Black Saturday bushfires

1738: 1730: 1754: 2412: 1746: 227: 883: 688: 1202:, coming within 2 km (1.2 mi) of central Bendigo, before it was brought under control late on 7 February. It destroyed around 61 houses in Bendigo's western suburbs, and damaged an electricity distribution line, resulting in blackouts to substantial parts of the city. One Long Gully resident, ill and confined to his house, was killed in the fire despite the efforts of his neighbours to rescue him. The fire changed direction late on 7 February with the cool change, and headed back towards Eaglehawk; it was contained at 9:52 pm, though it was still burning within containment lines well into the next day. 2428: 1606:, south of the city. Firefighters managed to save the general store, town hall and school at Haven, though flames came within metres of those buildings. Winds of up to 90 km/h (56 mph) changed direction three times throughout the day, producing conditions described by the local CFA incident controller as the worst he had ever seen. To the southwest of Horsham an 82-year-old woman in a wheelchair and her daughter were collected from her house by a taxi when the fire was no more than 100 m (110 yd) away; the house was alight as the taxi drove off, and burned down within minutes. 458: 1541: 1027: 42: 1011: 999: 1439: 2371: 1921: 3100: 1909: 2420: 1319: 407: 1179: 1779:, formed a taskforce to assist in identifying victims, coordinated by Inspector Greg Hough. Around forty police from interstate and overseas assisted with Disaster Victim Identification (DVI). The police were sourced from the Australian Federal Police, Tasmania, New South Wales, South Australia, Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, New Zealand, and Indonesia. New Zealand police also provided four victim identification dogs and handlers. 1992: 3235: 310: 2988: 3000:

cent of residential properties destroyed may have had no insurance, with many more under-insured, thus suggesting that the actual cost of asset damage in the bushfires was considerably higher than that recorded. The report from the commission said that: "... the level of insurance claims is likely to underestimate the true extent of property losses, but it is unable to calculate the extent of this underestimation".

3185:) as the standard for the assumed temperature to which houses are subject when hit by bushfire, fire engineers argued that standards should be based on a 1,090 K (820 °C; 1,500 °F) temperature. This was in line with existing New South Wales building laws for bushfire-prone areas, although the temperature of fires can actually peak at approximately 1,600 K (1,330 °C; 2,420 °F). The 1454: 422:, were deployed across the state on Friday evening (6 February) in anticipation of the extreme conditions the following day. By mid-morning Saturday, hot northwesterly winds in excess of 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) hit the state, accompanied by extremely high temperatures and extremely low humidity; a total fire ban was declared for the entire state of Victoria. 1271:

are reporting strong winds and flame heights of five to 10 metres". Ground-based fire crews had to retreat from the fire front as the escalating conditions made firefighting in the bushland terrain impossible. The fire broke out of the park around 4:00 pm, and by 6:00 pm had burnt out 2,400 hectares (5,900 acres) of forest and farmland, threatening the towns of

3131:, suggested that the long-standing "stay-and-defend-or-leave-early" policy would be reviewed, saying that while it had proven reliable during normal conditions, the conditions on 7 February had been exceptional. Brumby said that "There were many people who had done all of the preparations, had the best fire plans in the world and tragically it didn't save them." 3138:, Shane Fitzsimmons, said that "Decades of science, practice and history show that a well-prepared home provides the best refuge in the event of fire". Nixon also dismissed potential policies involving forced evacuations, saying "There used to be policies where you could make people leave but we're talking about adults." A former Victorian police minister, 3060:. The action alleged the power company failed to fit a $ 10 protective device on the power line, which contributed to it breaking and starting the devastating Kilmore East/Kinglake fire. The case settled in December 2014 with a settlement of $ 494.67 million, the country's largest class action settlement, approved by the 1162:, to the east of the main Beechworth fire, of between 50 and 80 ha (120 and 200 acres). Residents of Beechworth and surrounding towns were advised on the evening of 10 February to expect increased smoke cover as 250 firefighters would be undertaking backburning to eliminate fuel within the control lines. 449:. This sparked a bushfire that became the deadliest and most intense firestorm ever recorded in Australia. The overwhelming majority of fire activity occurred between the afternoon of 7 February and 7:00 pm, a period when wind speed and temperature were at their highest, and humidity at its lowest. 3215:

Another member of the panel, international planning expert Roz Hansen, said that she was "disappointed and alarmed" about the decision to rebuild Marysville, stating that it was unlikely that a new development would have been permitted in the area. She went on to say that in parts of Asia, people had

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existing dwellings, and building new dwellings in bushfire areas. The new standard states that all properties (not just those in bushfire areas) will now require a "bushfire attack assessment", and will be given a Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) rating that outlines the type of construction required. The

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The fire threatened to burn through the township, but a wind change around 2:00 pm pushed the fire to the northeast instead. The regional CFA operations officer said of the wind change that "ll that happened within about an hour and we were lucky; we thought it would go through Coleraine, but it

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Afterwards, a police sergeant said that the main street in Marysville had been destroyed: "The motel at one end of it partially exists. The bakery has survived. Don't ask me how. Everything else is just nuked." Reports on 11 February estimated that around 100 of the town's population of approximately

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A total of 173 people were confirmed to have died as a result of the fires. The figure was originally estimated at 14 on the night of 7 February, and steadily increased over the following two weeks to 210. It was feared that it could rise as high as 240–280, but these figures were later revised down

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announced it was developing the state's first integrated fire management plan in conjunction with the interim findings of the Royal Commission. It is expected that eventually all Victorian councils responsible for both urban and rural land will need to develop such plans, which define fire risks in

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estimated that the fires may have been burning at temperatures of 1,200 °C (2,190 °F), and concluded that, as a result, the remains of some people caught in the fires may have been obliterated. The final death toll for Marysville was later downgraded to 34 after a large group of residents

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On 9 February a man was arrested in connection with the fires at Narre Warren; it was alleged by police that he had been operating a power tool, sparks from which ignited a grass fire, destroying two houses. On 12 February, two people were arrested in connection with the fires, having been observed

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Burning gumleaves fell to the ground and ignited grass, from which the fire grew extremely rapidly in the hot, dry and windy conditions. Over 230 firefighters, with 43 appliances and two water bombing aircraft, worked to contain the fire which burnt 770 ha (1,900 acres). The fire destroyed one

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on 10 February, as part of the greater Kilmore East – Murrindindi complex south. By late that morning, the complex had burned out 505 hectares (1,250 acres), with 184 personnel and 56 tankers responding to the fires. A CFA spokesperson said that while temperatures had cooled, strong winds were

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Late in the afternoon of 7 February, residents had anticipated that the fire front would bypass Marysville. At about 5:00 pm, power was lost to the town. Around 5:30 pm, the wind died away, however, minutes later it returned from a different direction, bringing the fire up the valley with

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Mill fire, merged following the wind change on the evening of 7 February. The complex was the largest of the many fires burning on Black Saturday, ultimately destroying over 330,000 ha (820,000 acres). It was also the most destructive, with over 1,800 houses destroyed and 159 lives lost in the

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In the wake of the fires and the mounting casualty toll, there was debate about policies for dealing with bushfires and the management practices that may have contributed to them. Naomi Brown, chief executive of the Australasian Fire and Emergency Services Authorities Council, argued that the high

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by SP AusNet in its management of electricity infrastructure. On 12 February police had taken away a section of power line as well as a power pole from near Kilmore East, part of a two-kilometre section of line that fell on the morning of 7 February and was believed to have started the fire there.

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Also omitted from the $ 4.4 billion figure were the agricultural losses sustained in the fires, and the ongoing impacts on agriculture in following seasons. The Victorian Department of Primary Industries estimated losses shortly after the fires as 11,800 head of livestock, 62,000 hectares (150,000

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The largest contributor to the total cost was insurance claims, which the Insurance Council of Australia reported as $ 1.2 billion as of August 2010. This figure was composed of 84 per cent for property or contents, and 16 per cent for vehicles. However, the report also estimated that up to 13 per

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dump, but did not damage any infrastructure, nor did it affect the station's operations. Several small fires broke out in the bunker storing raw coal from the mine, but were contained with no damage. The threat eased by the evening of 8 February as temperatures cooled and some light rain fell. One

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By the morning of 7 February, the fire had broken through containment lines. According to the DSE incident controller for the fire, the weather conditions deteriorated much more quickly than predicted, stating that "conditions overnight and in the early hours are usually mild, but our firefighters

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on 4 February, originating near walking tracks; it was thought to have been deliberately lit. By 6 February, the fire had burned out 123 hectares (300 acres), and emergency services personnel engaged in fighting the fire feared, despite efforts to establish containment lines in the park, that once

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on and around Saturday, 7 February 2009, and were one of Australia's all-time worst bushfire disasters. The fires occurred during extreme bushfire weather conditions and resulted in Australia's highest-ever loss of human life from a bushfire, with 173 fatalities. Many people were left homeless and

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who had been allowed back into the area to inspect the damage, revealed that a "Looters Will Be Shot" sign had been posted in the town, after a number of suspicious people and vehicles were seen moving through the town. On 12 February, a small number of arrests were made, and charges laid against

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Responses to the Black Saturday bushfires included immediate community response, donations, and international aid efforts. Later responses included Government inquiries including a Royal Commission, and recommendations and discussions from a wide variety of bodies, organisations, authorities and

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A man from Churchill, Brendan Sokaluk, was arrested by police on 12 February, in relation to the Churchill fires, and was questioned at the Morwell police station, before being charged on 13 February with one count each of arson causing death, intentionally lighting a bushfire, and possession of

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Investigators revealed that they strongly believed arson was the most likely cause of the Churchill fire. A man from Churchill, Brendan Sokaluk of Chuchill, was arrested by police on 12 February and charged with one count each of arson causing death and intentionally lighting a bushfire. He was

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The fire destroyed approximately a dozen houses at Labertouche, Tonimbuk, and Drouin West, in addition to various outbuildings and a factory. The progress of the fire had been stopped by the afternoon of 9 February, though it had burned through 24,500 hectares (61,000 acres). DSE crews conducted

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discarded from a car or truck along Bracewell Street in Maiden Gully. However, the arson squad and local Bendigo detectives spent 9 February investigating the fire scene, and while they could not determine exactly what had caused the fire as of 10 February, they suspected arson. On 10 June 2009,

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By 10 February, firefighters had completed a 115 km (71 mi) containment line around the Beechworth fire, and sought to construct 15 km (9.3 mi) more, though the fire continued to burn out of control. By that afternoon, threat messages for the area had been downgraded, though

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The Bushfires Royal Commission gave a "conservative" estimate of the total cost of the Black Saturday bushfires of $ 4.4 billion. This figure included a value of $ 645 million placed on the 173 lives lost using an accepted method the government uses to value lives, however did not include any

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reported that locals were divided on the merits of the plan, some concerned as to why the back-burning had not been carried out earlier, and some worried at the large scale of the proposed burns, which were reported to be larger than both the existing fire as well as the April 2005 fires that

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The fire was controlled and co-ordinated at the Pakenham ICC in the Combined Emergency Services building, with CFA and DSE personnel running the operation depending on where the fire was at the time. Pakenham VICSES, who shared the building, also provided assistance during the fire operation.

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On 2 February 2010, police announced that the taskforce investigating the arson had arrested two youths in relation to the Bendigo fires. The youths, aged 14 and 15, were each charged with arson causing death, deliberately lighting a bushfire, lighting of a fire on a day of total fire ban and

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500 were believed to have perished, and that only "a dozen" buildings were left. Premier Brumby described the situation: "There's no activity, there's no people, there's no buildings, there's no birds, there's no animals, everything's just gone. So the fatality rate will be very high."

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conditions expected on 7 February: "It's just as bad a day as you can imagine and on top of that the state is just tinder-dry. People need to exercise real common sense tomorrow". The Premier went on to state that it was expected to be the "worst day in the history of the state".

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Investigators initially believed that the cause of the fire that originated near the Murrundindi Mill and swept through Narbethong and Marysville was arson, with several suspects investigated. Later investigations prompted a 2011 declaration that arson had not been responsible.

