2242:
2221:
54:
2334:
2047:
2298:
153:
2314:
2262:
235:
2278:
2027:
245:
31:
226:, and three interlocking structures (called cardinal teeth) in the top of each valve; several of the subfamilies also have anterior lateral teeth, anterior to the cardinal teeth: one in the left valve, and two (sometimes obscure) in the right valve. The inner lower peripheries of the valves can be finely toothed or smooth.
2070:
for example) occur on some. One small subfamily, the
Samarangiinae, is created for a unique and rare clam found in coral reefs with an outer covering of cemented sand or mud that texturally camouflages it while enhancing the thickness of the shell. Several venerid clams have overall shell shapes
213:
The classification within the family
Veneridae has been controversial at least since the 1930s. Molecular approaches show that much of this traditional classification is unnatural. Some common species have been moved between genera (including genera in different subfamilies) because of repeated
221:
The characters used for classifying this group still tend to be superficial, focusing on external features, especially those of the shell. Venerid clams are characterized as bivalves with an external posterior ligament, usually a well demarcated anterior area known as the
196:
Many of the most important edible species are commonly known (in the USA) simply as "clams". Venerids make up a significant proportion of the world fishery of edible bivalves. The family includes some species that are important commercially, such as (in the USA) the
2083:
species are almost disc-like in shape and reminiscent of lucinid bivalves; both types of circular bivalves tend to burrow relatively deeply into the sediment. Further reclassification is to be expected as the results of current research in
2114:"Molecular phylogeny of venus clams (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Veneridae) with emphasis on the systematic position of taxa along the coast of mainland China: Molecular phylogeny of venus clams"
2183:
Keen, A. M. (1969). Superfamily
Veneracea. pp. 670â690, in: Leslie Reginald Cox et al., Part N , Mollusca 6, vols. 1 and 2: xxxvii + 952 pp. Part of Raymond C. Moore, ed.,
2091:
Venerids have rounded or oval solid shells with the umbones (projections) inturned towards the anterior end. Three or four cardinal teeth are on each valve. The
1208:
3622:
1837:
1737:
1311:
629:
1999:
1889:
1848:
1797:
1087:
826:
806:
1944:
1706:
298:
258:
2241:
2220:
3496:
1977:
1524:
1119:
338:
1933:
1344:
1240:
1219:
1047:
928:
783:
598:
586:
576:
566:
414:
3535:
1922:
1807:
1504:
1470:
1448:
1355:
1322:
1301:
1130:
535:
392:
360:
318:
1900:
1817:
1767:
1695:
1654:
1564:
1426:
1152:
1140:
1067:
982:
971:
950:
886:
876:
795:
697:
685:
673:
651:
619:
382:
371:
115:
2060:
1878:
1757:
1685:
1675:
1604:
1594:
1493:
1437:
1333:
1270:
1198:
1175:
916:
866:
846:
816:
728:
495:
465:
403:
349:
287:
2010:
1988:
1966:
1911:
1787:
1481:
1260:
1229:
1024:
1003:
960:
906:
751:
739:
328:
277:
2412:
2385:
1955:
1281:
856:
836:
662:
193:. Over 500 living species of venerid bivalves are known, most of which are edible, and many of which are exploited as food sources.
3470:
2077:
species, for example, have the triangular outline of the surf clams in other bivalve families, and occur often in surf zones. Some
639:
3509:
939:
546:
130:
2184:
3514:
2368:
2362:
2376:
2206:
3584:
3540:
2358:
2050:
Dentition of venerid bivalve; Wadi Umm
Ghudran Formation (Late Cretaceous, early Campanian), near Amman, Jordan
3522:
2405:
2313:
3431:
3408:
2190:
2333:
3208:
3436:
2297:
53:
3617:
3550:
2997:
2972:
2277:
2175:
Barrett, J. H. and C. M. Yonge, 1958. Collins Pocket Guide to the Sea Shore. P. 158. Collins, London
3333:
3029:
2785:
2398:
2354:
3589:
2151:
3290:
3193:
2868:
2779:
2591:
2533:
2444:
2248:
2261:
3576:
3348:
3283:
2929:
2896:
2496:
2340:
3571:
3501:
3243:
3219:
3203:
2774:
2762:
2649:
2304:
2085:
3563:
218:
of the family, therefore changes in the generic name of species are frequently encountered.
