831:
1929:
801:
821:
771:
761:
811:
751:
791:
781:
48:
approval and mutual recognition of vehicle approvals, components, and parts. This was one of the first international agreements on vehicle regulation, which initially focused on
European countries. The European Union played a role in harmonizing regulations between member states. Later, the 1958 agreement was opened to non-European countries such as Japan, Korea, and Australia.
64:
economic dialogue, and assist countries in their intermingling into the global economy. UNECE attempts to maintain amicable relationships amongst other countries involving transport, trade, statistics, energy, forestry, housing, and land management (UN. ECE). UNECE is multisector that is a tool used to tackle hardships that may arise providing solutions when possible.
55:
There was a new international agreement in 1998 whose objectives were to improve global safety, decrease environmental pollution and consumption of energy and improve antiâtheft performance of vehicles and related components and equipment through establishing global technical regulations (GTRs) in a
47:
Some countries have had national regulations for a long time. The first steps toward harmonizing vehicle regulations internationally were made in 1952 when WP.29, a working party of experts on vehicles' technical requirements, was created. This resulted in the 1958 Agreement on uniform conditions of
31:
Government regulation in the automotive industry directly affects the way cars look, how their components are designed, the safety features that are included, and the overall performance of any given vehicle. As a result, these regulations also have a significant effect on the automotive business by
51:
To join the WP.29, one has to send a letter signed by an important official from their country or regional economic integration organization (REIO) informing the secretariat of WP.29 that they would like to participate in meetings regarding the harmonization of vehicle regulations (United
Nations).
63:
In 1947 the United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) was established to reconstruct Europe after the war took place, expand profitable activity, and nourish relationships between European countries and the rest of the nation. With the help of UNECE, it is used as policy dialogue,
2119:
Vehicles meeting EU standards offer reduced risk of serious injury in frontal/side crashes and have driverâside mirrors that reduce risk in lane-change crashes better, while vehicles meeting US standards provide a lower risk of injury in rollovers and have headlamps that make pedestrians more
52:
The next step to participate would be to get the registration form completed by delegates who are also attending the meeting. Other parties such as Non-Governmental
Organizations (NGOs) must be of certified advisory status to the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (ECOSOC).
2283:
32:
generally increasing production costs while also placing limitations on how cars are sold and marketed. Automotive regulations are designed to benefit the consumer and protect the environment, and automakers can face stiff fines and other penalties if they are not followed.
22:
are requirements that automobiles must satisfy in order to be approved for sale or use in a particular country or region. They are usually mandated by legislation, and administered by a government body. The regulations concern aspects such as lighting, controls,
2287:
2628:
2469:
Flannagan, Carol A.; b\Ue1Lint, Andr\ue1s; Klinich, Kathleen D.; Sander, Ulrich; Manary, Miriam A.; Cuny, Sophie; McCarthy, Michael; Phan, Vuthy; Wallbank, Caroline; Green, Paul E.; Sui, Bo; Forsman, \uc5sa; Fagerlind, Helen (2018).
2366:"Automotive Research and Development, Automotive Service Provider, India, Vehicle Type Certification, Automotive Testing and Calibration, Vehicle Design Labs, Advanced Automotive Design Standards, Automotive Engineering Course"
2072:
85, internal combustion engines or electric drive trains intended for the propulsion of motor vehicles of categories M and N with regard to the measurement of the net power and the maximum 30 minutes power of electric drive
2559:
ECE, UN. âWorld Forum For
Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29).â World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29): How It Works, How to Join It, Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), 2019,
2633:
167:
2581:
179:
Japan: Test
Requirements and Instructions for Automobile Standards. As a member of both the 1958 and the 1998 agreement Japan applies 64 regulations from those two set of regulations.
56:
Global
Registry based on UNECE Regulations or national regulations listed in a Compendium of candidates, GTR harmonizing them at the highest level. In 2000, WP.29 became the
2618:
2454:
2045:
64, vehicles with regard to their equipment which may include: a temporary use spare unit, run flat tyres and/or a run flat system and/or extended mobility tyres
2027:
50, front position lamps, rear position lamps, stop lamps, direction indicators and rear-registration-plate illuminating devices for vehicles of category L
87:
80:
57:
830:
2156:
677:
2039:
60, two-wheeled motor cycles and mopeds with regard to driver-operated controls including the identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators
2529:
331:
Measurement procedure for two-wheeled motorcycles (...) with regard to the emission of gaseous pollutants, CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption
141:
2608:
2588:
2563:
Nations, United. âGENERAL QUESTIONS RELATED TO WP.29 AND ITS SUBSIDIARY BODIES.â UNECE, ECOSOC, Feb. 2019, www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/faq.