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A total of 414 people were injured during the Black Saturday bushfires. Due to the intensity and speed of the fires, most casualties of the bushfires either died, or survived with minor injuries. There were significantly fewer major burns than in previous bushfires, such as

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along with his home address, and others made threats of violence against him. The man's lawyer said that, as a consequence of that information being published, threats were made against the man's family. The man's ex-girlfriend and her family were also harassed after the

1042:. Experienced Air Attack Coordinator Shaun Lawlor reported flame heights of "at least 100 metres" as the fire traversed the Black Range. At Narbethong, it destroyed 95 per cent of the town's houses. When the southerly change struck, it swept towards the town of 1154:, at the western end of the fire area. While smaller towns to the east, including Gundowring and Kergunyah, remained under threat, the CFA said that there was no immediate danger to the larger towns of Beechworth and Yackandandah on the northern fringe of the fire area. 3075:

In February 2014 a class action trial against SP AusNet by victims of the Marysville blaze was begun in the Supreme Court. It was alleged that the fire was caused by a "break in an electrical conductor on a power pole near the Murrindindi Saw Mill". A $ 300 million

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Senior Citizens Centre. During the fire, residents from Long Gully, Eaglehawk, Maiden Gully, California Gully, and West Bendigo were evacuated and advised to assemble at the centre. A town meeting was held for the affected residents on 8 February. On the same day,

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The fire started after the conductor between poles 38 and 39 failed and the live conductor came into contact with a cable stay supporting pole 38. This contact caused arcing that ignited vegetation near the base of pole 38. An electrical fault was recorded at

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According to eyewitnesses, the Murrindindi Mill fire started at 2:55 pm, while Victoria Police twice told the Royal Commission that it commenced at "about 2.30 pm". It burned southeast across the Black Range, parallel to the Kilmore fire, towards

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died from their injuries. Adult burns patients at The Alfred spent 48.7 hours in theatre in the first 72 hours. There were a further 390 bushfire-related presentations across the state in the first 72 hours. Most patients with serious burns were

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into the Black Saturday bushfires was conducted, a process that was intended to determine the true nature of the background causes, preparation of responsible agencies, circumstances on the day, chronology, and impacts of the events in question.

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minimum-security prison offered up to thirty of its inmates to provide assistance to firefighters; a local DSE manager said that though untrained personnel would not be allowed at the fire front, the prisoners would be welcome in support roles.

1131:, southeast of Beechworth, with two residents confirmed dead. Dense smoke and cloud cover had hindered assessment of the Beechworth fire, but as conditions cleared late on 8 February, aerial crews were able to commence surveys of the situation. 1609:

At 3:00 pm more than 400 personnel were engaged in fighting the fire, as well as two water-bombing aircraft, 54 CFA tankers, and 35 DSE units. By 6:00 pm the front had moved east, and a wind change then pushed it northeast across the

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A local man was badly burned while helping a farmer move livestock out of harm's way; the man was caught when the same wind change that saved the town pushed the fire in his direction, and he suffered burns to 50% of his body, but recovered.

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newspaper published a photograph and a story about her. On 17 February, after requests from Victoria Police, the man's MySpace profile was removed; Facebook commenced deleting postings containing threats, and deleted a photo from one group.

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on the 12,700-volt Colfitz North spur line. The galvanised steel conductor swung free in the wind, suspended by poles 2 and 4, a span of 540 m (1,770 ft). It is not believed to have touched the ground, but was pushed into a nearby

1417:. By late that afternoon, the complex had burnt out 32,860 hectares (81,200 acres) and had killed eleven people. Wind changes that evening exacerbated parts of the Churchill complex, causing the CFA to issue further warnings to residents at 915:

in Kilmore East, sparking a fire at approximately 11:45 am in open grasslands that adjoined pine plantations. The fire was fanned by extreme northwesterly winds, and travelled 50 km (31 mi) southeast in a narrow fire front through

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Extreme bushfire conditions predicted for Monday night and early Tuesday morning, involving very strong northerlies, with a change forecast to arrive by Tuesday morning. Mobile phone companies trialled technology by sending Victorians and

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In September/October 2009, it was announced that a new fire hazard system would replace the previous one. The new system involves a six-tier scale to indicating such things as the level of risk and activity of the fire. This standardised

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As the day progressed, the highest-ever temperatures recorded to date were reached. Melbourne hit 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), the hottest temperature ever recorded for the city and humidity levels dropped to as low as two percent. The

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which burned more than 11,000 ha (27,000 acres). This fire posed no immediate threat to campers, but due to excessive fuel and inaccessibility authorities chose to evacuate the park, with some campers being evacuated by boat.

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The fire caused unquantified losses of stock, and destroyed several outbuildings, but all houses under threat were saved by CFA firefighters. The fire is thought to have been started by sparking from felled power lines along the

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As part of the building codes debate, an expert panel recommended in 2010 that the state government ban housing in the highest fire risk areas, which are some of the most dangerous in the world. Michael Buxton, a professor at

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house, two haysheds, three tractors, the Coleraine Avenue of Honour, and 200 km (120 mi) of fences, as well as injuring livestock, but firefighters were able to save six other homes, including that of the parents of

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The fire was ignited at 12:30 pm on 7 February when strong winds initiated the failure of a 40-year-old tie wire, felling a power line at Remlaw, west of the city. The fire spread southwest and then southeast, across the

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The cool change passed through the area around 5:30 pm, bringing strong southwesterly winds. The wind change turned the initial long and narrow fire band into a wide firefront that moved in a northeast direction through

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on the 42-year-old man's identity was lifted, though the order remained in force with respect to publishing his address or any images of him. Despite the order, several members of the public obtained his photograph from his

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98,932 ha (244,470 acres) of parks damaged, 90 per cent of which was national park. It was claimed that 950 local parks, 70 national parks and reserves, and over 600 cultural sites and historic places were impacted or

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On 7 November 2011, the Victorian Supreme Court Justice, Paul Coghlan, on advice from the prosecutor, Steven Milesi, found that the two youths were unfit to stand trial before a jury due to their intellectual disabilities.

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were afflicted with burned feet due to territorial instincts that drew them back to their recently burned and smouldering home ranges. The affected area, particularly around Marysville, contains the only known habitat of

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blown from the fires. Around midday, the immediate threat to property in the areas around Healesville was downgraded, though a DSE spokesperson said that residents should be mindful of localised changes in the weather.

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lighting of a fire in a country area during extreme weather conditions. They were also charged with multiple counts of using telecommunications systems to menace, harass and offend as well as 135 counts each of arson.

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broke temperature records by experiencing three consecutive days above 43 °C (109 °F), with the temperature peaking at 45.1 °C (113.2 °F) on 30 January, the third hottest day in the city's history.

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To also be noted: Mirboo North, known as the Delburn bushfire was lit 7th February 2009. This fire stretch out toward Morwell, devastating the beautiful towns of Mirboo North, Darlimurla, Boolarra and Boolarra South.

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affected the park Strong easterly winds on 12 February forced authorities to postpone the proposed burns lest they themselves pose a danger to surrounding communities, though they did proceed with preparatory work.

2941:(FDI) by considering the predicted weather including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and dryness of vegetation. On the highest risk days, residents are advised to leave the potentially affected areas. 1940:. By the morning of 10 February 101 bodies had been transported to the temporary morgue. The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine stated that it could be impossible to positively identify many of the remains. 8663:

A 2009 Royal Commission found that the fire began when an electricity line failed between two poles. Contact between the live conductor and a cable stay supporting the pole caused arcing that ignited vegetation.

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National and statewide burns disaster plans were activated. Twenty-two patients with major burns presented to the state's burns referral centres, of which eighteen were adults. One patient admitted to the

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Investigations began almost immediately following the fires to determine a wide variety of things, including identification of victims, cause of ignition sources, and assessments of authority responses. A

1242:, southeast of Bendigo, a fire starting 9 km (5.6 mi) west of the town burnt 10,000 ha (25,000 acres) and destroyed twelve houses and various outbuildings. The fire threatened the towns of 3856: 7557: 1124:. The fire ignited from a felled power line at around 6:00 pm on 7 February, 3 km (1.9 mi) south of Beechworth, before being driven south through pine plantations by hot northerly winds. 9078: 7818: 4672:

Victoria's Supreme Court has approved a $ 494 million payout to victims of the deadly 2009 Black Saturday bushfires, in what is considered to be the biggest class action in Australia's legal history.

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stated that based on figures from the end of 2010, permits had been issued for the rebuilding of only 731 of the 1,795, or 41 per cent of the principal places of residence destroyed in the fires.

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authorities revealed a plan to back-burn across the entrance to the promontory, in order to prevent any possibility of the fire burning out of the park and into farmland and towards the towns of

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The Premier of Victoria, John Brumby, announced in April 2009 that a royal commission into the fires would be held which would examine "all aspects of the government's bushfire strategy".

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Cooler conditions and rain from 4–6 March enabled firefighters to control and contain several fires, with the Kilmore East – Murrindindi complex south fire being completely contained.

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Commissioner Nixon, however, defended the policy, saying that it was "well thought of and well based and has stood the test of time and we support it". Similarly, Commissioner of the

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Temperatures in the mid-30 degrees Celsius (mid-90 degrees Fahrenheit), northerly winds, and a cool change precipitated a flare-up of many of the fires, and ignited several new fires.

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It was estimated that the amount of energy released during the firestorm in the Kinglake-Marysville area was equivalent to the amount of energy that would be released by 1,500

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A total of nearly $ 700 million (after legal expenses) was shared among the claimants of the two highly complex class actions, which were presided over by Justices

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Deputy Prime Minister Julia Gillard, 2009: A tragedy beyond belief, beyond precedent and beyond words … one of the darkest days in Australia's peacetime history.

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because they were in extremely high fire risk areas; he backed another similar large-scale buyback scheme to move people away from unacceptably high risk areas.

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on the south Gippsland coast. The cool change came through the area about 6:00 pm, but the southwesterly winds it brought pushed the fire northeast through

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In response to the Black Saturday bushfires new building regulations for Victorian bushfire-prone areas were fast tracked by Standards Australia. Through the

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Eventually 34 fatalities were confirmed in the Marysville area, with all but 14 of over 400 buildings destroyed. Other localities severely affected included

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described Black Saturday as "a tragedy beyond belief, beyond precedent and beyond words … one of the darkest days in Australia’s peacetime history."

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Predictions for favourable weather signalled the easing of the threat to settlements from the major fires that had been burning since 7 February.

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when fire surrounded the town on three sides. Houses just to the north of Yarra Glen were destroyed and large areas of grassy paddocks burnt.

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Early afternoon – ABC Local Radio received calls from residents of affected areas supplying immediate up-to-date information on fire activity.

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been forcibly moved out of unacceptably high risk cyclone and flooding areas in the public interest despite the difficulties this involved.

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5:10 pm – air temperature in Melbourne dropped from over 45 °C (113 °F) to around 30 °C (86 °F) in fifteen minutes.

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As many as 400 individual fires were recorded on Saturday 7 February; the day has become widely referred to in Australia as Black Saturday.

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5:00 pm – wind direction changed from northwesterly to southwesterly in Melbourne (see Fawkner Beacon Wind chart for 7 February 2009).

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was announced before the trial began. The class action by Murrindindi/Marysville victims was settled in February 2015 for $ 300 million.

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Over 11,800 head of livestock, consisting of 2,150 sheep, 1,207 cattle, and an unknown number of horses, goats, alpacas, poultry, and pigs

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to, and managed at, burns referral centres. Throughout the disaster, burns referral centres continued to have substantial surge capacity.

7030: 4926: 3723: 2411: 1745: 1713:. Approximately 3,000 sleepers were burnt across a 4 km (2.5 mi) section of track. The rail line was re-opened by 16 February. 221: 7802: 7154: 6663: 6501: 4852: 4618: 3786: 9946: 9153: 8886: 8675: 8486: 7996: 7911: 6780: 6566: 6448: 6137: 6074: 5906: 5728: 5524: 5319: 5256: 5137: 5111: 5054: 4952: 4798: 4369: 374: 8796:

A class action will be launched in the Supreme Court today on behalf of victims of the Murrindindi bushfire on Black Saturday in 2009.

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the extreme weather conditions of 7 February arrived the fire would escape the confines of the park and threaten surrounding towns.

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burned out 500 hectares (1,200 acres). The fire broke out at about 4:30 pm on the afternoon of 7 February, and burned through

7270: 4398: 7647: 7365: 5194: 5163: 5016: 9640: 1936:, capable of holding up to three hundred bodies. The Victorian Coroner compared this to a similar facility established after the 8763:

Electricity company AusNet has announced a $ 300 million settlement with the Marysville victims of the Black Saturday bushfires.

7395: 5944: 4559: 353: 9931: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9755: 9740: 9735: 9690: 9329:

Guide to locating books, government reports, websites, statistics, newspaper reports and images about the Black Saturday fires.

8550: 6107: 5547: 5402: 5341: 3516: 3302: 3297: 8421: 8400: 4029: 3486: 9660: 9620: 9610: 9236: 9190: 6047: 5969: 3937: 3615: 3480: 3355: 3192: 2056: 8816: 7591: 7091: 6191: 4740: 4714: 4474: 3752: 430:

reached unprecedented levels, ranging from 160 to over 200. This was higher than the fire weather conditions experienced on

9936: 9916: 9385: 8376: 6382: 3552: 3272: 3139: 277:, recorded their highest temperatures since records began in 1859. On 6 February 2009—the day before the fires started—the 7885: 7518: 6633: 360: 9893: 9725: 9149: 8650: 7969: 6884: 6133: 6070: 17: 6229: 3910: 3191:

incorporated the 1,090 K (820 °C; 1,500 °F) temperature in the standard, with the support of the CFA and

651:

8:30 pm – Victorian Health Emergency Co-ordination Centre notified Melbourne hospitals to prepare for burn victims.

