561:, a former member, viewed the models before they were sent, and did not approve of them. Ayres wrote to Moore on July 15, stating that the designs were mediocre, but that it was not entirely Fry's fault, as the Sesquicentennial Commission had dictated the designs. Moore wrote to Mint Director Grant on the 18th, noting the problem, and relaying a suggestion from Ayres, that sketches be approved by the Mint before the artist spent time and effort on making plaster models, and that Fry be allowed to make designs of his own choosing. In spite of this, Fry formally submitted photographs of his models on August 9. Once the Mint had established that Fry had the authority to act, O'Reilly sent them to the Fine Arts Commission for its verdict. On September 5, Moore replied, rejecting the models on several grounds. The Fine Arts Commission questioned the choice of Allen, did not like the lettering, objected to the misspelling of Bennington as "Bennigton", and had mistaken the monument for the one erected for the
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passed, as did the bill. Johnson realized that such a simple amendment might not result in a coin being issued, and returned to the House floor soon thereafter, asking that the bill be reconsidered, so he could couch his amendment in the same phrasing as for the other two coins. Once the bill was again being considered, Johnson added his amendment, but Vestal moved that the bill be returned to his committee. His motion failed, 24 ayes to 67 noes. Lengthy procedural wrangling followed over whether that vote could be objected to because there was no quorum present. Once this was resolved, the House passed the bill again. The bill was returned to the Senate the following day. Kansas'
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608:, which would make a coin one could admire. The animal is a reference to Fay's Tavern, that was also known as the Catamount Tavern, and was a place where the Green Mountain Boys met. A copy of the letter was sent by Keck to Spargo, who wrote to Moore on the 12th, suggesting the Fine Arts Commission was overstepping its bounds by trying to dictate the design, but to resolve the matter, he would agree to the catamount: "Life is too short to be spent in futile argument with the Commission of Fine Arts."
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585:, issued earlier in 1925. He was also unwilling to have a two-headed coin, as such a design combined with the depiction of Allen would be. Spargo suggested that Moore put his objections in writing and be as clear as possible to induce Fry to continue with the project, because the sculptor wanted to withdraw from it. Despite conciliatory efforts, Fry refused to continue, and after the failure of brief negotiations with Theodore Spicer-Simson, the Vermont commission engaged
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quitting on these gentlemen representing the State of
Vermont this morning." Vestal issued a report the same day, stating that the committee was against more commemorative coin issues, but that the Bennington issue should pass because of the national importance of the events of 1777, and because the issue of 40,000 was relatively small.
367:, the first university in what is now the United States to have a religious nondiscrimination policy. Thereafter his fortunes declined: he went to France in 1796 to buy weapons for the state militia, but his ship and cargo were taken by the British. He returned to Vermont to find his land seized for taxes, and was put in jail in
335:. British authorities awarded the land to New York in 1764, but settlers felt more affinity with New Hampshire, from which they had secured land grants. When New York issued grants for the same real estate, there was conflict between the two groups of settlers, and those deriving title from New Hampshire organized the
730:. They were distributed by local banks, which charged $ 1 per coin, and they sold principally to Vermonters. The distribution was coordinated by the Bennington Battle Monument and Historical Association of Bennington, Vermont. Four banks in Bennington each received 2,000 coins for distribution, as did four banks in
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president's state of birth; Fry, he wrote, had the talent to design a handsome coin, but had not done so. The next day, Spargo replied, hopeful that they would soon resolve the dispute. He stated that the
Sesquicentennial Commission felt that designs other than the monument would not do; for example, the use of a
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Sometimes the
Commission of Fine Arts was careless in approving models for commemorative coins, almost as if they were tired of the subject and wanted to get them off their hands. At other times they were tedious, or "up tight" as one might describe it nowadays, and were determined to make the design
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Moore wrote to Spargo on
September 18, stating that his commission had approved the head of Allen but was dissatisfied with the lettering. Spargo had mentioned that President Coolidge liked the Bennington Monument, and Moore stated that the Fine Arts Commission was anxious to get right a coin for the
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and
Garrard B. Winston, the assistant to the Undersecretary of the Treasury. O'Reilly, who had been with the Treasury longer than the other two, addressed the committee, warning that there were six coinage bills before Congress, and that the Mint had struck nine commemoratives in the past five years.