2341:
744:
94:
2379:
1789:
1759:
1706:
2263:
2638:
2431:
1408:
90:). In the parties are Japan, Australia, Korea, Russia, European Union, United Kingdom, Canada, China, South Africa and the US.
2106:
may contain reference to a matching mapping of local requirements, for instance such mappings exists in appendix 2-C of the
2213:
2683:
2418:
2406:
2107:
2103:
2066:
80, seats of large passenger vehicles and of these vehicles with regard to the strength of the seats and their anchorages
222:
Status of the
Agreement, of the Global Registry and of the Compendium of Candidates, Revision 31, UNECE, 16 november2021
1781:
1458:
187:
2125:
Carol A. Flannagan, Andrée Bélint, ..., Comparing motor-vehicle crash risk of EU and US vehicles, 1 January 2015
1949:
7, front and rear position lamps, stop-lamps and end-outline marker lamps for motor vehicles and their trailers
202:
145:
2668:
2649:
2623:
183:
1891:
2574:
1864:
1751:
2093:
code 7: structures de protection montées à l'arriÚre des tracteurs agricoles et forestiers à voie étroite.
712:
EVAPorative emission test procedure for the
Worldwide harmonized Light vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP EVAP)
2090:
code 6: structures de protection montées à l'avant des tracteurs agricoles et forestiers [à voie étroite,
119:
2555:. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and Executive Committee -Sustainable Transport Division.
1928:
115:
2021:
46, devices for indirect vision and of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of these devices
2546:
27:, environment protection and theft protection, and might include safety belts or automated features.
1932:
Countries participating in the (1958 agreement) World Forum for
Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations
2000:
37, filament light sources for use in approved lamps of power-driven vehicles and of their trailers
1648:
2042:
62, power-driven vehicles with handlebars with regard to their protection against unauthorized use
2613:
392:
173:
97:). In the parties are Japan, Australia, Korea, Russia and the European Union and United Kingdom.
111:
2238:
1991:
28, audible warning devices and of motor vehicles with regard to their audible warning signals
2523:
176:) Australia applies some UNECE regulation such as regulation 16 and some FMVS 209 regulation.
2678:
2317:
8:
2673:
1516:
633:
Location, identification and operation of motorcycle controls, tell-tales and indicators
2511:
1943:
4, illumination of rear registration plates of power-driven vehicles and their trailers
1838:
2365:
60:
that is a working party of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).
2503:
1486:
928:
605:(...) agricultural and forestry tractors (...) emissions of pollutants by the engine
216:
158:
122:
which make some UNECE regulations applicable at a given date in its 27 member states.
2018:
45, headlamp cleaners, and of power-driven vehicles with regard to headlamp cleaners
1940:
3, approval of retro-reflecting devices for power-driven vehicles and their trailers
2515:
2493:
2483:
2030:
51, motor vehicles having at least four wheels with regard to their sound emissions
1136:
1958:
12, protection of the driver against the steering mechanism in the event of impact
2552:
24:
2264:"Electric Cars: The Role of Standards in Japan and Abroad - Japan Industry News"
2048:
66, large passenger vehicles with regard to the strength of their superstructure
1979:
23, reversing and manoeuvring lamps for power-driven vehicles and their trailers
1946:
6, approval of direction indicators for power-driven vehicles and their trailers
961:
870:
770:
107:
76:
2488:
2170:
193:
United Kingdom: inherited EU laws and might comply with some UNECE regulations
2662:
1982:
25, head restraints (headrests), whether or not incorporated in vehicle seats
760:
2507:
2188:
1077:
2498:
1378:
810:
163:
2471:
2060:
78, vehicles of categories L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5 with regard to braking
1164:
2566:
2553:"The World Forum for the harmonization of vehicle regulations (WP.29)"
1523:
1351:
1200:
1143:
1114:
899:
820:
991:
840:
217:
Global regulations and their relation with national / regional law
2239:"Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 4/05 - Seatbelts) 2012"
2006:
39, speedometer and odometer equipment including its installation
1936:
Japan applies and is a member of the following UNECE regulations
2468:
2214:"The "New NAFTA" and its Effects on Safety and the Environment"
2012:
43, safety glazing materials and their installation on vehicles
2003:
38, rear fog lamps for power-driven vehicles and their trailers
1698:
750:
2171:"World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29)"
2157:"How Does Government Regulation Affect the Automotive Sector?"
