65:
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2015:
1992:
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38:
363:
A 2021 study suggested that landing scoring criteria for vault in women's gymnastics increased the risk of injury compared to the criteria in men's gymnastics. Both this study and an earlier one from 2015 recommended allowing more flexion at the knees during landing to reduce impact-related injuries.
205:
Gymnasts (both male and female) show one vault in
Qualification, Team Final, and All Around Final. The gymnasts must perform a second vault during qualifications to qualify for vault apparatus finals. In the Apparatus Finals gymnasts must also show two vaults. For men, the two vaults must be from
187:
family, the gymnast will put their hands onto a mat that is placed before the springboard, round-off onto the board, and do a back handspring onto the vault. The off-flight may be as simple as leaping over the apparatus or as complicated as executing several twists and turns in the air. The gymnast
221:
The execution score is out of 10.0, looking at the form, height, length, and landing. Judges look through four main phases: the preflight, support, after-flight, and landing. Gymnasts are expected to land cleanly, with no hops or steps, and within a set landing zone on the landing mat. Falling or
217:
The projected difficulty is increased with every skill included. Each skill has its own value; the harder the skill, the higher the start value. In 2009, FIG made some changes to put less emphasis on the difficulty and reduce the number of skills required, making the gymnasts focus harder on the
88:
but without the handles; it was sometimes known as the vaulting horse. The horse was set up with its long dimension perpendicular to the run for women, and parallel for men. The vaulting horse was the apparatus used in the
Olympics for over a century, beginning with the
1823:
352:
injury. In a series of crashes when the horse's height was set too low at the 2000 Olympics, gymnasts either rammed into the horse's front end, or had bad landings after having problems with their hand placements during push-off.
2335:
1816:
3511:
191:
The running speed is correlated with the difficulty of the vault performed, with a stronger correlation for women than men, who may not maximize their sprint speed to achieve even the most difficult vaults.
1809:
2328:
954:
893:
Slater, Allana; Campbell, Amity; Smith, Anne; Straker, Leon (2015). "Greater lower limb flexion in gymnastic landings is associated with reduced landing force: a repeated measures study".
249:
Vault styles are broken into various groups or families. To compete in a vault final, a gymnast must perform two vaults from different groups whose second flight phase is not identical.
3504:
2321:
56:
perform on, as well as the event performed on that apparatus. Both male and female gymnasts perform the vault. The
English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is VT.
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2055:
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2009:
1986:
1963:
1940:
1917:
1894:
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1098:
1771:
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1153:
1130:
90:
947:
64:
510:"The faster, the better? Relationships between run-up speed, the degree of difficulty (D-score), height and length of flight on vault in artistic gymnastics"
940:
108:
since the mid-1990s. It features a flat, larger, and more cushioned surface almost parallel to the floor, which slopes downward at the end closest to the
72:
1832:
1352:
2621:
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1107:
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713:
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433:
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717:
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588:
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437:
97:
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4105:
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3307:
3282:
3257:
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3207:
3182:
3157:
3132:
3107:
3082:
3057:
3032:
3007:
2982:
2957:
2908:
2883:
2858:
2833:
2808:
2783:
2734:
2709:
2684:
2659:
2634:
2609:
2584:
2559:
2534:
2509:
2484:
2459:
2409:
2384:
2359:
101:
1084:
1956:
1933:
104:
were the first international competition to make use of the "vaulting table", an apparatus made by Dutch gymnastics equipment company
2299:
2253:
1214:
1190:
1169:
2071:
2025:
2002:
1979:
1910:
1887:
1603:
1534:
1511:
1488:
1465:
1397:
1373:
1329:
336:
was paralyzed in a vaulting accident; she died from complications from her injuries three years later. During warmups at the 1998
2207:
1787:
1764:
1741:
1718:
1237:
100:
re-evaluated and changed the apparatus, citing both safety reasons and the desire to facilitate more impressive acrobatics. The
306:
Handspring fwd with or without 1/1 turn (360°) in 1st flight phase – salto fwd or bwd with or without twist in 2nd flight phase.
4622:
273:
168:
312:
Round-off (Yurchenko) with or without ¾ turn (270°) in 1st flight phase – salto bwd with or without twist in 2nd flight phase.
309:
Handspring with ¼ - ½ turn (90° - 180°) in 1st flight phase (Tsukahara) – salto bwd with or without twist in 2nd flight phase.
206:
different element groups, while women must show two vaults with different repulsion and flight phase from the vault table.
2230:
2184:
2138:
2115:
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2048:
1306:
1283:
1146:
2276:
2161:
1695:
1626:
179:
To perform a vault, the gymnast runs down a runway (the run), which is usually padded or carpeted. They hurdle onto a
1672:
1649:
1580:
1557:
1442:
1418:
1260:
747:
230:
120:
1801:
3489:
1076:
762:
2313:
17:
315:
Round-off with ½ turn (180°) in 1st flight phase – salto fwd or bwd with or without twist in 2nd flight phase.
303:
Vault without salto (Handspring, Yamashita, Round-off) with or without LA turn in 1st and/or 2nd flight phase.
4627:
406:
222:
stepping on landing incurs deduction, as will lack of height off the table, or distance from the table.
