66:
429:
796:
55:
38:
219:
822:. This view was sufficiently ingrained in popular culture that in 1993, following a successful low-altitude test flight of a prototype rocket, a writer opined: "The DC-X launched vertically, hovered in mid-air ... The spacecraft stopped mid-air again and, as the engines throttled back, began its successful vertical landing. Just like
854:
developing the equations for VTVL in the 1980s, only to have them rejected by NASA for lack of the technical capability to implement it at that time. Sheldon concludes that he is ahead of his time. A flashforward to 2016 shows the successful SpaceX CRS-8 mission, followed by SpaceX founder Elon Musk
616:
revealed details about the ADMIRE test vehicle for which a test and landing site was being developed. The vehicle will have supersonic retro propulsion, special retractable landing legs which will act as steerable grid fins & will be guided by integrated navigation system that will have a laser
1620:
The April 17 F9R Dev 1 flight, which lasted under 1 min., was the first vertical landing test of a production-representative recoverable Falcon 9 v1.1 first stage, while the April 18 cargo flight to the ISS was the first opportunity for SpaceX to evaluate the design of foldable landing legs and
1524:
WATCH: Grasshopper flies to its highest height to date – 744 m (2441 ft) into the Texas sky. http://youtu.be/9ZDkItO-0a4 This was the last scheduled test for the
Grasshopper rig; next up will be low altitude tests of the Falcon 9 Reusable (F9R) development vehicle in Texas followed by high
2145:
The DC-X launched vertically, hovered in mid-air at 150 feet, and began to move sideways at a dogtrot. After traveling 350 feet, the onboard global-positioning satellite unit indicated that the DC-X was directly over its landing point. The spacecraft stopped mid-air again and, as the engines
1084:
464:. The test vehicle made eight successful test flights in 2012–2013. Grasshopper v1.0 made its eighth, and final, test flight on October 7, 2013, flying to an altitude of 744 metres (2,441 ft) (0.46 miles) before making its eighth successful VTVL landing.
1377:
289:
successfully launched the
Hoveroc rocket on 2 May 1981 in a test at Port Wakefield, South Australia. It was capable of "a controlled flight path within a horizontal plane and terminating, if needed, in a controlled
704:'s Kuaizhou reusable technology test rocket completed its inaugural vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) test, hovering for nine seconds before touching down at the launch pad. The entire flight lasted 22 seconds.
717:
landings—the vertical landing, or "VL," addition to the standard vertical takeoff (VT) technology of the early decades of human spaceflight—has several parts. First, the thrust is normally required to be
308:
that flew several test flights in the 1990s. Its first successful flight was in 1993. In June 1996, the vehicle set an altitude record of 3,140 metres (10,300 ft), before making a vertical landing.
1546:
1821:
2084:
1791:
1385:
2211:
Only four entities have launched a space capsule into orbit and successfully brought it back: the United States, Russia, China, and Elon Musk. This Buck Rogers dream started years ago...
1462:
SpaceX has constructed a half-acre concrete launch facility in McGregor, and the
Grasshopper rocket is already standing on the pad, outfitted with four insect-like silver landing legs.
1765:
1120:
RKK Energia, ... in the 1980s ... worked on a highly classified project to develop a large crewed capsule, called Zarya ("Dawn"), for a wide range of civilian and military missions.
1052:
1922:
314:
successfully tested a vertical landing system for their Roton design, based on a rocket tipped helicopter system in 1999, but were unable to raise funds to build a full vehicle.
116:
1540:"Draft Environmental Assessment for Issuing an Experimental Permit to SpaceX for Operation of the Dragon Fly Vehicle at the McGregor Test Site, Texas, May 2014 – Appendices"
111:. By the '90s, development on large reliable restartable rocket engines made it possible to use the already matured technology for rocket stages. The first pioneer was the
1273:
733:
The vehicle must be capable of calculating its position and altitude; small deviations from the vertical can cause large deviations in the vehicle’s horizontal position.
677:'s Nebula M1, equipped with the Leiting-20 kerolox engine, successfully conducted VTVL flight tests at ten-meter, hundred-meter, and one-kilometer altitudes respectively.
418:
is a 2010s NASA project developing a vertical test bed that demonstrates new green propellant propulsion systems and autonomous landing and hazard detection technology.
686:’s Hyperbola-2Y, powered by a restartable methalox engine, completed vertical launch and recovery twice, with flight heights of 178 meters and 343 meters respectively.
2262:
174:(RTLS) operations, with Blue Origin's New Shepard booster rocket making the first successful vertical landing on November 23, 2015, following a flight that reached
1398:
Both of the rocket's stages would return to the launch site and touch down vertically, under rocket power, on landing gear after delivering a spacecraft to orbit.