2033:
54, pneumatic tyres for commercial vehicles and their trailers
93:
1958 agreement, regional agreement including 58 parties: ECE (
2136:
1811:
1620:
800:
790:
780:
152:
137:
125:
2380:"World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations. 2020"
128:
binds Canada, the US, and Mexico to some safety regulations.
2083:
734:
696:
Crankcase and evaporative emissions of L-category vehicles
499:
transposed into national law with amendments and exemptions
2472:"Comparing motor-vehicle crash risk of EU and US vehicles"
2069:
81, rear-view mirrors of two-wheeled power-driven vehicles
704:
On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) systems for L-category vehicles
86:
1998 agreement, global agreement including 38 countries: (
2024:
48, installation of lighting and light-signalling devices
1994:
30, pneumatic tyres for motor vehicles and their trailers
2318:"Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations"
2432:"Access2Markets EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement"
676:
Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (
425:
on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) for road vehicles
81:
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations
58:
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations
16:
Requirements automobiles must satisfy to be approved
2051:
70, rear marking plates for heavy and long vehicles
1970:
17, seats, their anchorages and any head restraints
728:Determination of Electrified Vehicle Power (DEVP)
2660:
496:into national law with amendments and exemptions
1967:16, various safety belt related considerations
1955:11, door latches and door retention components
395:(LPG) (...) the emission of pollutants (WHDC)
142:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
2582:
2342:"Global Technical Regulations (GTRs) | UNECE"
95:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
2560:digitallibrary.un.org/record/3824138?ln=en.
2528:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2261:
2057:77, parking lamps for power-driven vehicles
2054:75, pneumatic tyres for L-category vehicles
1918:
67:
2589:
2575:
2307:the column contains few non UN regulations
2236:
2497:
2487:
2113:
1432:Vehicle exterior noise (noise pollution)
1318:Side door intrusion / Side door strength
300:Door locks and door retention components
266:Door locks and door retention components
2547:Synoptic about International Regulations
2086:regulations for tractors, for instance:
1927:
1443:Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules
735:Specific national / regional regulations
2596:
2262:Rheinl, TĂV; Japan (24 November 2015).
2097:
211:
201:California state, United States: CARB (
2661:
2458:Official Journal of the European Union
2211:
2570:
2175:United Nations Digital Library System
2009:41, motor cycles with regard to noise
493:Electronic stability control systems
83:related to three vehicle agreements.
1923:
144:(NHTSA), which also administers the
104:Regional agreements and regulations
2108:EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement
2104:EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement
2077:
13:
2102:Some trade agreements such as the
1262:UN R127, EC R78/2009, EC R631/2009
953:AS/NZS 1754:2013; AS/NZS 3629:2013
621:into national law with amendments
14:
2695:
2540:
1952:10, electromagnetic compatibility
2476:Accident Analysis and Prevention
2212:Bailey, R. Sadler (2018-10-31).
829:
819:
809:
799:
789:
779:
769:
759:
749:
660:hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles
2462:
2448:
2424:
2412:
2400:
2372:
2358:
2334:
2284:"Regs 1-20 - Transport - UNECE"
1459:Electric vehicle warning sounds
188:Bharat stage emission standards
2310:
2301:
2276:
2255:
2230:
2205:
2181:
2163:
2149:
720:Electric Vehicle Safety (EVS)
203:California Air Resources Board
146:Corporate Average Fuel Economy
1:
2650:Category:Automotive standards
2142:
1988:27, advance-warning triangles
1839:Blind Spot Information System
1435:UN R9, UN R41, UN R51, UN R63
1254:GSO 1707/2005, GSO 1708/2005
1227:Side impact - moving barrier
956:GSO 1709/2005, GSO 1710/2005
184:Automotive Industry Standards
1997:34, prevention of fire risks
1464:Regulation 540/2014, UN R138
110:is a single market with the
88:Global Technical Regulations
7:
2130:
2015:44, Child Restraint Systems
1595:Lateral protection devices
865:GSO 419/1994, GSO 420/1994
10:
2700:
2684:Regulation of technologies
2419:OCDE codes. Tracteurs code
2407:OCDE codes. Tracteurs code
1964:14, safety-belt anchorages
1544:Front underrun protection
578:Off-cycle emissions (OCE)
391:(...) natural gas (NG) or
140:(administered by the U.S.
