332:" ("excessive") and "writing", and as the name suggests, means using extra words that add little value. One rhetoric professor described it as "a wordy writing style characterized by excessive detail, needless repetition, overwrought figures of speech, and/or convoluted sentence structures." Another writer cited "meaningless intensifiers", "adjectival & adverbial verbosity", "long conjunctions and subordinators", and "repetition and needless information" as common traps that the non-native writers of English the author studied fell into.
1317:
540:
decisions, for example, "A balance must be struck between judgments which are inadequately reasoned and too terse, cryptic and formulaic, and decisions (especially when multiple judgments are given by an appellate court) which are too long and difficult to unravel." In such cases attention should be paid to the argument underlying a conclusion, so that the language used strikes a balance between simplicity and precision.
39:
604:, for instance, notes that authors striving to reduce verbosity might produce prose that is unclear in its message or dry in style. "There's no vivid world where every character speaks in one-line, three-word sentences," he notes. There is a danger that the avoidance of prolixity can produce writing that feels unnatural or sterile.
397:
published a 229-page parody of postmodern writing titled "Pomobabble: Postmodern
Newspeak and Constitutional 'Meaning' for the Uninitiated". The article consists of complicated and context-sensitive self-referencing narratives. The text is peppered with a number of parenthetical citations and asides,
535:
In contrast to advice against verbosity, some editors and style experts suggest that maxims such as "omit needless words" are unhelpful. It may be unclear which words are unnecessary, or where advice against prolixity may harm writing. In some cases a degree of repetition and redundancy, or use of
539:
In nonfiction writing, experts suggest that a balance must be struck between, on one hand removing excessive elements that do not aid communication, versus unduly terse style on the other hand, which fails to make its meaning clear. Law professor Neil
Andrews suggests that in the writing of legal
496:
says, "It is the second-rate writers, those intent rather on expressing themselves prettily than on conveying their meaning clearly, & still more those whose notions of style are based on a few misleading rules of thumb, that are chiefly open to the allurements of elegant variation," Fowler's
559:
that he "had never been known to use a word that might send the reader to the dictionary." Hemingway responded by saying, "Poor
Faulkner. Does he really think big emotions come from big words? He thinks I don't know the ten-dollar words. I know them all right. But there are older and simpler and
595:
Objective consideration of contemporary phenomena compels the conclusion that success or failure in competitive activities exhibits no tendency to be commensurate with innate capacity, but that a considerable element of the unpredictable must invariably be taken into
527:
found that using long and obscure words does not make people seem more intelligent. Dr. Daniel M. Oppenheimer did research which showed that students rated short, concise texts as being written by the most intelligent authors. But those who used long words or complex
586:
I returned and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them
1524:
his almost compulsive need to solve puzzles, his provocative mischievousness, his indignant impatience with pretension and hypocrisy, and his talent for one-upping anybody who tries to one-up him
479:
Many style guides advise against excessive verbosity. While it may be rhetorically useful verbose parts in communications are sometimes referred to as "fluff" or "fuzz". For instance,
420:
received yesterday and to-day
General Baron von Beck.... It may therefore be assumed with some confidence that the terms of a feasible solution are maturing themselves in
547:(1835–1910) wrote "generally, the fewer the words that fully communicate or evoke the intended ideas and feelings, the more effective the communication." Similarly
303:, "to chatter". The adjective may describe a person who is excessively talkative, especially about trivial matters, or a speech that is excessively wordy or diffuse
1301:
340:
An essay intentionally filled with "logorrhea" that mixed physics concepts with sociological concepts in a nonsensical way was published by physics professor
60:
689:
448:, "is to set readers wondering what the significance of the change is, only to conclude that there is none." Fowler would go on to call this phenomenon "
1045:
958:
47:
483:, an American professor of English advised in 1918 to "Use the active voice: Put statements in positive form; Omit needless words."
1235:
1594:
1502:
1424:
1379:
1214:
1137:
488:
815:
1395:
1129:
Investigations into Magic, an
Edition and Translation of Martín Del Río's Disquisitionum magicarum libri sex: Volume 6
1468:
1279:
1243:
567:
1071:
1332:"Consequences of Erudite Vernacular Utilized Irrespective of Necessity: Problems with using long words needlessly"
516:
found that verbosity can be dangerous if used by emergency services. It can lead to delay that could cost lives.
388:, described Harding's speeches as "an army of pompous phrases moving across the landscape in search of an idea."
361:
The term is sometimes also applied to unnecessarily wordy speech in general; this is more usually referred to as
381:
536:
figurative language and long or complex sentences can have positive effects on style or communicative effect.