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was debated in 1922, he commented, "the question is whether the United States
Government is going to go on from year to year submitting its coinage to thisâwellâharlotry." His bill was referred to the Committee on Banking and Currency. Greene, a member of that committee, reported the bill back to the
283:
sent a letter opposing the bill and dispatched three
Treasury officials to testify against it, arguing that the public was being confused as special coin issues entered circulation. The committee's resolve to have no more commemorative coinsâafter this oneâdid not impress the full House, which added
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considering the
Bennington bill, and Vestal admitted that was hard to answer. The House voted, and the California amendment was added. But Representative Johnson to applause from his colleagues moved a further amendment, to add "and Vancouver, Wash." (that is, the state of Washington) The amendment
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also had to be added to the reverse; Keck promised completion within several days when he wrote to Grant on May 24, with photographs to be submitted to
Secretary Mellon for final approval. In July, Spargo wrote to Grant, advising him of how the coins would be distributed and making arrangements to
451:
addressed the committee. O'Reilly had indicated that coins were being requested for local celebrations, and
Fleetwood stressed the importance in American history of the events that were being commemorated. Vestal and others supported a ban on the committee passing further commemorative coin bills,
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were born in Connecticut, and were leaders of the Green Mountain Boys. Ethan Allen led an ill-advised raid on Montreal in 1775, was captured, and spent the remainder of the Revolutionary War a prisoner of the British. Ira Allen, besides being a military leader, was a member of the convention that
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pointed out, the sellers preferred a coin that could be spent if there was an unsold surplus, over a medal that could not. Leach's attitude toward approving more commemorative coins was typical: "I believe we have been going too fast, and I believe at some time we ought to quit it, but I dislike
435:, opposing the measure. Mellon noted that many commemorative issues had failed to sell out, leaving coins in the Mint or returning them for melting. Mellon felt that the public was being confused as surplus commemoratives entered circulation. The Treasury had sent three officials, Mint Director
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had gotten a bill through the Senate that was nearly identical to his amendment, and "the Senator is exceptionally anxious that it go through." Vestal asked to be heard in opposition to the amendment, stating that his committee, after recommending the Bennington bill, had decided to promote no
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Sales were not as robust as hoped. In November 1928, Spargo wrote to Mint Director Grant, requesting information on how to return several thousand coins, and by 1934, a total of 11,892 pieces had been returned to the Mint for redemption and melting. Profits from the coin went to the Vermont
746:. Swiatek and Breen, alluding to the scandals that embroiled other commemorative coins, noted that "it is a testimony to something or other in Vermont that there was never the faintest breath of suspicion at any time about anything connected with the distribution of the coins."
753:, sold for about $ 2, a price increased by fifty cents during the commemorative coin boom of 1936. They had subsided to the $ 2 level by 1940, but thereafter increased steadily in value, peaking at $ 825 during the second commemorative coin boom in 1980. The 2018 edition of
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Keck's design has been widely criticized, often because of the catamountâSwiatek and Breen summed up the coin as "an almost unrecognizably idealized Ira Allen, mated with an equally unrecognizably idealized wildcat. We cannot be sure of the species: cougar? panther? puma?"
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satisfied the Fine Arts Commission, it has been severely criticized by later writers. The coins did not sell out; over a fourth of the issue was returned for redemption and melting. The coins sell for at least in the hundreds of dollars today, depending on condition.
569:, wrote to Grant, pointing out the error and strongly defending the choices of Allen and the monument. He wrote again on the 15th, this time directly to Moore, "your commission has touched the pride of the Vermonter there, with a rather rough hand."
351:
declared Vermont independent in January 1777. A key player in Vermont politics in the Revolutionary War years, Allen served as state treasurer, designed the great seal, and in the 1780s surveyed several towns, three of which are named for him:
648:
conform to their ideas regardless of what the commission sponsoring the coin wanted. The Vermont coin is one of the latter examples. But the Battle of Bennington? Yes, it says so and gives the date but did catamounts take part in the battle?