667:
183:
and spring onto the vault with their hands (the preflight or first flight and block). For vaults in the
721:
689:
629:
592:
484:
441:
803:
653:
4317:
3717:
3692:
1950:
1927:
180:
109:
775:
820:
269:
235:
286:
243:
932:
112:; gymnasts nicknamed it the "tongue"; it appears to be somewhat safer than the old apparatus.
84:
invented the vault's early forms. The apparatus itself originated as a "horse", much like the
3568:
3094:
3069:
3019:
2019:
1842:
1412:
1117:
81:
3967:
2088:
1973:
508:
Schärer, Christoph; Lehmann, Thomas; Naundorf, Falk; Taube, Wolfgang; Hübner, Klaus (2019).
4192:
4142:
2155:
1065:
521:
172:
3194:
3144:
3119:
3044:
844:
Straker, Rebecca; Exell, Timothy A.; Farana, Roman; Hamill, Joseph; Irwin, Gareth (2021).
332:
The horse has been blamed for several serious accidents over the years. In 1988, American
8:
3618:
2065:
1904:
1866:
1254:
963:
49:
31:
3817:
525:
4217:
2994:
2671:
2646:
2546:
1436:
1277:
1019:
1009:
993:
918:
875:
552:
509:
349:
3992:
2109:
4167:
3917:
3892:
3867:
2920:
2596:
2446:
1831:
1528:
1505:
1055:
910:
879:
867:
791:
557:
539:
239:
184:
2371:
922:
4342:
3519:
2571:
1367:
1106:
1060:
902:
857:
547:
529:
393:
280:
4117:
4067:
2521:
2224:
2132:
906:
862:
845:
4392:
4367:
3667:
3394:
2343:
2042:
1881:
1666:
1643:
1459:
1323:
534:
105:
3344:
2471:
214:
The score combines the D-value, the difficulty, and the E-value, the execution.
4592:
4542:
3593:
3544:
3219:
2895:
2870:
2270:
1597:
1391:
1300:
1140:
1034:
337:
2178:
1482:
4616:
3942:
3742:
3642:
3444:
3269:
3244:
3169:
2721:
2696:
1758:
1712:
1689:
1029:
543:
333:
163:
96:
Following an accident in 1988 and compounded by incidents in 1998 and 2000,
4517:
4492:
4467:
4442:
4417:
4017:
2969:
2944:
2746:
2293:
2247:
2201:
1861:
1620:
1346:
1163:
1014:
988:
914:
871:
846:"Biomechanical responses to landing strategies of female artistic gymnasts"
561:
85:
4092:
4042:
3842:
3767:
3469:
3419:
3369:
3319:
3294:
2845:
2820:
1781:
1735:
1184:
983:
149:
Length: 3,500 cm (114 ft 10 in) ± 10 cm (3.9 in)
4567:
3792:
2496:
2421:
2396:
1996:
1231:
1208:
1050:
4292:
4267:
4242:
357:
345:
129:
Length: 120 cm (3 ft 11 in) ± 1 cm (0.39 in)
388:
341:
152:
Width: 100 cm (3 ft 3 in) ± 1 cm (0.39 in)
141:
Women: 125 cm (4 ft 1 in) ± 1 cm (0.39 in)
132:
Width: 90 cm (2 ft 11 in) ± 1 cm (0.39 in)
2770:
1574:
1551:
138:
Men: 135 cm (4 ft 5 in) ± 1 cm (0.39 in)
53:
962:
37:
93:
and ending with the
Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
507:
167:
A multiple-exposure image of a gymnast performing a vault (
892:
188:
then lands on the mat on the other side of the apparatus.
654:"Olympic Gymnastics:Women's Gymnastics Rules and Judging"
1833:
Olympic
Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Women's Vault
843:
283:
with or without simple twists, and all double salto bwd.
27:
Artistic gymnastics apparatus which gymnasts perform on
3521:
World
Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Women's Vault
1108:
Olympic
Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Men's Vault
2345:
World
Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Men's Vault
4614:
660:
407:"Vault: Everything You Need to know about Vault"
360:was seriously injured after a fall on a vault.
3505:
2329:
1817:
1092:
948:
758:
756:
743:
741:
68:Original vaulting horse configuration (women)
102:2001 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
804:"Vault mixup could have cost gymnast medal"
299:There are five vault categories for women:
158:
76:Original vaulting horse configuration (men)
3512:
3498:
2336:
2322:
1824:
1810:
1099:
1085:
955:
941:
839:
837:
753:
738:
391:, an August 2004 "Explainer" article from
861:
616:
614:
612:
551:
533:
262:There are four vault categories for men:
98:International Gymnastics Federation (FIG)
266:Single salto vaults with complex twists.
229:
162:
119:
91:Men's vault in the first modern Olympics
71:
63:
36:
834:
384:
382:
380:
294:
272:with or without simple twists, and all
14:
4615:
3723:
3698:
3574:
2527:
2477:
609:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
428:
426:
424:
422:
169:handspring double salto forward tucked
4573:
4523:
4498:
4398:
4373:
4348:
4323:
3493:
3475:
2317:
1805:
1080:
936:
706:
257:
3948:
3923:
3898:
3848:
3798:
3773:
3748:
3673:
3648:
2801:
2752:
2727:
2702:
2677:
2652:
2502:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
377:
252:
4423:
3425:
3375:
3325:
3300:
3275:
3250:
2851:
2826:
2452:
2427:
2402:
2377:
794:Xinhua News Agency, August 29, 2003
458:
419:
24:
4223:
3000:
821:"EenVandaag: Het wonder Imke Glas"
195:
25:
4639:
850:European Journal of Sport Science
568:
389:What's With That Weird New Vault?
