign-born Vietnamese were English proficient.
5888:
5863:
5744:
5664:
5557:
5418:
4880:
4738:
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1507:
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1354:
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and a photo of Ho Chi Minh peaked when 15,000 people held a nighttime vigil in front of the store; this raised
1146:
579:
572:
405:
401:
377:
3527:
Resolution Recognizing: The Yellow Flag With Three Red Stripes as The Official Flag of the Vietnamese American
2591:
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5724:
5692:
5679:
5413:
4933:
4726:
4701:
4665:
4645:
2450:
1556:. The reasons credited for the strong support of Trump by Vietnamese Americans is his strong stances against
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150:
99:
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3731:"Video: Vietnamese-American musician's song in support of anti-extradition protesters inspires Hongkongers"
2900:
2288:
2112:
1176:, and have initiated the development and revitalization of older Chinatowns. Many Vietnamese Americans are
1107:
981:(UNHCR) to allow emigration from Vietnam to the U.S. and other countries. Additional legislation permitted
883:(Pennsylvania). After preparations for resettlement, they were assigned to one of nine voluntary agencies (
698:
684:
600:
104:
4419:. ( Thesis, California State University, Long Beach; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2019. 22589873).
3078:
1433:; Bao Nguyen was mayor of Garden Grove, California, and Vietnamese Americans have also been the mayors of
7760:
7735:
7531:
5868:
5490:
5450:
5435:
5390:
4892:
4760:
4755:
4721:
4706:
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4633:
3632:
3553:
2367:
1545:
1382:
1323:
1103:
1024:
927:
705:
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2782:, vol 2, edited by David Levinson and Melvin Ember, pp. 923-930. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 1998
1888:
There are 150 to 165 Vietnamese Buddhist temples in the United States, with most observing a mixture of
1373:, two-thirds of Vietnamese Americans who had decided said that they would vote for Republican candidate
768:
In 2019, Pew Research Center published a study stating that 12% of Vietnamese Americans lived under the
7516:
5739:
5440:
5318:
4655:
4650:
2188:
1644:
607:
4371:
Yến Lê Espiritu, “Toward a Critical Refugee Study: The Vietnamese Refugee Subject in US Scholarship,”
4326:
1681:
1593:
A number of colleges have a Vietnamese Student Association, and an annual conference is hosted by the
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6429:
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3246:"Chapter 6: Political and Civic Life - Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project"
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1993:
1992:("dust of life"). Since 1982, Amerasians and their families have come to the United States under the
1422:
1402:
974:
565:
535:
522:
509:
496:
397:
381:
144:
69:
2526:
1102:
Vietnamese Americans' income and social classes are diverse. In contrast to Vietnamese refugees who
827:) arrived and performed menial work during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. According to the
328:. There are approximately 2.3 million people of Vietnamese descent residing in the U.S. as of 2023.
7755:
7730:
6514:
6361:
6083:
6033:
5979:
5771:
5148:
4926:
1252:
1191:, barber shops and auto-repair businesses. Restaurants owned by Vietnamese Americans tend to serve
1027:, won a 1981 antitrust suit against the Klan, disbanding the "private army of white supremacists."
670:
649:
642:
628:
417:
237:
4140:
4115:""U.S. Legislation Regarding Amerasians". Amerasian Foundation; website retrieved January 3, 2007"
1548:
began in 2022. According to a AAPI.org survey, 46% of Vietnamese Americans supported Trump in the
7692:
7299:
6841:
6011:
5947:
4862:
4675:
4289:
3223:
3037:
3023:"The Determinants of Vietnamese American Political Participation: Findings from the January 2000
2004:
1984:
ignored by their American parent; in Vietnam, the fatherless children of foreign men were called
1533:
to praise the Hong Kong protesters. The song went viral among Vietnamese and Hong Kong citizens.
1334:
663:
593:
413:
3629:"New Orleans: A Village Called Versailles: After tragedy, a community finds its political voice"
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or second generation Americans. As many as one million people five years of age and older speak
7479:
6038:
5893:
5764:
4807:
4781:
4171:
3793:"There's a reason the South Vietnamese flag flew during the Capitol riot - The Washington Post"
2964:"Naturalization rate among U.S. immigrants up since 2005, with India among the biggest gainers"
2017:
1973:
settlers and soldiers (and sometimes Hoa) during the French colonial period (1883–1945) or the
1667:
1474:
1328:
691:
269:
84:
74:
4366:
The Vietnamese American 1.5 Generation: Stories of War, Revolution, Flight, and New Beginnings
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4001:
2425:
35:
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2722:, vol I, edited by Susan Gall and Irene Natividad, 165-173. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1996
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840:
677:
621:
369:
3993:
3310:
1580:
throughout the country. Many Vietnamese Americans gained headlines for participating in the
7649:
7639:
7629:
7619:
7571:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7442:
6881:
6846:
6836:
6673:
6461:
6415:
6281:
6256:
6078:
6016:
5908:
5233:
5195:
5049:
5019:
4750:
4583:
4516:
3735:
3167:
2868:
2085:
1434:
1142:
1123:
919:
876:
844:
740:
733:
719:
635:
586:
425:
265:
1181:(especially first or second-generation immigrants) have opened supermarkets, restaurants,
347:
in 1975. More than half of Vietnamese Americans reside in the two most populous states of
8:
7644:
7614:
7604:
7594:
7474:
7368:
6967:
6960:
6938:
6916:
6911:
6799:
6720:
6539:
6476:
6446:
6398:
6388:
6341:
6317:
6271:
6266:
6114:
5984:
5942:
5873:
5858:
5853:
5749:
5395:
5248:
5218:
5170:
5160:
5138:
5105:
5098:
5088:
5032:
5027:
4553:
4459:
3797:
1974:
1820:
1675:
1632:
1628:
1394:
1311:
1111:
989:
970:
935:
931:
880:
373:
309:
293:
261:
65:
3575:
1409:, and other areas, and have attained public office at the local and statewide levels in
1381:
is attractive to older and first-generation Vietnamese Americans who arrived during the
7667:
7634:
7624:
7599:
7508:
7447:
7432:
7417:
6886:
6856:
6784:
6762:
6730:
6708:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6640:
6601:
6591:
6586:
6549:
6524:
6451:
6393:
6356:
6305:
6300:
6172:
6165:
6150:
6133:
6109:
6088:
6073:
6063:
6048:
6028:
6006:
5952:
5883:
5848:
5475:
5301:
5223:
5165:
5155:
5093:
5069:
5064:
5037:
4417:
Not an American Dream: first-generation Vietnamese females’ success in higher education
4399:
From Vietnam to America: A chronicle of the Vietnamese immigration to the United States
4118:
3971:
3580:
3457:
3435:
2810:
2156:
2049:
1889:
1192:
393:
325:
4067:
3155:
1724:) and visits to their ancestors' graves. For Vietnamese Americans, the celebration of
7725:
7609:
7551:
7484:
6943:
6928:
6921:
6891:
6851:
6826:
6809:
6767:
6735:
6725:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6628:
6623:
6616:
6606:
6544:
6529:
6471:
6466:
6434:
6403:
6366:
6351:
6334:
6293:
6261:
6239:
6212:
6160:
6058:
6053:
6043:
6001:
5989:
5878:
5828:
5253:
5243:
5213:
5175:
5133:
5110:
5044:
4033:
4005:
3994:
3975:
3861:
3683:
3512:
3484:
3341:
3102:
2905:
2846:
2413:
2232:
2034:
1946:
1917:
1749:
1621:
1519:
1488:
1215:
1150:
999:
769:
554:
437:
317:
305:
277:
257:
160:
108:
94:
7341:
7155:
5501:
4204:
3839:"Vietnamese community reacts after South Vietnam flag flies at violent Capitol riot"
3411:
2940:
1616:
7561:
7556:
7546:
7526:
7205:
7083:
7003:
6933:
6906:
6876:
6789:
6772:
6750:
6668:
6579:
6574:
6564:
6500:
6408:
6381:
6371:
6346:
6312:
6244:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6207:
6155:
6145:
6138:
6119:
6095:
6068:
5974:
5707:
5190:
5180:
5143:
5076:
4995:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4818:
4454:
3963:
3197:
3003:
2628:
2061:
1958:
1862:
1522:
1511:
1393:
by 60 percentage points during the 2008 presidential election. According to a 2012
1314:
study, Vietnamese Americans are among the most-assimilated immigrant groups in the
469:
321:
207:
180:
170:
122:
4428:
Toward a Framework for Vietnamese American Studies: History, Community, and Memory
3653:"Pro-Hong Kong demonstrations in U.S. met with China-supporting counterprotesters"
2881:
2364:"2012 American Community Survey: Selected Population Profile in the United States"
2153:"ACS Selected Population Profile in the United States (2018 ACS 1-Year Estimates)"
1945:
between Cantonese and Vietnamese to speak to both Hoa immigrants from Vietnam and
1718:
1544:, and have as well at the same time been the most supportive of Ukraine since the
1145:, the economic difference can be seen in the Vietnamese American neighborhoods of
7521:
7469:
7110:
7073:
7028:
6955:
6804:
6794:
6757:
6740:
6713:
6648:
6569:
6554:
6534:
6456:
6439:
6420:
6376:
6286:
6276:
6249:
6234:
6190:
5759:
5238:
5228:
5185:
5059:
5054:
5000:
4985:
4949:
4230:
3533:
3441:
2887:
2797:
2107:
1950:
1901:
1800:
1708:
1662:
1503:
1338:
1290:
1265:
1196:
859:
followed by more than 5,000 in 1976–1977. They arrived at reception camps in the
313:
281:
273:
223:
185:
89:
3546:"List of states and cities that recognize the Vietnam Freedom and Heritage Flag"
3337:"Orange County's final vote tally puts 2 Vietnamese Americans in winners' seats"
867:
before being transferred to temporary housing at U.S. military bases, including
7702:
7363:
7316:
7180:
7175:
7140:
7125:
6703:
6519:
6486:
5964:
5959:
5263:
3297:
2099:
2030:
1942:
1897:
1830:
1637:
1406:
1378:
1362:
1319:
1295:
1177:
1162:
900:
832:
385:
155:
132:
4224:
4197:""Vietnamese-Amerasians: Where Do They Belong?" Thanh Tran; December 16, 1999"
3056:"Protest and Political Incorporation: Vietnamese American Protests, 1975–2001"
1878:
1526:
1480:
Some Vietnamese Americans have lobbied city and state governments to make the
1204:
339:
The Vietnamese community in the United States was minimal until the exodus of
245:
7779:
7408:
7279:
7227:
7215:
7210:
7200:
7190:
7185:
7105:
7078:
7068:
7063:
7058:
6611:
5734:
3275:
3007:
1970:
1605:
1536:
Among Asian Americans, Vietnamese Americans have been the most supportive of
1315:
1218:), the first Vietnamese American business center in Little Saigon, California
1188:
1173:
887:) to help them find financial and personal support from sponsors in the U.S.