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By the end April 1926, Keck had prepared three models, two with the catamount and a third featuring Revolutionary War memorabilia. The commission on the 30th approved one showing a walking catamount for the reverse, and asked that the words
725:
A total of 40,034 Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollars were struck at the Philadelphia Mint during January and February 1927, with the excess over the round number reserved for inspection and testing at the 1928 meeting of the annual
717:, in his volume about U.S. coins and medals, wrote that the Vermont coin "is spoiled by an excess of lettering on both sides ... It seems superfluous to have to state on the obverse that Ira Allen was 'Founder of Vermont'."
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Senate on January 20, with an amendment and a recommendation that it pass. The amendment deleted the proposed one-dollar piece and increased the mintage of the half dollar from 20,000 to 40,000. On January 24, New Hampshire's
410:
Legislation for a silver fifty-cent piece and a gold one-dollar piece in commemoration of the 150th anniversaries of the Battle of Bennington and of the independence of Vermont was introduced in the Senate by that state's
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was uncertain. New Hampshire claimed it, deeming its own western boundary to be 20 miles (32 km) east of the Hudson River; the colony of New York believed it owned the territory north of Massachusetts east to the
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After the approval of the legislation, the Vermont Sesquicentennial Commission moved quickly to secure designs to be used for the half dollar. Members decided to have the coin show Ira Allen on the obverse, and the
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took place. About 200 of the British forces were killed and 700 taken prisoner; only 40 Americans were killed. Weakened by the losses and the failure to obtain supplies, Burgoyne was defeated at the
506:
moved on behalf of Greene that the Senate agree to the House amendments, and the bill, authorizing all three coins, was enacted by Coolidge's signature on February 24, 1925. Anthony Swiatek and
427:
After the House received the Senate-passed bill, it was referred to the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures, which held hearings on January 30, with the chairman, Indiana Representative
734:. In 1929, the Bennington group was selling the coins by mail at a charge of $ 1.25 per coin by registered mail and $ 1 per coin for ten or more if the buyer paid for conveyance by an
600:
It was not until March 24, 1926, that new models, by Keck, were sent to the Fine Arts Commission. Although the commission admired Keck's portrait of Allen, they disliked his choice of
1786:
510:, in their 1988 book on commemoratives, state that the bill would probably not have passed Congress if Coolidge had not been known to have an interest in the Bennington observances.
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for the reverse, and also disliked his enclosing the building in a wreath. On April 2, Moore wrote to Keck, advising him to get rid of both, and to put in place of the building a
339:, a local militia. At first, the Boys concentrated on fending off unwanted settlers from New York, but after the war began in 1775, they turned their attention to the British.
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introduced legislation for commemorative coins to mark the 150th anniversary of Vermont declaring itself fully independent in 1777 and of the American victory at the
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described the reverse as bearing "a large catlike animal of uncertain species, which had nothing to do with the history of Vermont being commemorated but was a
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763:, published in 2017, lists the coin for between $ 250 and $ 750, depending on condition. An exceptional specimen sold at auction in 2014 for $ 7,344.
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543:, who had created a statue of Allen for the University of Vermont, to design the coin. On July 1, 1925, Fry wrote to Charles Moore, chairman of the
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1953:
1605:
Coinage of 50 Cent Pieces in Commemoration of the One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Bennington and the Independence of Vermont
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the same year. His bill passed the Senate without difficulty, but in the House of Representatives faced an array of problems. Treasury Secretary
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deemed "a great turning point of the war, because it won for Americans the foreign assistance which was the last element needed for victory".
363:, the last likely a shortened form of "Allenburgh". In 1791, the year Vermont was admitted to the Union, he was the principal founder of the
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The obverse features an idealized portrait of Ira Allen, one different from the one Fry had used in his statue and models. Allen wears a
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390:, and sent part of his force to secure it. Vermonters were joined by some 1,500 New Hampshire militiamen, and on August 16, 1777, the
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1910:
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with rendering advisory opinions on public artworks, including coins), informing him that the models would be ready in about a week.
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The bill came to the floor of the House of Representatives on February 16. As soon as the bill was read, California Representative
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for debt. He fled to Philadelphia, where he hoped to reverse his fortunes but was unable to; he died there impoverished in 1814.
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was a Vermonter by birth. The Treasury officials were willing to support striking a medal rather than a coin, but as Illinois'
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The reverse features a catamount, facing and walking to the left. The animal is virtually penned in with lettering, with
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two more half dollars to the legislation to mark other anniversaries. The Senate agreed to the changes, and President
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and the Vermont commission in charge of organizing the coin issue, as a result of which the original designer,
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Historical Trust, and were used to benefit museums and historical societies in the state, including the
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be substituted. The Vermont commission objected, and the matter was resolved by the name being added.
