53:
927:
31:
466:
Velvetfishes get their name from the modified, prickly scales which cover the body and give the fish a velvety appearance, although there are some species which do not have these modified scales and have smooth skin, They typically have knobby lumps on the head, although sometimes there may be sharp
475:
has its origin over or nearly above the eye. The first 3 to 5 dorsal fin spines may be separate, from the rest of the dorsal fin and can be raised or have almost no membrane between them. These separate spines form a separate fin in 4 species. The
170:, of marine ray-finned fishes classified within the order Scorpaeniformes. They are small fish that have skin with a velvet texture. They live on the sea bottom close to the shore, at depths of up to 100 metres (330 ft). They are found in the
524:
Velvetfishes are found mainly in the eastern Indian and western
Pacific Oceans, but some species are found in the eastern Indian Ocean. The adults are found among vegetation or over rocky, shelly, coral rubble or coralline algae substrates.
221:
because all of these fish have a curved sabre-like lacrimal spine that can project, using a switch-blade-like mechanism, out from underneath their eye. The name of the family is taken from that of the type genus,
783:"Order Perciformes (Part 10): Suborder Scorpaenoidei: Families Apistidae, Tetrarogidae, Synanceiidae, Aploacrinidae, Perryenidae, Eschmeyeridae, Pataecidae, Gnathanacanthidae, Congiopodidae and Zanclorhynchidae"
417:
729:"Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Flatheads, Scorpionfishes, Sea Robins, and Stonefishes (Percomorpha: Scorpaeniformes) and the Evolution of the Lachrymal Saber"
812:
506:
very far forward, just to the rear of the base of the pelvic fins. These are small fishes with the largest species being the roughskin scorpionfish (
537:
hiding amongst algae or rubble on or in the vicinity of rocky and coral reefs. The spines in the fin are venom bearing. Little is known about their
350:
1080:
1106:
291:
1198:
1193:
1054:
1093:
767:
660:
1098:
623:
1155:
1111:
822:
879:
443:
52:
1020:
1015:
1002:
852:
217:. The results of some studies suggest that the velvetfishes into an expanded stonefish clade, the family
1137:
1160:
1188:
768:"Stonefish are already scary, and now scientists have found they have switchblades in their heads"
728:
980:
931:
274:
1203:
1183:
942:
508:
1085:
494:
261:
1147:
1124:
1041:
989:
808:
675:
566:
367:
8:
195:
190:
133:
545:, the large pectoral fins develop early as an adaptation to their pelagic mode of life.
748:
704:
677:
186:
129:
47:
994:
1119:
1028:
1007:
817:
709:
656:
619:
596:
574:
564:
314:
248:
39:
752:
230:, meaning "ray", presumed to refer to the simple, unbranched soft rays of the fins.
902:
740:
699:
689:
646:
586:
534:
533:
Velvetfishes are uncommon and little-known. These fishes are very well camouflaged
354:
278:
163:
1033:
499:
371:
345:
210:
207:
104:
965:
430:
412:
392:
384:
337:
299:
94:
726:
694:
591:
1177:
848:
570:
489:
203:
183:
114:
484:
are very large. In most species there is a fleshy extension on the anterior
713:
600:
513:
485:
481:
451:
402:
379:
362:
286:
243:
218:
171:
1067:
974:
676:
Ricardo
Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017).
650:
542:
214:
182:
Aploactinidae was first formally recognised as a family by the
American
645:
477:
472:
309:
744:
1072:
782:
438:
332:
269:
238:
The following genera are classified within the family
Aploactinidae:
64:
1059:
936:
780:
727:
Smith, W. Leo; Smith, Elizabeth; Richardson, Clara (February 2018).
614:
Eschmeyer, William N. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
226:. which is a compound of "haplo" meaning "single" or "simple", and
959:
926:
857:
781:
Christopher
Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 March 2022).
538:
468:
322:
256:
200:
84:
30:
467:
spines. All of the fin rays are unbranched and the spines in the
425:
74:
1132:
1046:
492:
and no gill slit to the rear of last gill arch. One species,
503:
807:
213:. Other authorities place the Scorpaenoidei within the
613:
811:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
1175:
787:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
765:
480:has a single spine and 2 or 3 soft rays, the
471:are normally weakly developed and blunt. The
678:"Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes"
789:. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara
519:
900:
843:
841:
839:
618:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 176.
29:
703:
693:
655:(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495.