225:
4585:
4560:
4535:
4510:
4485:
4460:
4435:
4410:
4385:
4360:
4335:
4310:
4285:
4260:
4235:
4210:
4185:
4160:
4135:
4110:
4085:
4060:
4035:
4010:
3985:
3960:
3935:
3910:
3885:
3873:
3860:
3835:
3810:
3785:
3760:
3735:
3710:
3685:
3660:
3635:
3611:
3586:
3561:
3537:
3462:
3437:
3412:
3387:
3362:
3337:
3312:
3287:
3262:
3237:
3212:
3187:
3162:
3137:
3112:
3087:
3062:
3037:
3012:
2987:
2962:
2937:
2913:
2888:
2863:
2838:
2813:
2788:
2763:
2739:
2714:
2689:
2664:
2639:
2614:
2589:
2564:
2539:
2514:
2489:
2464:
2439:
2414:
2389:
2364:
2287:
2264:
2241:
2218:
2195:
2172:
2149:
2126:
2103:
2082:
2059:
2036:
2013:
1990:
1967:
1944:
1921:
1898:
1875:
1860:
1775:
1752:
1729:
1706:
1683:
1660:
1637:
1614:
1591:
1568:
1545:
1522:
1499:
1476:
1453:
1430:
1406:
1385:
1361:
1340:
1317:
1294:
1271:
1248:
1225:
1202:
1178:
1157:
1134:
720:. pp. 87–88. Archived from
591:. pp. 22–23. Archived from
218:perfect execution of the vault.
59:
4123:
4098:
4073:
4048:
4023:
3998:
3973:
3823:
3450:
3200:
3150:
3125:
3050:
2926:
2901:
2876:
886:
813:
797:
785:
768:
674:
483:. p. II/43. Archived from
440:. p. II/21. Archived from
4598:
4548:
4473:
4448:
4198:
4173:
4148:
3624:
3599:
3550:
3400:
3225:
3175:
2975:
2950:
714:"MAG Code of Points 2009-2012"
682:"MAG Code of Points 2009-2012"
646:
622:"MAG Code of Points 2009-2012"
585:"WAG Code of Points 2009-2012"
501:
399:
356:In 2007, Dutch junior gymnast
13:
1:
4623:Artistic gymnastics apparatus
4298:
4273:
4248:
3350:
3100:
3075:
3025:
2776:
2627:
2602:
2577:
2552:
907:10.1080/14763141.2015.1029514
863:10.1080/17461391.2021.1976842
370:
115:
688:. p. 85. Archived from
628:. p. 86. Archived from
535:10.1371/journal.pone.0213310
7:
327:
10:
4644:
209:
29:
3527:
2356:1903 - 1930: Not awarded
2351:
1850:
1839:
1125:
1114:
1043:
1002:
971:
279:Handspring sideways and
200:
159:Vault as gymnastic skill
30:Not to be confused with
966:apparatus and equipment
776:"Tales from the vaults"
234:First flight phases of
1044:Equipment and uniforms
823:(in Dutch). 2008-07-08
287:Round off entry vaults
246:
176:
125:
77:
69:
41:
2020:Natalia Shaposhnikova
670:. Gymnastics Ontario.
233:
166:
124:Modern vaulting table
123:
82:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
75:
67:
40:
4193:Elena Zamolodchikova
4143:Elena Zamolodchikova
2156:Elena Zamolodchikova
810:, September 28, 2000
295:Vault groups (women)
173:2012 Summer Olympics
3619:Ann-Sofi Pettersson
2066:Svetlana Boginskaya
1905:Margarita Nikolaeva
1867:Ekaterina Kalinchuk
1255:Savino Guglielmetti
964:Artistic gymnastics
895:Sports Biomechanics
526:2019PLoSO..1413310S
50:artistic gymnastics
32:Equestrian vaulting
4628:Vault (gymnastics)
4218:Oksana Chusovitina
3968:Lavinia Miloșovici
2995:Sergey Fedorchenko
2672:Ralf-Peter Hemmann
2647:Alexander Dityatin
2089:Lavinia Miloșovici
1974:Karin Büttner-Janz
1437:Haruhiro Yamashita
1278:Alfred Schwarzmann
792:"Smiling Sang Lan"
780:Guardian Unlimited
668:"Women's Artistic"
344:fell and suffered
340:, Chinese gymnast
258:Vault groups (men)
247:
177:
126:
78:
70:
42:
4610:
4609:
4168:Svetlana Khorkina
3918:Yelena Shushunova
3893:Yelena Shushunova
3868:Boriana Stoyanova
3487:
3486:
3195:Marian Drăgulescu
3145:Marian Drăgulescu
3120:Marian Drăgulescu
3045:Marian Drăgulescu
2921:Hrihoriy Misyutin
2597:Shigeru Kasamatsu
2447:Ernst Gebendinger
2311:
2310:
1799:
1798:
1529:Nikolai Andrianov
1506:Nikolai Andrianov
1074:
1073:
972:Women's apparatus
856:(11): 1678–1685.