1599:
1254:(that is, using synonyms wherever possible), which purists consider to be essential for good style in French.
239:
to describe prose that is hard to understand because it is needlessly complicated or uses excessive jargon.
600:
In contrast, though, some authors warn against pursuing concise writing for its own sake. Literary critic
1271:
513:
1331:
1289:
French tends to avoid repetition of proper names, with a description of the person, at second reference.
1371:
351:
1021:
1268:
The
Translator's Handbook: (with special reference to conference translation from French and Spanish)
1316:
1604:
774:
724:
902:
845:
52:
694:
501:. Contrary to Fowler's criticism of several words being used to name the same thing in English
258:
20:
1414:
1365:
1492:
1456:
1230:
Paterson, Ann (2006). "Painting with words". In
Eugenia Loffredo, Manuela Perteghella (ed.).
674:
653:
403:
169:, "wordy". There are many other English words that also refer to the use of excessive words.
99:
1049:
903:"Definition and Examples of Overwriting : Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms"
1579:
1165:
928:
524:
385:
254:
1460:
1157:
8:
703: – Intentionally confusing wording to confuse people apart from an intended audience
493:
393:
90:, is speech or writing that uses more words than necessary. The opposite of verbosity is
19:
This article is about the linguistic and stylistic term. For the psychological term, see
1169:
1110:
794:
1589:
1091:
1003:
575:
369:, a matter of artistic preference, or helpful in explaining complex ideas or messages.
1555:
Dan Lyons, "On Mute: Overtalkers are everywhere – but saying less will get you more",
424:
mind and may form the basis of further negotiations with
Hungarian party leaders when
1584:
1498:
1464:
1420:
1375:
1275:
1239:
1210:
1133:
950:
880:
449:
377:
1232:
Translation And
Creativity: Perspectives on Creative Writing And Translation Studies
1609:
1574:
1346:
1203:
1083:
995:
940:
859:
556:
548:
108:
1072:"Pomobabble: Postmodern Newspeak and Constitutional "Meaning" for the Uninitiated"
1557:
1449:
1153:
1127:
819:
778:
697: – Communication disorder that causes excessive wordiness and repetitiveness
665:
608:
506:
945:
543:
A number of writers advise against excessive verbosity in fiction. For example,
647:
629:
480:
274:
270:
220:
163:
715: – Prose text that is overwritten in a way that disrupts a narrative flow
1568:
1537:
954:
756:
614:
Wordiness is common in informal or playful conversation, lyrics, and comedy.
601:
563:
188:
1399:
971:
712:
680:
571:
355:
91:
27:
677: – Phrase which appeals to positive emotion without supporting reason
322:, "to wander". They refer to enlarging a discourse, text, or description.
718:
700:
638:
552:
469:
461:
346:
1095:
730:
623:
544:
520:
341:
236:
104:
1007:
329:
245:
is a linguistic style that involves the use of long words. Roman poet
1350:
721: – Level of ease with which a reader can understand written text
659:
409:
398:
which is supposed to mock the cluttered style of postmodern writing.
184:
1087:
999:
706:
464:
is quoted as saying "Big book, big evil" (μέγα βιβλίον μέγα κακόν,
1126:
Valverde, José; Maxwell-Stuart, Peter; Río, Martín (2022-12-28).
656: – Seemingly tangential discussion that returns to the point
498:
198:
38:
929:"Writing Intelligible English Prose: Conciseness vs. Verbosity"
555:
for literature, defended his concise style against a charge by
473:
246:
197:
is complex speech or writing judged to be pompous or bombastic
444:
all refer to the same person: "the effect", he pointed out in
281:
words a foot long). The earliest recorded usage in
English of
63:
of all important aspects of the article. The reason given is:
579:
502:
384:, was notably verbose even for his era. A Democratic leader,
366:
1302:"7/7 inquests: emergency services should use plain English"
986:
Stern, Aurthur A. (1967). "How to write less efficiently".
529:
232:
228:
187:
or speech, especially a formal address such as a lawyer's
26:
For verbosity in computing and user interface design, see
1125:
611:
has spoken out against verbosity in scientific writing.
1162:
On writing well: An informal guide to writing nonfiction
1561:, vol. 201, nos. 3–4 (30 Jan., 6 Feb. 2023), pp. 62–66.
1535:
685:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
670:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
643:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
634:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1109:
Fowler, Henry Watson; Fowler, Francis George (1908).