42:
2647:
2604:
2489:10.1016/j.aap.2018.01.003
2189:"FAQ - Transport - UNECE"
1569:Rear underrun protection
923:GSO 96/1988, GSO 97/1988
356:Motorcycle brake systems
1985:26, external projections
1919:Other shared regulations
68:Geographical regulations
2609:United Nations / Europe
2082:European union follows
1404:Vehicle interior noise
393:liquefied petroleum gas
174:Australian Design Rules
2243:www.legislation.gov.au
2128:
2114:Example of differences
2063:79, steering equipment
1933:
1259:Pedestrian protection
1194:Offset frontal impact
929:Child restraint system
515:UN Regulation No.13-H
112:European Economic Area
40:
2117:
2036:58, Rear underrun ...
1976:21, interior fittings
1931:
1575:FMVSS 223, FMVSS 224
1172:FMVSS 216, FMVSS 216a
1054:FMVSS 202a, FMVSS 301
1018:Occupant head impact
506:UN Regulation No.13-H
29:
2669:Automotive standards
2098:Bilateral agreements
1703:UN 114 & UN R94
1653:UN R8 (motorcycles)
1361:Art. 18 Attachmt. 23
1345:Full frontal impact
1273:Art. 18 Attachmt. 99
1242:Art. 18 Attachmt. 24
878:FMVSS 203, FMVSS 204
563:UN Regulation No.127
212:Table of regulations
2598:Vehicle regulations
1973:19, front fog lamps
1727:Replacement wheels
644:UN Regulation No.60
616:UN Regulation No.96
589:UN Regulation No.49
475:UN Regulation No.43
466:UN Regulation No.43
445:UN Regulation No.49
436:UN Regulation No.49
415:UN Regulation No.49
406:UN Regulation No.49
380:UN Regulation No.78
370:UN Regulation No.78
363:UN Regulation No.78
318:UN Regulation No.11
311:UN Regulation No.11
289:UN Regulation No.11
279:UN Regulation No.11
223:
20:Vehicle regulations
2436:trade.ec.europa.eu
2218:Bailey & Greer
1934:
1487:Motorcycle helmets
755:Europe and EU laws
552:Pedestrian safety
542:into national law
525:Pedestrian safety
221:
2656:
2655:
1924:UNECE regulations
1916:
1915:
1869:UN R152, UN R131
1674:Speed limitation
1517:Automotive lights
1305:GB/T 37337/2019
1288:Side pole impact
732:
731:
668:Pole Side Impact
539:into national law
375:into national law
284:into national law
272:into national law
269:into national law
232:Global regulation
227:Global regulation
198:Provincial/State
159:Guobiao standards
2691:
2591:
2584:
2577:
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2567:
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2466:
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2421:OECD (in French)
2416:
2410:
2409:OECD (in French)
2404:
2398:
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2286:. Archived from
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2274:
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2253:
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2250:
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2237:Infrastructure.
