485:
444:"I refused to receive them, and Comrade Ahrens, who went out to them to find out what it was all about, disposed of them at once, telling them that they should put such matters before their Government. Now they are going about the town declaring that they will compel us to leave Switzerland by force, and so on. "As to whether the police are taking any measures for our safety, we have no idea. At any rate, it is not apparent on the surface. It is only too evident that behind these hooligan boys there is some conscious directing hand — possibly foreign. The Swiss Government, well aware of what is going on — for the papers are full of it — must bear responsibility for our safety. The behaviour of the Swiss Government is a shameful violation of the guarantees given at the beginning of the conference, and any attack on us in this particularly well-organised country is only possible with the knowledge and permission of the authorities. On them is the responsibility."
422:
504:
934:
31:
822:
The monument was created with the participation of the People's
Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, the NKVD and the USSR mission abroad, as evidenced by the inscription on the back of the pedestal. The monument is made in a lively, mobile manner, testifying to the impressionistic predilections of the
511:
In Moscow, on 11 May 1924, in the courtyard of a former apartment building of the First
Russian Insurance Company, a bronze monument of Vorovsky was erected under the project of sculptor Mikhail Kats. In connection with the installation of the monument and the demolition of the Vvedenskaya church
356:
In
December 1918, Sweden, responding to pressure on the part of the Allied powers who were intent upon imposing an unbreakable blockade, withdrew official recognition of Vorovsky as the representative of Soviet Russia. This action on the part of the Swedish government forced Vorovsky's return to
402:. In that capacity he was involved in attempts at negotiation of a trade agreement between the two countries, with a preliminary pact signed in December 1921. This success proved short-lived, however, as negotiations to extend the six-month treaty failed in May 1922.
448:
On the evening of 10 May 1923, Vorovsky was seated at a dining table in the restaurant of his hotel with his colleagues when the group was approached by an individual they did not know. The unknown figure, a
Russian
433:
of 1923. Accompanied by two diplomatic attachés, Vorovsky arrived in
Lausanne from Rome on April 27, hoping to force the conference's official participants to recognize Soviet interests in the Turkish
244:, "P. Orlovsky", as a tribute to this experience. During the course of his underground career, Vorovsky also used the pseudonyms "Y. Adamovich", "M. Schwarz", "Josephine", and "Felix Alexandrovich".
294:. Following the defeat of the 1905 uprising he moved to Odesa, where he was a leading underground Bolshevik from 1907 to 1912. In 1912, Vorovsky was arrested again, this time to be deported to
341:, remaining based in Stockholm. In Stockholm, Vorovsky was the point of contact between the new Bolshevik government and representatives of the government of Germany, being introduced by
534:
440:
On May 9, Vorovsky dispatched his final report to Moscow, noting that three days earlier a group of right wing youths had appeared at his hotel and sought a meeting. Vorovsky wrote:
248:
225:
In his autobiography, Vorovsky dated his involvement with the socialist movement from 1894, when he made contact with workers' circles in Moscow. He was arrested by the
969:
989:
484:
1049:
915:
Marabello, Thomas Quinn (2023) "The
Centennial of the Treaty of Lausanne: Turkey, Switzerland, the Great Powers and a Soviet Diplomat’s Assassination,"
1044:
377:
492:
A number of settlements and streets in dozens of cities in the USSR were named after
Vorovsky under Soviet rule. Among the significant renaming: Kiev
1039:
1029:
457:, pulled a gun and shot Vorovsky to death, wounding his two companions, Ahrens and Divilkovsky, in the attack. Conradi was defended by the advocate
526:
The
Palaces of Culture in the city of Konakovo, Tver region and in the city of Ramenskoye, Moscow region were named after Vatslav Vorovsky.
1004:
885:(The Council Against the Party). Geneva: Bonch-Bruevich and Lenin Publishing House of Social-Democratic Party Literature, November 1904.