763:WAG COP 2022–2024
748:MAG COP 2022-2024
477:"Apparatus Norms"
434:"Apparatus Norms"
324:
323:
270:Handspring vaults
16:(Redirected from
4635:
4602:
4600:
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4500:
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4402:
4400:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4377:
4375:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4352:
4350:
4343:Alicia Sacramone
4341:
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4338:
4327:
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4316:
4314:
4313:
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4266:
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4227:
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4216:
4214:
4213:
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4200:
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4077:
4075:
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4038:
4027:
4025:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4002:
4000:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3977:
3975:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3952:
3950:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3927:
3925:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3877:
3875:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3852:
3850:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3827:
3825:
3818:Dumitrița Turner
3816:
3814:
3813:
3802:
3800:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3777:
3775:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3752:
3750:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3727:
3725:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3702:
3700:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3677:
3675:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3652:
3650:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3603:
3601:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3578:
3576:
3569:Matylda Pálfyová
3567:
3565:
3564:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3479:
3477:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3454:
3452:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3429:
3427:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3404:
3402:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3379:
3377:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3354:
3352:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3329:
3327:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3304:
3302:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3279:
3277:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3254:
3252:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3229:
3227:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3204:
3202:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3179:
3177:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3154:
3152:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3129:
3127:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3104:
3102:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3079:
3077:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3054:
3052:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3029:
3027:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3004:
3002:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2979:
2977:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2954:
2952:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2905:
2903:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2880:
2878:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2855:
2853:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2830:
2828:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2805:
2803:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2780:
2778:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2731:
2729:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2706:
2704:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2681:
2679:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2606:
2604:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2581:
2579:
2572:Mitsuo Tsukahara
2570:
2568:
2567:
2556:
2554:
2547:Haruhiro Matsuda
2545:
2543:
2542:
2531:
2529:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2506:
2504:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2481:
2479:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2456:
2454:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2406:
2404:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2381:
2379:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2303:
2291:
2290:
2280:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2245:
2244:
2234:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2199:
2198:
2188:
2176:
2175:
2165:
2153:
2152:
2142:
2130:
2129:
2119:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2017:
2016:
2006:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1925:
1924:
1914:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1879:
1878:
1865:
1864:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1791:
1779:
1778:
1768:
1756:
1755:
1745:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1710:
1709:
1699:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1664:
1663:
1653:
1641:
1640:
1630:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1572:
1571:
1561:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1503:
1502:
1492:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1457:
1456:
1446:
1434:
1433:
1422:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1389:
1388:
1377:
1368:Valentin Muratov
1365:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1344:
1343:
1333:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1206:
1205:
1194:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1161:
1160:
1150:
1138:
1137:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1078:
1077:
957:
950:
943:
934:
933:
927:
926:
890:
884:
883:
865:
841:
832:
831:
829:
828:
817:
811:
801:
795:
789:
783:
782:December 4, 2005
772:
766:
760:
751:
745:
736:
735:
733:
732:
726:
710:
704:
703:
701:
700:
694:
678:
672:
671:
664:
658:
657:
650:
644:
643:
641:
640:
634:
618:
607:
606:
604:
603:
597:
581:
566:
565:
555:
537:
505:
499:
498:
496:
495:
489:
473:
456:
455:
453:
452:
446:
430:
417:
416:
414:
413:
403:
397:
386:
281:Tsukahara vaults
274:double salto fwd
253:
244:Yurchenko vaults
52:apparatus which
21:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4596:
4586:
4584:
4571:
4561:
4559:
4546:
4536:
4534:
4521:
4511:
4509:
4496:
4486:
4484:
4471:
4461:
4459:
4446:
4436:
4434:
4421:
4411:
4409:
4396:
4393:McKayla Maroney
4386:
4384:
4371:
4368:McKayla Maroney
4361:
4359:
4346:
4336:
4334:
4321:
4311:
4309:
4296:
4286:
4284:
4271:
4261:
4259:
4246:
4236:
4234:
4221:
4211:
4209:
4196:
4186:
4184:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4146:
4136:
4134:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4096:
4086:
4084:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4046:
4036:
4034:
4021:
4011:
4009:
3996:
3993:Henrietta Ónodi
3986:
3984:
3971:
3961:
3959:
3946:
3936:
3934:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3746:
3736:
3734:
3721:
3711:
3709:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3671:
3668:Larisa Latynina
3661:
3659:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3612:
3610:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3548:
3538:
3536:
3523:
3518:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3398:
3395:Nikita Nagornyy
3388:
3386:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3023:
3013:
3011:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2625:
2622:Junichi Shimizu
2615:
2613:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2347:
2342:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2274:
2265:
2251:
2242:
2228:
2219:
2205:
2196:
2182:
2173:
2159:
2150:
2136:
2127:
2113:
2110:Henrietta Ónodi
2104:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2083:
2069:
2060:
2046:
2043:Ecaterina Szabo
2037:
2023:
2014:
2000:
1991:
1977:
1968:
1954:
1945:
1931:
1922:
1908:
1899:
1885:
1882:Larisa Latynina
1876:
1859:
1846:
1835:
1830:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1762:
1753:
1739:
1730:
1716:
1707:
1693:
1684:
1670:
1667:Gervasio Deferr
1661:
1647:
1644:Gervasio Deferr
1638:
1624:
1615:
1601:
1592:
1578:
1569:
1555:
1546:
1532:
1523:
1509:
1500:
1486:
1477:
1463:
1460:Mikhail Voronin
1454:
1440:
1431:
1423:
1416:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1386:
1378:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1341:
1327:
1324:Viktor Chukarin
1318:
1304:
1295:
1281:
1272:
1258:
1249:
1235:
1226:
1212:
1203:
1195:
1188:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1158:
1144:
1135:
1121:
1110:
1105:
1075:
1070:
1039:
1003:Men's apparatus
998:
967:
961:
931:
930:
891:
887:
842:
835:
826:
824:
819:
818:
814:
802:
798:
790:
786:
773:
769:
761:
754:
746:
739:
730:
728:
724:
712:
711:
707:
698:
696:
692:
680:
679:
675:
666:
665:
661:
652:
651:
647:
638:
636:
632:
620:
619:
610:
601:
599:
595:
583:
582:
569:
520:(3): e0213310.