9991: 9966: 9951: 9941: 8509: 8250: 8128: 3135: 2011:

There were 164 Australians, 9 foreign nationals, killed in the bushfires. The foreign nationals comprised citizens of:

9272: 9008: 8590: 2005:

164 people died in the fires themselves, 12 died later in hospital, and 4 died from other causes including car crashes

9680: 9215: 8945: 5615: 3167: 3161:

has released a range of publications to assist with people returning to properties, moving into temporary dwellings,

2934: 1821: 427: 393: 342: 9333:

Engel, Chermelle B.; Lane, Todd P.; Reeder, Michael J.; Rezny, Michael (2013), "The meteorology of Black Saturday",

8188: 3385: 3257: 1334:

at about 1:30 pm on the afternoon of 7 February. Within 30 minutes it had spread to the southeast, threatening

6594: 3411: 3154:

the Victorian government has published a range of new guidelines and standards for bushfire planning and building.

1386: 7947: 3647: 9981: 9378: 9258: 7008: 3187: 1626:

Shortly before 12:30 pm on 7 February 2009 a fire started on farmland, 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of

983:

The area became the worst-impacted in the state, with a total of 120 deaths and more than 1,200 homes destroyed.

798:

The Kilmore East – Murrindindi complex south fire activity continued in areas close to several towns in the

795:

The Kilmore East – Murrindindi complex north fire burned within containment lines on the southeastern flank.

8341: 7171: 6330: 2979:

In early March 2009, smoke from the fires was discovered in the atmosphere over Antarctica at record altitudes.

782:

towards settlements in the upper Yarra Valley, but the fires were of a low intensity and were quickly contained.

9475: 7487: 7236: 3208:, said that after the 1983 Ash Wednesday fires the government bought back tens of thousands of lots across the 1496: 1462: 1447: 1443: 1166: 331: 8857: 8254: 7777: 7746: 6966: 6470: 6418: 2976:. As of 17 February 2009, over ten billion litres of water had been shifted out of affected dams into others. 1425:

convicted of 10 counts of arson causing death and sentenced to 17 years 9 months' imprisonment in April 2012.

911:

Just before midday on 7 February, high winds felled a 2 km (1.2 mi) section of power lines owned by

9961: 9525: 5838: 4885: 3968: 3679: 7621: 5780: 5758: 5698: 2968:

supplying five of Melbourne's nine major dams were affected by the fires, with the worst affected being the

1582:

fire burnt 5,700 ha (14,000 acres), including the golf club and eight homes. Two firefighters from the

9971: 9515: 9441: 9411: 7457: 7427: 7213: 4829: 4530: 3683: 3592: 3057: 2991:

Aerial view of the Kinglake area looking north, nine months after bushfires (burnt area top third of image)

2933:(FDR) was subsequently adopted by all Australian states in late 2009. Every day during the fire season the 2391: 2201: 1868: 1481: 1477: 6944: 886:

The large smoke cloud from the Kilmore East fire, being blown across Melbourne's northeast at 2:49 pm

628:

5:30 pm – wind change arrived at Kilmore East and Murrindindi Mill (Kinglake/Marysville) fire fronts.

9921: 9540: 9451: 7677: 6159: 5436: 4593: 4504: 3323: 1937: 1222:

Victoria Police announced that they were 'completely satisfied' that the fire had been deliberately lit.

882: 645:

6:00 pm – Kilmore East fire smoke plume and pyrocumulus cloud reached 15 km (9.3 mi) high.

226: 7798:

Victoria Police, Press conference: Bushfires death toll revised to 173, Release date: Mon 30 March 2009

4436:

CFA Downgrade Message – Alert to Awareness-Kilmore East Murrindindi Complex North Fire, 27 February 2009

3817: 2929: 2423:

The St. Andrews-Kinglake Road, one of the few roads out of the fire area, two months after the bushfires

1138:

around midday on 9 February. More than 440 personnel worked to contain a separate front that threatened

270:, which produced ideal conditions for hot tropical air to be directed down over southeastern Australia. 238:

A week before the fires, a significant heatwave affected southeastern Australia. From 28 to 30 January,

6689: 5371: 5077: 4331: 3225: 1968: 1611: 9296: 7708: 7129: 7068: 6352: 5676: 4059: 2063:

on the night of 17 February, when a burnt-out tree fell on him as he attached a hose to a fire tanker.

1929:

to 173 after further forensic examinations of remains, and after several missing people were located.

367: 9685: 9535: 9530: 9460: 9456: 6387: 3620: 3437: 3061: 3036: 2948:

estimated that over a million animals perished in the bushfires. Additionally, many of the surviving

1871:, shortly after the removal of the body of a victim from the property. That evening, via a report on 722: 687: 9326: 8288: 9695: 9595: 9575: 9570: 9500: 8676:"Black Saturday bushfire survivors secure $ 500 million in Australia's largest class action payout" 2973: 1631: 1030: 817: 571: 7335: 7301: 6260: 1880:

people in relation to "looting offences", as announced by the Victoria Police chief commissioner,

281:

chief Russell Rees warned "We are in almost uncharted territory" in terms of bushfire conditions.

9926: 9630: 9520: 9421: 9264: 8726: 5646: 3247: 3077: 2911: 2185: 2157: 1948: 1330:

The Central Gippsland bushfires began in a pine plantation 1 km (0.62 mi) southeast of

1206: 933: 320: 9273:"Anatomy of a Firestorm, an article on the conditions and air movements of 7 February 2009" 2427: 1378:. About 500 evacuees from the area sheltered at an emergency centre established in a theatre in 1134:

Strong winds fuelled the fire on the night of 8 February, and lightning ignited a new fire near

9956: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9615: 9505: 9401: 8743:"Marysville bushfire class action: Black Saturday bushfire victims to get $ 300 million payout" 8345: 4445:

CFA Awareness Message – Kilmore East – Murrindindi Complex South Fire 7.20 pm, 27 February 2009

3044: 2958: 2375: 2207: 2135: 1473: 1303:

operations to ensure containment of the fire on 9 February, warning residents of areas between

1089: 1003: 957: 953: 925: 895: 457: 415: 278: 179: 9307: 6327:"Gippsland, Seymour & Warrnambool lines ~ Services suspended due to bushfires ~ Sun 8 Feb" 3712: 1540: 602:

Mid-afternoon – smoke from Kilmore East firestorm prevented planes from mapping the fire edge.

513:

05:00 am – Bunyip State Park fire jumped containment lines; no other major fire activity.

9700: 9605: 9585: 7799: 7151: 6655: 5493: 4626: 2262: 2060: 1825: 1796:. Chief Commissioner Nixon stated on 9 February 2009 that all fire sites would be treated as 1710: 1557: 1524: 1487:

In the weeks following Black Saturday, fires were started in bushland along Terrys Avenue in

1466: 1402:

broke out to the south of the power station, but it was contained by water bombing aircraft.

1272: 1026: 899: 838: 820:

fire slowly burnt in uninhabited grass and scrub bushland on the northeast end of the island.

792:

Bunyip fire still burnt within control lines in the Bunyip State Park and State Forest areas.

41: 9141: 8882: 8618:"Court approves distribution of almost $ 700M in 2009 Black Saturday bushfire class actions" 8482: 6910: 6562: 6440: 6129: 6066: 5902: 5724: 5520: 5315: 5252: 5133: 5107: 5046: 4794: 4361: 2490:

Over 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi) of boundary and internal fencing destroyed or damaged

1634:(SWER) conductor to an insulator failed due to metal fatigue. The insulator was atop Pole 3 1010: 998: 9645: 9565: 9545: 9480: 9342: 9253:

2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission website with transcripts exhibits submissions etc

3557: 3292: 3084: 3048: 2461:

12 community buildings (including 2 police stations, 3 schools, 3 churches, 1 fire station)

2442:

Beyond the casualty list detailed above, physical damage caused by the bushfires included:

2335: 2252: 2242: 2216: 2191: 2173: 2163: 2129: 2123: 1976: 1944: 1702: 1545: 1491:(which was quickly contained and extinguished by the CFA), and Lysterfield State Forest in 1438: 1367: 1195: 1151: 1139: 1128: 1069: 1043: 1039: 1015: 977: 961: 941: 937: 921: 764: 718: 632: 596: 589: 567: 528: 259: 247: 187: 79: 273:

The February fires commenced on a day when several localities across the state, including

8: 9465: 9446: 4737:"Detective Superintendent Paul Hollowood's supplementary witness statement, paragraph 20" 3252: 3124: 3109: 2969: 2395: 2383: 2370: 2348: 2307: 2290: 2145: 1933: 1920: 1829: 1675: 1627: 1379: 1355: 1339: 1331: 1292: 1280: 1239: 1199: 1135: 973: 969: 803: 609: 435: 431: 285: 9346: 8722:

At nearly $ 500 million, the payout is more than double the previous highest Australian

3173:

While a draft national building code for bushfire-prone areas proposed using 1,000

9360: 6164: 3099: 3088: 2949: 2915: 2179: 2151: 2117: 2052:

7 of the deaths occurred in bunkers of both fire-specific and non-fire-specific design.

1956: 1908: 1876: 1867:

had been posted. Witnesses reported seeing acts of looting occurring at a property at

1721:, which carried restricted speeds for a short time due to the heavy smoke in the area. 1583: 1561: 1508: 1488: 1351: 1308: 1304: 1288: 1276: 1105: 1101: 1062: 965: 949: 929: 891: 810: 779: 674: 605:

4:30 pm – number of individual fires across the state increased into the hundreds.

524: 267: 9301: 2464:

399 machinery sheds, 363 hay sheds, 19 dairies, 26 woolsheds, 729 other farm buildings

2419: 9670: 9470: 9364: 9232: 9211: 9186: 8546: 8163:

The Land, "Farmers do their bit", Peter J Austin, p.12, Rural Press, 19 February 2009

6043: 5433:"Downgrade Message – Urgent Threat to Final Advice Bracewell Fire (Bendigo), 2.30 am" 4652:"Black Saturday class action: Judge approves $ 494m Kilmore East bushfire settlement" 3476: 3277: 3113: 2494: 1842: 1833: 1817: 1809: 1706: 1579: 1520: 1414: 1263: 1251: 1243: 1191: 1183: 1159: 1143: 1093: 917: 543: 500: 483: 53: 9510: 9350: 8939:"Media Release – Standards Australia to fast track completion of bushfire Standard" 8397: 3880:"Melbourne weather: Heat records smashed ahead of hottest day since Black Saturday" 3262: 3239: 3209: 3120: 3067: 1763: 1476:, one of which was caused by sparks from a power tool. Six homes were destroyed in 1347: 1284: 1058: 868:

Favourable conditions aided containment efforts and extinguished many of the fires.

756: 654:

8:57 pm – CFA chief officer first notified that casualties had been confirmed.

516:

Late morning – Many fires sprang up as temperatures rose and wind speeds increased.

255: 183: 49: 6937:"Urgent travel advice – Train disruptions to continue on Sunday due to bush fires" 3359: 1295:, and embers were starting spot fires up to 20 km (12 mi) to the south. 701:

Spot fires from Kinglake complex fires merged to form the Maroondah/Yarra complex.

9635: 9490: 9431: 9226: 9207: 9201: 9180: 8404: 8038: 7806: 7158: 6971: 3444: 3205: 3039:

on 13 February 2009 by Slidders Lawyers against electricity distribution company

2945: 1881: 1872: 1776: 1718: 1630:

in western Victoria. In gusting winds, a corroded tie wire holding a 48-year-old

1603: 1595: 1587: 1492: 1390: 1318: 1300: 1211: 912: 842: 760: 680: 671:

Kilmore East and Murrindindi Mill fires merged to form the Kinglake fire complex.

658: 550: 532: 292: 8175:

Northern Daily Leader, 18 May 2009, "Steady progress on bushfire clean-up", p. 8

1556:

was a combination of several fires that had earlier been burning to the east of

1214:

indicated that they were investigating whether arson was the cause of the fire.

9109: 8642: 7850: 2965: 2589:

Break in an electrical conductor on a power pole near the Murrindindi Saw Mill

2514:

Several mobile phone base stations and telephone exchanges damaged or destroyed

2044: 1983:

perished in the Kinglake fire, together with his wife Eileen and daughter Eva.

1685:

headed off at the last minute." At about 6:00 pm the fire was controlled.

1516: 1410: 1375: 1218: 1088:, a fire burnt over 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) and threatened the towns of 768: 441:

Around midday, as wind speeds were reaching their peak, an incorrectly-rigged '

282: 263: 209: 6888: 4685:"transcript pages 8208, 8225 & 8246, Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission" 3051:

fires. A partner at the firm indicated that the claim would centre on alleged

2475:

25,600 tonnes (25,200 long tons; 28,200 short tons) of stored fodder and grain

1741:

Remains of a destroyed property at Kinglake after the Black Saturday bushfires

1705:, a fire burnt 1,300 ha (3,200 acres), and damaged the rail line between 9910: 9282: 8519: 8244:"Final Report Report of 2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission: Chapter 1" 8138: 8006: 7943: 6270: 4150: 3526: 3108:

number of fatalities in these fires, as opposed to earlier fires such as the

1991: 1960: 1805: 1652: 1639: 1599: 813:

Cathedral fire had burnt 24,150 ha (59,700 acres) and was still burning.