641:
639:
637:
635:
590:
720:
649:; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
847:
836:
560:
558:
206:which in turn is classified within the
1176:
774:
669:
632:
502:, uniquely among scorpaenoids has its
941:
940:
874:
872:
870:
868:
575:"Family-group names of Recent fishes"
1138:865687AC-8E5F-4430-FF0F-0AA0FDB47902
894:
882:. Australian Museum. 12 October 2018
813:"Genera in the family Aploactininae"
555:
801:
541:behaviour but they do have pelagic
13:
865:
607:
461:
14:
1215:
1199:Taxa named by Edwin Chapin Starks
199:classifies the family within the
1194:Taxa named by David Starr Jordan
925:
766:Willingham, AJ (13 April 2018).
512:) which has a maximum published
51:
516:of 13.1 cm (5.2 in).
823:California Academy of Sciences
759:
1:
903:"Velvetfishes, APLOACTINIDAE"
880:"Aploactinidae: Velvetfishes"
548:
488:. There are no teeth on the
7:
193:in 1904.The 5th edition of
177:
10:
1220:
528:
456:Poss & Eschmeyer, 1980
407:Poss & Eschmeyer, 1979
949:
695:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
592:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1
233:
146:
141:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
861:. February 2022 version.
851:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
682:BMC Evolutionary Biology
520:Distribution and habitat
327:Jordan & Starks 1904
853:"Family Aploactinidae"
616:Encyclopedia of Fishes
565:Richard van der Laan;
509:Cocotropus monacanthus
809:Eschmeyer, William N.
495:Prosoproctus pataecus
567:William N. Eschmeyer
907:Fishes of Australia
901:Bray, D.J. (2017).
652:Fishes of the World
196:Fishes of the World
191:Edwin Chapin Starks
156:Little velvetfishes
909:. Museums Victoria
187:David Starr Jordan
1171:
1170:
1120:Open Tree of Life
943:Taxon identifiers
818:Catalog of Fishes
745:10.1643/CG-17-669
662:978-1-118-34233-6
457:
447:
434:
421:
408:
398:
388:
375:
358:
341:
328:
318:
305:
295:
282:
265:
252:
153:
152:
137:
40:Cocotropus roseus
1211:
1164:
1163:
1151:
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1128:
1127:
1115:
1114:
1102:
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1063:
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1050:
1049:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1023:
1011:
1010:
998:
997:
985:
984:
983:
970:
969:
968:
938:
937:
930:Data related to
929:
919:
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891:
889:
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862:
845:
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673:
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666:
643:
630:
629:
611:
605:
604:
594:
562:
535:ambush predators
455:
442:
429:
416:
406:
396:
383:
366:
349:
336:
326:
313:
303:
290:
273:
260:
247:
128:
56:
55:
33:
21:
20:
16:Family of fishes
1219:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1189:Scorpaeniformes
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1159:
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1144:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1110:
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1058:
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1045:
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1032:
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1019:
1014:
1006:
1001:
993:
988:
979:
978:
973:
964:
963:
958:
945:
934:at Wikispecies
923:
922:
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910:
899:
895:
885:
883:
878:
877:
866:
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837:
827:
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792:
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779:
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764:
760:
725:
721:
674:
670:
663:
644:
633:
626:
612:
608:
563:
556:
551:
531:
522:
500:South China Sea
464:
462:Characteristics
346:Matsubarichthys
236:
211:Scorpaeniformes
180:
127:
105:Scorpaeniformes
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1217:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1169:
1168:
1166:
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1103:
1090:
1077:
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1051:
1038:
1025:
1012:
999:
986:
971:
955:
953:
947:
946:
921:
920:
893:
864:
849:Froese, Rainer
835:
800:
773:
758:
719:
668:
661:
631:
624:
606:
585:(2): 001–230.
553:
552:
550:
547:
530:
527:
521:
518:
463:
460:
459:
458:
448:
435:
431:J. L. B. Smith
422:
413:Pseudopataecus
409:
399:
393:Peristrominous
389:
376:
359:
342:
329:
319:
306:
300:Bathyaploactis
296:
283:
266:
253:
235:
232:
184:ichthyologists
179:
176:
151:
150:
144:
143:
139:
138:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
95:Actinopterygii
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1216:
1205:
1204:Fish families
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Aploactinidae
1182:
1181:
1179:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
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1074:
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1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:Aploactinidae
1004:
1000:
996:
995:Aploactinidae
991:
987:
982:
981:Aploactinidae
976:
972:
967:
961:
957:
956:
954:
952:
951:Aploactinidae
948:
944:
939:
935:
933:
932:Aploactinidae
928:
908:
904:
897:
881:
875:
873:
871:
869:
860:
859:
854:
850:
844:
842:
840:
824:
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819:
814:
810:
804:
788:
784:
777:
769:
762:
754:
750:
746:
742:
739:(1): 94–119.