2361:
1311:
New
Shepard which was made by the "Blue Origin"(founded by Jeff Bezos): Type: VTVL/Unpiloted ... Super Mod: Type: VTVL/Unpiloted ... Xaero: Type: VTVL/Unpiloted
2108:
1636:
1539:
1813:
2076:
2026:
101:
1607:
2281:
17:
1787:
1420:
1889:
461:
438:
167:
1961:
2167:
1987:
1856:
934:
2304:
1600:"SpaceX Plans For Multiple Reusable Booster Tests: Controlled water landing marks a major stride toward SpaceX's Falcon rapid-reusability goal"
1355:
115:
demonstrator. After the success of the DC-X prototype, the concept was developed substantially with small rockets after 2000, in part due to
1761:
818:
authors as well as depictions in popular culture showed rockets landing vertically, typically resting after landing on the space vehicle's
524:. F9R Dev1 made its first test flight in April 2014, to an altitude of 250 meters (820 ft) before making a nominal vertical landing.
2645:
2354:
1177:
1033:
618:
328:, a jet engine propelled test vehicle, verified the autonomous guidance and control technologies later used in Blue Origins VTVL rockets.
1912:
182:
marking the first landing of a commercial orbital booster roughly a month later, on
December 22, 2015. All but one launch of the SpaceX
1079:, Deans, Arnold L.; Smith, Alan J. & Crozier, Malcolm J., "Rocket vehicle", published 1986-01-07, assigned to
783:, all other things being equal. The main benefit of the technology is seen in the potential for substantial reductions in space flight
1510:
1578:
985:
197:
VTVL rockets are not to be confused with aircraft that take off and land vertically and use air for support and propulsion, such as
1107:
649:. SN5, SN6, and SN15 made successful VTVL launch and landings while SN8, SN9, SN10, and SN11 were destroyed due to landing failure.
191:
1449:
913:
1298:
695:’s Zhuque-3 VTVL-1 test made its first successful vertical landing following a suborbital hop test powered by a methalox engine.
2666:
2347:
2225:
1265:
2334:
550:
first stage made the first successful vertical landing of an orbital-class booster after boosting 11 commercial satellites to
186:
have included VTVL attempts for the two side boosters on each rocket. SpaceX is also developing a fully reusable rocket named
2132:
1214:
1196:
1475:
286:
660:
rocket made its first successful vertical landing following a crewed suborbital flight. Four passengers were on board the
2615:
2048:
1329:
2328:
847:
1046:
335:, a subscale demonstrator for the later New Shephard suborbital vehicle, made 3 successful flights before retirement.
2105:
1154:
1633:
1007:
562:
602:
successfully tested its reusable experimental orbital rocket with a vertical takeoff and vertical landing (VTVL)
1244:
635:
2010:
2196:
1599:
1080:
1412:
1879:
646:
432:
A Falcon 9 first stage landing on 21 December 2015 after boosting commercial satellites to low Earth orbit
1945:
1741:
833:
have likewise seen the appellation to this popular culture notion of Buck Rogers in a "Quest to Create a
779:
and their deployment mechanisms will usually reduce the performance of a soft landing system compared to
776:
742:
570:
517:
2159:
1983:
190:. Starship became the first launch vehicle to demonstrate the technology with both of its stages on its
752:
It can also be necessary to be able to ignite engines in a variety of conditions potentially including
723:
535:
booster rocket made the first successful vertical landing following an uncrewed suborbital test flight
381:
1846:
1076:
2537:
2300:
683:
956:
1351:
780:
606:
154:
demonstrated vertical landing on a Falcon 9 prototype after climbing 744 meters in the air. Later,
2243:
138:
did a series of successful tests, first with the jet powered Charon demonstrator, later using the
1294:
734:
657:
577:
532:
521:
490:
395:
2392:
2387:
830:
811:
727:
605:
On
February 6, 2018, SpaceX successfully landed two of their first stage boosters during their
424:
was an early 2010s
Robotic Prototype Lander that was being developed by NASA as of August 2012.
355:
301:
127:
120:
112:
1174:
363:
2671:
2468:
171:
96:. Building on the decades of development, SpaceX utilised the VTVL concept for its flagship
65:
2635:
1715:
1684:
1661:
453:
399:
343:
143:
2263:"Ahead of His Saturday Night Live Appearance: Elon Musk's Acting Cameos Through the Years"
1502:
1441:
8:
2620:
2460:
2450:
2371:
1884:
1572:
977:
674:
498:
494:
472:
460:
test vehicle developed to validate low-altitude, low-velocity engineering aspects of its
406:
339:
332:
293:
The Soviet Union did some development work on a vertically landing crewed capsule called
279:
147:
139:
89:
85:
44:
2600:
1719:
1099:
737:
systems are usually required to keep the vehicle at the correct angle. SpaceX also uses
391:
reusable launch vehicle (sRLV) solicitation under NASA's Flight
Operations Program: the
30:
This article is about rockets. For aircraft capable of vertical takeoff and landing see
2445:
2412:
1733:
880:
639:
555:
468:
457:
409:
294:
179:
1762:"Chinese space company Linkspace takes step towards reusable rocket with landing test"
905:
88:
for rockets. Multiple VTVL craft have flown. The most successful VTVL vehicle was the
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2430:
2422:
2018:
1953:
1737:
1042:
928:
769:
661:
421:
377:
131:
512:
was approximately 50 feet longer than
Grasshopper, and was built on their full-size
2397:
1723:
1378:"Elon Musk says SpaceX will attempt to develop fully reusable space launch vehicle"
536:
415:
351:
266:
2128:
1658:"The Falcon 9 first stage landing is confirmed. Second stage continuing nominally"
126:
Starting in the mid-2000s, VTVL was under intense development as a technology for
2435:
2112:
1851:
1680:
1657:
1640:
1218:
1200:
1181:
815:
719:
714:
631:
594:
Cooperative Action
Leading to Launcher Innovation in Stage Toss-back Operations).