717:

The Kilmore East – Murrindindi complex south fire burned in Melbourne's

714:

Containment lines surrounded 85 per cent of the Kinglake–Murrindindi complex.

198: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5924: 4454:

CFA Awareness Message – Wilsons Prom Cathedral Fire 6.00pm, 27 February 2009

3103:

Yarra Glen three days after the fires showing differential property survival

406: 9114: 8723: 7855: 4893: 3162: 3032: 2907: 1980: 1964: 1178: 799: 772: 585: 557: 531:

area). The fire was fanned by 125 km/h (78 mph) winds, entered a

520: 446: 4711:"Detective Superintendent Paul Hollowood's witness statement paragraph 65" 3713:"The exceptional January–February 2009 heatwave in southeastern Australia" 3459: 2458:

59 commercial properties (shops, pubs, service stations, golf clubs, etc.)

2091:

Attributed to or associated with the fire but not within fire location (4)

1068:

To the south of the fire complex, visitors and residents were stranded at

9370: 7938: 5921: 3992: 3990: 3849:"Why we weren't warned: The Victorian bushfires and the royal commission" 3328: 3287: 3128: 2038: 2026: 1913: 1797: 1733:

Property destroyed by fire at Kinglake after the Black Saturday bushfires

1678: 1147: 1019: 469: 288: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6094: 6092: 4427:

CFA Awareness Message – Bunyip Ridge Track Fire 7.00pm, 27 February 2009

3407: 1975:

and his partner, artist Angela Brunton, residing on a small farm in the

7933: 7400: 6196: 3182: 3052: 2961:, Victoria's faunal emblem, putting this species under further threat. 1851: 1812:; however, they were subsequently released without charges being laid. 1667: 1394: 1085: 711:

Six fires still burned out of control, with another nineteen contained.

639: 465: 334: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 251: 8844: 8842: 5486:"Cigarette butt blamed for West Bendigo fire; two dead, 50 homes lost" 3987: 1932:

A temporary morgue was established at the Coronial Services Centre at

106:

Urban/Rural Fringe Areas, Farmland, and Forest Reserves/National Parks

9252: 7199: 7197: 6836: 6089: 4024: 4022: 4020: 3040: 2920: 2478:

32,000 tonnes (31,000 long tons; 35,000 short tons) of hay and silage

2020: 1972: 1793: 1399: 726: 578: 560:

was closed after fire crews were unable to contain Kilmore East fire.

274: 239: 231: 160: 83: 57: 9355: 9105:"Ban development in fire-prone areas, experts tell royal commission" 9071:"'Foolhardy' to set building code that underestimates heat of fires" 7770:"Birdsong expert was ready for Victoria bushfires but it was no use" 6719: 6717: 6715: 5195:"Inquiry ordered into Victoria bushfires, hunt for arsonists begins" 4658:. Australia. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 23 December 2014. 1912:

Bushfire damage to property just north of Yarra Glen, with just the

309: 9555: 8839: 6820:. 2009 Bushfires Royal Commission. 23 December 2009. Archived from 3653:(Report). Government Printer for the State of Victoria. July 2010. 3471:. Vol. 1: The Fires and the Fire-Related Deaths (1 ed.). 3282: 2953: 2906:

In September 2009 it was announced that Australia's most prominent

1846: 834: 8544: 7194: 6748: 6746: 6617: 4017: 2987: 1943:

On 11 February, fire authorities estimated that as many as 100 of

1792:

Some of the fires were suspected to have been deliberately lit by

445:' (single-wire earth return) mains power cable was ripped down at 9277: 9228:

Living with Fire: A Brief History of Fires in the Kinglake Ranges

8975:

Department of Planning and Community Development official website

8782:. Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 August 2012. 8585: 8514: 8133: 8001: 6712: 6265: 5583: 5451: 3521: 3178: 3005: 1864: 1838: 1757:

Destroyed property at Kinglake after the Black Saturday bushfires

986:

The cause of the Kilmore East-Kinglake bushfire was found by the

648:

6:45 pm – Murrindindi Mill fire front arrived at Marysville.

613: 536: 9327:

State Library of Victoria's Bushfires in Victoria Research Guide

9043:. Building Commission Victoria. 19 November 2010. Archived from 9007:. Building Commission Victoria. 19 November 2010. Archived from 8682:. Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 15 July 2014. 7264: 7262: 7023: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6533:"Parks Victoria uses the fire crisis to light up the Prom again" 5217: 5215: 4497: 1565:

proving problematic, with towns in the area being threatened by

1182:

Fire threatening houses near Dean Street in Long Gully, west of

7003: 6743: 5743: 5691: 5075: 4463:

Awareness Message – French Island Fire 6.50pm, 27 February 2009

4078: 3174: 3013: 2400: 2014: 1528: 7122:"Months to identify bodies in Victorian bushfires, police say" 4178:"How the battle with Victoria's bushfires was fought and lost" 1804:

by members of the public acting suspiciously in areas between

1749:

A burnt out car at Kinglake after the Black Saturday bushfires

535:, grew in intensity, and rapidly headed southeast through the 8810: 8808: 8806: 8804: 7259: 6872: 5212: 4332:"Yarra Valley tourist town Marysville devastated by bushfire" 4302:"Marysville residents 'should have been warned to leave town" 4271:"Marysville residents recall Black Saturday for police probe" 3008:, and 32,000 tonnes (31,000 long tons; 35,000 short tons) of 2415:

The Kinglake National Park after the Black Saturday bushfires

2032: 1566: 1393:. On the night of 7 February, the fire approached the mine's 1217:

The CFA initially suspected that the most likely cause was a

487: 464:

imagery shows smoke from the fires carried by winds over the

155: 9142:"Marysville should never have been rebuilt, commission told" 8977:. State Government of Victoria. 1 April 2011. Archived from 8877: 8875: 8706:"Record settlement in Black Saturday bushfires class action" 7641: 7639: 6493: 5069: 4763:"transcript page 8261, Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission" 4116:"transcript page 8208, Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission" 3460:

Teague, Bernard; McLeod, Ronald; Pascoe, Susan (July 2010).

3433: 3431: 3429: 1465:

a fire damaged the rail track and caused the closure of the

778:

Weather conditions directed previously burning fires in the

519:

11:50 am – Power lines fell in high winds igniting the

8196:

Department of Innovation, Industry and Regional Development

7206:"Police track arsonists responsible for Victoria bushfires" 6588: 6586: 6584: 5830: 5808:"Inferno terrorises communities as it rages out of control" 5271: 3585:"Police track arsonists responsible for Victoria bushfires" 1995:

Map of affected areas and number of casualties in each area

1472:

In the southern Dandenong Ranges, bushfires ignited around

619:

4:45 pm – Kilmore East fire front arrived at Kinglake.

442: 8801: 7800:

http://www.police.vic.gov.au/content.asp?Document_ID=20350

7366:"Family of Brendan Sokaluk's ex-girlfriend calls for calm" 7329: 7327: 7203: 7152:

http://www.police.vic.gov.au/content.asp?Document_ID=19541

6683: 6681: 5873:"Dozens of towns on high alert as strong winds fan flames" 5805: 5579:"Teens charged over killer Bendigo fire on Black Saturday" 5186: 5126: 5076:

McNaught, Megan & Pilcher, Georgie (9 February 2009).

4582: 4243:. Country Fire Authority. 13 February 2009. Archived from 2952:

suffered from severe burns. For example, large numbers of

2487:

735 ha (1,820 acres) of fruit trees, olives and vines

1453: 1409:

was still burning out of control, with fronts through the

1358:, destroying 57 of its 61 homes. The fire continued on to 993: 553:

abandoned regular programming to cover the fire situation.

8872: 7636: 7358: 6565:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 12 February 2009. 6184: 5866: 5864: 5523:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 February 2009. 5365: 5363: 5255:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 February 2009. 5192: 5100: 4880: 4878: 4813: 4169: 3966: 3426: 3009: 1979:

area, also died in the Kinglake area fire. Ornithologist

1457:

A car burnt as a result of the Upper Ferntree Gully fires

8885:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 9 February 2009. 8649:. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 15 July 2014. 8171: 8169: 7614:"Fifty bodies may never be identified in Victoria fires" 7606: 7510: 7464:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 9 February 2009. 7420: 6999:"Warrnambool services – Full train service has returned" 6850:"Man badly burnt when wind gust changes blaze direction" 6662:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 8 February 2009. 6581: 6122: 5905:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 9 February 2009. 5773: 5727:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 February 2009. 5318:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 9 February 2009. 5157: 5155: 5136:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 8 February 2009. 5110:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 8 February 2009. 5053:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 8 February 2009. 4533:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 8 February 2009. 3878:

Koob, Simone F.; Cunningham, Melissa (25 January 2019).

3648:

2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission - Final Report

3455: 3453: 3198: 3119:

In announcing that the fires would be investigated by a

3021:

Victorian Bushfire Reconstruction and Recovery Authority

8944:. Standards Australia. 11 February 2009. Archived from 8729:

of $ 200 million in the Centro shareholder class action

8708:. marysvillecommunity.net. 15 July 2014. Archived from 8415: 8413: 8334: 7396:"Looters move in to rob the dead at Heathcote Junction" 7324: 7293: 6678: 6555: 6345: 6223: 6221: 6219: 5970:"Nine confirmed dead in Gippsland, fires still burning" 4262: 4232: 4230: 4060:"Hill paddock is pinpointed as area where fire started" 3960: 3047:

fire that became part of the Kinglake complex, and the

414:

A total of 358 firefighting personnel, mainly from the

182:

that either ignited or were already burning across the

8850:"Stay-at-home policy best, says NSW fire commissioner" 8668: 7228: 7204:

Callick, Rowan & Akerman, Pia (10 February 2009).

6471:"Tidal River camping ground evacuated as fire spreads" 6073:

ABC News (Australian radio network). 8 February 2009.

5861: 5799: 5360: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5304: 4875: 4362:"Tidal River camping ground evacuated as fire spreads" 4118:. Victorian Government. 6 October 2009. Archived from 4052: 3938:"Power company faces class action over Black Saturday" 2910:, Kevin Tolhurst, was developing a new course for the 1952:

who remained unaccounted for were officially located.

27:

Deadly bushfires in Victoria State, Australia, in 2009

9335:

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

8364: 8219:"Telstra says it's ready for the next Black Saturday" 8166: 7846:"Black Saturday inquiry hears of victims' last calls" 6913:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 9 March 2009. 6911:"Bushfire burns victim takes first steps in recovery" 6812: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6756:. Wimmera Mail-Times. 7 February 2009. Archived from 6727:. Wimmera Mail-Times. 8 February 2009. Archived from 6524: 6152: 5806:

Egan, Carmel & Holland, Steve (7 February 2009).

5717: 5193:

Hannan, Ewin & Wallace, Rick (10 February 2009).

5152: 4646: 4644: 4592:. Geelong Advertiser. 8 February 2009. Archived from 4134: 3787:"'Worst day in history': Brumby warns of fire danger" 3450: 3223: 2008:

Out of the 173 deaths, 100 were male, 73 were female.

1127:

The fire destroyed an unknown number of buildings at

742:

Victoria Police increased estimate to 208 fatalities.

410:

Melbourne air temperature on 6, 7 and 8 February 2009

9332: 8776:"Victims of Black Saturday fire launch class action" 8485:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 28 May 2009. 8410: 7302:"Vigilantes publish alleged arsonist's image online" 6297:"Black Saturday arsonist jailed for almost 18 years" 6261:"Vigilantes publish alleged arsonist's image online" 6216: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5342:"Inferno warning: CFA – Local News – News – General" 5253:"North-east residents urged to remain on fire alert" 5245: 4953:"'We can see flames': people stranded in Yarra Glen" 4293: 4238:"Beechworth Area Fire – Community Update Newsletter" 4227: 4176:

Stewart, Cameron; Corrie Perkin (14 February 2009).

4175: 4141:

Schneiders, Ben; Tomazin, Farrah (9 February 2009).

3967:

Lanigan, Roslyn & Woods, Kim (29 January 2009).