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323:
1618:
United States House of Representatives Committee on Coinage, Weights and Measures (January 30, 1925).
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for the Catamount Tavern, a subtlety lost on just about everyone who saw it". Art historian
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United States House of Representatives Committee on Coinage, Weights and Measures (1925).
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Keck repurposed his rejected design for the half dollar as one side of the official medal.
8:
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on January 9, 1925. Greene had not always been a friend to commemorative coins: when the
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1560:
The Encyclopedia of United States Silver & Gold Commemorative Coins, 1892 to 1954
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477:
383:
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299:, left the project, replaced by Keck. Although the eventual reverse design of a
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697:(representing the battle's date) below its head, and the designer's initials,
386:. Low on supplies, he heard of a poorly-guarded American depot at what is now
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further coin bills. He added that because of this, Washington Representative
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378:, advanced south from Canada, hoping to divide the colonies by capturing the
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would both require stretching history and risk charges of imitating the
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2020:
1975:
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but wanted the Vermont bill to pass. For one thing, as Massachusetts'
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1995:
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261:
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in New York state that October, an American victory that historian
1622:
Coinage of 50-cent Pieces for Anniversary of Battle of Bennington
1438:
Commemorative Coins of the United States: A Complete Encyclopedia
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1295:
1293:
1145:
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secure the first coins struck, to be used for presentations. The
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257:
73:
1690:
A Guide Book of United States Coins 2018 (The Official Red Book)
1646:. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
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1714:
605:
300:
199:
1347:
1290:
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1535:
Encyclopedia of the Commemorative Coins of the United States
1458:
The Authoritative Reference on Commemorative Coins 1892â1954
493:, in his state. The Minority Leader, Democratic Congressman
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of Tennessee, asked why the committee had not set the rule
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She answered questions from the congressmen on the panel.
1410:
976:
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952:
1670:(1st Deluxe ed.). Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing.
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from which dies could be made by the Philadelphia Mint.
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of New York reduced Keck's plaster models to coin-sized
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There was a lengthy battle over the design between the
2541:
1473:
Gregory, Barbara J. (June 2003). "The Vermont Saga".
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988:
1584:
An Illustrated History of U.S. Commemorative Coinage
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701:, between its rearmost paw and the end of its tail.
1518:(second ed.). Racine, WI: Whitman Publishing.
1441:. Wolfeboro, NH: Bowers and Merena Galleries, Inc.
1388:
1386:
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1692:(71st ed.). Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing.
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666:, and below his head appears his name. The words
288:signed the authorizing act on February 24, 1925.
235:Battle of Bennington Sesquicentennial half dollar
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1901:
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547:(charged by a 1921 executive order by President
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2458:LexingtonâConcord Sesquicentennial half dollar
583:Lexington-Concord Sesquicentennial half dollar
2304:
1887:
1741:
557:, a member of the Fine Arts Commission, and
326:, the ownership of what is now the state of
16:1927 American commemorative fifty-cent piece
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2224:America the Beautiful silver bullion coins
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2332:United States commemorative coins (1920s)
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2598:1927 establishments in the United States
1848:PanamaâPacific commemorative gold dollar
1628:United States Government Printing Office
1617:
1611:United States Government Printing Office
994:
848:. United States Senate. January 9, 1925.