836:
656:
457:
433:
409:
340:
232:
165:
127:
4345:
3526:
2931:"Civic Report No. 53: Measuring Immigrant Assimilation in the United States"
1168:
Many Vietnamese Americans have established businesses in Little Saigons and
440:. The Vietnamese immigration pattern has shifted to other cities, including
7388:
7264:
7048:
4434:
3759:"Opinion: The Asian American voters who could help Trump win a second term"
3055:
2633:
2615:
Tran, Vinh; Paik, Susan; Kula, Stacy; Garcia, Iraise; Saito, Erika (2021).
1954:
1905:
1854:
1537:
1418:
1390:
1183:
1020:
872:
811:
550:
117:
78:
3967:
1920:, how Vietnamese ethnic groups view themselves may affect that reporting.
1640:
pattern while trying to maintain close ties with their extended families.
1389:(AALDEF) poll found that Vietnamese Americans aged 18–29 favored Democrat
7383:
7304:
7284:
7170:
7043:
6948:
4500:
2025:
1938:
1933:
1845:
Forty-three percent of Vietnamese Americans are Buddhists. Many practice
1492:
1454:
1374:
1342:
1236:
963:
939:
892:
860:
824:
421:
344:
331:
175:
7346:
7289:
7120:
4623:
4385:
3161:"National Asian American Survey: Asian Americans and the 2008 Election"
1929:
1810:
1746:(Wandering Souls' Day, on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month) and
1515:
1462:
1410:
1366:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1228:
1224:
1169:
1134:
904:
348:
228:
136:
7393:
7145:
4522:
1153:, many Vietnamese work as restaurant cooks, repairmen and movers. The
843:
data, more than 30 percent of the heads of first-wave households were
7720:
7697:
7672:
7398:
7294:
7150:
7100:
7018:
5306:
4445:
Behind the Smoke and Mirrors: The Vietnamese in California, 1975–1994
3156:
1980:
1557:
1553:
1446:
1438:
1426:
1232:
982:
959:
955:
951:
301:
7130:
4512:
4474:
1009:
854:
Vietnamese refugees at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, during the late 1970s
7677:
7331:
7321:
7249:
7222:
7135:
7115:
7053:
7033:
7013:
7008:
4450:
3777:
3657:
3480:"Indicted Louisiana Rep. William J. Jefferson loses reelection bid"
3363:"Top 10 web hosting companies 2017 - sites & providers reviews"
2021:
1961:
as a third (or fourth) language in business and other interaction.
1882:
1846:
1790:
1573:
1442:
947:
943:
453:
241:
219:
112:
4918:
3813:"Why the defunct South Vietnam flag was flown at the Capitol riot"
3773:"Why the defunct South Vietnam flag was flown at the Capitol riot"
3159:; Taeku Lee; S. Karthick Ramakrishnan; Janelle Wong (2008-10-06).
400:(184,153, or 6.1 percent of the county's population), followed by
7756:
Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
7489:
7403:
7378:
7326:
7311:
7195:
7023:
6993:
5712:
3603:"After Katrina, Vietnamese become political force in New Orleans"
3095:
2065:
1858:
1692:) the most important. Falling in late January or early February,
1609:
1326:
as well as other issues with the communist government. In a 2000
1304:
1240:
1200:
969:
The plight of the boat people compelled the U.S. to act, and the
449:
429:
140:
4506:
3706:"Vietnamese stand in solidarity with ongoing Hong Kong protests"
2842:"On anniversary, Vietnamese Americans reflect on their journeys"
2617:"Vietnamese Americans: History, Education, and Societal Context"
1210:
850:
7682:
7274:
7259:
7254:
7242:
7237:
7165:
7095:
6998:
6777:
4484:
3394:"Fort Hood's Luong to become first Vietnamese-American general"
2053:
1850:
1461:
as their party's endorsed candidate. In 2008, Katrina activist
1278:
1274:
1248:
465:
445:
441:
4408:
In Camps: Vietnamese Refugees, Asylum-Seekers, and Repatriates
3079:"Little Saigon Vigil Protests Vietnam Human Rights Violations"
2310:"Southeast Asian Americans State Populations 2010 U.S. Census"
2123:
List of U.S. cities with large Vietnamese-American populations
1365:, compared to the 28 percent voting for Democratic challenger
1349:
because it was seen as more sympathetic to communism than the
966:
from which they entered countries that agreed to accept them.
7373:
7356:
7336:
7269:
7232:
7160:
7090:
4447:(PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 2007).
4425:
Ho Peché, Linda; Vo, Alex-Thai Dinh; Vu, Tuong, eds. (2023).
3412:"About this Collection - United States Elections Web Archive"
2621:
Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement
2287:. Microsoft Encarta Online. Encyclopedia 2008. Archived from
2045:
1502:
in June 2019, Vietnamese Americans have been the most active
1414:
993:
Congregation Of The Mother Coredemptrix in Carthage, Missouri
908:
884:
772:, which was higher than the average for all Asian Americans.
461:
352:
4462:: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States
3076:
2778:
Nguyen-Hong-Nhiem, Lucy and Joel M.Halpen. "Vietnamese". In
2000:
legitimization have had an arguably more favorable outlook.
7687:
7038:
2962:
Gonzalez-Barrera, Ana; Krogstad, Jens Manuel (2018-01-18).
2178:"Vietnamese American Populations by Metro Area 2010 Census"
1244:
864:
3594:
2865:"Survey of Business Owners - Vietnamese-Owned Firms: 2002"
1873:. Vietnamese are a major ethnic group notable among Asian
1518:, where their largest community exists. They clashed with
1345:
issues. Although few Vietnamese Americans enrolled in the
1273:
to family members in Vietnam. Vietnamese entrepreneurs in
1247:
industry and account for 45 to 85 percent of the region's
3680:"Hong Kong protests: Vietnamese immigrants rally in L.A."
1904:. There are also Theravada-based Vietnamese temples like
1893:
1049:
4347:
Negotiating (In)Visibility in the Cham American Diaspora
3034:
2000 Annual Meeting of the Association of Asian American
2961:
1885:
are two of the other religions of Vietnamese Americans.
7752:
Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity
3096:
My-Thuan Tran & Christian Berthelsen (2008-02-29).
2383:
2381:
2037:, and see itself part of Vietnamese American diaspora.