3064:. (The previous highest payout was $ 200 Million in 3019:

As of February 2011, two years after the fires, the

2511:

Electricity supply was disrupted to 60,000 residents

1924:

Bushfire damage to property just north of Yarra Glen

906: 894:

fire complex was named after two earlier fires, the

755:

The most significant new fires were in the southern

8768: 8643:"Record payout over Australia Black Saturday fires" 8483:"Bushfire aftermath: smoke trapped over Antarctica" 8056:"The Australian "Black Saturday" Bushfires of 2009" 6887:. The Border Watch. 9 February 2009. Archived from 6417:. Dandenong Leader. 8 February 2009. Archived from 6061: 6059: 5301: 4324: 3911:"Bushfires and extreme heat in southeast Australia" 7739:"TV star dies with partner in Victorian Bushfires" 7620:. The Australian. 10 February 2009. Archived from 7388: 7053: 6803: 6502:"National park at forefront of backburning debate" 6415:"Fire crews mop up after Narre Warren South blaze" 5316:"Meeting held for fire-affected Bendigo residents" 4844: 4641: 3591:. The Australian. 10 February 2009. Archived from 3545: 631:5:45 pm – Kilmore East fire front arrived in 420:Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) 9034:"A guide to building in Victoria after bushfires" 8909:"Victoria looks at changes to building standards" 8698: 8538: 7997:"Dead firefighter professional with young family" 6991: 6781:"Molly flees the scene of 61 good years in a cab" 6015:. Victorian Government. July 2010. Archived from 5508: 5425: 4140: 3382:"What has Australia learned from Black Saturday?" 3166:BAL takes into consideration such factors as the 2996:assessment of the cost of the injuries received. 1346:, and by late afternoon the fire was approaching 1022:, towards the Kinglake fire complex on 8 February 9908: 9098: 9096: 8901: 8734: 8083:"Black Saturday fires had power of 1500 A-bombs" 7882:"Two Filipinos killed in bushfires in Australia" 7577: 7575: 7150:Victoria Police Media Release 17 February 2009. 6818:"Counsel Assisting submission re Coleraine fire" 6056: 5370:Power, Emily; Collier, Karen (9 February 2009). 4987:"Arsonists may have lit Marysville fire – Nixon" 4788: 4786: 4784: 4001:. Berwick & District Journal. Archived from 3780: 3778: 3321: 3152:Department of Planning and Community Development 3056:The class action was ultimately run by law firm 2431:Forest regrowing along Acheron Way in April 2009 1158:firefighters were tackling a separate fire near 8122: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8108: 7837: 7678:"Brian Naylor and wife die in Kinglake inferno" 7550:"Victorian bushfires death toll slashed to 173" 7428:"Alleged looters charged in bushfire aftermath" 6441:"Crews unable to slow Wilsons Promontory blaze" 6160:"Bushfire races towards Loy Yang power station" 5895: 4912: 4523: 3356:"About Black Saturday - Country Fire Authority" 2898:Reactions to the Black Saturday bushfire crisis 2505:3,921 ha (9,690 acres) of private bushland 1863:By the morning of 11 February 2009, reports of 1832:scheduled for 26 May. Following the hearing, a 1515:At a community meeting on 11 February, DSE and 661:announced an initial estimate of 14 fatalities. 9224: 9133: 9062: 8032:Black Saturday data reveals where victims died 7970:"British Family's Grief Over Bushfire Victims" 7926: 6772: 6031: 5394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4143:"The trail of destruction ... and the outlook" 3877: 3258:Black Saturday firestorm (Wildfire case study) 595:4:20 pm – Murrindindi Mill fire impacted 9386: 9093: 9028: 9026: 8501: 8373:"Millions of animals dead in Australia fires" 7648:"Fire's intensity leaves no trace of victims" 7572: 7458:"Brumby announces bushfires Royal Commission" 7271:"Churchill arson accused fails to face court" 7128:. Herald Sun. 9 February 2009. Archived from 6252: 5539: 5279:"Smoke increases with Beechworth backburning" 4781: 4399:"Winds cause nervous moments for Healesville" 3775: 3746: 3744: 3722:. National Climate Centre. 12 February 2009. 3682:. Lawson Crescent Acton Peninsula, Canberra: 3553:"Lightning starts new bushfires in Grampians" 3324:"Rudd criticised over bush fire compensation" 1544:Part of the Maroondah/Yarra complex, east of 732:Bunyip and Beechworth fires almost contained. 246:The wave of heat was caused by a slow-moving 9987:Industrial fires and explosions in Australia 8105: 7792: 6067:"Victoria's power 'secure but under threat'" 5612:"Teens in Black Saturday arson case let off" 5548:"Black Saturday: Bendigo fatal fire 'arson'" 5369: 5164:"Fresh fire jumps river and threatens towns" 5134:"Smoke, cloud restrict Beechworth fire info" 5047:"Smoke, cloud restrict Beechworth fire info" 4853:"Sickening wait for proof of life, or death" 4793:Cowan, Jane; et al. (8 February 2009). 4613: 4611: 4354: 3616:"Horrific, but not the worst we've suffered" 3268:List of disasters in Australia by death toll 2452:Over 3,500 structures destroyed, including: 877: 299: 8635: 6929: 6648: 5870: 5078:"Fast-moving blaze hit with little warning" 5017:"Marysville blaze not the work of arsonist" 4795:"Wiped out: Town destroyed by killer fires" 4560:"Death toll may reach more than 40: police" 4466: 4384: 4299: 3999:"Battle to control Bunyip State Park blaze" 2923:areas, along major roads, and in parkland. 222:Early 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave 9400: 9393: 9379: 9270: 9023: 8183: 8181: 7988: 7541: 6027:– via National Library of Australia. 5403:"Fire had a mind of its own, like a beast" 4554: 4552: 4531:"At a glance: where bushfires are burning" 3741: 3705: 3517:"Marysville fire deliberately lit: police" 1602:, to the Horsham Golf Course, and then to 1507:On 8 February lightning sparked a fire in 1502: 1325: 40: 9354: 8963: 8581:"Hundreds sign for bushfire class action" 8453:"Vic bushfires may affect water supplies" 8422:"Dash to save Melbourne's drinking water" 8216: 7908:"Chilena muere en incendios de Australia" 7031:"Breaking News: Fire races through Pombo" 6754:"Haven school, hall, general store saved" 6563:"Winds force change to backburning plans" 6329:. V/Line. 8 February 2009. Archived from 6227: 5521:"Arson suspected in deadly Bendigo blaze" 4980: 4978: 4850: 4608: 4505:"Reports of major casualties at Kinglake" 4209:"Cigarette butt blamed for town's losses" 3902: 3473:2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission 2484:62,000 ha (150,000 acres) of pasture 2481:190 ha (470 acres) of standing crops 1894:2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission 1257: 1254:. The fire was contained by 10 February. 988:2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission 394:Learn how and when to remove this message 212:, was held in response to the bushfires. 206:2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission 9271:Kininmonth, William (26 February 2009). 8993: 8507: 8370: 8278: 8236: 7767: 7089: 6037: 5344:. Bendigo Advertiser. 17 February 2009. 4950: 4851:Coslovich, Gabriella (9 February 2009). 4405:. Melbourne: The Age. 17 February 2009. 3784: 3750: 3098: 2986: 2914:on fire behaviour. Later that month the 2562:1,244 houses, many commercial buildings 2426: 2418: 2410: 2369: 1990: 1971:, and his wife Moiree. Veteran TV actor 1919: 1907: 1824:in Melbourne on 16 February the man was 1752: 1744: 1736: 1728: 1539: 1535: 1495:. Amongst the damage was the almost new 1452: 1437: 1433: 1317: 1177: 1025: 1009: 997: 881: 686: 456: 405: 225: 9651:Eastern Victoria Great Divide (2006–07) 9225:Stewart, Kath; Hawkins, Deidre (2018). 9102: 8749:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 8740: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8450: 8217:Bingemann, Mitchell (1 December 2009). 8178: 8053: 7994: 7645: 6903: 6885:"Coleraine saved from fire devastation" 6847: 6778: 6319: 5934: 5751:"Residents on high alert as fire nears" 5725:"Residents warned as fire breaks lines" 5461:. Bendigo Advertiser. 8 February 2009. 5400: 5223:"Prisoners help fight Beechworth blaze" 5161: 4797:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 4566:. Melbourne: The Age. 7 February 2009. 4549: 4507:. Geelong Advertiser. 8 February 2009. 3753:"City swelters, records tumble in heat" 2469:Agricultural and horticultural losses: 2446:450,000 ha (1,100,000 acres) burnt 2055:1 firefighter, David Balfour, 47, from 1775:Chief Commissioner of Victoria Police, 994:Marysville area (Murrindindi Mill fire) 581:peaked at 46.4 °C (115.5 °F). 14: 9909: 9199: 9178: 9068: 8371:Gelineau, Kristen (11 February 2009). 8080: 7843: 7584:"Identity may not be possible for all" 7547: 7516: 7336:"'Arsonist' online threats taken down" 7268: 7092:"Emotional Premier gives fire warning" 7061:"Bush Fires – Road Closures: VicRoads" 6530: 6499: 5871:Wotherspoon, Sarah (9 February 2009). 5576: 5545: 5483: 4975: 4820:Davies, Julie-Anne (9 February 2009). 4819: 4765:. Victorian Government. Archived from 4739:. Victorian Government. Archived from 4713:. Victorian Government. Archived from 4687:. Victorian Government. Archived from 4475:"Victorians receive fire text warning" 4472: 4268: 4206: 3996: 3908: 3815: 3729:from the original on 13 September 2016 3613: 3514: 2826:61 houses, 125 sheds and outbuildings 2586:590 houses, many commercial buildings 1262:A fire started at Bunyip Ridge in the 990:to be an ageing SP AusNet power line. 566:2:55 pm – Murrindindi Mill fire ( 60:during the morning of 7 February 2009. 52:satellite image of smoke plumes and a 9977:21st-century mass murder in Australia 9374: 9314:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 9302:The Herald Sun's interactive fire map 9139: 9081:from the original on 21 February 2009 8889:from the original on 10 February 2009 8827:from the original on 14 February 2009 8786:from the original on 16 February 2015 8753:from the original on 10 February 2015 8686:from the original on 16 February 2015 8653:from the original on 16 February 2015 8561:from the original on 18 February 2009 8526:from the original on 10 February 2011 8489:from the original on 13 December 2009 8463:from the original on 18 February 2009 8432:from the original on 21 February 2009 8398:Last captive Leadbeater's possum dies 8309: 8054:Stewart, Cameron (23 November 2009). 7995:Murdoch, Lindsay (18 February 2009). 7768:Trounson, Andrew (12 February 2009). 7719:from the original on 30 December 2012 7658:from the original on 17 February 2009 7646:Murdoch, Lindsay (16 February 2009). 7581: 7529:from the original on 28 February 2009 7498:from the original on 10 February 2009 7468:from the original on 12 February 2009 7376:from the original on 25 February 2014 7346:from the original on 19 February 2009 7333: 7312:from the original on 18 February 2009 7299: 7281:from the original on 17 February 2009 7247:from the original on 13 February 2009 7234: 7041:from the original on 12 February 2009 6979:from the original on 12 November 2012 6791:from the original on 11 February 2009 6700:from the original on 30 December 2012 6690:"It's frightening in the firing line" 6623: 6605:from the original on 12 February 2009 6592: 6569:from the original on 15 February 2009 6512:from the original on 15 February 2009 6451:from the original on 21 February 2009 6395:from the original on 11 February 2009 6363:from the original on 31 December 2012 6258: 6192:"Shifting winds flare up fire fronts" 6172:from the original on 12 February 2009 6140:from the original on 11 February 2009 6077:from the original on 11 February 2009 6003: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5964: 5962: 5909:from the original on 10 February 2009 5849:from the original on 21 February 2009 5836: 5818:from the original on 10 February 2009 5609: 5558:from the original on 12 December 2009 5527:from the original on 12 February 2009 5465:from the original on 11 February 2009 5413:from the original on 11 February 2009 5382:from the original on 30 December 2012 5348:from the original on 13 February 2012 5289:from the original on 11 February 2009 5259:from the original on 13 February 2009 5162:Pilcher, Georgie (10 February 2009). 5114:from the original on 11 February 2009 5108:"Buildings destroyed near Beechworth" 5088:from the original on 31 December 2012 4984: 4863:from the original on 11 February 2009 4792: 4409:from the original on 19 February 2009 4372:from the original on 12 February 2009 4342:from the original on 13 February 2009 3975:from the original on 15 February 2009 3935: 3917:from the original on 19 February 2009 3846: 3660:from the original on 27 February 2019 3628:from the original on 13 February 2009 3577: 3533:from the original on 7 September 2017 3322:Collins, Pádraig (12 February 2009). 3199:Banning housing in highest risk areas 3193:Australasian Fire Authorities Council 2518: 2406: 508:Saturday, 7 February (Black Saturday) 148:Various confirmed sources including: 9156:from the original on 21 January 2011 9103:Rintoul, Stuart (15 February 2010). 