1009:
1024:
964:
974:
1074:
1019:
1014:
1064:
1034:
399:
255:
Vorovsky emigrated to Europe in 1902, spending time in Italy, Germany, and
Switzerland. He acted as an agent for the newspaper
834:"ДК имени Воровского — Муниципальное Учреждение Культуры Дворец Культуры имени Воровского. город Раменское Московской области"
667:
Northern
Underground, Episodes of Russian Revolutionary Transport and Communications through Scandinavia and Finland 1863-1917
421:
270:
163:
357:
Russia the following month. This action taken against Vorovsky followed the actions taken by Great Britain in expelling
720:
The Soviets in World Affairs: A History of the Relations between the Soviet Union and the Rest of the World, 1917–1929.
430:
369:
182:
1069:
938:
1054:
999:
979:
209:
and engineer. His father died when he was a year old, and he was raised by his mother. Following the completion of
429:
Vorovsky's final diplomatic mission came in the spring of 1923, when he served as Soviet representative to the
346:
909:
512:
located at the corner of Kuznetsky Most and Bolshaya Lubyanka, the vacated place was named Vorovsky Square.
277:, Ukraine, but emigrated again in August 1904, to help launch the first exclusively Bolshevik publication,
994:
391:
In July 1920, Vorovsky resumed work as a Soviet diplomat, participating in diplomatic negotiations with
287:
169:. One of the first Soviet diplomats, Vorovsky is best remembered as the victim of a May 1923 political
1059:
652:
The Russian Revolution of 1905, The Workers' Movement and the Formation of Bolshevism and Menshevism
468:
Vatslav Vorovsky was 51 years old at the time of his death. He is buried in Mass Grave No. 7 of the
462:
984:
503:
469:
406:
373:
88:
854:
959:
954:
920:
546:
530:
334:
214:
337:
in November 1917, Vorovsky was named the Soviet government's diplomatic representative to
8:
516:
381:
350:
307:
198:
Vatslav Vorovsky was born on 27 October 1871 (n.s.) in Moscow, the son of an ethnically
823:
sculptor. The marble pedestal of the monument is made of stone sent by Italian workers
680:
458:
310:
in Russia, Vorovsky was appointed to three-man Bolshevik Stockholm Bureau, along with
461:
and later acquitted by the Swiss court in the epilogue of what would be known as the
450:
303:
533:
launched a Menzhinskiy-class (project 11351 - NATO Krivak III Class) ship named for
410:
385:
342:
210:
142:
722:
Second Edition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951; vol. 1, pg. 248.
625:
454:
149:
358:
315:
295:
291:
262:
233:
107:
P. Orlovsky, Y. Adamovich, M. Schwarz, Josephine, Felix Alexandrovich
55:
948:
558:
237:
203:
199:
170:
609:
Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern: New, Revised, and Expanded Edition
552:
493:
380:. He also served as one of the secretaries of the organization, along with
368:
In March 1919, Vorovsky served as a member of the Soviet delegation to the
362:
181:, where he was the official representative of the Soviet government to the
707:
A History of Soviet Russia: The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917–1923: Volume 3
338:
178:
77:
376:. He was named the representative of the Russian Communist Party to the
473:
311:
155:
325:, the State Publishing House, from its foundation in 1919 until 1921.
290:, Vorovsky returned to Russia, working actively as a revolutionary in
780:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1984; pg. 282.
434:
302:, where he worked as an engineer for the Swedish Lux company and for
299:
266:
241:
322:
206:
174:
166:
73:
247:
279:
229:
226:
159:
626:"Воровский Вацлав Вацлавович 1871-1923 Биографический Указатель"
154:
Wacław Worowski) (27 October 1871 – 10 May 1923) was a Russian
933:
392:
51:
30:
274:
257:
217:, where he was exposed to the ideas of political radicalism.
611:. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1986; pp. 498–499.