721:Production, distribution, and collecting
591:
517:
2613:Early United States commemorative coins
1030:
1028:
2590:
2489:United States Sesquicentennial coinage
2468:California Diamond Jubilee half dollar
2426:Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar
2230:American Liberty high relief gold coin
1860:Lynchburg Sesquicentennial half dollar
1787:Equestrian statue of Stonewall Jackson
837:
835:
474:California Diamond Jubilee half dollar
472:pressed an amendment to provide for a
417:Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar
2473:Fort Vancouver Centennial half dollar
2292:
1875:
1729:
685:and the anniversary dates above him,
2510:Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollar
1854:Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollar
1720:Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollar
1634:
1513:
1493:The Birth of the Republic: 1763-1789
1377:
1318:
1025:
790:
485:had agreed to withdraw his bill for
271:On January 9, 1925, Vermont Senator
227:Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollar
22:Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollar
2531:Hawaii Sesquicentennial half dollar
2463:Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar
1667:A Guide Book of United States Coins
1532:
1516:United States Commemorative Coinage
1472:
1134:
832:
814:
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760:A Guide Book of United States Coins
119:40,034 including 34 pieces for the
13:
1780:Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
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539:on the reverse. They commissioned
248:in 1927. The coin was designed by
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2526:Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar
2494:Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar
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1284:
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843:"68 S, 3895 Introduced in Senate"
655:United States Commemorative Coins
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2379:Pilgrim Tercentenary half dollar
2363:Pilgrim Tercentenary half dollar
1755:
1713:
246:United States Bureau of the Mint
2384:Missouri Centennial half dollar
1479:American Numismatic Association
1103:
1078:
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1000:
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131:None, all pieces struck at the
2389:Alabama Centennial half dollar
902:
877:
852:
513:
405:
374:In 1777, the British general,
231:BenningtonâVermont half dollar
1:
2608:Currencies introduced in 1927
1586:. New York: Arco Publishing.
1564:. New York: Arco Publishing.
766:
537:Battle of Bennington Monument
307:
2442:Huguenot-Walloon half dollar
2358:Maine Centennial half dollar
1903:Coinage of the United States
476:. He explained that Senator
57:30.61 mm (1.20 in)
7:
1537:. Chicago: KWS Publishers.
1514:Slabaugh, Arlie R. (1975).
1499:University of Chicago Press
489:honoring the centennial of
65:2.15 mm (0.08 in)
10:
2644:
1460:. Roswell, GA: Kyle Vick.
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324:American Revolutionary War
311:
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1642:Numismatic Art in America
1533:Swiatek, Anthony (2012).
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1477:. Colorado Springs, CO:
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891:Vol. 71, Page
866:Vol. 68, Page
672:UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
563:Battle of Lake Champlain
1822:Father Francis P. Duffy
1808:Charles Brantley Aycock
1124:(subscription required)
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1074:(subscription required)
1049:(subscription required)
1021:(subscription required)
948:(subscription required)
923:(subscription required)
898:(subscription required)
873:(subscription required)
749:By 1935, the coins, in
674:surround his portrait.
545:Commission of Fine Arts
447:Vermont Representative
322:In the days before the
293:Commission of Fine Arts
229:, sometimes called the
2410:Grant Memorial coinage
751:uncirculated condition
650:
597:
531:
449:Frederick G. Fleetwood
382:in what is called the
2628:Works by Charles Keck
1497:. Chicago, Illinois:
1456:Flynn, Kevin (2008).
645:
595:
521:
439:, Assistant Director
365:University of Vermont
2273:(1976, 1992âpresent)
1722:at Wikimedia Commons
1164:, pp. vâvi, 90.
1113:Congressional Record
1088:Congressional Record
1063:Congressional Record
1038:Congressional Record
1010:Congressional Record
937:Congressional Record
912:Congressional Record
887:Congressional Record
862:Congressional Record
679:BATTLE OF BENNINGTON
631:Medallic Art Company
392:Battle of Bennington
277:Battle of Bennington
2212:First Spouse (gold)
1636:Vermeule, Cornelius
1354:Swiatek & Breen
1302:Swiatek & Breen
1263:, pp. 338â339.
1150:Swiatek & Breen
1121:(February 17, 1925)
1096:(February 17, 1925)
1071:(February 16, 1925)
1046:(February 16, 1925)
1018:(February 16, 1925)
870:(December 18, 1922)
781:, pp. 229â230.
388:Bennington, Vermont
337:Green Mountain Boys
23:
2618:Economy of Vermont
1552:Swiatek, Anthony;
1212:, pp. 99â100.
945:(January 26, 1925)
920:(January 24, 1925)
895:(January 20, 1925)
715:Cornelius Vermeule
668:FOUNDER OF VERMONT
614:FOUNDER OF VERMONT
598:
575:Green Mountain Boy
559:James Earle Fraser
532:
396:Battle of Saratoga
314:History of Vermont
21:
2539:
2538:
2286:
2285:
2214:(2007â2016; 2020)
1869:
1868:
1718:Media related to
1699:978-0-7948-4506-3
1677:978-0-7948-4307-6
1653:978-0-674-62840-3
1593:978-0-668-01536-3
1571:978-0-668-04765-4
1544:978-0-9817736-7-4
1525:978-0-307-09377-6
1448:978-0-943161-35-8
1200:, pp. 95â99.