3395:
2924:
2827:
2752:
2624:
2586:
2523:
2459:
8:
3386:
3238:
3024:
3612:
2944:
2847:
2837:
2822:
2817:
2726:
2718:
2713:
2581:
2501:
2491:
2449:
2268:
2133:
1534:
992:
308:
215:
48:
3558:
3444:
3276:
3253:
3170:
3056:
3013:
3007:
2978:
2967:
2703:
2698:
2634:
2629:
2486:
2202:
2129:
2113:
177:
2137:
3449:
3165:
3117:
3067:
3061:
3002:
2939:
2832:
2768:
2568:
2475:
2125:
2095:
are short and united, except at the tip, and are not very long. The foot is large.
2092:
1584:
1365:
223:
3400:
3413:
2949:
2934:
2919:
2914:
2518:
2507:
2380:
2320:
2066:
1858:
1415:
762:
40:
3527:
3371:
3317:
3307:
3248:
3198:
3188:
3092:
2863:
2842:
2757:
2693:
2673:
1869:
1250:
2187:. Lawrence, Kansas (Geological Society of America & University of Kansas).
3606:
3312:
3213:
3106:
3099:
3019:
2891:
2886:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2644:
2596:
2576:
2198:
2046:
1514:
454:
434:
424:
152:
3322:
2959:
2481:
2284:
2227:
1624:
1107:
1036:
485:
2373:
3483:
3423:
3380:
3125:
2852:
2732:
2708:
2639:
2619:
2601:
2538:
2513:
2289:
2253:
2232:
1634:
1544:
1385:
1077:
1057:
475:
172:
3157:
3083:
2800:
2469:
2325:
2152:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Veneridae Rafinesque, 1815"
2055:
2031:
1777:
1747:
1664:
1614:
896:
772:
707:
234:
3488:
3457:
3130:
3073:
3048:
2654:
2543:
2464:
2035:
1726:
1458:
1405:
1375:
1097:
609:
556:
525:
505:
444:
267:
214:
attempts to bring a more valid organization to the classification or
198:
65:
3475:
3342:
2026:
244:
3462:
3365:
2427:
1574:
1395:
105:
95:
85:
2390:
30:
3180:
3148:
2809:
2744:
2557:
2454:
2079:
2054:
Shell sculpture tends to be primarily concentric, but radial and
1716:
1554:
1291:
1187:
1163:
717:
190:
187:
2857:
3267:
2906:
2665:
2611:
2528:
2112:
Chen, Jun; Li, Qi; Kong, Lingfeng; Zheng, Xiaodong (May 2011).
2073:
1827:
1644:
1013:
75:
3230:
3039:
2989:
2878:
2549:
2039:
515:
254:
The following genera are recognised in the family
Veneridae:
183:
2436:
182:, are a very large family of minute to large, saltwater
2030:Venerid bivalve; Wadi Umm Ghudran Formation (Late
156:Left valve dentition of the shell of the venerid
3604:
2111:
2406:
3623:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
2413:
2399:
29:
2045:
2025:
243:
233:
151:
2088:on the group appear in the literature.
3605:
3347:
3346:
2394:
2185:Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
540:Alvarez, del RĂo & MartĂnez, 2019
3551:4eabf1ac-ce6e-4598-aa2d-b993d6cbddc3
2420:
13:
2363:American Museum of Natural History
14:
3634:
2348:
1772:Hertlein & A. M. Strong, 1948
1327:M. J. Alvarez & del RĂo, 2020
1192:M. J. Alvarez & del RĂo, 2020
1008:M. J. Alvarez & del RĂo, 2021
581:Fischer-Piette & Testud, 1967
229:
2369:Bibliography of venerid taxonomy
2332:
2312:
2296:
2276:
2260:
2240:
2219:
2130:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00471.x
1265:Hertlein & U. S. Grant, 1972
911:Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
841:Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
52:
2359:Field Museum of Natural History
2357:A major project of the Chicago
2071:adapted to their environments.