2234:
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2202:
2200:
2199:
2185:
2179:
2178:
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2160:
2153:
2126:
2078:OECD regulations
1502:JIS T 8133:2000
1003:AIS-016, AIS-023
834:
833:
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823:
814:
813:
804:
803:
794:
793:
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783:
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773:
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754:
753:
739:
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485:Head restraints
224:
220:
172:Australia: ADR (
148:(CAFE) standard)
114:with laws named
38:
2699:
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2133:
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2100:
2080:
1926:
1921:
1379:Sleeper coaches
1276:GB/T 24550-2009
1213:GB/T 20913-2007
1062:Art. 15âJ017â01
962:Head restraints
944:JIS D 040122000
828:
818:
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798:
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758:
748:
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455:Safety glazing
444:
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136:United States:
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25:crashworthiness
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1128:
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1120:
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1080:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:UN R32, UN R34
1049:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
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1012:
1010:
1008:
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1001:
999:
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996:UN R17, UN R80
994:
988:
987:
986:GSO 1598/2002
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
973:
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964:
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948:
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876:
873:
871:Steering wheel
867:
866:
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855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
837:
836:
826:
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806:
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742:
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426:
423:
419:
418:
416:
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409:
407:
402:
400:
398:
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389:
385:
384:
383:Transposition
381:
376:
373:
371:
366:
364:
359:
357:
354:
350:
349:
347:
345:
343:
341:
338:
336:
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332:
329:
325:
324:
323:Transposition
321:
319:
314:
312:
307:
305:
303:
301:
298:
294:
293:
292:Transposition
290:
285:
282:
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275:
273:
270:
267:
264:
260:
259:
256:
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196:
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180:
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155:
149:
131:
130:
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123:
120:EU regulations
118:or regulation
108:European Union
102:
101:
100:
99:
98:
91:
77:United Nations
73:International
69:
66:
44:
41:
37:investopedia,
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2696:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
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2672:
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2667:
2666:
2664:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2639:United States
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2599:
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2569:
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2550:
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2531:
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2517:
2513:
2509:
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2500:
2495:
2490:
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2481:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2415:
2408:
2403:
2388:
2381:
2375:
2367:
2361:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2323:
2322:one.nhtsa.gov
2319:
2313:
2304:
2290:on 2018-11-24
2289:
2285:
2279:
2265:
2258:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2194:
2193:www.unece.org
2190:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2158:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2092:
2089:
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2087:
2085:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
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1930:
1912:
1910:
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1898:
1895:
1893:
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1862:
1859:
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1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
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1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
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1579:
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1549:
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1539:
1537:
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1529:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
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1514:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1438:40 CFR 205.52
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1412:49 CFR 393.94
1411:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1364:GB 11551-2014
1363:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1245:GB 20071-2006
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:GB 26134-2010
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:Roof strength
1163:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:Side windows
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:GB 17354-1998
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1078:Bumper impact
1076:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:GB 20072-2006
1064:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1035:GB 11552-2009
1034:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
955:
952:
949:
947:GB 14166-2013
946:
943:
940:
938:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
894:
892:
890:
888:GB 11557-2011
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
746:
743:
741:
740:
727:
724:
723:
719:
716:
715:
711:
708:
707:
703:
700:
699:
695:
692:
691:
687:
684:
683:
679:
675:
672:
671:
667:
664:
663:
659:
656:
655:
652:
650:
648:
646:
642:Transposition
641:
639:
637:
635:
632:
629:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
614:Transposition
613:
611:
609:
607:
604:
601:
600:
597:
595:
593:
591:
587:Transposition
586:
584:
582:
580:
577:
574:
573:
570:National law
569:
567:
565:
561:Transposition
560:
558:
556:
554:
551:
548:
547:
544:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
529:
527:
524:
521:
520:
517:
513:Transposition
512:
510:
508:
504:Transposition
503:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
488:
484:
481:
480:
477:
473:Transposition
472:
470:
468:
464:Transposition
463:
461:
459:
457:
454:
451:
450:
447:
443:Transposition
442:
440:
438:
434:Transposition
433:
431:
429:
427:
424:
421:
420:
417:
413:Transposition
412:
410:
408:
404:Transposition
403:
401:
399:
397:
394:
390:
387:
386:
382:
378:Transposition
377:
374:
372:
368:Transposition
367:
365:
361:Transposition
360:
358:
355:
352:
351:
348:
346:
344:
342:
339:
337:
335:
333:
330:
327:
326:
322:
320:
316:Transposition
315:
313:
309:Transposition
308:
306:
304:
302:
299:
296:
295:
291:
287:Transposition
286:
283:
281:
277:Transposition
276:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
261:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
231:
226:
225:
204:
200:
199:
197:
192:
189:
185:
181:
178:
175:
171:
169:
165:
162:
160:
156:
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:
132:
127:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
105:
103:
96:
92:
89:
85:
84:
82:
78:
75:
74:
72:
71:
65:
61:
59:
53:
49:
33:
28:
26:
21:
2597:
2524:cite journal
2479:
2475:
2464:
2457:
2455:Appendix 2-C
2450:
2439:. Retrieved
2435:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2386:
2374:
2360:
2349:. Retrieved
2345:
2336:
2325:. Retrieved
2321:
2312:
2303:
2292:. Retrieved
2288:the original
2278:
2267:. Retrieved
2257:
2246:. Retrieved
2242:
2232:
2221:. Retrieved
2217:
2207:
2196:. Retrieved
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2151:
2120:conspicuous.