16:
Speech or writing that uses more words than necessary
727: – Information that is expressed more than once
690:
List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English
365:. Some people defend the use of additional words as
662: – Writing principle of eliminating redundancy
235:") is an excessive flow of words. It is often used
1448:
1202:
751:
749:
509:, it might be thought to be a good writing style.
773:
570:" (1946) by taking verse (9:11) from the book of
1566:
650: – Ambiguous or roundabout figure of speech
1152:
746:
641: – Mexican actor and filmmaker (1911–1993)
1412:
839:
560:better words, and those are the ones I use."
183:can also be used to refer to the length of a
1536:Charles (Carlos) Fabara (19 December 2020).
1494:2012 Novel & Short Story Writer's Market
1363:
1108:
328:is a simple compound of the English prefix "
65:Only two of the four sections are summarized
1490:
1329:
709: – Redundancy in linguistic expression
1181:
1179:
944:
900:
840:Simpson, J. A.; Weiner, E. S. C. (1989).
668: – Limestone Block in Blarney Castle
201:. It is a combination of the Latin words
153:
1497:. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 31.
1229:
981:
979:
626: – Empty, pompous, political speech
432:Fowler objected to this passage because
1517:
1446:
97:Some teachers, including the author of
1567:
1413:Rovit, Earl; Waldhorn, Arthur (2006).
1265:
1200:
1185:
1176:
111:, among others, famously avoided it.
59:Please consider expanding the lead to
1069:
985:
976:
965:
926:
683: – Nonsensical speech or writing
532:types were seen as less intelligent.
505:, in many other languages, including
1416:Hemingway and Faulkner in Their Time
1205:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
961:from the original on 26 August 2021.
489:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
335:
103:, warn against verbosity. Similarly
32:
1522:. Vintage Random House. p. 9.
901:Nordquist, Richard (2 April 2018).
13:
1549:
1070:Arrow, Dennis W. (December 1997).
354:. The episode became known as the
299:, "talkative", a form of the verb
14:
1621:
1520:Surely you're joking, Mr. Feynman
1048:. The White House. Archived from
795:"Dictionary.com - Grandiloquence"
568:Politics and the English Language
1518:Feynman, Richard (Nov 1, 1992).
1315:
114:Synonyms of "verbosity" include
37:
1539:The Concise Expression Handbook
1529:
1511:
1484:
1440:
1406:
1388:
1357:
1330:Oppenheimer, Daniel M. (2005).
1323:
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1038:
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455:
51:may be too short to adequately
1201:Fowler, Henry Watson (1994) .
1164:. New York: Harper & Row.
920:
894:
881:"Dictionary.com - expatiation"
873:
852:
833:
808:
787:
767:
733: – Extremely rapid speech
460:The ancient Greek philosopher
407:, Fowler gives a passage from
382:president of the United States
61:provide an accessible overview
1:
1595:Language varieties and styles
842:The Oxford English Dictionary
783:. London: T. Boys. p. 9.
740:
632: – Bingo-style word game
452:" in his later style guides.
1398:. Search.com. Archived from
1339:Applied Cognitive Psychology
860:"Dictionary.com - Garrulous"
413:as an example of verbosity:
7:
1451:The Yale Book of Quotations
1272:Penn State University Press
1022:"Word of the Day: Bloviate"
946:10.29110/soylemdergi.617184
617:
372:
10:
1626:
1419:. Continuum. p. 162.
1372:Cambridge University Press
1304:. Telegraph. 10 March 2011
1266:Fuller, Frederick (1984).
883:. Dictionary.reference.com
862:. Dictionary.reference.com
797:. Dictionary.reference.com
352:scholarly publishing sting
25:
18:
1447:Shapiro, Fred R. (2006).
1396:"Reference for Prolixity"
497:term for the over-use of
1186:Strunk, William (1918).
725:Redundancy (linguistics)
466:mega biblion, mega kakon
265:, "one and a half", and
1209:. Wordsworth Editions.
1026:www.merriam-webster.com
933:Söylem Filoloji Dergisi
846:Oxford University Press
777:; Reuben Percy (1826).
757:"Removing Word Clutter"
428:goes again to Budapest.
318:, past participle from
927:Demír, Cuneyt (2019).
695:Logorrhea (psychology)
598:
589:
551:(1899–1961), the 1954
519:A 2005 study from the
430:
154:Etymology and synonyms
21:Logorrhea (psychology)
1457:Yale University Press
1364:Neil Andrews (2015).
1188:The Elements of Style
675:Glittering generality
654:Circumstantial speech
593:
584:
566:mocked logorrhea in "
476:in favor of his own.
415:
100:The Elements of Style
1600:Literary terminology
1491:Adria Haley (2011).