506:
502:
493:
491:
487:
475:
474:
459:
450:
448:
444:
432:
431:
420:
411:
409:
405:
404:
400:
387:
378:
373:
367:
330:
325:
297:
260:
228:
212:
203:
198:
196:In competitions
161:
118:
106:Janssen-Fritsen
62:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4641:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4593:Rebeca Andrade
4578:
4553:
4543:Rebeca Andrade
4528:
4503:
4478:
4453:
4428:
4403:
4378:
4353:
4328:
4318:Kayla Williams
4303:
4278:
4253:
4228:
4203:
4178:
4153:
4128:
4103:
4078:
4053:
4028:
4003:
3978:
3953:
3928:
3903:
3878:
3853:
3828:
3803:
3778:
3753:
3728:
3718:Věra Čáslavská
3703:
3693:Věra Čáslavská
3678:
3653:
3604:
3594:Helena Rakoczy
3579:
3545:Marta Majowska
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3455:
3430:
3405:
3380:
3355:
3330:
3305:
3280:
3255:
3230:
3220:Thomas Bouhail
3205:
3180:
3155:
3130:
3105:
3080:
3055:
3030:
3005:
2980:
2955:
2906:
2896:Vitaly Scherbo
2881:
2871:Vitaly Scherbo
2856:
2831:
2806:
2781:
2732:
2707:
2682:
2657:
2632:
2607:
2582:
2557:
2532:
2507:
2482:
2457:
2432:
2407:
2382:
2372:Hermann Hänggi
2357:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2281:
2271:Rebeca Andrade
2258:
2235:
2212:
2189:
2166:
2143:
2120:
2076:
2053:
2030:
2007:
1984:
1961:
1951:Věra Čáslavská
1938:
1928:Věra Čáslavská
1915:
1892:
1869:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1769:
1746:
1723:
1700:
1677:
1654:
1631:
1608:
1598:Vitaly Scherbo
1585:
1562:
1539:
1516:
1493:
1470:
1447:
1424:
1392:Boris Shakhlin
1379:
1334:
1311:
1301:Paavo Aaltonen
1288:
1265:
1242:
1219:
1196:
1151:
1141:Carl Schuhmann
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1035:Horizontal bar
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
969:
968:
960:
959:
952:
945:
937:
929:
928:
885:
833:
812:
796:
784:
774:Rebecca Seal,
767:
752:
737:
705:
673:
659:
645:
608:
567:
500:
457:
418:
398:
375:
374:
372:
369:
350:cervical-spine
338:Goodwill Games
329:
326:
322:
321:
317:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
296:
293:
291:
290:
289:
284:
277:
267:
259:
256:
251:
227:
226:Vault families
224:
211:
208:
202:
199:
197:
194:
160:
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
150:
144:
143:
142:
139:
133:
130:
117:
114:
61:
58:
26:
18:Vaulting horse
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4640:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4594:
4582:
4579:
4569:
4557:
4554:
4544:
4532:
4529:
4519:
4507:
4504:
4494:
4482:
4479:
4469:
4457:
4454:
4444:
4432:
4429:
4419:
4407:
4404:
4394:
4382:
4379:
4369:
4357:
4354:
4344:
4332:
4329:
4319:
4307:
4304:
4294:
4282:
4279:
4269:
4257:
4254:
4244:
4232:
4229:
4219:
4207:
4204:
4194:
4182:
4179:
4169:
4157:
4154:
4144:
4132:
4129:
4119:
4118:Simona Amânar
4107:
4104:
4094:
4082:
4079:
4069:
4068:Simona Amânar
4057:
4054:
4044:
4032:
4029:
4019:
4007:
4004:
3994:
3982:
3979:
3969:
3957:
3954:
3944:
3943:Olesya Dudnik
3932:
3929:
3919:
3907:
3904:
3894:
3882:
3879:
3869:
3857:
3854:
3844:
3832:
3829:
3819:
3807:
3804:
3794:
3782:
3779:
3769:
3757:
3754:
3744:
3743:Erika Zuchold
3732:
3729:
3719:
3707:
3704:
3694:
3682:
3679:
3669:
3657:
3654:
3644:
3643:Tamara Manina
3620:
3608:
3605:
3595:
3583:
3580:
3570:
3546:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3510:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3471:
3459:
3456:
3446:
3445:Artur Davtyan
3434:
3431:
3421:
3409:
3406:
3396:
3384:
3381:
3371:
3359:
3356:
3346:
3334:
3331:
3321:
3309:
3306:
3296:
3284:
3281:
3271:
3270:Yang Hak-seon
3259:
3256:
3246:
3245:Yang Hak-seon
3234:
3231:
3221:
3209:
3206:
3196:
3184:
3181:
3171:
3170:Leszek Blanik
3159:
3156:
3146:
3134:
3131:
3121:
3109:
3106:
3096:
3084:
3081:
3071:
3059:
3056:
3046:
3034:
3031:
3021:
3009:
3006:
2996:
2984:
2981:
2971:
2959:
2956:
2946:
2922:
2910:
2907:
2897:
2885:
2882:
2872:
2860:
2857:
2847:
2835:
2832:
2822:
2810:
2807:
2797:
2785:
2782:
2772:
2748:
2736:
2733:
2723:
2722:Yuri Korolyov
2711:
2708:
2698:
2697:Artur Akopyan
2686:
2683:
2673:
2661:
2658:
2648:
2636:
2633:
2623:
2611:
2608:
2598:
2586:
2583:
2573:
2561:
2558:
2548:
2536:
2533:
2523:
2522:Přemysl Krbec
2511:
2508:
2498:
2486:
2483:
2473:
2461:
2458:
2448:
2436:
2433:
2423:
2411:
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2278:
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2259:
2255:
2249:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2225:Sandra Izbașa
2216:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2133:Simona Amânar
2124:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2096:
2090:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2034:
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2027:
2021:
2011:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1988:
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1981:
1975:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1942:
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1815:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1789:
1783:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1759:Shin Jea-hwan
1750:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1713:Yang Hak-seon
1704:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1690:Leszek Blanik
1681:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1635:
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1628:
1622:
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1186:
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1142:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1030:Parallel bars
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1001:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
970:
965:
958:
953:
951:
946:
944:
939:
938:
935:
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920:
916:
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908:
904:
900:
896:
889:
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
859:
855:
851:
847:
840:
838:
822:
816:
809:
805:
800:
793:
788:
781:
777:
771:
764:
759:
757:
749:
744:
742:
727:on 2009-10-01
723:
719:
715:
709:
695:on 2009-10-01
691:
687:
683:
677:
669:
663:
655:
649:
635:on 2009-10-01
631:
627:
623:
617:
615:
613:
598:on 2011-12-19
594:
590:
586:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
563:
559:
554:
549:
545:
541:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
504:
490:on 2011-12-19
486:
482:
478:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
447:on 2011-12-19
443:
439:
435:
429:
427:
425:
423:
408:
402:
396:
395:
390:
385:
383:
381:
376:
368:
365:
361:
359:
354:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:Julissa Gomez
320:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
301:
300:
292:
288:
285:
282:
278:
275:
271:
268:
265:
264:
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255:
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241:
237:
232:
223:
219:
215:
207:
193:
189:
186:
182:
174:
170:
165:
151:
148:
147:
146:Run-up area:
145:
140:
137:
136:
134:
131:
128:
127:
122:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
92:
87:
83:
74:
66:
60:The apparatus
57:
55:
51:
47:
39:
33:
19:
4518:Simone Biles
4493:Simone Biles
4468:Maria Paseka
4443:Maria Paseka
4418:Hong Un-jong
4018:Elena Piskun
3345:Kenzō Shirai
2970:Alexei Nemov
2945:Alexei Nemov
2796:Jörg Behrend
2747:Sylvio Kroll
2472:Leo Sotorník
2294:Simone Biles
2248:Simone Biles
2202:Hong Un-jong
1841:
1621:Alexei Nemov
1347:Helmut Bantz
1164:George Eyser
1116:
1024:
1015:Pommel horse
989:Balance beam
978:
901:(1): 45–56.
898:
894:
888:
853:
849:
825:. Retrieved
815:
807:
799:
787:
779:
770:
729:. Retrieved
722:the original
708:
697:. Retrieved
690:the original
676:
662:
648:
637:. Retrieved
630:the original
600:. Retrieved
593:the original
517:
513:
503:
492:. Retrieved
485:the original
449:. Retrieved
442:the original
410:. Retrieved
401:
392:
366:
362:
355:
331:
318:
298:
261:
248:
220:
216:
213:
204:
190:
178:
95:
86:pommel horse
79:
45:
43:
4093:Gina Gogean
4043:Gina Gogean
3843:Maxi Gnauck
3768:Olga Korbut
3470:Jake Jarman
3420:Carlos Yulo
3370:Ri Se-gwang
3320:Ri Se-gwang
3295:Ri Se-gwang
3095:Li Xiaopeng
3070:Li Xiaopeng
3020:Li Xiaopeng
2846:Yoo Ok-ryul
2821:Yoo Ok-ryul
2179:Monica Roșu
1782:Carlos Yulo
1736:Ri Se-gwang
1483:Klaus Köste
1413:Takashi Ono
1185:Anton Heida
1020:Still rings
984:Uneven bars
181:springboard
110:springboard
4617:Categories
4568:Jade Carey
3793:Nellie Kim
2497:Yuri Titov
2422:Eugen Mack
2397:Eugen Mack
1997:Nellie Kim
1232:Eugen Mack
1209:Frank Kriz
827:2009-10-04
731:2009-10-04
699:2009-10-04
639:2009-10-04
602:2009-10-04
494:2009-10-04
451:2009-10-04
412:2009-10-04
371:References
236:handspring
116:Dimensions
4293:Cheng Fei
4268:Cheng Fei
4243:Cheng Fei
880:238204536
544:1932-6203
358:Imke Glas
346:paralysis
240:Tsukahara
185:Yurchenko
171:) at the
1066:Uniforms
923:11858682
915:25895434
872:34570691
562:30845256
514:PLOS ONE
342:Sang Lan
328:Injuries
135:Height:
54:gymnasts
2771:Lou Yun
1843:Summary
1575:Lou Yun
1552:Lou Yun
1118:Summary
553:6405201
522:Bibcode
348:from a
210:Scoring
80:German
4595:
4590:
4570:
4565:
4545:
4540:
4520:
4515:
4495:
4490:
4470:
4465:
4445:
4440:
4420:
4415:
4395:
4390:
4370:
4365:
4345:
4340:
4320:
4315:
4295:
4290:
4270:
4265:
4245:
4240:
4220:
4215:
4195:
4190:
4170:
4165:
4145:
4140:
4120:
4115:
4095:
4090:
4070:
4065:
4045:
4040:
4020:
4015:
3995:
3990:
3970:
3965:
3945:
3940:
3920:
3915:
3895:
3890:
3870:
3865:
3845:
3840:
3820:
3815:
3795:
3790:
3770:
3765:
3745:
3740:
3720:
3715:
3695:
3690:
3670:
3665:
3645:
3640:
3633:
3621:
3616:
3596:
3591:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3547:
3542:
3472:
3467:
3447:
3442:
3422:
3417:
3397:
3392:
3372:
3367:
3347:
3342:
3322:
3317:
3297:
3292:
3272:
3267:
3247:
3242:
3222:
3217:
3197:
3192:
3172:
3167:
3147:
3142:
3122:
3117:
3097:
3092:
3072:
3067:
3047:
3042:
3022:
3017:
2997:
2992:
2972:
2967:
2947:
2942:
2935:
2923:
2918:
2898:
2893:
2873:
2868:
2848:
2843:
2823:
2818:
2798:
2793:
2773:
2768:
2761:
2749:
2744:
2724:
2719:
2699:
2694:
2674:
2669:
2649:
2644:
2624:
2619:
2599:
2594:
2574:
2569:
2549:
2544:
2524:
2519:
2499:
2494:
2474:
2469:
2449:
2444:
2424:
2419:
2399:
2394:
2374:
2369:
2296:
2292:
2273:
2269:
2250:
2246:
2227:
2223:
2204:
2200:
2181:
2177:
2158:
2154:
2135:
2131:
2112:
2108:
2091:
2087:
2068:
2064:
2045:
2041:
2022:
2018:
1999:
1995:
1976:
1972:
1953:
1949:
1930:
1926:
1907:
1903:
1884:
1880:
1784:
1780:
1761:
1757:
1738:
1734:
1715:
1711:
1692:
1688:
1669:
1665:
1646:
1642:
1623:
1619:
1600:
1596:
1577:
1573:
1554:
1550:
1531:
1527:
1508:
1504:
1485:
1481:
1462:
1458:
1439:
1435:
1415:
1411:
1394:
1390:
1370:
1366:
1349:
1345:
1326:
1322:
1303:
1299:
1280:
1276:
1257:
1253:
1234:
1230:
1211:
1207:
1187:
1183:
1166:
1162:
1143:
1139:
1051:Braces
921:
913:
878:
870:
750:p. 101
560:
550:
542:
319:
242:, and
48:is an
1404:1956:
1359:1956:
1176:1904:
1056:Grips
1025:Vault
1010:Floor
994:Floor
979:Vault
919:S2CID
876:S2CID
725:(PDF)
693:(PDF)
633:(PDF)
596:(PDF)
488:(PDF)
445:(PDF)
394:Slate
201:Event
46:vault
4581:2023
4556:2022
4531:2021
4506:2019
4481:2018
4456:2017
4431:2015
4406:2014
4381:2013
4356:2011
4331:2010
4306:2009
4281:2007
4256:2006
4231:2005
4206:2003
4181:2002
4156:2001
4131:1999
4106:1997
4081:1996
4056:1995
4031:1994
4006:1993
3981:1992
3956:1991
3931:1989
3906:1987
3881:1985
3856:1983
3831:1981
3806:1979
3781:1978
3756:1974
3731:1970
3706:1966
3681:1962
3656:1958
3631:1987
3607:1954
3582:1950
3557:1987
3533:1938
3458:2023
3433:2022
3408:2021