551:
486:
347:
187:
27:
Method of takeoff and landing used by rockets; vertical takeoff, vertical landing
1479:
1193:
325:
2605:
2339:
1946:"SpaceX Successfully Lands Prototype of Mars and Moon Rocket After Test Flight"
851:
642:
in July and August 2019 with flights up to ~150 m (490 ft) were made.
561:
On April 8, 2016, SpaceX's Falcon 9 made the first successful landing on their
402:
359:
305:
108:
240:
2660:
2640:
2575:
2402:
2146:
throttled back, began its successful vertical landing. Just like Buck Rogers.
2022:
1957:
1266:"SpaceX skipping Red Dragon for "vastly bigger ships" on Mars, Musk confirms"
875:
864:
842:
513:
482:
479:
311:
282:
was a 1960s two-stage VTVL vehicle for landing and taking off from the Moon.
150:, and others. In 2013, after the failure of stage recovery with parachutes,
2625:
2610:
2407:
2192:
1325:
795:
787:
as a result of being able to reuse rockets after successful VTVL landings.
566:
244:
183:
1011:
428:
1917:
1728:
1146:
1041:. Canberra: Defence Science and Technology Organisation. pp. 40–41.
869:
823:
653:
528:
502:
392:
318:
273:
198:
175:
159:
155:
135:
2226:"The Young Sheldon Episode You Likely Forgot Starred Elon Musk - Looper"
1538:
James, Michael; Salton, Alexandria; Downing, Micah (November 12, 2013).
1352:"NASA's 'Mighty Eagle' Robotic Prototype Lander Flies Again at Marshall"
350:
and Unreasonable Rocket's Blue Ball flying VTVL rockets competed in the
2630:
885:
807:
761:
757:
665:
626:
388:
387:
In 2010, three VTVL craft were proffered to NASA in response to NASA's
367:
2160:"SpaceX Continues its Quest to Create a "Buck Rogers" Reusable Rocket"
437:
SpaceX announced in September 2011 that they would attempt to develop
54:
2188:
2053:
2011:"SpaceX Mars Rocket Prototype Explodes, but This Time It Lands First"
1788:"SpaceX launches its powerful Falcon Heavy rocket for the first time"
1621:
upgraded thrusters that control the stage during its initial descent.
855:
looking over Sheldon's old notebook then hiding it in a desk drawer.
765:
692:
624:
Low-altitude VTVL testing of the large 9-meter (30 ft)-diameter
599:
446:
233:
41:
2244:"Young Sheldon: 5 Of Sheldon's Best Episodes (& 5 Of His Worst)"
1240:
1984:"SpaceX Starship leaps towards Mars with picture-perfect hop debut"
746:
738:
589:
547:
509:
442:
229:
97:
70:
2077:"Musk: SpaceX Now Has "All the Pieces" For Truly Reusable Rockets"
376:
announced plans in 2010 to install deployable landing gear on the
2567:
2473:
2379:
1704:"CALLISTO: a Demonstrator for Reusable Launcher Key Technologies"
1688:
1665:
810:
was the predominant mode of rocket landing envisioned in the pre-
1134:
Lost in Space: The Fall of NASA and the Dream of a New Space Age
2518:
2503:
2049:"Blue Origin launches Bezos on first crewed New Shepard flight"
827:
753:
701:
543:
501:. The DragonFly prototype was used for low-altitude propulsive
476:
373:
163:
151:
1814:"Isro focuses on vertical landing capability – Times of India"
1703:
2527:
2513:
2483:
1413:"SpaceX Unveils Plan for World's First Fully Reusable Rocket"
58:
37:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2532:
2523:
2508:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2478:
2440:
1913:"Elon Musk shows off SpaceX's massive Starship test rocket"
784:
613:
585:
581:
202:
93:
31:
2282:"How 'Young Sheldon' solved the problem of reusing rocket"
1442:"Reusable rocket prototype almost ready for first liftoff"
978:"Most Comprehensive Website on Rocket Belts and Jet Belts"
588:
are developing a reusable VTVL rocket demonstrator called
384:
to perform a land-based landing. It was cancelled in 2017.