1595:
Union of North American Vietnamese Student Associations
1401:
Vietnamese Americans have exercised political power in
4495:
Other oral history projects about Vietnamese Americans
4485:
Viet Stories: Vietnamese American Oral History Project
3856:
Bronner, Simon J.; Clark, Cindy Dell (21 March 2016).
2487:"The Vietnamese Population in the United States: 2010"
1529:, a famed Vietnamese American singer, wrote a song in
335:
Spread of the Vietnamese language in the United States
5531:
4308:"Chương 02:Người Thái (Việt Nam) - thuvien20letuuyen"
4090:"Amerasian Citizenship Initiative - Issue Background"
2332:
2330:
1674:
Vietnamese Americans observe holidays based on their
4848:
4477:, Vietnam Center & Sam Johnson Vietnam Archive,
3991:
3508:"Vietnamese immigrants mark Black April anniversary"
3077:
Nancy Wride; Harrison Sheppard (February 27, 1999).
2378:
2075:
922:
take Vietnamese refugees from a small craft in 1975.
3054:Ong, Nhu-Ngoc T.; Meyer, David S. (April 1, 2004).
2519:
1473:; Cao was the first Vietnamese American elected to
1110:, and similar to their counterparts who arrived in
553:than the Vietnamese in Vietnam. Christians (mainly
2614:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2457:. Migration Information Source. 13 September 2018.
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2327:
2215:
1916:Although census data counts those who identify as
1223:small number are owned by Vietnamese Americans of
1165:'s computer, networking and aerospace industries.
308:ancestry. They comprise approximately half of all
3600:
3576:"A New Landfill in New Orleans Sets Off a Battle"
2901:"Vietnamese nail down the U.S. manicure business"
1453:from 2001 to 2003 and the chief architect of the
1445:was elected to the California state legislature.
1010:Vietnamese Fishermen's Association Antitrust Suit
7777:
3190:
2714:
2712:
1783:Religious Makeup of Vietnamese-Americans (2012)
1767:
1761:
1755:
1747:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1716:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1679:
1653:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1042:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2557:
2541:"U.S. Immigrant Population by State and County"
2432:
1451:Assistant Attorney General of the United States
1387:Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund
1243:), Vietnamese Americans are involved with the
897:Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act
7806:Southeast Asian diaspora in the United States
5517:
4934:
4834:
4538:
3884:. PewResearch Social & Demographic Trends
3626:
3334:
2977:
2898:
2867:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2471:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
2253:"Pew Forum - Vietnamese Americans' Religions"
979:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
343:refugees to the country following the end of
4424:
4327:"Vietnamese Americans Who Aren't Vietnamese"
3855:
3573:
2924:
2922:
2689:
2592:"Vietnamese Immigrants in the United States"
2589:
2451:"Vietnamese Immigrants in the United States"
2280:
3987:
3985:
3308:
2859:
2857:
2718:Wieder, Rosalie. "Vietnamese American". In
2570:"Vietnamese | Data on Asian Americans"
2237:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1964:
1612:in Little Saigon, Orange County, California
549:Vietnamese Americans are more likely to be
5524:
5510:
4941:
4927:
4841:
4827:
4545:
4531:
4501:Vietnamese in the Diaspora Digital Archive
2987:
2815:University of North Carolina School of Law
2757:
1643:Vietnamese family culture is reflected in
34:
4117:. Amerasianfoundation.org. Archived from
3272:"Mayor Bao Nguyen - City of Garden Grove"
2919:
2632:
2356:
1562:disliking mainland China's trade policies
376:at home, making it the fifth-most-spoken
7786:Vietnamese diaspora in the United States
3982:
3053:
3047:
2854:
2750:
2748:
2211:
2209:
2133:Vietnamese language in the United States
1661:
1615:
1604:
1294:
1209:
988:
913:
849:
330:
52:0.7% of the total U.S. population (2018)
16:Americans of Vietnamese birth or descent
7811:Political refugees in the United States
7721:People of the United States / Americans
5970:Southeast Africans in the United States
5928:African immigrants to the United States
4552:
4435:online book review and further readings
4028:Prebish, Charles S. (1 December 2003).
4027:
4023:
4021:
3220:"GOP Losing Vietnamese American Voters"
3193:"Asian-Americans step up to ballot box"
3151:
3149:
2936:Manhattan Institute for Policy Research
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2469:"ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES"
1588:
1491:, the Vietnamese American community in
1299:Vietnamese Americans marching with the
1141:engineering and machine assembling. In
7778:
5997:Southern Africans in the United States
5839:Afro-Caribbean / West Indian Americans
4410:(University of California Press, 2020)
4350:(Thesis) – via escholarship.org.
3927:
3925:
3020:
3014:
2928:
2145:
1582:January 6 United States Capitol attack
1576:to support his re-election during the
1467:Louisiana's 2nd congressional district
1459:United States House of Representatives
829:Immigration and Naturalization Service
797:
489:
7791:American people of Vietnamese descent
5933:Central Africans in the United States
5505:
4922:
4822:
4526:
3992:Laderman, Gary; Luis D. León (2003).
3953:
3904:"Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths"
3391:
3217:
3036:. Scottsdale, Arizona. Archived from
2993:
2218:"Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths"
2206:
1620:Vietnamese Americans celebrating the
1284:
895:and Congress both agreed to pass the
355:, primarily their large urban areas.
5904:Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans
4475:Vietnamese American Heritage Project
4343:
4032:. JBE Online Books. pp. 68–69.
4018:
3538:
3146:
2725:
1301:Vietnamese Heritage and Freedom Flag
805:
57:Regions with significant populations
7801:Asian diaspora in the United States
6973:White Hispanic and Latino Americans
6196:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans
6129:North Africans in the United States
5916:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans
4948:
4464:. New York: Russell Sage Foundation
3934:ASIAN AMERICANS: A MOSAIC OF FAITHS
3922:
3874:
3505:
3191:Stephanie Ebbert (April 26, 2005).
2839:
2590:Harjanto, Laura; Batalova, Jeanne.
2338:"Vietnamese in the U.S. Fact Sheet"
1911:
1035:
1030:
13:
6024:West Africans in the United States
5899:Stateside Virgin Islands Americans
4358:
4324:
4064:"Vietnamerica: The War Comes Home"
3756:
3605:. Associated Press. Archived from
3274:. 15 December 2014. Archived from
3021:Collet, Christian (May 26, 2000).
2821:from the original on March 7, 2016
2811:"The KKK and Vietnamese Fishermen"
2720:Reference Library of Asian America
2387:
2118:List of Vietnamese American groups
1666:Vietnamese community float at the
1649:anniversary of an ancestor's death
1431:Orange County Board of Supervisors
484:
14:
7822:
7568:Americans of Euro Oceanic origin
6902:Nordic and Scandinavian Americans
5533:Demographics of the United States
4468:
4290:"Vài nét về người Thái ở nước ta"
3309:Representatives, Texas House of.
3129:"OC Blog: Post-Election Spinning"
3060:Center for the Study of Democracy
2216:POLL July 19, 2012 (2012-07-19).
2011:
1988:("mixed race") or the pejorative
1369:. In a poll conducted before the
1264:. Eighty percent of California's
743:.......................... 8,900
713:San Bernardino County, California
7746:Race and ethnicity in the census
5834:African diaspora in the Americas
5337:Internment of Japanese Americans
5009:
4489:University of California, Irvine
4344:Cham, Asiroh (October 2, 2012).
4030:Buddhism—the American Experience
3836:
3601:Michael Kunzelman (2007-10-31).
3456:. 4 October 2006. Archived from
3311:"Texas House of Representatives"
2808:
2092:
2078:
977:(ODP) was established under the
5844:Antiguan and Barbudan Americans
4337:
4318:
4300:
4282:
4264:
4235:
4218:
4189:
4157:
4133:
4107:
4082:
4056:
4046:
3947:
3896:
3860:. ABC-CLIO, 2016. p. 647.
3849:
3830:
3805:
3785:
3765:
3750:
3723:
3698:
3672:
3645:
3620:
3567:
3520:
3499:
3472:
3446:
3429:
3404:
3385:
3355:
3328:
3302:
3290:
3264:
3248:. 30 April 2014. Archived from
3238:
3211:
3184:
3121:
3098:"Leaning left in Little Saigon"
3089:
3070:
2955:
2892:
2875:
2833:
2802:
2785:
2665:
2641:
2608:
2583:
2533:
2510:
2479:
2461:
2390:"American FactFinder - Results"
2128:Vietnam–United States relations
1597:for current or future members.