405:
Vorovsky was a member of the Soviet delegation to the 1922
894:(Literary-Critical Articles). Moscow: Gospolitizdat, 1948.
833:
921:
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol59/iss3/4
240:. Upon his release, Vorovsky adopted a new underground
685:
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970–1971)
561:, Russian ambassador to Turkey, assassinated in 2016
549:, Russian ambassador to Persia, assassinated in 1829
778:
The Genoa Conference: European Diplomacy, 1921–1922
555:, Soviet ambassador to Poland, assassinated in 1927
507:
Monument of Vatslav Vorovsky on the Vorovsky Square
361:in September 1918 and that of Germany in expelling
813:(London), vol. 2, no. 35 (June 9, 1923), pg. 547.
970:People from the Russian Empire of Polish descent
946:
162:revolutionary, literary critic, publicist, and
990:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
523:, was dedicated to him in honor of his death.
16:Russian revolutionary and diplomat (1871–1923)
805:"The Murder of Vorovsky," first published in
607:Branko Lazitch with Milorad M. Drachkovitch,
388:was tapped as president of the organization.
131:being the victim of a political assassination
788:
786:
409:, a group headed by Soviet Foreign Minister
1050:Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to Denmark
756:
754:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
425:Coffin of Vorovsky being carried in Berlin
298:province, in Russia. In 1915, he moved to
265:. In 1903 he was a founding member of the
29:
1045:Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to Sweden
783:
619:
617:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
488:Image of Vorovsky on a Soviet stamp, 1971
1040:Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to Italy
1030:Trade Representative of the Soviet Union
917:Swiss American Historical Society Review
855:"Coast guard patrol ships Project 11351"
847:
654:. Chicago: Chicago U.P. pp. 258–59.
502:
483:
420:
246:
772:
770:
751:
669:. London: Faber and Faber. p. 156.
664:
649:
947:
809:, (Moscow) May 15, 1923; reprinted in
614:
572:
283:(Forward), of which he was an editor.
271:Russian Social Democratic Labor Party
236:, then exiled in 1899 to the city of
767:
398:From 1921 to 1923, Vorovsky was the
378:Executive Committee of the Comintern
328:
213:. In 1890, Vorovsky enrolled at the
673:
623:
416:
353:during November and December 1917.
321:Vorovsky was the first director of
220:
13:
1005:Russian expatriates in Switzerland
898:
709:. London: Macmillan, 1953; pg. 23.
347:Social-Democratic Party of Germany
14:
1086:
1010:Soviet expatriates in Switzerland
926:
1025:Deaths by firearm in Switzerland
965:Russian people of Polish descent
932:
147:Ва́цлав Ва́цлавович Воро́вский;
975:Soviet people of Polish descent
826:
816:
799:
365:in November of that same year.
273:. During 1904, he was based in
232:in 1897, held for two years in
1075:Assassinated Russian diplomats
1020:Russian people murdered abroad
1015:People murdered in Switzerland
892:Литературно-критические статьи
811:Russian Information and Review
738:
725:
712:
699:
658:
643:
400:Soviet representative to Italy
193:
1:
1065:Soviet people murdered abroad
1035:Assassinated Soviet diplomats
887:—Reissued by Partizdat, 1933.
794:The Soviets in World Affairs,
565:
333:Following the victory of the
138:Vatslav Vatslavovich Vorovsky
23:Vatslav Vatslavovich Vorovsky
650:Schwarz, Soloman M. (1967).
188:
7:
540:
10:
1091:
288:Russian Revolution of 1905
919:: Vol. 59. Available at:
733:The Bolshevik Revolution,
665:Futrell, Michael (1963).
535:Vorovskiy (Воровский 160)
496:, which was renamed into
479:
127:
119:
115:diplomat, literary critic
111:
103:
95:
84:
62:
37:
28:
21:
1070:Assassinated ambassadors
876:
762:The Bolshevik Revolution
746:The Bolshevik Revolution
251:A young Vorovsky in 1899
1055:Soviet literary critics
1000:Russian revolutionaries
980:Politicians from Moscow
735:vol. 3, pg. 114, fn. 1.