2201:(video and transcript). CBS. Event occurs at 03:50–04:10
1500:
The Grasshopper prototype test vehicle has been retired.
948:
819:
107:
VTVL technologies were first seriously developed for the
1701:
505:
in 2014 and 2015. Development was abandoned by mid-2017.
142:
demonstrator. Small VTVL rockets were also developed by
1880:"Starhopper successfully conducts debut Boca Chica Hop"
1545:. Blue Ridge Research and Consulting, LCC. p. 12.
170:), both demonstrated recovery of launch vehicles after
475:
test article for a propulsively-landed version of the
321:
VTVL Suborbital Reusable Launch Vehicle was announced.
1702:Dumont, E; Ishimoto, S; Tatiossian, P (June 2019),
2131:. New Mexico Museum of Space History. 2013-02-12.
1847:"SpaceX's Starhopper completes 150 meter test hop"
1646:, November 24, 2015. Retrieved: November 24, 2015.
1537:
2118:, August 20, 2015. Retrieved: November 24, 2015.
1503:"Grasshopper flies to its highest height to date"
1075:
906:"SpaceX's Grasshopper: Reusable Rocket Prototype"
2658:
2369:
1574:Elon Musk, ISS R&D Conference, July 19, 2017
1287:
1215:"2009 Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander X CHALLENGE"
713:The technology required to successfully achieve
2198:Tesla and SpaceX: Elon Musk's industrial empire
1975:
799:Vertical landing rocket depicted in 1951 comic
73:first stage performing a vertical landing, 2016
1944:Chang, Kenneth; Roston, Michael (2021-05-05).
1840:
1838:
1212:
708:
2355:
358:. Follow-on VTVL designs including Masten's
304:was a 1/3 scale uncrewed prototype SSTO VTVL
2335:Development of VTVL rockets around the world
2181:
2121:
1494:
1476:"Grasshopper Completes Highest Leap to Date"
1344:
1317:
775:The additional weight of fuel, larger tank,
598:January 2018: Chinese private space company
366:were aimed at higher-speed flight to higher
2279:
1943:
1871:
1835:
1634:"Blue Origin make historic rocket landing."
1570:
1478:. SpaceX.com. 10 March 2013. Archived from
1434:
1404:
1010:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
933:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
682:On November 2, 2023 and December 10, 2023,
485:. It was intended to use the technology on
2362:
2348:
2329:List of VTVL rocket concepts from the past
2292:
2260:
2129:"Restoration Center Open House Highlights"
2068:
1904:
1591:
1370:
1233:
1206:
1091:
730:of more than 1 is not strictly necessary.
673:In July 2021, October 2021, and May 2022,
1877:
1727:
1531:
1126:
999:
903:
645:In August 2020, SpaceX began testing its
522:thrusters to control the booster attitude
269:, personal VTVL rocket belt demonstrated.
2298:
2075:Belfiore, Michael (September 30, 2013).
2074:
1695:
794:
607:demonstration flight of the Falcon Heavy
489:, their second generation crew-carrying
462:large-vehicle reusable rocket technology
427:
92:which delivered the first humans to the
64:
53:
36:
1552:from the original on September 24, 2015
1358:from the original on September 16, 2012
1031:
14:
2659:
2280:Whittington, Mark (December 1, 2017).
2223:
1910:
1844:
1678:
1655:
1597:
1136:, page 104. Secker & Warburg, 2004
100:first stage, which has delivered over
2343:
2087:from the original on October 12, 2013
2046:
2008:
1981:
1794:from the original on February 9, 2018
1785:
510:Falcon 9 Reusable Development Vehicle
276:of Douglas Aircraft Co. in the 1960s.
272:VTVL rocket concepts were studied by
1925:from the original on 12 January 2019
1859:from the original on 2 December 2019
1513:from the original on 17 January 2016
1410:
1332:from the original on August 29, 2012
1241:"Dragon Drop Test – August 20, 2010"
1217:. X Prize Foundation. Archived from
904:February 2016, Elizabeth Howell 06.
287:Defence Science and Technology Group
212:
104:successful powered landings so far.
1100:"Russia mulls rocket power 'first'"
1097:
24:
2616:Shipborne rolling vertical landing
2261:Wurzburger, Andrea (May 8, 2021).
1990:from the original on 5 August 2020
1878:Burghardt, Thomas (25 July 2019).
1845:Baylor, Michael (27 August 2019).
790:
78:Vertical takeoff, vertical landing
25:
18:Vertical takeoff, vertical landing
2683:
2321:
1892:from the original on 26 July 2019
1786:Grush, Loren (February 6, 2018).
1323:
982:rocketbelts.americanrocketman.com
516:booster tank, with flight-design
1911:Murphy, Mike (10 January 2019).