3383:2019
3358:2018
3333:2017
3308:2015
3283:2014
3258:2013
3233:2011
3208:2010
3183:2009
3158:2007
3133:2006
3108:2005
3083:2003
3058:2002
3033:2001
3008:1999
2983:1997
2958:1996
2933:1995
2909:1995
2884:1994
2859:1993
2834:1992
2809:1991
2784:1989
2759:1987
2735:1987
2728:USSR
2710:1985
2703:USSR
2685:1983
2660:1981
2653:USSR
2635:1979
2610:1978
2585:1974
2560:1970
2535:1966
2510:1962
2503:USSR
2485:1958
2460:1954
2435:1950
2410:1938
2385:1934
2360:1931
2284:2024
2261:2020
2238:2016
2215:2012
2192:2008
2169:2004
2146:2000
2123:1996
2101:1992
2079:1992
2056:1988
2033:1984
2010:1980
1987:1976
1964:1972
1941:1968
1918:1964
1895:1960
1872:1956
1856:1952
1772:2024
1749:2020
1726:2016
1703:2012
1680:2008
1657:2004
1634:2000
1611:1996
1588:1992
1565:1988
1542:1984
1519:1980
1496:1976
1473:1972
1450:1968
1427:1964
1382:1960
1337:1956
1314:1952
1291:1948
1268:1936
1245:1932
1222:1928
1199:1924
1154:1904
1131:1896
1061:Mats
911:PMID
868:PMID
808:ESPN
765:10.3
558:PMID
540:ISSN
44:The
4599:BRA
4574:USA
4549:BRA
4524:USA
4499:USA
4474:RUS
4449:RUS
4424:PRK
4399:USA
4374:USA
4349:USA
4324:USA
4299:CHN
4274:CHN
4249:CHN
4224:UZB
4199:RUS
4174:RUS
4149:RUS
4124:ROM
4099:ROM
4074:ROM
4049:ROM
4024:BLR
3999:HUN
3974:ROM
3949:URS
3924:URS
3899:URS
3874:BGR
3849:DDR
3824:ROM
3799:URS
3774:URS
3749:DDR
3724:TCH
3699:TCH
3674:URS
3649:URS
3625:SWE
3600:POL
3575:TCH
3551:POL
3476:GBR
3451:ARM
3426:PHI
3401:RUS
3376:PRK
3351:JPN
3326:PRK
3301:PRK
3276:KOR
3251:KOR
3226:FRA
3201:ROU
3176:POL
3151:ROU
3126:ROM
3101:CHN
3076:CHN
3051:ROM
3026:CHN
3001:KAZ
2976:RUS
2951:RUS
2927:UKR
2902:BLR
2877:BLR
2852:KOR
2827:KOR
2802:GDR
2777:CHN
2753:GDR
2678:GDR
2628:JPN
2603:JPN
2578:JPN
2553:JPN
2528:TCH
2478:TCH
2453:SUI
2428:SUI
2403:SUI
2378:SUI
2300:USA
2277:BRA
2254:USA
2231:ROU
2208:PRK
2185:ROU
2162:RUS
2139:ROU
2116:HUN
2095:ROU
2072:URS
2049:ROU
2026:URS
2003:URS
1980:GDR
1957:TCH
1934:TCH
1911:URS
1888:URS
1788:PHI
1765:KOR
1742:PRK
1719:KOR
1696:POL
1673:ESP
1650:ESP
1627:RUS
1604:EUN
1581:CHN
1558:CHN
1535:URS
1512:URS
1489:GDR
1466:URS
1443:JPN
1419:JPN
1398:URS
1374:URS
1353:EUA
1330:URS
1307:FIN
1284:GER
1261:ITA
1238:SUI
1215:USA
1191:USA
1170:USA
1147:GER
903:doi
858:doi
718:FIG
686:FIG
626:FIG
589:FIG
548:PMC
530:doi
481:FIG
438:FIG
4619::
4583::
4558::
4533::
4508::
4483::
4458::
4433::
4408::
4383::
4358::
4333::
4308::
4283::
4258::
4233::
4208::
4183::
4158::
4133::
4108::
4083::
4058::
4033::
4008::
3983::
3958::
3933::
3908::
3883::
3858::
3833::
3808::
3783::
3758::
3733::
3708::
3683::
3658::
3609::
3584::
3535::
3460::
3435::
3410::
3385::
3360::
3335::
3310::
3285::
3260::
3235::
3210::
3185::
3160::
3135::
3110::
3085::
3060::
3035::
3010::
2985::
2960::
2911::
2886::
2861::
2836::
2811::
2786::
2737::
2712::
2687::
2662::
2637::
2612::
2587::
2562::
2537::
2512::
2487::
2462::
2437::
2412::
2387::
2362::
2286::
2263::
2240::
2217::
2194::
2171::
2148::
2125::
2081::
2058::
2035::
2012::
1989::
1966::
1943::
1920::
1897::
1874::
1858::
1774::
1751::
1728::
1705::
1682::
1659::
1636::
1613::
1590::
1567::
1544::
1521::
1498::
1475::
1452::
1429::
1384::
1339::
1316::
1293::
1270::
1247::
1224::
1201::
1156::
1133::
917:.
909:.
899:14
897:.
874:.
866:.
854:22
852:.
848:.
836:^
806:,
778:,
755:^
740:^
716:.
684:.
624:.
611:^
587:.
570:^
556:.
546:.
538:.
528:.
518:14
516:.
512:.
479:.
460:^
436:.
421:^
379:^
238:,
4601:)
4597:(
4576:)
4572:(
4551:)
4547:(
4526:)
4522:(
4501:)
4497:(
4476:)
4472:(
4451:)
4447:(
4426:)
4422:(
4401:)
4397:(
4376:)
4372:(
4351:)
4347:(
4326:)
4322:(
4301:)
4297:(
4276:)
4272:(
4251:)
4247:(
4226:)
4222:(
4201:)
4197:(
4176:)
4172:(
4151:)
4147:(
4126:)
4122:(
4101:)
4097:(
4076:)
4072:(
4051:)
4047:(
4026:)
4022:(
4001:)
3997:(
3976:)
3972:(
3951:)
3947:(
3926:)
3922:(
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