8919:from the original on 4 November 2012 8814: 8605: 8310:Crowe, Danielle (9 September 2009). 8279:Costigan, Justine (September 2009). 8126: 7976:from the original on 28 January 2012 7819:"Fire in Australia Kills two Greeks" 7519:"Missing may lift death toll to 240" 7182:from the original on 20 October 2012 7169: 6967:"Rail services to get back on track" 6860:from the original on 22 October 2009 6687: 6666:from the original on 8 November 2012 6626:"Healesville fire threat downgraded" 6277:from the original on 16 January 2010 6228:Silvester, John (13 February 2009). 6204:from the original on 27 October 2013 5980:from the original on 2 December 2020 5935:Jackson, Nicole (12 February 2009). 5731:from the original on 9 February 2009 5636: 5322:from the original on 9 February 2009 5140:from the original on 9 February 2009 5057:from the original on 9 February 2009 4963:from the original on 9 February 2009 4951:Townsend, Hamish (8 February 2008). 4801:from the original on 9 February 2009 4662:from the original on 8 February 2015 4570:from the original on 8 February 2009 4537:from the original on 9 February 2009 4511:from the original on 9 February 2009 4281:from the original on 6 November 2012 4157:from the original on 3 November 2012 4092:. Wimmera Mail-Times. Archived from 3890:from the original on 19 October 2019 3797:from the original on 9 February 2009 3763:from the original on 8 February 2009 3751:Townsend, Hamish (7 February 2009). 3508: 3273:List of major bushfires in Australia 2284: 2236: 2111: 1670:tree by the strong prevailing wind. 1586:brigade narrowly escaped when their 1442:Fire damaged bushland surrounds the 691:Map of fire locations on 10 February 683:increased estimate to 25 fatalities. 332:adding citations to reliable sources 303: 9895:List of Australian bushfire seasons 9150:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 8508:Johanson, Simon (7 February 2011). 8419: 8129:"Black Saturday cost $ 4.4 billion" 7709:"TV legend Brian Naylor found dead" 7706: 7517:Dobbin, Marika (26 February 2009). 6779:Flitton, Daniel (9 February 2009). 6531:Elmore, Lionel (12 February 2009). 6134:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 6071:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 5614:. Melbourne: 9 News. Archived from 4590:"Kilmore fires cause grave concern" 4300:Milovanovic, Selma (6 April 2009). 4040:from the original on 4 October 2009 3942:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3690:from the original on 6 January 2020 3469:The Kilmore East Fire: Final Report 3358:. 27 September 2019. Archived from 3336:from the original on 9 October 2012 2832:Maiden Gully/Bracewell Street fire 2658:24 houses, several other buildings 1887: 254:, with a combination of an intense 24: 9185:. Penguin Random House Australia. 9172: 9069:Jopson, Debra (12 February 2009). 8741:Ferrier, Steph (6 February 2015). 8451:Roberts, Greg (17 February 2009). 8375:. Associated Press. Archived from 7950:from the original on 22 April 2009 7745:. 11 February 2009. Archived from 7688:from the original on 11 March 2012 7582:Smith, Bridie (11 February 2009). 7488:"Victorian fires royal commission" 7408:from the original on 22 March 2014 7404:. News Limited. 11 February 2009. 7090:Moncrief, Mark (8 February 2009). 6656:"Horsham assesses bushfire damage" 6500:Millar, Royce (12 February 2009). 6391:. Fairfax Media. 8 February 2009. 6307:from the original on 14 March 2017 6230:"Churchill arson suspect arrested" 6130:"Gippsland fires continue to rage" 5992: 5959: 5883:from the original on 22 March 2014 5837:White, Leslie (11 February 2009). 5699:"Bushfire threatens to break free" 5577:Hunter, Thomas (2 February 2010). 5484:Perkin, Corrie (9 February 2009). 5401:Kennedy, Peter (9 February 2009). 5229:. 10 February 2009. Archived from 5174:from the original on 22 March 2014 4900:from the original on 15 March 2012 4822:"Razed township fears for missing" 4207:Perkin, Corrie (9 February 2009). 4188:from the original on 31 March 2014 3997:Miller, Elisa (12 February 2009). 3948:from the original on 16 April 2018 3909:Karoly, David (16 February 2009). 3816:Cripps, Grace (25 November 2019). 3785:Moncrief, Mark (6 February 2009). 3565:from the original on 7 August 2020 3303:2019–20 Australian bushfire season 3298:2008–09 Australian bushfire season 3136:New South Wales Rural Fire Service 2982: 2730:8 houses, several other buildings 1190:A fire to the west of the city of 1079: 98:450,000 hectares (1,100,000 acres) 25: 10003: 9947:February 2009 events in Australia 9246: 8856:. 9 February 2009. Archived from 8551:"Huge fire class action launched" 8145:from the original on 28 June 2011 8093:from the original on 11 July 2011 8013:from the original on 28 June 2011 7934:"Bushfires claim first NZ victim" 7560:from the original on 17 July 2021 7438:from the original on 17 July 2021 7334:Moses, Asher (17 February 2009). 7300:Moses, Asher (16 February 2009). 7269:Rennie, Reko (16 February 2009). 7235:Grace, Robyn (12 February 2009). 7102:from the original on 17 July 2021 6917:from the original on 17 July 2021 6848:Johnson, Alex (9 February 2009). 6725:"Horsham fire: The latest report" 6624:Grace, Robyn (10 February 2009). 6593:Smith, Britt (10 February 2009). 6481:from the original on 17 July 2021 6259:Moses, Asher (16 February 2009). 6240:from the original on 17 July 2021 6106:. 9 February 2009. Archived from 5757:. 7 February 2009. Archived from 5591:from the original on 6 April 2010 5027:from the original on 28 June 2011 4997:from the original on 17 July 2021 4985:Grace, Robyn (12 February 2009). 4485:from the original on 3 March 2009 4312:from the original on 9 April 2009 4086:"Horsham fire: The latest report" 3859:from the original on 2 April 2020 3828:from the original on 17 July 2021 3614:Huxley, John (11 February 2009). 3145: 1902: 1724: 1621: 1233: 907:Kinglake area (Kilmore East fire) 608:4:30 pm – fire commenced at 428:McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index 9265:CFA Black Saturday video footage 9140:Cowan, Jane (15 February 2010). 8971:"Bushfire planning and building" 8931: 8815:Rood, David (10 February 2009). 8573: 8510:"Recovery a painfully slow path" 8475: 8444: 8407:. ninemsn.com.au. 15 April 2006. 8391: 8352:from the original on 6 July 2011 8303: 8287:. pp. 15–17. Archived from 8272: 8210: 8157: 8074: 8047: 8025: 7962: 7900: 7874: 7862:from the original on 30 May 2013 7844:Hughes, Gary (5 November 2009). 7811: 7761: 7731: 7700: 7670: 7480: 7450: 7172:"Kiwis to help identify victims" 7163: 7144: 7114: 7083: 6959: 6463: 6433: 6407: 6375: 6353:"Owners flee as fires gut homes" 6289: 6013:2009 VBRC - Final Report - Vol 1 5675:. 26 August 2013. Archived from 5459:"Bendigo Battles Wall of Flames" 5372:"The man up the road is on fire" 3414:from the original on 20 May 2019 3233: 2706:12 houses, several outbuildings 2493:7,000 ha (17,000 acres) of 1841:profile and published it on the 1002:Fire approaching a residence in 308: 9641:Eastern Victorian alpine (2003) 9231:. Kinglake Historical Society. 9121:from the original on 4 May 2011 8420:Ker, Peter (17 February 2009). 7170:Vass, Beck (11 February 2009). 5903:"At a glance: fires of concern" 5661: 5630: 5603: 5570: 5477: 5334: 5039: 5009: 4944: 4886:"Marysville toll may be 1 in 5" 4755: 4729: 4703: 4677: 4625:. 30 March 2009. Archived from 4473:Dobbin, Marika (3 March 2009). 4457: 4448: 4439: 4430: 4421: 4338:. Herald Sun. 8 February 2009. 4200: 4108: 3936:Brown, Rachel (23 April 2009). 3929: 3871: 3840: 3809: 3672: 3640: 3607: 3384:. 16 April 2019. Archived from 3188:Australian Building Codes Board 3157:Based on this information, the 2524:Summary of damage by locality 2374:Bushfire damage to property in 1692: 1573: 1173: 1018:, looking northeast across the 319:needs additional citations for 234:during the peak of the heatwave 9001:"Publications and Fact Sheets" 8817:"Forest strategies questioned" 8589:. 19 June 2010. Archived from 8342:"New Warning System Explained" 8253:. 31 July 2010. Archived from 8127:Gray, Darren (1 August 2010). 7776:. News Limited. Archived from 6688:Thom, Greg (9 February 2009). 6383:"Many may be trapped in homes" 5781:"Fire crews forced to retreat" 5492:. News Limited. Archived from 4269:Strong, Geoff (5 March 2009). 4066:. Herald Sun. 12 February 2009 3400: 3374: 3348: 3315: 3094: 2778:1 house, several outbuildings 2107:Kinglake/Whittlesea Area (120) 1444:Ringwood - Belgrave Rail Trail 1311:about smoke from those fires. 1205:A relief centre was set up at 1167:Beechworth Correctional Centre 872: 577:3:04 pm – temperature in 13: 1: 9932:Bushfires in Victoria (state) 8622:The Supreme Court of Victoria 8285:Melbourne University Magazine 7548:Cooper, Mex (30 March 2009). 6595:"Fires threaten Yarra Valley" 3515:Rennie, Reko (1 April 2009). 3308: 3035:lawsuit was initiated in the 1986: 1901: 1389:, particularly the station's 928:, and then onto the towns of 472:'s South Island on 8 February 452: 215: 9413:Australian Capital Territory 9182:The Arsonist: A Mind on Fire 8081:Hughes, Gary (22 May 2009). 7707:And, Aap (9 February 2009). 5639:"Five minutes and it's fire" 5546:Cooper, Mex (10 July 2009). 3969:"Gippsland faces third fire" 3684:National Museum of Australia 3159:Building Commission Victoria 2937:forecasts an outlook of the 2891: 2508:Over 55 businesses destroyed 2437:Hiroshima-sized atomic bombs 1014:Smoke mixed with cloud over 7: 9937:Forests of Victoria (state) 9917:2009 disasters in Australia 8883:"Nixon defends fire policy" 8318:. p. 5. Archived from 7590:. Melbourne. Archived from 6632:. Melbourne. Archived from 5023:. Melbourne. 25 June 2011. 3847:Manne, Robert (July 2009). 3219: 3026: 2935:Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) 2365: 1875:, a number of residents of 1820:. At a file hearing in the 1782: 1770: 1033:toboggan run after the fire 291:issued a warning about the 10: 10008: 9661:Great Ocean Road (2015–16) 5637:Cain, Kim (2 March 2009). 3818:"Black Saturday Bushfires" 3680:"Black Saturday bushfires" 3438:Australian Medical Journal 3408:"2009 Victorian Bushfires" 2895: 2855:Upper Ferntree Gully fire 2661:Arson/lightning suspected 1891: 1858: 677:fire ignited by lightning. 482:Delburn fire commenced in 477:Wednesday, 28 January 2009 343:"Black Saturday bushfires" 219: 70:7 February – 14 March 2009 9992:2009 industrial disasters 9967:Wildfires caused by arson 9952:2009 murders in Australia 9942:2000s in Victoria (state) 9889: 9724: 9669: 9584: 9554: 9489: 9430: 9410: 9075:The Sydney Morning Herald 8913:The Sydney Morning Herald 8062:. Encyclopædia Britannica 7237:"Arson suspects arrested" 7157:30 September 2009 at the 6388:The Sydney Morning Herald 5839:"Rain the only fire hope" 3621:The Sydney Morning Herald 3072:FCA 650 (19 June 2012).) 3062:Supreme Court of Victoria 3037:Supreme Court of Victoria 2616:Churchill-Jeeralang fire 2392:Royal Children's Hospital 1938:July 2005 London bombings 878:Kinglake–Marysville fires 802:near both Yarra Glen and 570:area) first spotted from 300:Events of 7 February 2009 191:family-less as a result. 144: 139: 131: 123: 115: 110: 102: 94: 89: 75: 65: 39: 34: 9691:Western Australia (2015) 9681:Western Australia (1961) 9259:Black Saturday bushfires 7178:. APN News & Media. 2808:Maroondah/Yarra complex 1787: 1653:37.581028°S 141.641333°E 1632:single wire earth return 1385:The fire threatened the 176:Black Saturday bushfires 35:Black Saturday Bushfires 9521:Ash Wednesday II (1983) 9452:Eastern seaboard (1994) 9297:The Age's image gallery 9200:Hyland, Adrian (2015). 8545:Houston, Cameron & 8281:"Responding to Tragedy" 7805:19 October 2013 at the 6038:McGourty, John (2009). 3248:Ash Wednesday bushfires 2912:University of Melbourne 2664:Bunyip State Park fire 2317:Jeerralang Junction (1) 1967:television personality 1949:University of Melbourne 1554:Maroondah/Yarra complex 1503:Wilsons Promontory fire 1421:and surrounding areas. 1326:Central Gippsland fires 9982:2000s fires in Oceania 9531:Kangaroo Island (2007) 9516:Ash Wednesday I (1980) 9476:New South Wales (2013) 9457:Black Christmas (2001) 9403:Bushfires in Australia 9179:Hooper, Chloe (2018). 