1507:Social media information release
1005:
630:, an early test article for the
217:
2307:from the original on 2012-11-26
2273:
2254:
2236:
2224:Dayani, Aahil (April 1, 2022).
2217:
2170:from the original on 2014-03-24
2152:
2135:from the original on 2014-03-24
2099:
2040:
2029:from the original on 2021-06-05
2002:
1964:from the original on 2021-05-05
1937:
1824:from the original on 2018-12-28
1806:
1779:
1768:from the original on 2018-02-09
1754:
1744:from the original on 2020-10-30
1672:
1649:
1627:
1610:from the original on 2014-04-26
1581:from the original on 2021-08-13
1564:
1525:altitude testing in New Mexico.
1468:
1452:from the original on 2013-05-21
1423:from the original on 2011-10-10
1301:from the original on 2021-02-20
1276:from the original on 2021-05-26
1258:
1247:from the original on 2013-07-27
1187:
1175:Blue Origin Charon Test Vehicle
1168:
1157:from the original on 2021-05-26
1110:from the original on 2011-04-24
1058:from the original on 2021-02-25
988:from the original on 2019-02-02
959:from the original on 2011-03-07
916:from the original on 2021-01-16
848:A Patch, a Modem, and a Zantac®
563:Autonomous spaceport drone ship
1681:"Landing from the chase plane"
1147:"Cosmic Log: June 11-17, 2005"
1139:
1069:
1025:
970:
941:
897:
636:SpaceX South Texas Launch Site
569:cargo resupply mission to the
456:rocket was a VTVL first-stage
232:format but may read better as
13:
1:
2667:Types of take-off and landing
2009:Chang, Kenneth (2021-03-03).
1982:Ralph, Eric (4 August 2020).
1081:The Commonwealth of Australia
891:
471:was a prototype low-altitude
2299:Anderson, Erik (July 1997).
2047:Foust, Jeff (20 July 2021).
1656:@SpaceX (22 December 2015).
1384:. 2011-09-29. Archived from
745:during the landing of their
722:and requires some degree of
439:powered descent and recovery
117:incentive prize competitions
7:
2301:"Kankoh-maru Flight Manual"
2106:"Reusable rockets cheaper."
1509:. SpaceX. 12 October 2013.
1098:Zak, Anatoly (2009-04-29).
858:
709:Vertical landing technology
571:International Space Station
10:
2688:
1598:Norris, Guy (2014-04-28).
1571:WordsmithFL (2017-07-19),
1243:. Spacex.com. 2010-08-20.
208:
50:on the lunar surface, 1972
29:
2646:Floating landing platform
2566:
2538:Launch and recovery cycle
2459:
2421:
2378:
1411:Wall, Mike (2011-09-30).
1295:"sRLV platforms compared"
1035:Nulka: A compelling story
497:from space, as well as a
342:'s Scorpius / Super Mod,
172:return to the launch site
1708:32nd ISTS, Fukui, Japan.
1679:SpaceX (8 April 2016).
201:and jump jets which are
241:converting this section
2641:Water landing/ditching
2393:Non-rocket spacelaunch
2388:Balanced field takeoff
803:
728:thrust-to-weight ratio
542:On December 21, 2015,
527:On November 23, 2015,
491:reusable space capsule
433:
380:and use the vehicle's
356:Lunar Lander Challenge
302:McDonnell Douglas DC-X
121:Lunar Lander Challenge
113:McDonnell Douglas DC-X
74:
62:
51:
2469:Brodie landing system
1203:, Gunter's Space Page
1032:Crozier, Mal (2013).
798:
700:On January 26, 2024,
691:On January 19, 2024,
520:and gaseous nitrogen
431:
68:
57:
40:
2636:Touch-and-go landing
1729:10.2322/tastj.19.106
1297:. NASA. 2011-03-07.
1213:X Prize Foundation.
806:Vertical landing of
493:, for landing after
344:Masten Space Systems
144:Masten Space Systems
134:. From 2005 to 2007
2621:Short-field landing
2461:Takeoff and landing
2372:takeoff and landing
1885:NASASpaceFlight.com
1720:2021JSAST..19..106D
1221:on October 29, 2012
781:expendable vehicles
675:Deep Blue Aerospace
647:Starship prototypes
499:launch abort system
340:Armadillo Aerospace
333:Blue Origin Goddard
280:Apollo Lunar Module
148:Armadillo Aerospace
90:Apollo Lunar Module
86:takeoff and landing
2413:Zero-length launch
2327:Astronautix.com –
2250:. August 18, 2021.
2111:2015-11-25 at the
2015:The New York Times
1950:The New York Times
1818:The Times of India
1639:2015-11-25 at the
1326:"Project Morpheus"
1199:2021-05-15 at the
1184:, Museum of Flight
1180:2020-11-11 at the
881:Falcon 9 flight 20
837:Reusable Rocket."