2199:William Collins Publishers Ltd
2169:
2144:
2105:
2021:
1:
2201:, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
2098:
1316:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857
2235:, a member of the Dosiniinae
1690:U. S. Grant & Gale, 1931
480:U. S. Grant & Gale, 1931
303:S. Erdmann & Morra, 1985
7:
208:
10:
3639:
2355:Taxonomy on the half shell
2212:
1949:Dailey & Popenoe, 1966
1589:Megerle von MĂŒhlfeld, 1811
1420:Megerle von MĂŒhlfeld, 1811
733:Finlay & Marwick, 1937
3355:
3331:
3300:
3266:
3229:
3179:
3156:
3147:
3116:
3082:
3047:
3038:
2988:
2958:
2915:Black-foot opihi/Hawaiian
2905:
2877:
2808:
2799:
2743:
2664:
2610:
2567:
2435:
2426:
2365:on Venerid classification
530:Rehder & Abbott, 1951
143:
138:
49:Scientific classification
47:
37:
28:
23:
2786:Placopecten magellanicus
2630:New Zealand green-lipped
2374:VENERIDAE - www.chez.com
3291:Acanthopleura granulata
2860:(group of four species)
2249:Austrovenus stutchburyi
3284:Acanthopleura echinata
3194:Atlantic white-spotted
2645:Asian/Philippine green
2341:Venerupis senegalensis
2064:), and rarely spines (
2051:
2043:
251:
241:
160:
3572:Paleobiology Database
3220:Amphioctopus fangsiao
2864:South African abalone
2736:("true oyster" genus)
2502:California butterclam
2305:Mercenaria mercenaria
2156:www.marinespecies.org
2086:molecular systematics
2049:
2029:
1072:P. P. Carpenter, 1864
282:P. P. Carpenter, 1864
247:
237:
203:Mercenaria mercenaria
158:Mercenaria mercenaria
155:
2945:Ribbed Mediterranean
2460:Grooved carpet shell
2379:20 June 2008 at the
2195:New Zealand Mollusca
2940:Rayed Mediterranean
2534:Japanese littleneck
2058:ornamentation (see
1894:R. N. Gardner, 2005
1255:F. C. Schmidt, 1818
500:F. R. Bernard, 1982
3313:Land snail farming
2727:Gillardeau oysters
2445:Atlantic jackknife
2269:Chamelea striatula
2052:
2044:
1960:Jukes-Browne, 1908
1905:Jukes-Browne, 1908
1782:Jukes-Browne, 1914
1559:Jukes-Browne, 1914
1213:Jukes-Browne, 1914
987:Jukes-Browne, 1908
955:F. E. Turner, 1938
944:Conrad, 1870
292:Jukes-Browne, 1914
252:
242:
161:
16:Family of bivalves
3600:
3599:
3559:Open Tree of Life
3349:Taxon identifiers
3340:
3339:
3318:Gastropod anatomy
3277:Chiton magnificus
3262:
3261:
3239:New Zealand arrow
3143:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3014:Kelletia lischkei
2979:Littorina sitkana
2925:Yellow-foot opihi
2795:
2794:
2689:Colchester native
2118:Zoologica Scripta
861:C. B. Adams, 1847
511:
409:
377:
150:
149:
134:
3630:
3618:Bivalve families
3593:
3592:
3580:
3579:
3567:
3566:
3554:
3553:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3530:
3528:NHMSYS0021054864
3518:
3517:
3505:
3504:
3492:
3491:
3479:
3478:
3466:
3465:
3453:
3452:
3440:
3439:
3427:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3404:
3403:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3344:
3343:
3154:
3153:
3068:Chorus giganteus
3045:
3044:
2806:
2805:
2769:Pecten jacobaeus
2476:Mactra stultorum
2433:
2432:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2336:
2316:
2300:
2280:
2264:
2244:
2223:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2109:
2016:
2015:Goncharova, 1981
2005:
1994:
1983:
1972:
1961:
1950:
1939:
1928:
1917:
1916:Goncharova, 1981
1906:
1895:
1884:
1864:
1854:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1813:
1803:
1793:
1783:
1773:
1763:
1753:
1752:Schumacher, 1817
1743:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1701:
1691:
1681:
1670:
1660:
1650:
1649:J. E. Gray, 1835
1640:
1630:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1539:Schumacher, 1817
1530:
1520:
1519:Schumacher, 1817
1510:
1499:
1498:Rafinesque, 1815
1487:
1476:
1464:
1454:
1443:
1432:
1421:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1381:
1371:
1361:
1350:
1349:Goncharova, 1986
1339:
1328:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1246:
1235:
1225:
1214:
1204:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1158:
1146:
1136:
1125:
1113:
1103:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1042:
1030:
1019:
1009:
998:
988:
977:
976:Desmoulins, 1828
966:
956:
945:
934:
922:
912:
902:
892:
882:
872:
862:
852:
842:
832:
822:
821:Jousseaume, 1888
812:
811:Schumacher, 1817
801:
789:
788:P. Fischer, 1887
778:
768:
757:
745:
734:
723:
713:
703:
691:
679:
668:
657:
645:
644:Jousseaume, 1894
635:
625:
615:
604:
592:
582:
572:
562:
552:
541:
531:
521:
509:
501:
491:
481:
471:
460:
450:
440:
430:
420:
407:
398:
388:
375:
366:
355:
344:
334:
324:
314:
304:
293:
283:
273:
263:
239:Marcia marmorata
129:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3588:
3583:
3575:
3570:
3562:
3557:
3549:
3547:
3539:
3534:
3526:
3521:
3513:
3508:
3500:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3474:
3469:
3461:
3456:
3448:
3443:
3435:
3430:
3422:
3420:
3412:
3407:
3399:
3394:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3351:
3341:
3336:
3327:
3323:Bivalve anatomy
3296:
3258:
3244:Japanese flying
3225:
3175:
3135:
3112:
3078:
3034:
2984:
2954:
2935:Common European
2901:
2873:
2791:
2775:Peruvian calico
2739:
2660:
2657:(mussel family)
2606:
2563:
2508:Senilia senilis
2422:
2421:Edible mollusks
2419:
2381:Wayback Machine
2351:
2344:
2337:
2328:
2321:Pitar lupanaria
2317:
2308:
2301:
2292:
2281:
2272:
2265:
2256:
2245:
2236:
2224:
2215:
2191:Powell A. W. B.
2180:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2067:Pitar lupanaria
2024:
2019:
2014:
2003:
2000:Trigonocallista
1992:
1981:
1970:
1959:
1948:
1937:
1926:
1915:
1904:
1893:
1890:Austrocardilanx
1882:
1862:
1852:
1841:
1831:
1821:
1811:
1801:
1798:Protocallithaca
1791:
1781:
1771:
1761:
1751:
1741:
1730:
1720:
1710:
1699:
1689:
1679:
1668:
1658:
1648:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1578:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1518:
1508:
1497:
1485:
1474:
1462:
1452:
1441:
1430:
1419:
1410:Chiamenti, 1900
1409:
1399:
1390:Chiamenti, 1900
1389:
1380:Stoliczka, 1870
1379:
1369:
1359:
1348:
1337:
1326:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1285:
1274:
1264:
1254:
1244:
1233:
1223:
1212:
1202:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1157:Stoliczka, 1870
1156:
1144:
1134:
1123:
1112:Stoliczka, 1870
1111:
1101:
1091:
1081:
1071:
1061:
1052:F. Hodson, 1931
1051:
1041:d'Orbigny, 1840
1040:
1028:
1017:
1007:
996:
986:
975:
964:
954:
943:
932:
920:
910:
900:
890:
880:
870:
860:
850:
840:
831:L. R. Cox, 1930
830:
820:
810:
799:
787:
776:
766:
755:
743:
732:
721:
711:
701:
689:
677:
666:
655:
643:
633:
623:
613:
602:
590:
580:
570:
560:
550:
539:
529:
519:
499:
489:
479:
469:
458:
448:
438:
428:
418:
396:
386:
364:
353:
342:
332:
322:
312:
302:
291:
281:
271:
261:
232:
211:
128:
51:
41:Venus verrucosa
17:
12:
11:
5:
3636:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3581:
3568:
3555:
3545:
3532:
3519:
3506:
3493:
3480:
3467:
3454:
3441:
3428:
3418:
3405:
3392:
3377:
3361:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3308:Oyster farming
3304:
3302:
3301:Related topics
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3122:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3093:Cornu aspersum
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3064:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2729:
2724:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2602:Giant Atlantic
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2524:Triangle shell
2521:
2516:
2511:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2371:
2366:
2350:
2349:External links
2347:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2329:
2318:
2311:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2282:
2275:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2257:
2246:
2239:
2237:
2225:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2188:
2178:
2177:
2168:
2143:
2124:(3): 260â271.