1097:
748:Contra Costa County, California
736:........................ 9,000
358:
7796:Vietnamese diaspora by country
5889:Kittian and Nevisian Americans
5864:Dominican Americans (Dominica)
4243:"Asian Art ← Finest Asian Art"
4092:. AmerasianUSA. Archived from
3996:Religion and American cultures
3488:. Associated Press. 2008-12-07
2302:
2274:
2245:
2170:
1839: Religion not stated (1%)
1514:, organizing vocal marches in
1355:National Asian American Survey
1199:or both, and have popularized
727:Suffolk County, Massachusetts
680:...................... 13,100
657:San Francisco City, California
615:Sacramento County, California
589:...................... 74,800
580:Los Angeles County, California
573:Santa Clara County, California
1:
7425:Hispanic and Latino Americans
4373:Journal of Vietnamese Studies
4325:Do, Minh (January 23, 2017).
2996:Journal of Vietnamese Studies
2138:
775:
755:Norfolk County, Massachusetts
722:...................... 9,900
624:..................... 23,600
100:Twin Cities metropolitan area
7495:Indigenous Mexican Americans
3627:S. Leo Chiang (2008-08-28).
3335:My-Thuan Tran (2008-12-02).
2899:My-Thuan Tran (2008-05-05).
2259:. 2012-07-18. Archived from
2113:List of Vietnamese Americans
1633:Vietnamese traditional dress
1487:During the months following
788:
760:
699:Snohomish County, Washington
685:Riverside County, California
638:.................... 22,100
601:San Diego County, California
105:Washington metropolitan area
7:
7736:Maps of American ancestries
7532:French Polynesian Americans
5869:Dutch West Indian Americans
4364:Chan, Sucheng, ed. (2006).
3757:Vu, Baoky (6 August 2020).
3633:Public Broadcasting Service
3574:Leslie Eaton (2006-05-06).
2780:American Immigrant Cultures
2368:United States Census Bureau
2071:
1775:
1546:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1429:is part of the five-member
1025:Southern Poverty Law Center
1014:Vietnamese refugees in the
706:Montgomery County, Maryland
312:and are the fourth-largest
10:
7827:
7517:Pacific Islander Americans
4513:US–Vietnam Research Center
4507:Vietnamese Heritage Museum
4431:. Temple University Press.
3506:Anh, Do (April 25, 2015).
2929:Vigdor, Jacob (May 2008).
2596:Migration Policy Institute
2545:Migration Policy Institute
1600:
1550:2020 presidential election
1542:2016 presidential election
1371:2008 presidential election
1359:2004 presidential election
1288:
817:
694:.................. 20,700
608:Alameda County, California
7716:
7708:Punjabi Mexican Americans
7658:
7587:
7507:
6981:
6832:Liechtensteiner Americans
6639:
6183:
5821:
5810:
5678:
5548:
5539:
5406:
5386:East and Southeast Asians
5345:
5317:
5285:Asian Hispanic and Latino
5277:
5204:
5119:
5018:
5007:
4956:
4857:
4800:
4774:
4689:
4611:
4576:
4560:
3956:American Catholic Studies
3858:Youth Cultures in America
3532:October 14, 2007, at the
3454:"Tan Nguyen for Congress"
2058:Orange County, California
1994:Orderly Departure Program
1506:rallying in favor of the
1423:California State Assembly
975:Orderly Departure Program
650:Maricopa County, Arizona
629:Fairfax County, Virginia
566:Orange County, California
504:—
398:Orange County, California
382:American Community Survey
363:
256:
251:
231:(20%) •
222:(43%) •
218:
213:
202:
197:
61:
56:
47:
42:
33:
7731:Native American ancestry
6506:Hungarian Slovak Gypsies
6362:Indo-Caribbean Americans
6084:Sierra Leonean Americans
6034:Bissau-Guinean Americans
5980:South Sudanese Americans
3008:10.1525/jvs.2016.11.2.43
2796:January 4, 2006, at the
1965:Eurasians and Amerasians
1471:House of Representatives
671:Multnomah County, Oregon
643:Gwinnett County, Georgia
631:................ 22,600
238:Vietnamese folk religion
7693:Louisiana Creole people
6842:Luxembourgish Americans
6012:South African Americans
5948:Equatoguinean Americans
4384:58 (2): 2006: 329–352;
4375:1 (1–2): 2006: 410–433;
4229:March 23, 2007, at the
3416:The Library of Congress
2840:Anh, Do (May 1, 2015).
2673:"Nguyen - Ancestry.com"
2649:"Truong - Ancestry.com"
2040:
2005:American Homecoming Act
1908:in Port Arthur, Texas.
1335:Westminster, California
1251:business. However, the
666:............... 13,900
664:Fort Bend County, Texas
596:............... 34,800
594:King County, Washington
316:ethnic group following
7480:Puerto Rican Americans
6039:Cape Verdean Americans
5894:Saint Lucian Americans
5670:Ethnocultural politics
5638:Racial achievement gap
5568:Educational attainment
5373:Science and technology
5353:Arts and Entertainment
4808:Vietnamese boat people
3296:San Jose Councilwoman
3043:on September 10, 2008.
3025:Orange County Register
2634:10.7771/2153-8999.1201
1923:
1831:Evangelical Protestant
1768:
1762:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1732:
1726:
1717:
1707:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1680:
1671:
1668:Portland Rose Festival
1654:
1645:veneration of the dead
1624:
1613:
1552:, compared to 36% for
1329:Orange County Register
1307:
1219:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1043:
994:
923:
855:
810:Vietnam's traditional
692:Orange County, Florida
622:Tarrant County, Texas
336:
297:
270:Vietnamese Australians
85:Sacramento, California
75:San Francisco Bay Area
7577:New Zealand Americans
7542:Micronesian Americans
7537:Marshallese Americans
7438:Costa Rican Americans
6897:Sammarinese Americans
6867:Montenegrin Americans
6597:Azerbaijani Americans
6560:Palestinian Americans
6482:Singaporean Americans
6330:Bangladeshi Americans
5938:Cameroonian Americans
5660:Unemployment by state
5297:Multiracial Americans
4479:Texas Tech University
3968:10.1353/acs.2019.0014
3882:"Vietnamese American"
2966:. Pew Research Center
2527:"Vietnamese-American"
2394:Factfinder.census.gov
2388:Bureau, U.S. Census.
2257:Projects.pewforum.org
1918:ethnically Vietnamese
1867:Chinese folk religion
1665:
1619:
1608:
1566:currency manipulation
1482:flag of South Vietnam
1383:Reagan administration
1298:
1289:Further information:
1213:
992:
930:," which were really
917:
853:
845:medical professionals
841:U.S. State Department
734:Travis County, Texas
678:Cook County, Illinois
645:............. 17,400
636:Dallas County, Texas
568:............ 148,900
476:Historical population
334:
252:Related ethnic groups
7650:Venezuelan Americans
7640:Surinamese Americans
7630:Paraguayan Americans
7620:Ecuadorian Americans
7572:Australian Americans
7463:Salvadoran Americans
7458:Panamanian Americans
7453:Nicaraguan Americans
7443:Guatemalan Americans
6882:Portuguese Americans
6847:Macedonian Americans
6837:Lithuanian Americans
6674:Belarusian Americans
6492:Vietnamese Americans
6462:Indonesian Americans
6416:Sri Lankan Americans
6282:Fuzhounese Americans
6079:Senegalese Americans
6017:Zimbabwean Americans
5909:Vincentian Americans
5358:Broadcast journalism
4850:Vietnamese Americans
4517:University of Oregon
4401:(Routledge, 2019). .
4177:on December 12, 2006
4000:. ABC-CLIO. p.
3736:Hong Kong Free Press
3609:on December 10, 2008
2284:Vietnamese Americans
2086:United States portal
2008:citizenship status.
1589:Student associations
1377:. The party's vocal
1310:According to a 2008
1143:San Jose, California
1076:) and relationship (
986:and asylum-seekers.
920:USS Durham (LKA-114)
877:Eglin Air Force Base
741:Collin County, Texas
720:Clark County, Nevada
587:Harris County, Texas
378:language in the U.S.
290:Vietnamese Americans
266:Vietnamese Canadians
23:Vietnamese Americans
7645:Uruguayan Americans
7615:Colombian Americans
7605:Brazilian Americans
7595:Argentine Americans
7475:Dominican Americans
7369:Alaskan Athabaskans
6968:Non-Hispanic whites
6961:Ukrainian Americans
6939:Slovenian Americans
6917:Norwegian Americans
6912:Icelandic Americans
6800:Hungarian Americans
6746:Dagestani Americans
6721:Bulgarian Americans
6540:Jordanian Americans
6477:Malaysian Americans
6447:Cambodian Americans
6399:Pakistani Americans
6389:Maldivian Americans
6342:Bhutanese Americans
6318:Mongolian Americans
6272:Taiwanese Americans
6267:Hong Kong Americans
6115:Ethiopian Americans
5985:Tanzanian Americans
5943:Congolese Americans
5874:Grenadian Americans
5859:Bermudian Americans
5854:Barbadian Americans
5588:Housing segregation
5542:Demographic history
5396:Model minority myth
4554:Overseas Vietnamese
4460:Growing Up American
3908:Pew Research Center
3845:on 15 January 2021.