804:
652:On July 20, 2021,
640:Brownsville, Texas
634:, occurred at the
556:Falcon 9 Flight 20
537:that reached space
434:
338:During 2006–2009,
326:Blue Origin Charon
317:On June 13, 2005,
297:in the late 1980s.
243:, if appropriate.
192:fourth test flight
180:Falcon 9 flight 20
75:
63:
52:
2654:
2653:
2596:Emergency landing
2591:Deadstick landing
2586:Crosswind landing
2581:Corkscrew landing
2423:Assisted take-off
2333:Hobbyspace.com –
2164:21st Century Tech
2081:Popular Mechanics
826:." In the 2010s,
378:Dragon spacecraft
262:
261:
16:(Redirected from
2679:
2398:Rejected takeoff
2364:
2357:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2303:. Space Future.
2296:
2290:
2289:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2206:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2125:
2119:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1731:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1653:
1647:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1482:on 29 April 2013
1472:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1457:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1393:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1210:
1204:
1191:
1185:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1143:
1137:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1115:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1040:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
993:
974:
968:
967:
965:
964:
945:
939:
938:
932:
924:
922:
921:
901:
743:attitude control
617:altimeter and a
449:capsule as well.
362:and Armadillo's
352:Northrop Grumman
267:Bell Rocket Belt
257:
254:
248:
239:You can help by
221:
220:
213:
132:transport people
130:large enough to
128:reusable rockets
21:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2562:
2455:
2436:Ground carriage
2417:
2374:
2368:
2324:
2319:
2310:
2308:
2297:
2293:
2278:
2274:
2259:
2255:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2222:
2218:
2204:
2202:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2173:
2171:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2138:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2113:Wayback Machine
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1852:NASASpaceFlight
1843:
1836:
1827:
1825:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1795:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1745:
1700:
1696:
1677:
1673:
1654:
1650:
1641:Wayback Machine
1632:
1628:
1613:
1611:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1582:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1536:
1532:
1516:
1514:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1455:
1453:
1446:Spaceflight Now
1440:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1424:
1409:
1405:
1391:
1389:
1382:Washington Post
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1322:
1318:
1304:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1279:
1277:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1211:
1207:
1201:Wayback Machine
1192:
1188:
1182:Wayback Machine
1173:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1131:
1127:
1113:
1111:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1015:
1004:
1000:
991:
989:
976:
975:
971:
962:
960:
947:
946:
942:
926:
925:
919:
917:
902:
898:
894:
861:
816:science fiction
793:
791:Popular culture
715:retropropulsive
711:
632:SpaceX Starship
565:as part of the
552:low Earth orbit
508:2014: SpaceX's
452:2012: SpaceX's
445:stages, with a
258:
252:
249:
238:
222:
218:
211:
178:, and SpaceX's
84:) is a form of
61:landing in 1996
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2685:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2606:Forced landing
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2323:
2322:External links
2320:
2318:
2317:
2291:
2272:
2253:
2235:
2216:
2195:(2014-03-30).
2180:
2166:. 2013-03-15.
2151:
2120:
2098:
2067:
2039:
2001:
1974:
1936:
1903:
1870:
1834:
1805:
1778:
1753:
1694:
1687:) – via
1671:
1664:) – via
1648:
1626:
1590:
1563:
1530:
1493:
1467:
1448:. 2012-07-09.
1433:
1403:
1369:
1343:
1316:
1286:
1257:
1232:
1205:
1186:
1167:
1138:
1132:Klerkx, Greg:
1125:
1090:
1068:
1047:
1024:
998:
969:
940:
895:
893:
890:
889:
888:
883:
878:
873:
867:
860:
857:
852:Sheldon Cooper
792:
789:
710:
707:
706:
705:
697:
696:
688:
687:
679:
678:
670:
669:
650:
643:
622:
610:
603:
596:
574:
559:
540:
525:
506:
503:flight testing
473:rocket-powered
465:
450:
426:
425:
419:
413:
385:
371:
336:
329:
322:
315:
309:
306:launch vehicle
298:
291:
283:
277:
270:
260:
259:
225:
223:
216:
210:
207:
109:Apollo program
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2684:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:Flexible deck
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:Belly landing
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:Rocket launch
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2286:Blasting News
2283:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2212:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2148:
2147:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1907:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1839:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1793:
1790:. The Verge.