829:, pp. 82â83.
805:, pp. 49â50.
793:, pp. 82â83.
744:Bennington Museum
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
673:
669:
627:
623:
619:
615:
549:Warren G. Harding
478:Samuel Shortridge
456:noted, President
384:Saratoga Campaign
333:Connecticut River
318:Saratoga Campaign
223:
222:
135:without mint mark
133:Philadelphia Mint
2635:
2623:Fifty-cent coins
2580:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2343:
2341:
2328:
2325:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2271:Silver Proof Set
2259:Special Mint Set
2066:
2065:
2061:
2058:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1815:Lincoln Monument
1793:Liberty Monument
1750:
1743:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1717:
1703:
1681:
1657:
1645:
1631:
1625:
1614:
1608:
1597:
1575:
1563:
1548:
1529:
1510:
1496:
1482:
1469:
1452:
1433:Bowers, Q. David
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1322:
1316:
1305:
1299:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
950:
949:
946:
931:
925:
924:
921:
906:
900:
899:
896:
881:
875:
874:
871:
856:
850:
849:
847:
839:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
728:Assay Commission
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
671:
667:
658:
653:Arlie Slabaugh,
625:
621:
617:
613:
495:Finis J. Garrett
441:Mary M. O'Reilly
433:Andrew W. Mellon
429:Albert H. Vestal
281:Andrew W. Mellon
242:fifty-cent piece
191:
149:
121:Assay Commission
108:Years of minting
24:
20:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2514:
2498:
2477:
2446:
2430:
2414:
2398:
2367:
2346:
2339:
2336:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2287:
2282:
2235:
2218:Palladium Eagle
2174:
2096:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2035:
1976:1¢ (large size)
1967:
1963:
1962:
1948:
1905:
1900:
1870:
1865:
1836:
1759:
1754:
1710:
1700:
1678:
1654:
1594:
1572:
1545:
1526:
1475:The Numismatist
1449:
1428:
1423:
1419:, p. 1138.
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1325:
1317:
1308:
1300:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1005:
1001:
993:
989:
985:, pp. 4â9.
981:
977:
973:, pp. 3â5.
969:
965:
961:, pp. 2â4.
957:
953:
947:
932:
928:
922:
907:
903:
897:
882:
878:
872:
857:
853:
845:
841:
840:
833:
825:
821:
813:
809:
801:
797:
789:
785:
777:
773:
769:
736:express company
723:
707:Q. David Bowers
687:E PLURIBUS UNUM
683:IN GOD WE TRUST
660:
652:
643:
626:IN GOD WE TRUST
622:E PLURIBUS UNUM
616:be removed and
516:
487:a commemorative
458:Calvin Coolidge
454:Robert M. Leach
437:Robert J. Grant
422:George H. Moses
408:
361:Alburg, Vermont
320:
312:Main articles:
310:
286:Calvin Coolidge
123:(11,892 melted)
92:
37:50 cents (0.50
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2641:
2631:
2630:
2625:
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2615:
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2416:
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2413:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2399:
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2375:
2373:
2369:
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2366:
2365:
2360:
2354:
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2329:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2255:(1947âpresent)
2250:
2249:(1936âpresent)
2243:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2232:(2015âpresent)
2227:
2221:
2220:(2017âpresent)
2215:
2209:
2208:(2006âpresent)
2203:
2202:(1997âpresent)
2200:Platinum Eagle
2197:
2196:(1986âpresent)
2191:
2190:(1986âpresent)
2184:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2097:
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2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1958:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
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1876:
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1826:
1818:
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1804:
1796:
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1767:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1709:
1708:External links
1706:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1682:
1676:
1658:
1652:
1632:
1615:
1598:
1592:
1576:
1570:
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1530:
1524:
1511:
1487:Morgan, Edmund
1483:
1470:
1453:
1447:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1409:
1407:, p. 302.
1397:
1395:, p. 187.
1382:
1380:, p. 174.
1370:
1368:, p. 185.