2103:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2006:
1995:
1993:Korobkov, 1954
1984:
1973:
1971:Deshayes, 1858
1962:
1951:
1940:
1929:
1927:Fletcher, 1938
1918:
1907:
1896:
1885:
1870:Incertae sedis
1866:
1865:
1863:Linnaeus, 1758
1855:
1844:
1842:T. Brown, 1827
1834:
1824:
1814:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1733:
1723:
1721:E. Römer, 1857
1713:
1702:
1692:
1682:
1671:
1661:
1659:Cossmann, 1920
1651:
1641:
1631:
1621:
1611:
1601:
1591:
1581:
1571:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1511:
1489:
1488:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1453:Cossmann, 1886
1444:
1442:Cossmann, 1886
1433:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1372:
1362:
1360:Fletcher, 1938
1351:
1340:
1329:
1318:
1308:
1298:
1288:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1247:
1236:
1226:
1215:
1205:
1194:
1171:
1170:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1115:
1114:
1104:
1094:
1084:
1082:Deshayes, 1855
1074:
1064:
1054:
1032:
1031:
1029:Cossmann, 1886
1020:
1010:
999:
989:
978:
967:
957:
946:
924:
923:
913:
903:
893:
883:
873:
863:
853:
843:
833:
823:
813:
791:
790:
779:
769:
767:Deshayes, 1853
747:
746:
735:
724:
714:
704:
702:Cossmann, 1910
690:Deshayes, 1853
681:
680:
669:
667:Deshayes, 1850
656:Frizzell, 1936
647:
646:
636:
626:
616:
603:Frizzell, 1936
594:
593:
583:
573:
563:
553:
542:
532:
522:
512:
502:
492:
482:
472:
461:
451:
441:
431:
421:
411:
399:
389:
379:
376:Douvillé, 1921
367:
356:
354:Cossmann, 1886
345:
335:
333:M. Huber, 2010
325:
323:A. Adams, 1864
315:
305:
299:Austrocallista
294:
284:
274:
259:Callocardiinae
256:
231:
230:Classification
228:
210:
207:
148:
147:
141:
140:
136:
135:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
45:
44:
38:Left valve of
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3635:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3204:Pacific giant
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3107:Helix pomatia
3104:
3102:
3101:
3100:Helix lucorum
3097:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2720:Ostra chilena
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2625:Mediterranean
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2553:(razor genus)
2552:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Pacific razor
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Atlantic surf
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2207:0-00-216906-1
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2172:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2048:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1978:Pseudamiantis
1974:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1938:Tegland, 1929
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1853:Marwick, 1927
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1832:Marwick, 1927
1830:
1829:
1825:
1822:del Rio, 1997
1820:
1819:
1815:
1812:Iredale, 1929
1810:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1792:Iredale, 1925
1790:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1742:Marwick, 1927
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1711:Marwick, 1927
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1680:Marwick, 1927
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1599:Iredale, 1924
1597:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1525:Anomalodiscus
1522:
1517:
1516:
1515:Anomalocardia
1512:
1509:Ihering, 1907
1507:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1463:Lamarck, 1818