8346:Country Fire Authority 8251:Government of Victoria 8198:. Victorian Government 7654:. Melbourne: The Age. 7556:. Melbourne: The Age. 7525:. Melbourne: The Age. 7176:The New Zealand Herald 7098:. Melbourne: The Age. 6104:Latrobe Valley Express 5941:Latrobe Valley Express 4993:. Melbourne: The Age. 4959:. Melbourne: The Age. 4859:. Melbourne: The Age. 4619:"Bushfires death toll" 4481:. Melbourne: The Age. 4308:. Melbourne: The Age. 4277:. Melbourne: The Age. 3793:. Melbourne: The Age. 3759:. Melbourne: The Age. 3104: 2992: 2880:3,500+ (2,029+ houses) 2789:Maroondah/Upper Yarra 2592:Murrindindi Mill fire 2449:7,562 people displaced 2432: 2424: 2416: 2378: 2280:Central Gippsland (11) 1996: 1959:West area were former 1955:Among the dead in the 1925: 1917: 1758: 1750: 1742: 1734: 1658:-37.581028; 141.641333 1590:was engulfed by fire. 1549: 1458: 1450: 1407:Churchill fire complex 1387:Loy Yang Power Station 1322: 1258:Bunyip State Park fire 1187: 1034: 1023: 1007: 926:Kinglake National Park 887: 841:messages on behalf of 692: 588:fire front arrived at 473: 416:Country Fire Authority 411: 279:Country Fire Authority 250:that settled over the 235: 230:Temperature graph for 197:Deputy Prime Minister 9656:Black Saturday (2009) 9596:Black Thursday (1851) 9501:Adelaide Hills (1939) 8060:Advocates for Animals 5669:"Back from the brink" 5610:Henderson, Michelle. 5435:. CFA. Archived from 4925:. CFA. Archived from 4920:"Yea-Murrundindi map" 3720:Bureau of Meteorology 3102: 3043:, in relation to the 2990: 2974:O'Shannassy Reservoir 2754:Several outbuildings 2430: 2422: 2414: 2373: 2265:(ACT firefighter) (1) 1994: 1923: 1911: 1756: 1748: 1740: 1732: 1543: 1536:Maroondah/Yarra fires 1467:Belgrave railway line 1456: 1441: 1434:Dandenong Ranges fire 1321: 1181: 1029: 1013: 1001: 885: 825:Tuesday, 3 March 2009 737:Thursday, 19 February 690: 495:Wednesday, 4 February 460: 409: 260:North West Australian 229: 135:3,500+ (2,029 houses) 9962:February 2009 crimes 9631:Ash Wednesday (1983) 9566:Black Tuesday (1967) 9526:Black Tuesday (2005) 8915:. 16 February 2009. 8549:(15 February 2009). 8403:5 April 2012 at the 8322:on 14 September 2009 8291:on 10 September 2009 8260:on 11 September 2009 7434:. 13 February 2009. 7372:. 17 February 2009. 7035:Warrnambool Standard 6975:. 10 February 2009. 6854:Warrnambool Standard 6447:. 17 February 2009. 6333:on 28 September 2011 6009:"The Churchill Fire" 5937:"Blaze claims lives" 5285:. 10 February 2009. 4896:. 11 February 2009. 4743:on 24 September 2015 3362:on 27 September 2019 3293:1967 Tasmanian fires 2538:Buildings destroyed 2232:Marysville Area (39) 1497:Upper Ferntree Gully 1463:Upper Ferntree Gully 1448:Upper Ferntree Gully 1146:, having jumped the 706:Tuesday, 17 February 696:Tuesday, 10 February 328:improve this article 248:high-pressure system 208:, headed by Justice 132:Structures destroyed 9972:Mass murder in 2009 9616:Black Friday (1939) 9611:Black Sunday (1926) 9541:Sampson Flat (2015) 9506:Black Sunday (1955) 9347:2013QJRMS.139..585E 8951:on 19 February 2009 8860:on 11 February 2009 8379:on 15 February 2009 8312:"Hotspots register" 8037:29 May 2009 at the 7946:. 8 February 2009. 7825:on 15 February 2009 7749:on 14 February 2009 7684:. 9 February 2009. 7624:on 12 February 2009 7594:on 30 December 2012 7494:. 9 February 2009. 7492:The Daily Telegraph 7216:on 13 February 2009 7132:on 10 February 2009 7037:. 8 February 2009. 6947:on 31 December 2012 6891:on 12 February 2009 6760:on 11 February 2009 6731:on 31 December 2012 6636:on 30 December 2012 6543:on 30 December 2012 6477:. 9 February 2009. 6359:. 8 February 2009. 6200:. 9 February 2009. 6168:. 9 February 2009. 6136:. 9 February 2009. 6100:"Loy Yang on alert" 5976:. 8 February 2009. 5947:on 12 February 2009 5761:on 10 February 2009 5679:on 21 February 2014 5496:on 10 February 2009 5233:on 15 February 2009 4932:on 24 February 2009 4832:on 11 February 2009 4368:. 9 February 2009. 4250:on 24 February 2009 4096:on 31 December 2012 3686:. 7 February 2023. 3595:on 13 February 2009 3561:. 8 February 2009. 3492:on 12 November 2020 3443:6 June 2011 at the 3253:Black Friday (1939) 3125:Premier of Victoria 3110:Ash Wednesday fires 2970:Maroondah Reservoir 2959:Leadbeater's possum 2852:Unknown, machinery 2669:Wilsons Promontory 2525: 2396:The Alfred Hospital 2102:Locality of deaths: 2076:Outside houses (27) 2073:Inside houses (113) 2068:Location of deaths: 1826:remanded in custody 1649: / 1618:, east of Horsham. 1405:By 9 February, the 787:Friday, 27 February 767:(near Hogans Lane, 747:Monday, 23 February 286:Premier of Victoria 18:Victorian Bushfires 9922:Arson in Australia 9727:By national season 9686:Perth Hills (2014) 9646:Mount Lubra (2006) 9606:Red Tuesday (1898) 9536:Cherryville (2013) 9308:"Eye of the Storm" 8712:on 6 February 2015 8547:Bachelard, Michael 7682:Geelong Advertiser 6165:Geelong Advertiser 6042:. Harper Collins. 5618:on 7 November 2011 5439:on 18 January 2009 5227:The Canberra Times 4596:on 9 February 2009 3105: 3004:acres) of grazing 2993: 2930:Fire Danger Rating 2916:City of Manningham 2645:Bunyip State Park 2597:Central Gippsland 2568:Kilmore East fire 2523: 2519:Damage by locality 2433: 2425: 2417: 2407:Overall statistics 2379: 2202:Heathcote Junction 2059:, was killed near 2000:General statistics 1997: 1926: 1918: 1869:Heathcote Junction 1822:Magistrates' Court 1759: 1751: 1743: 1735: 1550: 1509:Wilsons Promontory 1482:Narre Warren North 1478:Narre Warren South 1459: 1451: 1391:open-cut coal mine 1323: 1188: 1035: 1024: 1008: 888: 850:Wednesday, 4 March 811:Wilsons Promontory 693: 675:Wilsons Promontory 666:Sunday, 8 February 474: 412: 268:northern Australia 236: 124:Non-fatal injuries 9904: 9903: 9672:Western Australia 9601:Heytesbury (1886) 9461:Warragamba (2001) 9255:(very large file) 9238:978-0-9871217-8-3 9192:978-1-74348-552-1 8316:Manningham Leader 6660:ABC South East SA 6303:. 27 April 2012. 6110:on 22 August 2011 6049:978-0-7322-9010-8 5787:. 7 February 2009 5705:. 6 February 2009 4005:on 21 August 2011 3822:ArcGIS Story Maps 3624:. Fairfax Media. 3482:978-0-9807408-2-0 3278:List of wildfires 3168:Fire Danger Index 3114:Monash University 3068:Centro Properties 3058:Maurice Blackburn 2939:Fire Danger Index 2889: 2888: 2837:Dandenong Ranges 2544:Fire name/origin 2495:plantation timber 2326: 2325: 2276: 2275: 2228: 2227: 2085:Near vehicles (5) 1843:social networking 1834:suppression order 1830:committal hearing 1818:child pornography 1676:Victorian Premier 1415:Strzelecki Ranges 1264:Bunyip State Park 501:Bunyip State Park 484:Central Gippsland 404: 403: 396: 378: 178:were a series of 172: 171: 54:pyrocumulus cloud 16:(Redirected from 9999: 9896: 9728: 9696:Esperance (2015) 9673: 9588: 9558: 9493: 9447:Chatsbury (1965) 9434: 9414: 9404: 9395: 9388: 9381: 9372: 9371: 9367: 9358: 9341:(672): 585–599, 9323: 9321: 9319: 9293: 9291: 9289: 9242: 9221: 9196: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9161: 9137: 9131: 9130: 9128: 9126: 9100: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9086: 9066: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9050:on 13 March 2018 9049: 9041:Official website 9038: 9030: 9021: 9020: 9018: 9016: 9005:Official website 8997: 8991: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8981:on 28 March 2011 8967: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8950: 8943: 8935: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8905: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8879: 8870: 8869: 8867: 8865: 8846: 8837: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8812: 8799: 8798: 8793: 8791: 8772: 8766: 8765: 8760: 8758: 8738: 8732: 8731: 8719: 8717: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8672: 8666: 8665: 8660: 8658: 8639: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8628: 8614: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8577: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8542: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8531: 8505: 8499: 8498: 8496: 8494: 8479: 8473: 8472: 8470: 8468: 8448: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8417: 8408: 8395: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8384: 8368: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8338: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8276: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8265: 8259: 8248: 8240: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8229: 8214: 8208: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8193: 8189:"Black Saturday" 8185: 8176: 8173: 8164: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8124: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8078: 8072: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8051: 8045: 8029: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8018: 7992: 7986: 7985: 7983: 7981: 7966: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7930: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7919: 7910:. 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Archived from 6995: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6963: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6943:. Archived from 6933: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6881: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6845: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6824:on 14 March 2011 6814: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6750: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6721: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6685: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6590: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6559: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6539:. 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Weekly Times. 3964: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3913:. Real Climate. 3906: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3782: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3748: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3728: 3717: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3697: 3695: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3659: 3652: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3499: 3497: 3491: 3490:(PDF - 1,478 KB) 3485:. Archived from 3466: 3457: 3448: 3447:article abstract 3435: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3388:on 16 April 2019 3378: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3319: 3263:Electric utility 3238: 3237: 3236: 3229: 3210:Dandenong Ranges 3121:Royal Commission 2640:Mudgegonga fire 2573:Marysville Area 2541:Ignition source 2526: 2522: 2285: 2237: 2213:Upper Plenty (1) 2112: 2079:In vehicles (11) 1904: 1888:Royal commission 1764:Royal Commission 1664: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1548:, on 10 February 757:Dandenong Ranges 657:10:00 pm – 556:12:45 pm – 549:12:30 pm – 542:12:30 pm – 503:blaze commenced. 399: 392: 388: 385: 379: 377: 336: 312: 304: 258:located off the 184:Australian state 71: 44: 32: 31: 21: 10007: 10006: 10002: 10001: 10000: 9998: 9997: 9996: 9907: 9906: 9905: 9900: 9894: 9885: 9726: 9720: 9716:Wanneroo (2023) 9711:Beechina (2021) 9706:Wooroloo (2021) 9671: 9665: 9586: 9580: 9576:Tasmania (2016) 9571:Tasmania (2013) 9556: 9550: 9492:South Australia 9491: 9485: 9471:Pulletop (2006) 9433:New South Wales 9432: 9426: 9422:Canberra (2003) 9412: 9406: 9402: 9399: 9356:10.1002/qj.1986 9317: 9315: 9306: 9287: 9285: 9249: 9239: 9218: 9208:Text Publishing 9193: 9175: 9173:Further reading 9170: 9169: 9159: 9157: 9138: 9134: 9124: 9122: 9101: 9094: 9084: 9082: 9067: 9063: 9053: 9051: 9047: 9036: 9032: 9031: 9024: 9014: 9012: 9011:on 5 April 2011 8999: 8998: 8994: 8984: 8982: 8969: 8968: 8964: 8954: 8952: 8948: 8941: 8937: 8936: 8932: 8922: 8920: 8907: 8906: 8902: 8892: 8890: 8881: 8880: 8873: 8863: 8861: 8848: 8847: 8840: 8830: 8828: 8813: 8802: 8789: 8787: 8774: 8773: 8769: 8756: 8754: 8739: 8735: 8715: 8713: 8704: 8703: 8699: 8689: 8687: 8674: 8673: 8669: 8656: 8654: 8647:BBC News (Asia) 8641: 8640: 8636: 8626: 8624: 8616: 8615: 8606: 8596: 8594: 8593:on 23 June 2010 8579: 8578: 8574: 8564: 8562: 8543: 8539: 8529: 8527: 8506: 8502: 8492: 8490: 8481: 8480: 8476: 8466: 8464: 8449: 8445: 8435: 8433: 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2751: 2746: 2727: 2722: 2703: 2698: 2679: 2674: 2655: 2650: 2631: 2626: 2607: 2602: 2583: 2578: 2559: 2554: 2521: 2409: 2368: 2327: 2277: 2229: 2094:On reserves (1) 2088:On roadways (5) 1989: 1906: 1896: 1890: 1882:Christine Nixon 1873:ABC Local Radio 1861: 1790: 1785: 1777:Christine Nixon 1773: 1727: 1719:Princes Highway 1695: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1635: 1624: 1612:Western Highway 1596:Wimmera Highway 1576: 1538: 1505: 1436: 1428: 1364:Traralgon South 1336:Hazelwood South 1328: 1260: 1236: 1212:Victoria Police 1186:at 5:52 pm 1176: 1082: 1080:Beechworth fire 1006:at 6:11 pm 996: 909: 880: 875: 843:Victoria Police 723:Armstrong Creek 681:Victoria Police 659:Victoria Police 642:fire commenced. 638:6:00 pm – 584:4:20 pm – 551:ABC Local Radio 546:fire commenced. 