3798:The Washington Post
3392:Jankowski, Philip.
3278:on 15 December 2014
3135:on October 14, 2007
2677:Search.ancestry.com
2653:Search.ancestry.com
2455:Migrationpolicy.org
2400:on 13 February 2020
2342:Pewsocialtrends.org
1975:First Indochina War
1892:(Tịnh Độ Tông) and
1863:ancestor veneration
1821:Mainline Protestant
1686:(commonly known as
1676:Vietnamese calendar
1629:Vietnamese language
1498:Since the onset of
1421:is a member of the
1395:Pew Research Center
1312:Manhattan Institute
971:Refugee Act of 1980
936:Sino-Vietnamese War
932:concentration camps
881:Fort Indiantown Gap
798:English proficiency
652:........... 15,600
610:........... 28,300
477:
464:in particular) and
310:overseas Vietnamese
262:Overseas Vietnamese
244: •
240: •
151:Greater New Orleans
30:
7635:Peruvian Americans
7625:Guyanese Americans
7600:Bolivian Americans
7522:Chamorro Americans
7448:Honduran Americans
7433:Belizean Americans
7418:Canadian Americans
6887:Romanian Americans
6857:Moldovan Americans
6785:Galician Americans
6763:Estonian Americans
6731:Croatian Americans
6709:Scottish Americans
6664:Austrian Americans
6659:Asturian Americans
6654:Albanian Americans
6602:Georgian Americans
6592:Assyrian Americans
6587:Armenian Americans
6550:Lebanese Americans
6525:Bahraini Americans
6452:Filipino Americans
6394:Nepalese Americans
6357:Gujarati Americans
6306:Ryukyuan Americans
6301:Japanese Americans
6173:Sudanese Americans
6166:Tunisian Americans
6151:Algerian Americans
6134:Egyptian Americans
6110:Eritrean Americans
6089:Togolese Americans
6074:Nigerian Americans
6064:Liberian Americans
6049:Ghanaian Americans
6029:Beninese Americans
6007:Malawian Americans
5953:Gabonese Americans
5884:Jamaican Americans
5849:Bahamian Americans
5755:Moorish Scientists
5655:Standard of living
4443:Tran, Tuyen Ngoc.
4382:American Quarterly
3781:. 15 January 2021.
3581:The New York Times
3440:2006-10-04 at the
2886:2006-05-25 at the
2424:has generic name (
2281:James M. Freeman.
2157:U.S. Census Bureau
2050:Cambodian Genocide
1875:American Catholics
1672:
1625:
1614:
1572:were organized by
1510:(pro-Labor Union)
1500:Hong Kong protests
1337:who displayed the
1308:
1285:Political leanings
1227:ethnicity. In the
1220:
1193:Vietnamese cuisine
1147:Santa Clara County
1064:), social status (
1000:social safety nets
995:
928:re-education camps
924:
856:
687:.......... 12,000
475:
337:
326:Filipino Americans
22:
7773:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7726:American ancestry
7610:Chilean Americans
7552:Palauan Americans
7485:Mexican Americans
6944:Spanish Americans
6929:Serbian Americans
6922:Swedish Americans
6892:Russian Americans
6872:Occitan Americans
6862:Monacan Americans
6852:Maltese Americans
6827:Latvian Americans
6822:Kosovan Americans
6810:Italian Americans
6768:Finnish Americans
6736:Cypriot Americans
6726:Catalan Americans
6699:English Americans
6694:Cornish Americans
6689:British Americans
6684:Bosnian Americans
6679:Belgian Americans
6629:Turkish Americans
6624:Kurdish Americans
6617:Israeli Americans
6607:Iranian Americans
6545:Kuwaiti Americans
6530:Emirati Americans
6472:Laotian Americans
6467:Iu Mien Americans
6435:Burmese Americans
6404:Punjabi Americans
6367:Punjabi Americans
6352:Bengali Americans
6335:Bengali Americans
6294:Tibetan Americans
6262:Chinese Americans
6240:Turkmen Americans
6213:Pashtun Americans
6161:Moroccan American
6059:Ivorian Americans
6054:Guinean Americans
6044:Gambian Americans
6002:Angolan Americans
5990:Ugandan Americans
5879:Haitian Americans
5829:African Americans
5628:Racial inequality
5598:Income inequality
5563:Gender inequality
5499:
5498:
4916:
4915:
4816:
4815:
4742:
4730:
4642:
4604:
4592:
4392:2023. 30494382).
4121:on March 27, 2012
4070:on March 24, 2006
4039:978-0-9747055-0-7
4011:978-1-57607-238-7
3819:. 15 January 2021
3684:Los Angeles Times
3513:Los Angeles Times
3485:Los Angeles Times
3460:on 4 October 2006
3342:Los Angeles Times
3218:Yzaguirre, Mark.
3110:on March 14, 2008
3103:Los Angeles Times
3083:Los Angeles Times
2906:Los Angeles Times
2847:Los Angeles Times
2035:Laotian Americans
1947:ethnic Vietnamese
1859:animist practices
1847:Mahayana Buddhism
1570:pro-Trump rallies
1489:Hurricane Katrina
1324:reeducation camps
1216:Asian Garden Mall
1151:downtown San Jose
1104:settled in France
806:View of education
673:......... 13,300
603:......... 34,600
547:
546:
438:Dallas-Fort Worth
318:Chinese Americans
298:Người Mỹ gốc Việt
287:
286:
278:Chinese Americans
258:Vietnamese people
161:Philadelphia area
109:Northern Virginia
95:Dallas-Fort Worth
27:Người Mỹ gốc Việt
7818:
7562:Tongan Americans
7557:Samoan Americans
7547:Native Hawaiians
7527:Fijian Americans
7429:Central America
6989:Native Americans
6934:Slovak Americans
6907:Danish Americans
6877:Polish Americans
6790:German Americans
6773:French Americans
6751:Lezgin Americans
6669:Basque Americans
6612:Jewish Americans
6580:Yemeni Americans
6575:Syrian Americans
6565:Qatari Americans
6501:Romani Americans
6409:Sindhi Americans
6382:Telugu Americans
6372:Sindhi Americans
6347:Indian Americans
6313:Korean Americans
6245:Uyghur Americans
6230:Kyrgyz Americans
6225:Kazakh Americans
6220:Baloch Americans
6208:Afghan Americans
6156:Libyan Americans
6146:Berber Americans
6139:Coptic Americans
6120:Somali Americans
6096:Yoruba Americans
6069:Malian Americans
5975:Kenyan Americans
5819:
5818:
5812:By continent and
5583:Household income
5526:
5519:
5512:
5503:
5502:
5486:Washington, D.C.
5013:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4920:
4919:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4820:
4819:
4736:
4724:
4636:
4598:
4586:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4524:
4523:
4455:Carl L. Bankston
4432:
4406:Lipman, Jana K.
4352:
4351:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4312:sites.google.com
4304:
4298:
4297:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4272:"BBC Vietnamese"
4268:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4249:. Archived from
4247:Amerasianusa.org
4239:
4233:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4203:. Archived from
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4176:
4170:. Archived from
4169:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4066:. Archived from
4060:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4025:
4016:
4015:
3999:
3989:
3980:
3979:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3841:. Archived from
3837:Taft, Isabelle.
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3552:. Archived from
3542:
3536:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3450:
3444:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3369:. Archived from
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3252:on 30 April 2014
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3222:. Archived from
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3198:The Boston Globe
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3172:
3166:. Archived from
3165:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3131:. Archived from
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3106:. Archived from
3093:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3031:
3018:
3012:
3011:
2991:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2939:. Archived from
2926:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2896:
2890:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2806:
2800:
2789:
2783:
2776:
2755:
2752:
2723:
2716:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2566:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2492:. Archived from
2491:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2447:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2396:. Archived from
2385:
2376:
2375:
2370:. Archived from
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2312:. Archived from
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2213:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2187:. Archived from
2185:Hmongstudies.org
2182:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2149:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2020:, including the
1912:Ethnic subgroups
1865:) influenced by
1838:
1828:
1818:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1757:Tết Trung Nguyên
1753:
1745:
1742:Tết Trung Nguyên
1735:
1729:
1722:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1657:
1523:Mainland Chinese
1463:Anh "Joseph" Cao
1351:Republican Party
1347:Democratic Party
1266:nail technicians
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1046:
1036:Language barrier
1031:Community issues
1019:Americans." The
491:
486:
478:
474:
472:in particular).