1358:
1356:, p. 243.
1346:
1344:, p. 231.
1323:
1306:
1304:, p. 246.
1289:
1287:, p. 339.
1277:
1265:
1253:
1251:, p. 101.
1241:
1239:, p. 233.
1226:
1224:, p. 100.
1214:
1202:
1190:
1188:, p. 334.
1178:
1166:
1154:
1152:, p. 245.
1139:
1137:, p. 207.
1127:
1102:
1077:
1052:
1024:
999:
987:
983:House hearings
975:
971:House hearings
963:
959:House hearings
951:
926:
901:
876:
851:
831:
819:
807:
795:
783:
770:
768:
765:
722:
719:
644:
642:
639:
515:
512:
504:Charles Curtis
491:Fort Vancouver
483:Albert Johnson
462:Morton D. Hull
407:
404:
309:
306:
256:depicts early
252:, and on its
244:struck by the
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2609:
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2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2583:
2582:United States
2573:
2571:
2561:
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2532:
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2527:
2524:
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2257:
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2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2102:Commemorative
2099:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1554:Breen, Walter
1550:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1418:
1417:Yeoman deluxe
1413:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1321:, p. 81.
1320:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1281:
1275:, p. 94.
1274:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1176:, p. 90.
1175:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1081:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1056:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1031:
1029:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1003:
996:
991:
984:
979:
972:
967:
960:
955:
944:
940:
938:
930:
919:
915:
913:
905:
894:
890:
888:
880:
869:
865:
863:
855:
844:
838:
836:
828:
823:
817:, p. 50.
816:
811:
804:
799:
792:
787:
780:
775:
771:
764:
762:
761:
756:
752:
747:
745:
739:
737:
733:
729:
718:
716:
712:
708:
702:
675:
665:
659:
657:(1975), p. 81
656:
649:
638:
636:
632:
609:
607:
603:
594:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
529:
525:
520:
511:
509:
505:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
475:
471:
470:John E. Raker
466:
463:
459:
455:
450:
445:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
418:
414:
403:
401:
400:Edmund Morgan
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:Hudson Valley
377:
376:John Burgoyne
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
329:
325:
319:
315:
305:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
264:, brother of
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:
239:commemorative
236:
232:
228:
218:
214:
211:
208:
204:
201:
198:
194:
190:
185:
180:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:
152:
148:
143:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
100:0.36169
99:
95:
88:
85:
84:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:United States
25:
19:
2509:
2394:Peace dollar
2277:Prestige Set
2265:Souvenir Set
2240:Special sets
2206:Gold Buffalo
2188:Silver Eagle
1853:
1828:
1820:
1806:
1798:
1778:
1770:
1757:Charles Keck
1689:
1686:Yeoman, R.S.
1666:
1662:Yeoman, R.S.
1641:
1621:
1604:
1583:
1559:
1534:
1515:
1492:
1474:
1457:
1437:
1412:
1400:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1130:
1111:
1105:
1086:
1080:
1061:
1055:
1036:
1008:
1002:
997:, p. 1.
995:House report
990:
978:
966:
954:
935:
929:
910:
904:
885:
879:
860:
854:
822:
810:
798:
786:
774:
758:
755:R. S. Yeoman
748:
740:
724:
703:
676:
661:
654:
651:
646:
610:
602:Fay's Tavern
599:
587:Charles Keck
581:seen on the
571:
553:
533:
508:Walter Breen
498:
467:
446:
426:
413:Frank Greene
409:
373:
341:
321:
290:
273:Frank Greene
270:
250:Charles Keck
234:
230:
226:
224:
210:Charles Keck
168:Charles Keck
102:troy oz
89:10.0% copper
86:90.0% silver
18:
2603:Cats in art
2570:Numismatics
2279:(1983â1997)
2267:(1972â1998)
2261:(1964â1967)
2226:(2010â2021)
2072:3¢ (bronze)
2049:2¢ (billon)
1996:5¢ (silver)
1991:3¢ (nickel)
1986:3¢ (silver)
1911:Circulating
691:HALF DOLLAR
567:John Spargo
555:Louis Ayres
514:Preparation
406:Legislation
348:Ethan Allen
266:Ethan Allen
216:Design date
174:Design date
80:Composition
49:12.5 g
2592:Categories
2194:Gold Eagle
2006:$ 1 (gold)
1764:Sculptures
1580:Taxay, Don
1110:1925
1085:1925
1060:1925
1035:1925
1007:1925
934:1925
909:1925
884:1925
859:1922
767:References
541:Sherry Fry
528:Sherry Fry
522:Statue of
369:Burlington
308:Background
297:Sherry Fry
128:Mint marks
39:US dollars
2247:Proof Set
1830:Huey Long
1507:264638977
1466:711779330
1069:3882â3883
618:IRA ALLEN
606:catamount
579:Minuteman
524:Ira Allen
342:Brothers
301:catamount
262:Ira Allen
200:Catamount
158:Ira Allen
62:Thickness
2253:Mint Set
2041:Canceled
1954:Obsolete
1688:(2017).