738:
734:
730:
723:
715:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
687:
683:
679:
672:
664:
658:
654:
653:
648:
642:
640:
638:
636:
627:
625:0-12-547665-5
621:
617:
610:
602:
598:
593:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:Ronald Fricke
568:
561:
559:
554:
546:
544:
540:
536:
526:
517:
515:
511:
510:
505:
501:
497:
496:
491:
487:
483:
482:pectoral fins
479:
474:
470:
454:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:
410:
405:
404:
400:
397:Whitley, 1952
395:
394:
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386:
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356:
352:
348:
347:
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311:
307:
304:Whitley, 1933
302:
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250:
246:
245:
241:
240:
239:
231:
229:
225:
220:
216:
212:
209:
205:
204:Scorpaenoidei
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
185:
175:
173:
169:
168:Aploactinidae
165:
161:
157:
149:
145:
140:
135:
131:
126:
125:Aploactinidae
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:Scorpaenoidei
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
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70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
24:Velvetfishes
22:
19:
950:
924:
911:. Retrieved
906:
896:
884:. Retrieved
856:
826:. Retrieved
816:
803:
791:. Retrieved
786:
776:
761:
736:
732:
722:
688:(162): 162.
685:
681:
671:
651:
647:J. S. Nelson
615:
609:
582:
578:
532:
523:
514:total length
507:
493:
465:
452:Xenaploactis
450:
437:
424:
411:
403:Prosoproctus
401:
391:
380:Paraploactis
378:
363:Neoaploactis
361:
344:
331:
321:
308:
298:
287:Aploactisoma
285:
268:
255:
244:Acanthosphex
242:
237:
227:
223:
219:Synanceiidae
194:
181:
172:Indo-Pacific
167:
160:velvetfishes
159:
155:
154:
147:
124:
38:
18:
1068:iNaturalist
975:Wikispecies
498:, from the
215:Perciformes
1178:Categories
549:References
478:pelvic fin
473:dorsal fin
444:Richardson
310:Cocotropus
158:or simply
111:Suborder:
490:palatines
439:Sthenopus
368:Eschmeyer
333:Kanekonia
292:Castelnau
270:Aploactis
224:Aploactis
148:see text
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
966:Q1755617
960:Wikidata
913:21 April
886:21 April
858:FishBase
828:20 April
793:22 April
753:91157582
714:28683774
601:25543675
573:(2014).
539:spawning
469:anal fin
323:Erisphex
279:Schlegel
275:Temminck
257:Adventor
201:suborder
178:Taxonomy
174:region.
121:Family:
85:Chordata
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
705:5501477
579:Zootaxa
529:Biology
486:isthmus
426:Ptarmus
418:Johnson
385:Bleeker
355:Johnson
262:Whitley
142:Genera
101:Order:
91:Class:
1161:154253
1148:113970
1145:uBio:
1125:279762
1112:178227
1099:167063
1086:110341
1021:148248
770:. CNN.
751:
733:Copeia
712:
702:
659:
622:
599:
569:&
543:larvae
446:, 1848
433:, 1947
420:, 2004
387:, 1864
374:, 1978
370:&
357:, 1991
353:&
340:, 1915
338:Tanaka
317:, 1858
294:, 1872
281:, 1843
277:&
264:, 1952
251:, 1938
249:Fowler
234:Genera
166:, the
164:family
162:are a
136:, 1904
134:Starks
132:&
130:Jordan
1156:WoRMS
1133:Plazi
1081:IRMNG
1073:85591
749:S2CID
372:Allen
228:actis
208:order
1107:NCBI
1094:ITIS
1060:5091
1055:GBIF
1047:5152
1016:BOLD
915:2022
888:2022
830:2022
795:2022
710:PMID
657:ISBN
620:ISBN
597:PMID
583:3882
504:anus
351:Poss
315:Kaup
189:and
1042:EoL
1034:6KN
1029:CoL
1003:AFD
990:ADW
741:doi
737:106
700:PMC
690:doi
587:doi
1180::
1158::
1135::
1122::
1109::
1096::
1083::
1070::
1057::
1044::
1031::
1018::
1005::
992::
977::
962::
905:.
867:^
855:.
838:^
821:.
815:.
785:.
747:.
735:.
731:.
708:.
698:.
686:17
684:.
680:.
634:^
595:.
581:.
577:.
557:^
917:.
890:.
832:.
797:.
755:.
743::
716:.
692::
665:.
628:.
603:.
589::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