341:South Vietnamese
322:Indian Americans
181:Honolulu, Hawaii
171:Denver, Colorado
123:San Diego County
43:Total population
38:
31:
29:
21:
7826:
7825:
7821:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7816:
7815:
7776:
7775:
7774:
7765:
7712:
7654:
7583:
7503:
7470:Cuban Americans
7111:Mission Indians
6977:
6956:Swiss Americans
6805:Irish Americans
6795:Greek Americans
6758:Dutch Americans
6741:Czech Americans
6714:Welsh Americans
6649:White Americans
6635:
6570:Saudi Americans
6555:Omani Americans
6535:Iraqi Americans
6457:Hmong Americans
6440:Karen Americans
6421:Tamil Americans
6377:Tamil Americans
6287:Hoklo Americans
6277:Hakka Americans
6250:Uzbek Americans
6235:Tajik Americans
6191:Asian Americans
6179:
6106:Horn of Africa
5814:ethnic ancestry
5813:
5806:
5772:Native American
5760:Nation of Islam
5750:Five Percenters
5674:
5643:Racial wage gap
5633:Race and health
5618:Personal income
5550:
5544:
5535:
5530:
5500:
5495:
5402:
5341:
5313:
5290:Punjabi Mexican
5273:
5206:Southeast Asian
5200:
5115:
5014:
5005:
4952:
4950:Asian Americans
4947:
4917:
4912:
4879:Massachusetts (
4853:
4847:
4817:
4812:
4796:
4770:
4685:
4607:
4572:
4556:
4551:
4471:
4440:2009. 3379510)
4415:Nguyen, Nhi T.
4361:
4359:Further reading
4356:
4355:
4342:
4338:
4323:
4319:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4294:thegioidisan.vn
4288:
4287:
4283:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4256:
4254:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4231:Wayback Machine
4223:
4219:
4210:
4208:
4207:on July 4, 2013
4195:
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4190:
4180:
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3990:
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3791:
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3610:
3599:
3595:
3586:
3584:
3572:
3568:
3559:
3557:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3534:Wayback Machine
3525:
3521:
3504:
3500:
3491:
3489:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3442:Wayback Machine
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3373:on 31 July 2012
3361:
3360:
3356:
3347:
3345:
3333:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3315:house.texas.gov
3307:
3303:
3295:
3291:
3281:
3279:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3226:on 12 July 2012
3216:
3212:
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2960:
2956:
2946:
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2927:
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2897:
2893:
2888:Wayback Machine
2880:
2876:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2807:
2803:
2798:Wayback Machine
2790:
2786:
2777:
2758:
2753:
2726:
2717:
2690:
2681:
2679:
2671:
2670:
2666:
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2655:
2647:
2646:
2642:
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2609:
2600:
2598:
2588:
2584:
2575:
2573:
2572:. 29 April 2021
2568:
2567:
2558:
2549:
2547:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2529:. EveryCulture.
2525:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2511:
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2500:
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2467:
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2411:
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2386:
2379:
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2357:
2347:
2345:
2344:. 29 April 2021
2336:
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2308:
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2207:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2108:Asian Americans
2098:
2093:
2091:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2043:
2014:
1967:
1953:, a variety of
1926:
1914:
1902:Thich Nhat Hanh
1843:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1826:
1824:
1816:
1814:
1806:
1804:
1796:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1603:
1591:
1504:Asian Americans
1339:flag of Vietnam
1322:, injustice in
1293:
1291:Hi-Tek incident
1287:
1214:Phước Lộc Thọ (
1197:Chinese cuisine
1100:
1038:
1033:
1012:
918:Crewmen of the
901:ethnic enclaves
820:
808:
800:
791:
778:
763:
555:Roman Catholics
366:
361:
282:Hmong Americans
274:Asian Americans
236:
227:
193:
186:Greater Orlando
90:Greater Houston
51:
25:
24:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7824:
7814:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
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7413:
7412:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7364:Alaska Natives
7361:
7360:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7342:Tohono Oʼodham
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
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7292:
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6807:
6802:
6797:
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6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6754:
6753:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6704:Manx Americans
6701:
6696:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6645:
6643:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6520:Arab Americans
6511:
6510:
6509:
6508:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6494:
6489:
6487:Thai Americans
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6430:Southeast Asia
6427:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6406:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6344:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6322:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6269:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
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6215:
6200:
6199:
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6187:
6185:
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6180:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6143:
6142:
6141:
6125:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6021:
6020:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5967:
5965:Igbo Americans
5962:
5960:Fula Americans
5957:
5956:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5825:
5823:
5816:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5792:Scientologists
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5765:Value Creators
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5695:
5690:
5684:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5613:Middle classes
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5578:Home-ownership
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5554:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5529:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5506:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5466:North Carolina
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5410:
5408:
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5403:
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5400:
5399:
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5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5149:Indo-Caribbean
5141:
5136:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5091:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5074:
5073:
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5062:
5057:
5052:
5050:Fuzhou/Hokchiu
5047:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5024:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5008:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4993:
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4953:
4946:
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4923:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4891:Pennsylvania (
4889:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4846:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4823:
4814:
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4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4766:United Kingdom
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4714:
4712:Czech Republic
4709:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4639:migrant brides
4631:
4626:
4621:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4593:
4580:
4578:
4574:
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4564:
4562:
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4557:
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4549:
4542:
4535:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4492:
4482:
4470:
4469:External links
4467:
4466:
4465:
4448:
4441:
4437:
4421:
4420:
4412:
4411:
4403:
4402:
4394:
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4360:
4357:
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4336:
4317:
4299:
4281:
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4217:
4188:
4156:
4132:
4106:
4081:
4055:
4045:
4038:
4017:
4010:
3981:
3946:
3921:
3910:. 19 July 2012
3895:
3873:
3867:978-1440833922
3866:
3848:
3829:
3804:
3784:
3764:
3749:
3722:
3697:
3671:
3644:
3619:
3593:
3566:
3537:
3519:
3498:
3471:
3445:
3428:
3403:
3384:
3354:
3327:
3301:
3298:Madison Nguyen
3289:
3263:
3237:
3210:
3183:
3145:
3120:
3088:
3069:
3046:
3013:
2986:
2976:
2954:
2918:
2891:
2874:
2871:on 2013-05-15.
2853:
2832:
2809:Chin, Andrew.
2801:
2784:
2756:
2724:
2688:
2664:
2640:
2607:
2582:
2556:
2532:
2518:
2509:
2478:
2475:on 2020-02-12.
2460:
2431:
2377:
2374:on 2020-02-12.
2355:
2326:
2301:
2273:
2244:
2205:
2194:on 25 May 2017
2169:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2100:Vietnam portal
2089:
2073:
2070:
2042:
2039:
2031:Thai Americans
2013:
2012:Ethnic Tai-Lao
2010:
1966:
1963:
1943:code-switching
1925:
1922:
1913:
1910:
1898:Thich Thien-An
1835:
1825:
1815:
1805:
1795:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1763:Tết Nguyên Đán
1682:Tết Nguyên Đán
1602:
1599:
1590:
1587:
1407:Silicon Valley
1379:anti-communism
1363:George W. Bush
1320:Indochina Wars
1286:
1283:
1195:, Vietnamized
1178:small business
1163:Silicon Valley
1120:United Kingdom
1116:Czech Republic
1099:
1096:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1011:
1008:
891:and President
879:(Florida) and
871:(California),
869:Camp Pendleton
833:fall of Saigon
819:
816:
807:
804:
799:
796:
790:
787:
777:
774:
762:
759:
757:....... 8,700
750:....... 8,800
659:...... 14,900
582:..... 95,100
575:..... 101,700
545:
544:
541:
538:
532:
531:
528:
525:
519:
518:
515:
512:
506:
505:
502:
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492:
487:
482:
386:Southeast Asia
365:
362:
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314:Asian American
285:
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249:
248:
216:
215:
211:
210:
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156:Greater Boston
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133:North Carolina
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59:
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9:
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7751:
7747:
7744:
7743:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7715:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7661:
7657:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7588:South America
7586:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7519:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7510:
7506:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7487:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7427:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7362:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7193:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6991:
6990:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6982:North America
6980:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6816:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6752:
6749:
6748:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6638:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
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6558:
6556:
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6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6417:
6414:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6182:
6174:
6171:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6147:
6144:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6097:
6094:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5922:
5921:Black Indians
5919:
5917:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5809:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5782:Non-religious
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5547:
5543:
5538:
5534:
5527:
5522:
5520:
5515:
5513:
5508:
5507:
5504:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5456:New York City
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5431:Metro Detroit
5429:
5425:
5424:San Francisco
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5405:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5060:Hoklo/Hokkien
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5012:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4958:Central Asian
4955:
4951:
4944:
4939:
4937:
4932:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4867:Orange County
4864:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4851:
4844:
4839:
4837:
4832:
4830:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4787:New Caledonia
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4602:
4597:
4596:United States
4594:
4590:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4548:
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4541:
4536:
4534:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4463:
4461:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4397:Kelly, G. P.