1664:(2015).
1638:(1971).
1582:(1967).
1556:(1981).
1489:(1956).
1481:: 48â51.
1435:(1992).
1378:Vermeule
1319:Slabaugh
791:Slabaugh
357:Irasburg
206:Designer
164:Designer
54:Diameter
2544:Portals
2180:Bullion
2062:⁄
1966:⁄
1800:Science
1772:Letters
1426:Sources
1135:Swiatek
815:Gregory
803:Gregory
732:Rutland
695:AUG. 16
693:below,
664:periwig
328:Vermont
260:leader
258:Vermont
254:obverse
237:, is a
233:or the
182:Reverse
140:Obverse
116:Mintage
2338:1930s
1862:(1936)
1856:(1927)
1850:(1915)
1833:(1941)
1825:(1937)
1817:(1932)
1811:(1932)
1803:(1925)
1795:(1924)
1789:(1921)
1783:(1919)
1775:(1915)
1696:
1674:
1650:
1590:
1568:
1541:
1522:
1505:
1464:
1445:
1405:Yeoman
1342:Bowers
1237:Bowers
827:Morgan
779:Bowers
641:Design
530:(1921)
499:before
196:Design
154:Design
97:Silver
74:Reeded
2558:Money
2326:1910s
2170:2020s
2165:2010s
2160:2000s
2155:1990s
2150:1980s
2145:1970s
2140:1950s
2135:1940s
2130:1930s
2125:1920s
2120:1910s
2115:1900s
2110:1800s
2092:$ 100
2011:$ 2.5
1841:Coins
1393:Flynn
1366:Flynn
1285:Flynn
1273:Taxay
1261:Flynn
1249:Taxay
1222:Taxay
1210:Taxay
1198:Taxay
1186:Flynn
1174:Taxay
1162:Taxay
846:(pdf)
711:rebus
34:Value
2519:1928
2503:1927
2482:1926
2451:1925
2435:1924
2419:1923
2403:1922
2372:1921
2351:1920
2087:$ 50
2031:$ 20
2026:$ 10
1694:ISBN
1672:ISBN
1648:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1566:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1520:ISBN
1503:OCLC
1462:OCLC
1443:ISBN
1119:3930
1094:3920
1044:3879
1016:3878
943:2486
918:2403
893:2120
689:and
670:and
635:hubs
624:and
359:and
346:and
316:and
225:The
219:1927
177:1927
111:1927
70:Edge
46:Mass
2082:$ 4
2077:$ 2
2021:$ 5
2016:$ 3
2001:20¢
1944:$ 1
1939:50¢
1934:25¢
1929:10¢
868:638
757:'s
526:by
353:Ira
344:Ira
2594::
1981:2¢
1924:5¢
1919:1¢
1626:.
1609:.
1501:.
1385:^
1326:^
1309:^
1292:^
1229:^
1142:^
1115:,
1090:,
1065:,
1040:,
1027:^
1012:,
939:,
914:,
889:,
864:,
834:^
738:.
699:CK
681:,
589:.
355:,
268:.
2546::
2340:â
2324:â
2312:e
2305:t
2298:v
2067:¢
2064:2
2060:1
2057:+
2055:2
1971:¢
1968:2
1964:1
1895:e
1888:t
1881:v
1749:e
1742:t
1735:v
1702:.
1680:.
1656:.
1630:.
1613:.
1596:.
1574:.
1547:.
1528:.
1509:.
1468:.
1451:.
41:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