1461:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1245:Kautsky, 1929
1243:
1242:
1237:
1234:Iredale, 1924
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:Marwick, 1927
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:Marwick, 1927
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1120:Samarangiinae
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:Lamarck, 1801
1100:
1099:
1095:
1092:Lamarck, 1818
1090:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1000:
997:Lamarck, 1799
995:
994:
990:
985:
984:
979:
974:
973:
968:
963:
962:
958:
953:
952:
947:
942:
941:
937:
936:
935:
931:
930:
921:Iredale, 1936
919:
918:
914:
909:
908:
904:
899:
898:
894:
889:
888:
884:
879:
878:
874:
871:Iredale, 1924
869:
868:
864:
859:
858:
854:
849:
848:
844:
839:
838:
834:
829:
828:
824:
819:
818:
814:
809:
808:
804:
803:
802:
800:Stewart, 1930
798:
797:
786:
785:
780:
775:
774:
770:
765:
764:
760:
759:
758:
754:
753:
744:Marwick, 1927
742:
741:
736:
731:
730:
725:
722:Scopoli, 1777
720:
719:
715:
710:
709:
705:
700:
699:
694:
693:
692:
688:
687:
676:
675:
670:
665:
664:
660:
659:
658:
654:
653:
642:
641:
637:
632:
631:
627:
624:Stewart, 1930
622:
621:
617:
612:
611:
607:
606:
605:
601:
600:
589:
588:
584:
579:
578:
574:
569:
568:
564:
559:
558:
554:
551:Marwick, 1938
549:
548:
543:
538:
537:
533:
528:
527:
523:
518:
517:
513:
508:
507:
503:
498:
497:
493:
490:Iredale, 1924
488:
487:
483:
478:
477:
473:
468:
467:
462:
457:
456:
455:Macrocallista
452:
447:
446:
442:
437:
436:
435:Lamelliconcha
432:
427:
426:
425:Hysteroconcha
422:
417:
416:
412:
406:
405:
400:
395:
394:
390:
385:
384:
380:
374:
373:
368:
363:
362:
357:
352:
351:
346:
341:
340:
339:Costellipitar
336:
331:
330:
326:
321:
320:
316:
311:
310:
306:
301:
300:
295:
290:
289:
285:
280:
279:
275:
270:
269:
265:
264:
260:
255:
250:
249:Sunetta meroe
246:
240:
236:
227:
225:
219:
217:
206:
204:
200:
194:
192:
189:
185:
181:
179:
174:
170:
166:
159:
154:
146:
142:
137:
132:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
112:Superfamily:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
43:
42:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3356:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3218:
3209:Southern red
3105:
3098:
3091:
3066:
3040:Other snails
3012:
2977:
2784:
2767:
2753:Atlantic bay
2731:
2719:
2684:Southern mud
2556:
2548:
2506:
2487:Ocean quahog
2474:
2339:
2319:
2303:
2285:Irus elegans
2283:
2267:
2247:
2228:Dosinia anus
2226:
2194:
2171:
2159:. Retrieved
2155:
2146:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2090:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2056:divaricating
2053:
2009:
2004:Rennie, 1930
1998:
1987:
1982:Kuroda, 1933
1976:
1965:
1954:
1943:
1934:Katherinella
1932:
1921:
1910:
1899:
1888:
1883:Conrad, 1869
1877:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1847:
1836:
1826:
1816:
1806:
1802:Nomura, 1937
1796:
1786:
1776:
1766:
1762:Olsson, 1964
1756:
1746:
1736:
1731:Conrad, 1863
1725:
1715:
1705:
1700:Olsson, 1961
1694:
1684:
1674:
1663:
1653:
1643:
1633:
1625:Circomphalus
1623:
1619:Olsson, 1932
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1553:
1549:Finlay, 1926
1543:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1503:
1492:
1490:
1480:
1469:
1467:
1457:
1447:
1436:
1425:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1370:Röding, 1798
1364:
1354:
1345:Neovenerella
1343:
1332:
1321:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1286:Conrad, 1858