4396:
4395:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4349:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4328:
4321:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4253:on 2012-03-27
4252:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4206:
4202:
4201:Mtholyoke.edu
4198:
4192:
4173:
4166:
4160:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4096:on 2012-03-27
4095:
4091:
4085:
4069:
4065:
4059:
4049:
4041:
4035:
4031:
4024:
4022:
4013:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3997:
3988:
3986:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3950:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3926:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3883:
3877:
3869:
3863:
3859:
3852:
3844:
3840:
3833:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3760:
3753:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3608:
3604:
3597:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3570:
3556:on 2015-10-18
3555:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3523:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3502:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3399:
3398:Statesman.com
3395:
3388:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3331:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3187:
3173:on 2008-10-29
3169:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3092:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3026:
3017:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2980:
2965:
2958:
2943:on 2012-09-08
2942:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2925:
2923:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2836:
2825:September 18,
2820:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2528:
2522:
2513:
2499:on 2012-09-04
2495:
2488:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2427:
2415:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2316:on 2014-01-03
2315:
2311:
2305:
2291:on 2009-04-04
2290:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2263:on 2013-09-09
2262:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2240:
2234:
2219:
2212:
2210:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2090:
2087:
2076:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1977:(1946–1954).
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1802:
1792:
1784:
1773:
1770:
1769:Tết Trung Thu
1764:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1750:Tết Trung Thu
1744:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1622:Tết Trung Thu
1618:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1578:2020 campaign
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1520:pro-communist
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:pro-democracy
1505:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:Orange County
1399:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:United States
1313:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:beauty salons
1186:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1174:North America
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1007:
1003:
1001:
991:
987:
984:
980:
976:
972:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
921:
916:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
852:
848:
846:
842:
838:
837:South Vietnam
834:
830:
826:
815:
813:
803:
795:
786:
782:
773:
771:
766:
758:
756:
751:
749:
744:
742:
737:
735:
730:
729:...... 9,200
728:
723:
721:
716:
714:
709:
708:..... 10,000
707:
702:
700:
695:
693:
688:
686:
681:
679:
674:
672:
667:
665:
660:
658:
653:
651:
646:
644:
639:
637:
632:
630:
625:
623:
618:
617:..... 25,800
616:
611:
609:
604:
602:
597:
595:
590:
588:
583:
581:
576:
574:
569:
567:
562:
558:
556:
552:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
488:
483:
480:
479:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:Oklahoma City
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:San Francisco
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:Little Saigon
407:
403:
399:
395:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
333:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
247:
243:
239:
234:
233:Protestantism
230:
225:
221:
217:
212:
209:
205:
201:
196:
190:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
166:New York City
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
129:
128:Metro Atlanta
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
110:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
80:
76:
73:
71:
70:Orange County
67:
64:
63:
60:
55:
50:
46:
41:
37:
32:
28:
6491:
6203:Central Asia
5802:Zoroastrians
5650:Social class
5471:Philadelphia
5391:South Asians
5382:Stereotypes
5363:Demographics
5268:
4905:Washington (
4893:Philadelphia
4861:California (
4849:
4595:
4458:
4444:
4427:
4416:
4407:
4398:
4381:
4372:
4365:
4346:
4339:
4330:
4320:
4311:
4302:
4293:
4284:
4275:
4266:
4255:. Retrieved
4251:the original
4246:
4237:
4220:
4209:. Retrieved
4205:the original
4200:
4191:
4179:. Retrieved
4172:the original
4159:
4148:. Retrieved
4144:
4135:
4123:. Retrieved
4119:the original
4109:
4098:. Retrieved
4094:the original
4084:
4074:November 18,
4072:. Retrieved
4068:the original
4058:
4048:
4029:
3995:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3939:, retrieved
3933:
3914:12 September
3912:. Retrieved
3907:
3898:
3886:. Retrieved
3876:
3857:
3851:
3843:the original
3832:
3821:. Retrieved
3816:
3807:
3796:
3787:
3776:
3767:
3752:
3741:. Retrieved
3739:. 2019-07-24
3734:
3725:
3714:. Retrieved
3712:. 2019-12-16
3709:
3700:
3689:. Retrieved
3687:. 2019-12-15
3682:
3674:
3663:. Retrieved
3661:. 2019-09-05
3656:
3647:
3636:. Retrieved
3622:
3611:. Retrieved
3607:the original
3596:
3585:. Retrieved
3579:
3569:
3558:. Retrieved
3554:the original
3549:
3540:
3522:
3511:
3501:
3490:. Retrieved
3483:
3474:
3462:. Retrieved
3458:the original
3448:
3431:
3419:. Retrieved
3415:
3406:
3397:
3387:
3375:. Retrieved
3371:the original
3366:
3357:
3346:. Retrieved
3340:
3330:
3318:. Retrieved
3314:
3304:
3292:
3280:. Retrieved
3276:the original
3266:
3254:. Retrieved
3250:the original
3240:
3228:. Retrieved
3224:the original
3213:
3202:. Retrieved
3196:
3186:
3175:. Retrieved
3168:the original
3137:. Retrieved
3133:the original
3123:
3112:. Retrieved
3108:the original
3101:
3091:
3082:
3072:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3038:the original
3033:
3024:
3016:
3002:(2): 43–95.
2999:
2995:
2989:
2979:
2968:. Retrieved
2957:
2947:December 31,
2945:. Retrieved
2941:the original
2934:
2910:. Retrieved
2904:
2894:
2877:
2869:the original
2845:
2835:
2823:. Retrieved
2804:
2787:
2779:
2719:
2680:. Retrieved
2676:
2667:
2656:. Retrieved
2652:
2643:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2599:. Retrieved
2595:
2585:
2574:. Retrieved
2548:. Retrieved
2544:
2535:
2521:
2512:
2501:. Retrieved
2494:the original
2481:
2473:the original
2463:
2454:
2402:. Retrieved
2398:the original
2393:
2372:the original
2358:
2346:. Retrieved
2341:
2318:. Retrieved
2314:the original
2304:
2293:. Retrieved
2289:the original
2283:
2276:
2265:. Retrieved
2261:the original
2256:
2247:
2222:. Retrieved
2196:. Retrieved
2189:the original
2184:
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2147:
2044:
2018:Thái peoples
2015:
2002:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1968:
1955:Southern Min
1941:, generally
1927:
1915:
1906:Chua Buu Mon
1887:
1855:Confucianism
1844:
1811:Unaffiliated
1782:
1738:
1715:
1705:
1673:
1652:
1642:
1626:
1592:
1564:and alleged
1538:Donald Trump
1535:
1525:immigrants.
1497:
1486:
1479:
1469:seat in the
1419:Janet Nguyen
1400:
1391:Barack Obama
1327:
1309:
1221:
1182:
1167:
1139:
1132:
1101:
1039:
1021:Ku Klux Klan
1013:
1004:
996:
968:
925:
889:
875:(Arkansas),
873:Fort Chaffee
857:
821:
812:Confucianist
809:
801:
792:
783:
779:
770:poverty line
767:
764:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
703:
696:
689:
682:
675:
668:
661:
654:
647:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
605:
598:
591:
584:
577:
570:
563:
559:
548:
418:Garden Grove
390:
380:In the 2012
367:
359:Demographics
338:
289:
288:
229:Unaffiliated
118:Seattle area
48:
26:
19:Ethnic group
7741:2010 census
7660:Multiethnic
6949:Californios
6815:before 1880
5718:Protestants
5680:By religion
5593:Immigration
5549:By economic
5476:Puerto Rico
5419:Los Angeles
5327:Immigration
5259:Singaporean
5129:Bangladeshi
5121:South Asian
4887:Mississippi
4874:New Orleans
4872:Louisiana (
4852:by location
4792:New Zealand
4746:Netherlands
4671:Philippines
4433:; see also
4276:www.bbc.com
3962:(1): 1–36.