1132:. BRILL. p. 1.
591:and rewriting it as
525:Princeton University
514:2005 London bombings
512:An inquiry into the
446:Modern English Usage
386:William Gibbs McAdoo
1190:. Paris: Feedbooks.
1170:1994wwai.book.....Z
1076:Michigan Law Review
1046:"Warren G. Harding"
988:The English Journal
844:(Second ed.).
816:"Ars Poetica, l.97"
780:The Percy Anecdotes
494:Henry Watson Fowler
394:Michigan Law Review
285:is in 1656, and of
251:sesquipedalia verba
1250:. . . the rule of
1115:. Clarendon Press.
1112:The King's English
576:King James Version
404:The King's English
273:", a reference to
249:coined the phrase
1504:978-1-59963-242-1
1426:978-0-8264-1825-8
1402:on July 16, 2011.
1381:978-1-107-06168-2
1287:Elegant variation
1252:elegant variation
1216:978-1-85326-318-7
1139:978-90-04-46896-2
468:), rejecting the
450:Elegant variation
378:Warren G. Harding
336:Scientific jargon
295:comes from Latin
287:sesquipedalianism
243:Sesquipedalianism
175:comes from Latin
144:sesquipedalianism
81:
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972:The Sokal Affair
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314:come from Latin
109:Ernest Hemingway
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1374:. p. 607.
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666:Gift of the gab
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609:Richard Feynman
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46:This article's
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1274:. p. 35.
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1238:. p. 88.
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1082:(3): 461–690.
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994:(1): 114–117.
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648:Circumlocution
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630:Bullshit bingo
627:
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553:Nobel laureate
523:department of
481:William Strunk
457:
454:
374:
371:
344:in a journal (
337:
334:
283:sesquipedalian
209:("to speak").
205:("great") and
195:Grandiloquence
179:, "extended".
155:
152:
128:grandiloquence
79:
78:
55:the key points
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1052:on 2012-07-26
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713:Purple prose
681:Gobbledygook
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72:January 2021
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48:lead section
28:Verbose mode
1580:Phraseology
1476:28 February
1432:28 February
761:Roane State
719:Readability
701:Obfuscation
639:Cantinflear
462:Callimachus
442:the Monarch
438:His Majesty
434:The Emperor
426:the Monarch
418:The Emperor
380:, the 29th
347:Social Text
326:Overwriting
308:expatiation
255:Ars Poetica
223:λογόρροια,
162:comes from
148:overwriting
136:expatiation
88:verboseness
1569:Categories
1459:. p.
1056:2013-01-23
1031:2023-03-29
887:2013-01-23
866:2013-01-23
825:2 February
801:2013-01-21
741:References
731:Tachylalia
624:Bloviation
607:Physicist
545:Mark Twain
521:psychology
342:Alan Sokal
316:expatiātus
257:. It is a
225:logorrhoia
217:logorrhoea
105:Mark Twain
1590:Semantics
1236:Continuum
955:2548-0502
912:18 August
907:ThoughtCo
660:Concision
472:style of
410:The Times
367:idiomatic
363:prolixity
312:expatiate
306:The noun
293:Garrulous
213:Logorrhea
185:monologue
181:Prolixity
173:Prolixity
160:verbosity
158:The word
140:logorrhea
124:prolixity
116:wordiness
84:Verbosity
53:summarize
1585:Rhetoric
1308:11 March
1156:(1994).
959:Archived
707:Pleonasm
618:See also
596:account.
499:synonyms
373:Examples
320:spatiārī
297:garrulus
289:, 1863.
259:compound
177:prolixus
167:verbosus
120:verbiage
1610:Writing
1575:Grammar
1166:Bibcode
1096:1290146
578:of the
574:in the
492:(1926)
350:) as a
301:garrīre
253:in his
203:grandis
199:diction
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1008:812704
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507:French
474:poetry
440:, and
263:sesqui
247:Horace
219:(from
146:, and
1335:(PDF)
1092:JSTOR
1004:JSTOR
580:Bible
503:prose
330:over-
275:meter
221:Greek
207:loqui
164:Latin
86:, or
1558:Time
1499:ISBN
1478:2011
1465:ISBN
1434:2011
1421:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1310:2011
1276:ISBN
1240:ISBN
1211:ISBN
1134:ISBN
951:ISSN
914:2021
827:2011
587:all.
530:font
470:epic
391:The
271:foot
233:flux
229:word
107:and
1461:354
1347:doi
1084:doi
996:doi
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486:In
401:In
279:not
269:, "
267:pes
261:of
227:, "
215:or
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