1280:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1241:Gomphomarcia
1239:
1228:
1220:Cyclorismina
1218:
1207:
1197:
1186:
1174:
1172:
1162:
1151:
1149:
1139:
1135:Hedley, 1906
1129:
1118:
1116:
1108:Petricolaria
1106:
1096:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1056:
1048:Asaphinoides
1046:
1037:Petricolinae
1035:
1033:
1023:
1012:
1002:
991:
981:
970:
959:
949:
938:
929:Meretricinae
927:
925:
915:
905:
895:
885:
875:
865:
855:
851:Röding, 1798
845:
835:
825:
815:
805:
794:
792:
784:Plesiastarte
782:
777:Conrad, 1862
771:
761:
750:
748:
738:
727:
716:
706:
696:
684:
682:
678:Conrad, 1864
672:
661:
650:
648:
638:
634:Conrad, 1845
628:
618:
608:
599:Clementiinae
597:
595:
587:Veneriglossa
585:
577:Transenpitar
575:
567:Transennella
565:
561:Conrad, 1837
555:
545:
534:
524:
514:
504:
494:
486:Notocallista
484:
474:
470:Finlay, 1930
464:
453:
443:
433:
423:
415:Hyphantosoma
413:
408:Tamura, 1977
402:
391:
381:
370:
359:
348:
337:
327:
317:
307:
297:
286:
276:
266:
253:
248:
238:
220:
212:
202:
195:
176:
168:
164:
162:
157:
144:
125:
39:
18:
3484:iNaturalist
3381:Wikispecies
3254:Neon flying
2960:Periwinkles
2920:Turtle/talc
2853:Green ormer
2763:New Zealand
2733:Crassostrea
2714:Sydney rock
2592:New Zealand
2514:Smooth clam
2482:Blunt gaper
2290:New Zealand
2254:New Zealand
2233:New Zealand
2161:23 November
2022:Description
1923:Frigichione
1808:Proxichione
1635:Clausinella
1629:Mörch, 1853
1579:Mörch, 1853
1545:Austrovenus
1505:Ameghinomya
1486:Alder, 1848
1475:Clark, 1855
1471:Turtoniinae
1449:Veneritapes
1431:Sacco, 1900
1386:Polititapes
1356:Paleomarcia
1338:Sacco, 1900
1323:Marciachlys
1302:Macridiscus
1275:Römer, 1857
1131:Granicorium
1078:Lajonkairia
1062:Jonas, 1844
1058:Choristodon
965:Mörch, 1853
901:Cosel, 1995
536:Proteopitar
520:Römer, 1857
476:Megapitaria
449:Mörch, 1853
393:Ezocallista
365:Conrad 1864
361:Dosiniopsis
319:Callocardia
201:or quahog,
173:common name
3607:Categories
3171:Bottletail
3158:Cuttlefish
3118:Freshwater
3062:Korean mud
3025:Pear whelk
2801:Gastropods
2758:Great/king
2704:Windowpane
2699:Portuguese
2635:California
2539:Razor clam
2519:Soft-shell
2386:ZipCodeZoo
2326:Costa Rica
2099:References
2032:Cretaceous
1901:Callistina
1818:Retrotapes
1778:Periglypta
1768:Paphonotia
1748:Mercenaria
1696:Iliochione
1669:Coen, 1934
1665:Globivenus
1655:Eurhomalea
1639:Gray, 1851
1615:Chionopsis
1609:Keen, 1958
1569:Dall, 1902
1565:Callithaca
1529:Dall, 1902
1491:Subfamily
1468:Subfamily
1427:Taurotapes
1400:Dall, 1902
1306:Dall, 1902
1296:Dall, 1870
1209:Cryptonema
1180:Gray, 1851
1173:Subfamily
1168:Link, 1807
1153:Sunettinae
1150:Subfamily
1145:Dall, 1902
1141:Samarangia
1124:Keen, 1969
1117:Subfamily
1068:Cooperella
1034:Subfamily
1018:Link, 1807
983:Meretrissa
972:Gratelupia
951:Eomeretrix
933:Gray, 1847
926:Subfamily
897:Parvicirce
891:Habe, 1951
887:Microcirce
881:Habe, 1951
877:Laevicirce
796:Gouldiinae
793:Subfamily
773:Parastarte
756:Dall, 1895
749:Subfamily
712:Dall, 1902
708:Cyclinella
698:Cordiopsis
686:Dosiniinae
683:Subfamily
674:Cyprimeria
652:Cyclininae
649:Subfamily
620:Compsomyax
614:Gray, 1842
596:Subfamily
591:Dall, 1886
571:Dall, 1884
510:Dall, 1902
459:Meek, 1876
439:Dall, 1902
429:Dall, 1902
419:Dall, 1902
397:Kira, 1959
387:Dall, 1902
383:Eucallista
372:Eocallista
343:Habe, 1951
313:Poli, 1791
272:Dall, 1902
262:Dall, 1895
257:Subfamily
131:Rafinesque
116:Veneroidea
24:Veneridae
3613:Veneridae
3414:Veneridae
3401:Veneridae
3387:Veneridae
3357:Veneridae
3166:Spineless
3030:Lightning
2998:Channeled
2655:Mytilidae