1789:
1782:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1623:
1622:
1609:
1605:
1604:Aviation Week
1601:
1594:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1526:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1464:
1463:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1388:on 2011-10-01
1387:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1135:
1129:
1122:
1121:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1054:
1050:
1048:9780987544704
1044:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1014:on 2011-10-10
1013:
1009:
1002:
987:
983:
979:
973:
958:
954:
950:
944:
936:
930:
915:
911:
907:
900:
896:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
876:Chrysler SERV
874:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
856:
853:
849:
845:
844:
843:Young Sheldon
838:
836:
835:'Buck Rogers'
832:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
802:
801:Rocket Ship X
797:
788:
786:
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
726:. However, a
725:
721:
716:
703:
699:
698:
694:
690:
689:
685:
681:
680:
676:
672:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
648:
644:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:
623:
620:
615:
611:
608:
604:
601:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
572:
568:
564:
560:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
519:
515:
514:Falcon 9 v1.1
511:
507:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:space capsule
481:
478:
474:
470:
466:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:
430:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
404:
401:
397:
394:
390:
386:
383:
379:
375:
372:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
330:
327:
323:
320:
316:
313:
312:Rotary Rocket
310:
307:
303:
299:
296:
292:
288:
284:
281:
278:
275:
271:
268:
264:
263:
256:
247:is available.
246:
242:
236:
235:
231:
226:This section
224:
215:
214:
206:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
102:three hundred
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
72:
67:
60:
56:
49:
48:
43:
39:
33:
19:
2672:VTVL rockets
2626:Soft landing
2611:Hard landing
2542:
2408:Space launch
2309:. Retrieved
2294:
2285:
2275:
2266:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2203:. Retrieved
2197:
2193:Scott Pelley
2183:
2172:. Retrieved
2163:
2154:
2144:
2143:
2137:. Retrieved
2123:
2115:
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2080:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2052:
2042:
2031:. Retrieved
2014:
2004:
1992:. Retrieved
1977:
1966:. Retrieved
1949:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1916:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1883:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1850:
1826:. Retrieved
1817:
1808:
1796:. Retrieved
1781:
1770:. Retrieved
1756:
1746:, retrieved
1711:
1707:
1697:
1674:
1651:
1643:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1612:. Retrieved
1603:
1593:
1583:, retrieved
1573:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1533:
1523:
1522:
1515:. Retrieved
1506:
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
1480:the original
1470:
1461:
1460:
1454:. Retrieved
1445:
1436:
1425:. Retrieved
1416:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1390:. Retrieved
1386:the original
1381:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1346:
1334:. Retrieved
1324:Bibby, Joe.
1319:
1310:
1309:
1303:. Retrieved
1289:
1278:. Retrieved
1269:
1260:
1249:. Retrieved
1235:
1223:. Retrieved
1219:the original
1208:
1189:
1170:
1159:. Retrieved
1150:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1112:. Retrieved
1103:
1093:
1071:
1060:. Retrieved
1034:
1027:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:the original
1006:Wade, Mark.
1001:
990:. Retrieved
981:
972:
961:. Retrieved
952:
943:
918:. Retrieved
909:
899:
841:
839:
834:
805:
800:
777:landing legs
774:
751:
732:
712:
664:, including
625:
593:
576:Since 2017,
567:SpaceX CRS-8
518:landing legs
467:2013–2017:
422:Mighty Eagle
331:2006, 2007:
285:Australia's
253:January 2023
250:
245:Editing help
227:
196:
184:Falcon Heavy
125:
106:
81:
77:
76:
46:
2446:Rocket sled
2116:ZME Science
2091:October 17,
1918:MarketWatch
1798:February 9,
1644:Blue Origin
870:Kankoh-maru
850:" features
824:Buck Rogers
814:era. Many
812:spaceflight
658:New Shepard
654:Blue Origin
533:New Shepard
529:Blue Origin
454:Grasshopper
447:VTVL Dragon
396:New Shepard
393:Blue Origin
319:Blue Origin
274:Philip Bono
199:helicopters
176:outer space
160:New Shepard
156:Blue Origin
136:Blue Origin
2661:Categories
2631:Splashdown
2311:2012-08-04
2267:PEOPLE.com
2248:ScreenRant
2230:Looper.com
2205:2014-03-31
2174:2014-03-24
2139:2014-03-24
2033:2021-03-04
1968:2021-05-06
1929:12 January
1828:2018-12-28
1772:2018-02-08
1748:2020-10-27
1714:(1): 106,
1614:2014-04-26
1585:2018-08-02
1517:14 October
1456:2012-07-13
1427:2011-10-11
1392:2011-10-11
1362:August 14,
1336:October 1,
1305:2011-03-10
1280:2021-05-26
1251:2010-12-14
1225:October 1,
1161:2021-05-26
1114:2011-10-11
1077:US 4562980
1062:2021-03-19
1018:2011-10-04
992:2021-05-26
963:2021-05-26
920:2021-01-18
892:References
886:Sea Launch
846:episode, "
808:spaceships
762:supersonic
758:hypersonic
749:boosters.
724:throttling
666:Jeff Bezos
627:Starhopper
405:, and the
389:suborbital
370:altitudes.
368:suborbital
205:aircraft.