500:between 1923 and 1937.
470:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
374:Communist International
89:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
748:, vol. 3, pp. 113–114.
508:
489:
446:
426:
306:. In 1917, after the
252:
183:Conference of Lausanne
506:
487:
442:
424:
250:
941:at Wikimedia Commons
908:(Vorovsky). Moscow:
883:Советъ против партии
547:Alexander Griboyedov
335:Bolshevik Revolution
261:, founded abroad by
215:University of Moscow
531:Russian Coast Guard
517:Vladimir Mayakovsky
431:Lausanne conference
382:Angelica Balabanova
351:Philipp Scheidemann
308:February Revolution
995:Russian communists
764:, vol. 3, pg. 121.
509:
490:
427:
345:to members of the
253:
937:Media related to
910:Molodaya Gvardiya
888:
859:russianships.info
498:Vorovskogo Street
435:Black Sea Straits
411:Georgii Chicherin
386:Grigorii Zinoviev
370:Founding Congress
329:Diplomatic career
304:Siemens-Schuckert
153:
146:
135:
134:
120:Years active
1082:
1060:Russian Marxists
939:Vatslav Vorovsky
936:
904:N. F. Piyashev,
886:
870:
869:
867:
865:
851:
845:
844:
842:
841:
830:
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796:vol. 1, pg. 409.
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758:
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687:. The Gale group
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417:Death and legacy
407:Genoa Conference
343:Alexander Parvus
221:Political career
211:secondary school
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104:Other names
69:
47:
45:
33:
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899:Further reading
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718:Louis Fischer,
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568:
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459:Théodore Aubert
455:Maurice Conradi
419:
331:
269:faction of the
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71:
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49:
48:27 October 1871
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985:Old Bolsheviks
982:
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928:
927:External links
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481:
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463:Conradi affair
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359:Maxim Litvinov
330:
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292:St. Petersburg
263:Vladimir Lenin
234:Taganka Prison
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128:Known for
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559:Andrei Karlov
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862:. Retrieved
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838:. Retrieved
836:(in Russian)
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689:. Retrieved
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633:. Retrieved
629:
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553:Pyotr Voykov
528:
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494:Khreshchatyk
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451:White émigré
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363:Adolph Joffe
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137:
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68:(1923-05-10)
960:1923 deaths
955:1871 births
705:E.H. Carr,
635:11 December
339:Scandinavia
286:During the
194:Early years
179:Switzerland
96:Nationality
78:Switzerland
66:10 May 1923
949:Categories
840:2021-08-23
691:26 January
681:"Gosizdat"
566:References
515:A poem by
476:, Moscow.
474:Red Square
349:including
312:Karl Radek
44:1871-10-27
906:Воровский
807:Izvestiia
792:Fischer,
519:, titled
300:Stockholm
267:Bolshevik
242:pseudonym
204:Russified
189:Biography
156:Bolshevik
123:1895–1923
541:See also
521:Vorovsky
323:Gosizdat
175:Lausanne
167:diplomat
91:, Moscow
74:Lausanne
912:, 1959.
864:27 June
630:Khronos
372:of the
296:Vologda
280:Vperyod
227:Tsarist
160:Marxist
143:Russian
99:Russian
760:Carr,
744:Carr,
731:Carr,
480:Memory
453:named
393:Poland
200:Polish
164:Soviet
150:Polish
52:Moscow
877:Works
275:Odesa
258:Iskra
238:Orlov
207:noble
866:2021
693:2016
637:2022
314:and
202:but
63:Died
38:Born
472:in
465:.
173:in
951::
857:.
785:^
769:^
753:^
683:.
628:.
616:^
574:^
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413:.
395:.
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318:.
185:.
177:,
158:,
76:,
54:,
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152::
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46:)
42:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