2544:Pod razor
2465:Hard clam
2061:Gafrarium
2036:Campanian
1879:Aphrodina
1758:Panchione
1727:Lirophora
1686:Humilaria
1676:Hinemoana
1605:Chionista
1595:Chioneryx
1494:Venerinae
1459:Venerupis
1438:Venerella
1406:Ruditapes
1376:Paratapes
1334:Myrsopsis
1271:Katelysia
1199:Atamarcia
1176:Tapetinae
1098:Petricola
917:Redicirce
867:Gouldiopa
847:Gafrarium
817:Circenita
729:Dosinobia
610:Clementia
557:Saxidomus
526:Pitarenus
506:Pelecyora
496:Nutricola
466:Marwickia
445:Lioconcha
404:Goshoraia
350:Dollfusia
288:Aphrodora
268:Agriopoma
199:hard clam
186:, marine
165:Veneridae
145:See text
126:Veneridae
72:Kingdom:
66:Eukaryota
3421:BioLib:
3372:Q1233703
3366:Wikidata
3334:Category
3249:Humboldt
3199:Big blue
3057:Mud-flat
3008:Kellet's
2848:Greenlip
2843:Blacklip
2745:Scallops
2428:Bivalves
2377:Archived
2361:and the
2138:82676170
2042:, Jordan
2038:), near
2034:, early
2011:Urbnisia
1989:Rzehakia
1967:Psathura
1912:Ergenica
1838:Timoclea
1788:Placamen
1575:Chamelea
1535:Antigona
1482:Turtonia
1396:Protapes
1261:Irusella
1230:Eumarcia
1025:Tivelina
1004:Titomaya
993:Meretrix
961:Gomphina
907:Privigna
752:Gemminae
740:Kakahuia
329:Callpita
309:Callista
278:Amiantis
216:taxonomy
209:Taxonomy
191:molluscs
169:venerids
122:Family:
106:Venerida
96:Bivalvia
86:Mollusca
82:Phylum:
76:Animalia
62:Domain:
3268:Chitons
3181:Octopus
3149:Inkfish
3131:Nerites
3020:Knobbed
2907:Limpets
2892:Elegant
2879:Conches
2869:Chilean
2810:Abalone
2694:Pacific
2679:Olympia
2674:Eastern
2666:Oysters
2612:Mussels
2569:Cockles
2558:Paphies
2455:Geoduck
2213:Gallery
2093:siphons
2080:Dosinia
1956:Meroena
1717:Leukoma
1555:Bassina
1292:Liocyma
1282:Legumen
1188:Adelfia
1164:Sunetta
857:Gouldia
837:Dorisca
718:Dosinia
663:Cyclina
188:bivalve
139:Genera
102:Order:
92:Class:
3564:198197
3548:NZOR:
3502:114170
3463:1VENEF
3189:Common
3074:Bailer
3003:Common
2990:Whelks
2973:Banded
2968:Common
2950:Rustic
2722:/Bluff
2597:Sydney
2587:Goolwa
2577:Common
2529:Tuatua
2205:
2136:
2074:Tivela
1828:Tawera
1738:Marama
1645:Dosina
1585:Chione
1366:Paphia
1312:Marcia
1014:Tivela
640:Kyrina
630:Egesta
410:
378:
224:lunule
133:, 1815
3585:WoRMS
3577:62779
3515:81439
3497:IRMNG
3489:50588
3450:7NLJB
3424:16398
3231:Squid
3214:Mimic
3126:Apple
2930:China
2887:Queen
2833:Green
2828:Black
2818:White
2780:Yesso
2640:Brown
2582:Blood
2550:Ensis
2497:Venus
2470:Horse
2437:Clams
2324:from
2288:from
2252:from
2231:from
2134:S2CID
2040:Amman
1859:Venus
1849:Turia
1416:Tapes
1088:Mysia
940:Aeora
827:Comus
807:Circe
763:Gemma
547:Rohea
516:Pitar
184:clams
180:clams
178:Venus
3541:6592
3536:NCBI
3510:ITIS
3476:3445
3471:GBIF
3458:EPPO
3432:BOLD
3084:Land
2858:PÄua
2838:Pink
2709:Rock
2650:Date
2620:Blue
2203:ISBN
2163:2022
1945:Loxo
1707:Kuia
1251:Irus
163:The
3590:243
3523:NBN
3445:CoL
3437:680
3409:AFD
3396:ADW
3049:Sea
2897:Dog
2823:Red
2126:doi
167:or
3609::
3587::
3574::
3561::
3538::
3525::
3512::
3499::
3486::
3473::
3460::
3447::
3434::
3411::
3398::
3383::
3368::
2197:,
2193:,
2154:.
2132:.
2122:40
2120:.
2116:.
205:.
175::
171:,
2414:e
2407:t
2400:v
2165:.
2140:.
2128::
2008:â
1997:â
1986:â
1975:â
1964:â
1953:â
1942:â
1931:â
1920:â
1909:â
1898:â
1887:â
1876:â
1846:â
1735:â
1704:â
1673:â
1446:â
1435:â
1424:â
1353:â
1342:â
1331:â
1320:â
1279:â
1238:â
1217:â
1196:â
1185:â
1022:â
1001:â
980:â
969:â
948:â
781:â
737:â
726:â
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671:â
544:â
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296:â
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