2370:Types of
2189:Elon Musk
2054:SpaceNews
2023:0362-4331
1958:0362-4331
1863:27 August
1738:209770790
1417:SPACE.com
1270:Teslarati
910:Space.com
766:transonic
739:grid fins
693:LandSpace
621:receiver.
600:LinkSpace
495:returning
469:DragonFly
410:Super Mod
407:Armadillo
382:thrusters
290:descent."
119:like the
42:Apollo 16
2451:Ski-jump
2431:Catapult
2305:Archived
2168:Archived
2133:Archived
2109:Archived
2085:Archived
2027:Archived
1994:4 August
1988:Archived
1962:Archived
1923:Archived
1890:Archived
1857:Archived
1822:Archived
1792:Archived
1766:Archived
1742:archived
1637:Archived
1608:Archived
1579:archived
1547:Archived
1511:Archived
1486:11 March
1450:Archived
1421:Archived
1356:Archived
1354:. NASA.
1330:Archived
1328:. NASA.
1299:Archived
1274:Archived
1245:Archived
1197:Archived
1178:Archived
1155:Archived
1151:NBC News
1108:Archived
1104:BBC News
1053:Archived
986:Archived
957:Archived
949:"SpaceX"
929:cite web
914:Archived
859:See also
770:subsonic
747:Falcon 9
720:vectored
590:CALLISTO
548:Falcon 9
546:'s 20th
487:Dragon 2
443:Falcon 9
441:of both
416:Morpheus
188:Starship
168:Falcon 9
98:Falcon 9
71:Falcon 9
2568:Landing
2474:CATOBAR
2380:Takeoff
1896:26 July
1716:Bibcode
1689:Twitter
1666:Twitter
1556:June 9,
1194:Goddard
831:rockets
684:i-Space
458:booster
354:/ NASA
209:History
140:Goddard
2519:V/STOL
2504:STOBAR
2060:20 Jul
2021:
1956:
1736:
1086:
1045:
1008:"OOST"
953:SpaceX
872:– VTVL
865:CORONA
828:SpaceX
768:, and
754:vacuum
702:ExPace
612:2018:
544:SpaceX
480:Dragon
477:SpaceX
400:Masten
398:, the
374:SpaceX
348:Xombie
324:2005:
228:is in
164:SpaceX
162:) and
152:SpaceX
2528:VTOHL
2514:STOVL
2484:eVTOL
1734:S2CID
1685:Tweet
1662:Tweet
1550:(PDF)
1543:(PDF)
1056:(PDF)
1039:(PDF)
785:costs
662:NS-16
638:near
619:NavIC
403:Xaero
360:Xaero
295:Zarya
265:1961
234:prose
59:DC-XA
47:Orion
2558:HTVL
2553:HTHL
2548:VTHL
2543:VTVL
2533:VTOL
2524:VTHL
2509:STOL
2499:RTOL
2494:QTOL
2489:PTOL
2479:CTOL
2441:JATO
2093:2013
2062:2021
2019:ISSN
1996:2020
1954:ISSN
1931:2019
1898:2019
1865:2019
1800:2018
1558:2014
1519:2013
1488:2013
1364:2012
1338:2012
1227:2012
1043:ISBN
935:link
840:The
820:fins
741:for
614:ISRO
586:JAXA
584:and
582:CNES
364:Stig
300:The
230:list
203:VTOL
94:Moon
82:VTVL
32:VTOL
1724:doi
735:RCS
656:'s
578:DLR
554:on
531:'s
123:.
45:LM
2663::
2284:.
2265:.
2246:.
2228:.
2208:.
2191:,
2162:.
2142:.
2083:.
2079:.
2051:.
2025:.
2017:.
2013:.
1986:.
1960:.
1952:.
1948:.
1921:.
1915:.
1888:.
1882:.
1855:.
1849:.
1837:^
1820:.
1816:.
1764:.
1740:,
1732:,
1722:,
1712:19
1710:,
1706:,
1617:.
1606:.
1602:.
1577:,
1521:.
1505:.
1459:.
1444:.
1419:.
1415:.
1395:.
1380:.
1308:.
1272:.
1268:.
1153:.
1149:.
1117:.
1106:.
1102:.
1051:.
984:.
980:.
955:.
951:.
931:}}
927:{{
912:.
908:.
772:.
764:,
760:,
756:,
580:,
346:'
194:.
146:,
69:A
2526:/
2363:e
2356:t
2349:v
2314:.
2288:.
2269:.
2232:.
2177:.
2095:.
2064:.
2036:.
1998:.
1971:.
1933:.
1900:.
1867:.
1831:.
1802:.
1775:.
1726::
1718::
1691:.
1683:(
1668:.
1660:(
1560:.
1490:.
1430:.
1366:.
1340:.
1283:.
1254:.
1229:.
1164:.
1065:.
1021:.
995:.
966:.
937:)
923:.
668:.
609:.
592:(
573:.
558:.
539:.
412:.
255:)
251:(
237:.
166:(
158:(
80:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