533:pine plantation 455: 400: 389: 383: 380: 337: 335: 325: 313: 302: 293:extreme weather 224: 218: 168: 69: 61: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10005: 9995: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9927:2009 wildfires 9924: 9919: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9898: 9890: 9887: 9886: 9884: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9732: 9730: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9701:Waroona (2016) 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9677: 9675: 9667: 9666: 9664: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9621:WWII (1943–44) 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9592: 9590: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9562: 9560: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9511:Wandilo (1958) 9508: 9503: 9497: 9495: 9487: 9486: 9484: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9438: 9436: 9428: 9427: 9425: 9424: 9418: 9416: 9408: 9407: 9398: 9397: 9390: 9383: 9375: 9369: 9368: 9330: 9324: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9268: 9262: 9256: 9248: 9247:External links 9245: 9244: 9243: 9237: 9222: 9216: 9197: 9191: 9174: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9132: 9110:The Australian 9092: 9061: 9022: 8992: 8962: 8930: 8900: 8871: 8854:The Australian 8838: 8800: 8767: 8733: 8697: 8667: 8634: 8604: 8572: 8537: 8500: 8474: 8443: 8409: 8390: 8363: 8333: 8302: 8271: 8235: 8223:The Australian 8209: 8177: 8165: 8156: 8104: 8087:The Australian 8073: 8046: 8024: 7987: 7961: 7925: 7914:on 7 July 2011 7899: 7888:on 2 June 2016 7873: 7851:The Australian 7836: 7810: 7791: 7780:on 3 July 2012 7774:The Australian 7760: 7743:The Australian 7730: 7713:The Herald Sun 7699: 7669: 7635: 7605: 7571: 7540: 7509: 7479: 7449: 7419: 7387: 7370:The Australian 7357: 7323: 7292: 7258: 7227: 7210:The Australian 7193: 7162: 7143: 7113: 7082: 7071:on 16 May 2009 7052: 7022: 6990: 6958: 6928: 6902: 6871: 6835: 6802: 6771: 6742: 6711: 6677: 6647: 6616: 6580: 6554: 6523: 6492: 6462: 6432: 6421:on 6 July 2011 6406: 6374: 6344: 6318: 6288: 6251: 6215: 6183: 6151: 6121: 6088: 6055: 6048: 6040:Black Saturday 6030: 5991: 5974:www.abc.net.au 5958: 5920: 5894: 5860: 5829: 5798: 5785:The Australian 5772: 5755:The Australian 5742: 5716: 5703:The Australian 5690: 5660: 5629: 5602: 5569: 5538: 5507: 5476: 5450: 5424: 5393: 5359: 5333: 5300: 5270: 5244: 5211: 5199:The Australian 5185: 5151: 5125: 5099: 5068: 5038: 5008: 4974: 4943: 4911: 4874: 4843: 4826:The Australian 4812: 4780: 4769:on 17 May 2010 4754: 4728: 4717:on 6 July 2011 4702: 4691:on 17 May 2010 4676: 4640: 4607: 4581: 4548: 4522: 4496: 4465: 4456: 4447: 4438: 4429: 4420: 4383: 4353: 4323: 4292: 4261: 4226: 4199: 4184:. Australian. 4168: 4133: 4122:on 17 May 2010 4107: 4077: 4051: 4016: 3986: 3959: 3928: 3901: 3870: 3839: 3808: 3774: 3740: 3704: 3671: 3639: 3606: 3576: 3544: 3507: 3481: 3475:. p. 75. 3449: 3425: 3399: 3373: 3347: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3243: 3242: 3221: 3218: 3200: 3197: 3147: 3146:Building codes 3144: 3096: 3093: 3070:Limited (No 6) 3028: 3025: 2984: 2981: 2908:fire ecologist 2896:Main article: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2549:Kinglake Area 2546: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2497: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2450: 2447: 2408: 2405: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2339: 2332: 2331: 2330:Beechworth (2) 2324: 2323: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2303: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2295: 2294: 2283: 2282: 2281: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2214: 2211: 2205: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2121: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2099: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2082:In garages (6) 2080: 2077: 2074: 2065: 2064: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2045:United Kingdom 2042: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2018: 2009: 2006: 1988: 1985: 1905: 1900: 1892:Main article: 1889: 1886: 1860: 1857: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1772: 1769: 1726: 1725:Investigations 1723: 1694: 1691: 1623: 1622:Coleraine fire 1620: 1575: 1572: 1537: 1534: 1517:Parks Victoria 1504: 1501: 1499:CFA Tanker 1. 1435: 1432: 1411:Latrobe Valley 1376:Hyland Highway 1366:, and towards 1327: 1324: 1259: 1256: 1235: 1234:Redesdale fire 1232: 1219:cigarette butt 1175: 1172: 1110:Kancoona South 1081: 1078: 995: 992: 908: 905: 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 869: 865: 864: 860: 859: 856: 852: 851: 847: 846: 837:three million 829: 828: 826: 822: 821: 814: 807: 796: 793: 789: 788: 784: 783: 776: 771:), and in the 769:Musk, Victoria 753: 749: 748: 744: 743: 739: 738: 734: 733: 730: 715: 712: 708: 707: 703: 702: 698: 697: 685: 684: 678: 672: 668: 667: 663: 662: 655: 652: 649: 646: 643: 636: 629: 626: 623: 620: 617: 606: 603: 600: 593: 582: 575: 564: 561: 554: 547: 540: 517: 514: 510: 509: 505: 504: 497: 496: 492: 491: 479: 478: 454: 451: 402: 401: 316: 314: 307: 301: 298: 264:monsoon trough 217: 214: 210:Bernard Teague 170: 169: 167: 166: 163: 158: 153: 149: 146: 142: 141: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 117: 113: 112: 108: 107: 104: 100: 99: 96: 92: 91: 87: 86: 77: 73: 72: 67: 63: 62: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10004: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9957:Arson in 2009 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9897: 9892: 9891: 9888: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9733: 9731: 9729: 9723: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9674: 9668: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9636:Linton (1998) 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9593: 9591: 9589: 9583: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9559: 9553: 9547: 9546:Pinery (2015) 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9498: 9496: 9494: 9488: 9482: 9481:Tathra (2018) 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9442:Seaham (1939) 9440: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9429: 9423: 9420: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9409: 9405: 9396: 9391: 9389: 9384: 9382: 9377: 9376: 9373: 9366: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9331: 9328: 9325: 9313: 9309: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9284: 9281:. Melbourne: 9280: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9266: 9263: 9260: 9257: 9254: 9251: 9250: 9240: 9234: 9230: 9229: 9223: 9219: 9217:9781922182920 9213: 9209: 9206:. Melbourne: 9205: 9204: 9198: 9194: 9188: 9184: 9183: 9177: 9176: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9136: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9111: 9106: 9099: 9097: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9065: 9046: 9042: 9035: 9029: 9027: 9010: 9006: 9002: 8996: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8966: 8947: 8940: 8934: 8918: 8914: 8910: 8904: 8888: 8884: 8878: 8876: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8845: 8843: 8826: 8823:. Melbourne. 8822: 8818: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8797: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8771: 8764: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8737: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8711: 8707: 8701: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8671: 8664: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8638: 8623: 8619: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8592: 8588: 8587: 8582: 8576: 8560: 8557:. Melbourne. 8556: 8552: 8548: 8541: 8525: 8521: 8520:Fairfax Media 8518:. Melbourne: 8517: 8516: 8511: 8504: 8488: 8484: 8478: 8462: 8459:. Melbourne. 8458: 8454: 8447: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8416: 8414: 8406: 8402: 8399: 8394: 8378: 8374: 8367: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8337: 8321: 8317: 8313: 8306: 8290: 8286: 8282: 8275: 8256: 8252: 8245: 8239: 8224: 8220: 8213: 8197: 8190: 8184: 8182: 8172: 8170: 8160: 8144: 8140: 8139:Fairfax Media 8137:. Melbourne: 8136: 8135: 8130: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8077: 8061: 8057: 8050: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8033: 8028: 8012: 8008: 8007:Fairfax Media 8005:. Melbourne: 8004: 8003: 7998: 7991: 7975: 7971: 7965: 7949: 7945: 7944:Fairfax Media 7941: 7940: 7935: 7929: 7913: 7909: 7903: 7887: 7883: 7877: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7852: 7847: 7840: 7824: 7820: 7814: 7808: 7804: 7801: 7795: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7764: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7734: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7703: 7687: 7683: 7679: 7673: 7657: 7653: 7652:Fairfax Media 7649: 7642: 7640: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7609: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7578: 7576: 7559: 7555: 7554:Fairfax Media 7551: 7544: 7528: 7524: 7523:Fairfax Media 7520: 7513: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7483: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7453: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7423: 7407: 7403: 7402: 7397: 7391: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7361: 7345: 7342:. Melbourne. 7341: 7337: 7330: 7328: 7311: 7308:. Melbourne. 7307: 7303: 7296: 7280: 7277:. Melbourne. 7276: 7272: 7265: 7263: 7246: 7243:. Melbourne. 7242: 7238: 7231: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7200: 7198: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7166: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7147: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7117: 7101: 7097: 7096:Fairfax Media 7093: 7086: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7056: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7026: 7010: 7006: 7005: 7000: 6994: 6978: 6974: 6973: 6968: 6962: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6932: 6916: 6912: 6906: 6890: 6886: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6823: 6819: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6790: 6787:. Melbourne. 6786: 6782: 6775: 6759: 6755: 6749: 6747: 6730: 6726: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6684: 6682: 6665: 6661: 6657: 6651: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6620: 6604: 6601:. Melbourne. 6600: 6596: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6568: 6564: 6558: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6527: 6511: 6508:. Melbourne. 6507: 6503: 6496: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6466: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6420: 6416: 6410: 6394: 6390: 6389: 6384: 6378: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6348: 6332: 6328: 6322: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6276: 6272: 6271:Fairfax Media 6269:. Melbourne: 6268: 6267: 6262: 6255: 6239: 6236:. Melbourne. 6235: 6231: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6203: 6199: 6198: 6193: 6187: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6161: 6155: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6125: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6095: 6093: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6062: 6060: 6051: 6045: 6041: 6034: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5963: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5908: 5904: 5898: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5867: 5865: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5833: 5817: 5814:. Melbourne. 5813: 5809: 5802: 5786: 5782: 5776: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5746: 5730: 5726: 5720: 5704: 5700: 5694: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5617: 5613: 5606: 5590: 5587:. Melbourne. 5586: 5585: 5580: 5573: 5557: 5554:. Melbourne. 5553: 5549: 5542: 5526: 5522: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5480: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5412: 5409:. 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Ireland. 3329:Irish Times 3129:John Brumby 3095:Fire policy 2621:Beechworth 2610:247 houses 2535:Fatalities 2394:and two at 2343:Bendigo (1) 2263:Cambarville 2061:Cambarville 2039:New Zealand 2027:Philippines 1914:Hills Hoist 1828:ahead of a 1711:Warrnambool 1679:John Brumby 1656: / 1558:Healesville 1525:Sandy Point 1301:backburning 1273:Labertouche 1148:Kiewa River 1020:Yarra River 900:Murrindindi 873:Major fires 763:, south of 719:O'Shannassy 574:fire tower. 470:New Zealand 289:John Brumby 152:Power lines 95:Burned area 9911:Categories 9267:on YouTube 9261:on YouTube 9054:23 October 8790:6 February 8757:6 February 8727:settlement 8716:6 February 8690:6 February 8657:6 February 8356:1 February 7723:9 February 7692:9 February 7502:9 February 7472:9 February 7432:ABC Online 7401:Herald Sun 7136:9 February 7106:8 February 7075:9 February 7045:8 February 6951:8 February 6795:9 February 6764:7 February 6735:8 February 6704:9 February 6694:Herald Sun 6425:8 February 6399:8 February 6367:9 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