2422:|last=
2220:. Pew Forum
1939:Yue Chinese
1934:Han Chinese
1861:(including
1801:Catholicism
1512:Hongkongers
1493:New Orleans
1455:Patriot Act
1375:John McCain
1343:free speech
1271:remittances
1262:hair salons
1237:Mississippi
1172:throughout
964:Philippines
940:boat people
893:Gerald Ford
861:Philippines
825:Ho Chi Minh
701:... 10,500
422:Los Angeles
414:Westminster
406:Santa Clara
402:Los Angeles
345:Vietnam War
224:Catholicism
176:Chicagoland
66:Los Angeles
7780:Categories
7668:Afro-Asian
7290:Potawatomi
7121:Chemehuevi
6325:South Asia
5787:Rastafaris
5745:Ahmadiyyas
5698:Christians
5573:Emigration
5551:and social
5481:Washington
5414:California
5302:Afro-Asian
5269:Vietnamese
5234:Indonesian
5196:Sri Lankan
5033:Hongkonger
5020:East Asian
4331:Vietcetera
4257:2013-07-06
4211:2013-07-06
4150:2013-07-06
4100:2013-07-06
4053:Greenwood.
3941:2023-10-03
3888:2 December
3823:2021-12-04
3743:2020-01-27
3716:2020-01-27
3691:2020-01-27
3665:2020-01-27
3638:2008-09-02
3613:2008-11-06
3587:2008-09-02
3560:2013-08-07
3492:2008-12-07
3367:NCM Online
3348:2008-12-02
3204:2007-05-25
3177:2008-10-06
3139:2007-02-09
3114:2008-03-03
2970:2018-03-13
2912:2009-10-27
2682:2013-07-06
2658:2013-07-06
2601:2022-05-11
2576:2024-09-09
2550:2024-09-09
2503:2013-07-06
2404:8 December
2320:2014-01-02
2295:2009-02-07
2267:2013-07-06
2224:2013-07-06
2139:References
1981:Amerasians
1930:Hoa people
1871:Protestant
1709:bánh chưng
1631:, wearing
1540:since his
1516:California
1411:California
1367:John Kerry
1229:Gulf Coast
1187:bakeries,
1170:Chinatowns
1135:East Asian
1098:Employment
1016:Gulf Coast
962:, and the
905:California
776:Employment
551:Christians
394:Washington
374:Vietnamese
349:California
306:Vietnamese
294:Vietnamese
204:Vietnamese
137:Greensboro
7698:Melungeon
7673:Amerasian
7399:Tsimshian
7206:Chochenyo
7151:Kitanemuk
7101:Menominee
7084:Tuscarora
7019:Chickasaw
7004:Blackfeet
6515:West Asia
6257:East Asia
5777:Neopagans
5703:Catholics
5693:Buddhists
5558:Affluence
5446:Louisiana
5307:Amerasian
5249:Malaysian
5219:Cambodian
5171:Pakistani
5161:Maldivian
5139:Bhutanese
5106:Taiwanese
5099:Okinawans
5089:Mongolian
5082:in Hawaii
5070:in Hawaii
5028:Cantonese
4782:Australia
4676:Singapore
4629:Hong Kong
4145:House.gov
3976:166860652
3710:AsAm News
3464:17 August
3421:9 January
3377:9 January
3320:9 January
3282:17 August
3256:17 August
3157:Jane Junn
2198:9 January
2003:The 1988
1890:Pure Land
1719:bánh giầy
1647:. On the
1558:socialism
1554:Joe Biden
1531:July 2019
1447:Viet Dinh
1439:Hubert Vo
1427:Andrew Do
1235:, Texas,
1233:Louisiana
1159:Berryessa
1155:Evergreen
1128:Australia
983:Amerasian
960:Hong Kong
956:Indonesia
952:Singapore
789:Education
761:Economics
715:..10,000
540:1,548,449
527:1,122,528
302:Americans
198:Languages
145:Charlotte
49:2,183,000
7678:Blaxican
7490:Chicanos
7384:Gwich'in
7332:Shoshone
7322:Seminole
7250:Muscogee
7223:Tataviam
7186:Suisunes
7136:Diegueño
7116:Cahuilla
7074:Onondaga
7054:Iroquois
7034:Comanche
7029:Colville
7014:Cheyenne
7009:Cherokee
5603:Language
5491:Virginia
5451:Maryland
5368:Politics
5332:Military
5224:Filipino
5166:Nepalese
5156:Gujarati
5094:Ryukyuan
5065:Japanese
5038:Macanese
4863:San Jose
4702:Bulgaria
4666:Malaysia
4619:Cambodia
4577:Americas
4457:(1998).
4451:Min Zhou
4227:Archived
3817:NBC News
3778:NBC News
3658:NBC News
3550:Vatv.org
3530:Archived
3438:Archived
3230:13 April
2884:Archived
2819:Archived
2794:Archived
2414:cite web
2348:30 April
2233:cite web
2162:1 August
2072:See also
2062:Portland
2022:Laotians
1959:Mandarin
1883:Caodaism
1791:Buddhism
1776:Religion
1655:ngày giỗ
1574:Andy Ngo
1475:Congress
1449:was the
1443:Van Tran
1435:Rosemead
1231:region (
948:Malaysia
944:Thailand
470:Portland
454:Oklahoma
426:San Jose
242:Caodaism
220:Buddhism
214:Religion
113:Maryland
79:San Jose
7703:Mulatto
7509:Oceania
7404:Tlingit
7394:Iñupiat
7379:Alutiiq
7327:Shawnee
7312:Quechan
7196:Awaswas
7181:Serrano
7176:Salinan
7156:Luiseño
7146:Juaneño
7141:Esselen
7126:Chumash
7024:Choctaw
6994:Abenaki
5740:Muslims
5713:Mormons
5708:Coptics
5688:Baha'is
5623:Poverty
5441:Houston
5407:Regions
5319:History
5244:Laotian
5214:Burmese
5176:Punjabi
5134:Bengali
5111:Tibetan
5045:Chinese
4991:Turkmen
4907:Seattle
4900:Houston
4898:Texas (
4801:Related
4775:Oceania
4734:Germany
4717:Finland
4697:Belgium
4601:by city
4589:Toronto
4568:Senegal
4181:May 20,
4125:July 6,
2066:Seattle
1990:bụi đời
1986:con lai
1951:Teochew
1879:Hòa Hảo
1678:, with
1638:nuclear
1601:Culture
1568:. Many
1527:Trúc Hồ
1303:during
1253:dumping
1245:fishing
1241:Alabama
1205:chả giò
1184:bánh mì
1108:Germany
818:History
517:+134.8%
514:614,517
501:261,729
450:Chicago
430:Houston
246:Hòa Hảo
208:English
141:Raleigh
7761:Racism
7683:Cajuns
7352:Yakama
7317:Salish
7295:Pueblo
7280:Pawnee
7275:Paiute
7260:Ojibwe
7255:Navajo
7243:Yokuts
7238:Wintun
7228:Tongva
7216:Tamyen
7211:Karkin
7201:Chalon
7191:Ohlone
7166:Patwin
7131:Cupeño
7106:Mohave
7096:Lenape
7079:Seneca
7069:Oneida
7064:Mohawk
7059:Cayuga
6999:Apache
6778:Cajuns
6641:Europe
5822:Africa
5725:Hindus
5665:Wealth
5461:Nevada
5436:Hawaii
5378:Sports
5346:Topics
5191:Telugu
5181:Sindhi
5144:Indian
5077:Korean
4996:Uyghur
4981:Kyrgyz
4976:Kazakh
4971:Baloch
4966:Afghan
4881:Boston
4761:Russia
4756:Poland
4751:Norway
4739:Berlin
4722:France
4707:Cyprus
4690:Europe
4681:Turkey
4646:Israel
4634:Taiwan
4584:Canada
4561:Africa
4386:online
4036:
4008:
3974:
3937:, 2012
3864:
3761:. CNN.
2984:Press.
2064:, and
2054:Champa
1971:French
1851:Taoism
1837:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1817:
1809:
1807:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1787:
1670:parade
1279:Europe
1275:Canada
1249:shrimp
1124:Poland
1118:, The
1114:, The
1112:Canada
885:VOLAGs
543:+37.9%
530:+82.7%
466:Oregon
446:Boston
442:Denver
364:Income
324:, and
300:) are
226:(30%)
189:others
77:(esp.
7409:Yupik
7389:Haida
7374:Aleut
7357:Yaqui
7337:Sioux
7270:Odawa
7265:Osage
7233:Wappo
7161:Miwok
7091:Kiowa
7049:Houma
5797:Sikhs
5730:Jains
5278:Other
5239:Karen
5229:Hmong
5186:Tamil
5055:Hakka
5001:Uzbek
4986:Tajik
4727:Paris
4656:Korea
4651:Japan
4624:China
4368:323pp
4175:(PDF)
4168:(PDF)
3972:S2CID
3171:(PDF)
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