2118:
2101:
2081:
1935:
1509:AS/NZS 1698
1373:GSO 36/2005
1340:GSO 38/2005
1222:GSO 36/2005
1189:GSO 39/2005
1102:GSO 41/2007
1072:GSO 37/2012
1048:Rear impact
933:UN R44, R129
534:Regional law
340:Regional law
182:India: AIS (
116:EU directive
62:
54:
50:
46:
30:
19:
18:
2679:Vehicle law
2634:South Korea
2482:: 392â397.
2392:27 February
1961:13, braking
1367:KMVSS 102-3
1308:KMVSS 102-4
1279:KMVSS 102-2
1113:FMVSS 205,
950:KMVSS 103-2
815:South Korea
164:South Korea
2674:Regulation
2663:Categories
2441:2021-08-25
2351:2021-08-25
2327:2021-08-25
2294:2018-11-23
2269:2021-08-25
2248:2021-08-25
2223:2021-08-25
2198:2020-10-19
2143:References
1884:ADR 98/01
1774:ADR 88/00
1494:FMVSS 218
1407:(proposal)
1337:ADR 29/00
1323:FMVSS 214
969:FMVSS 202a
900:Seat belts
2614:Australia
2346:unece.org
1790:FMVSS 138
1760:FMVSS 126
1707:FMVSS 208
1605:IS 14682
1580:IS 14812
1524:FMVSS 108
1467:FMVSS 141
1370:ADR 69/00
1352:FMVSS 208
1328:IS 12009
1311:ADR 85/00
1294:FMVSS 214
1251:ADR 72/00
1248:KMVSS 102
1233:FMVSS 214
1219:ADR 73/00
1216:KMVSS 102
1201:FMVSS 208
1144:FMVSS 208
1115:FMVSS 226
1085:FMVSS 581
1029:IS 15223
1024:FMVSS 201
936:FMVSS 213
907:FMVSS 209
848:FMVSS 206
825:Australia
237:Australia
186:), BSES (
133:National
2508:29482897
2131:See also
2123:â
1896:UN R157
1843:UN R151
1817:UN R144
1786:UN R141
1756:UN R140
1730:UN R124
1633:AIS-029
1554:AIS-069
1499:IS 4151
1417:IS-12832
1137:Rollover
1038:KMVSS 88
975:IS 15546
854:IS 14225
151:Canada:
35:â
2516:3587667
2177:. 2019.
1677:UN R89
1626:UN R29
1598:UN R73
1572:UN R58
1547:UN R93
1491:UN R22
1461:(AVAS)
1389:AIS-119
1358:AIS-096
1348:UN R137
1302:Art. 18
1291:UN R135
1270:AIS-100
1239:AIS-099
1210:Art. 18
1207:AIS-098
1177:AIS-031
1090:AIS-006
1059:AIS-101
1041:ADR 21
1032:Art. 20
941:AIS-072
912:AIS-015
883:AIS-096
229:number
157:China:
43:History
2514:
2506:
2073:trains
1810:AECS (
1699:Airbag
1297:GTR 14
1236:GTR 14
1230:UN R95
1197:UN R94
1169:UN R66
1110:UN R43
1082:UN R42
1021:UN R21
966:UN R17
904:UN R14
875:UN R12
845:UN R11
775:Global
688:Tyres
549:9 Am 1
297:1 Am 1
255:Russia
240:Canada
234:title
79:has a
2629:Japan
2624:India
2619:China
2512:S2CID
2387:UNECE
2383:(PDF)
2137:FMVSS
1812:eCall
1623:cabs
1621:Truck
1267:GTR 9
1119:GTR 6
992:Seats
972:GTR 7
851:GTR 1
841:Doors
835:Gulf
805:China
795:Japan
785:India
745:UNECE
252:Japan
249:India
168:KMVSS
153:CMVSS
138:FMVSS
126:NAFTA
2530:link
2504:PMID
2394:2023
2084:OECD
1892:ALKS
1782:TPMS
678:WLTP
2494:hdl
2484:doi
2480:117
1865:AEB
1752:ESC
1649:ABS
765:USA
725:21
717:20
709:19
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