Vasco da Gama - Knowledge

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Gama, whose tomb lay opposite his, likely during restoration works in 1841. Additionally, it was found that the casket moved in 1880 contained the bones of more than one person, whereas the other tomb contained only one skeleton. It was not until May 1898, during the celebrations of the fourth centenary of da Gama's arrival in Calicut, that the remains from the other tomb in the chapel of Vidigueira were moved to the Hieronymite monastery. In 1994, a member of the family that now owns the estate where da Gama's remains were until the 1880s claimed that the real bones of Vasco da Gama were located in an unmarked spot on the estate, purportedly having been hidden there by the estate's owner in the 19th century, the Visconde de Ribeira Brava.

1131:, a box with seven brass vessels, a chest of sugar, two barrels of oil and a cask of honey – were trivial, and failed to impress. While the Zamorin's officials wondered at why there was no gold or silver, the Muslim merchants who considered da Gama their rival suggested that the latter was only an ordinary pirate and not a royal ambassador. Vasco da Gama's request for permission to leave a factor behind him in charge of the merchandise he could not sell was turned down by the King, who insisted that da Gama pay customs duty – preferably in gold – like any other trader, which strained the relation between the two. Annoyed by this, da Gama carried a few Nairs and sixteen fishermen ( 1577:(the very same person who conducted da Gama to the Zamorin's chamber during his much celebrated first visit to Calicut in May 1498) for talks. Da Gama called him a spy, ordered the priest's lips and ears to be cut off and after sewing a pair of dog's ears to his head, sent him away. The Portuguese fleet then bombarded the unfortified city for nearly two days from the sea, severely damaging it. He also captured several rice vessels and cut off the crew's hands, ears and noses, dispatching them with a note to the Zamorin, in which Gama declared that he would be open to friendly relations once the Zamorin had paid for the items plundered from the feitoria as well as the gunpowder and cannonballs. 5436: 689: 618: 1543: 1063: 1075: 994:. Arab-controlled territory on the East African coast was an integral part of the network of trade in the Indian Ocean. Fearing the local population would be hostile to Christians, da Gama impersonated a Muslim and gained audience with the Sultan of Mozambique. With the paltry trade goods he had to offer, the explorer was unable to provide a suitable gift to the ruler. Soon the local populace became suspicious of da Gama and his men. Forced by a hostile crowd to flee Mozambique, da Gama departed the harbor, firing his cannons into the city in retaliation. 276: 1258: 1295: 1312:, might have endorsed the reward – after all, da Gama was a Santiago knight, one of their own, and a close associate of Lencastre himself. But the fact that Sines was awarded by the king provoked Lencastre to refuse out of principle, lest it encourage the king to make other donations of the Order's properties. Da Gama would spend the next few years attempting to take hold of Sines, an effort that would estrange him from Lencastre and eventually prompt da Gama to abandon his beloved Order of Santiago, switching over to the rival 1837: 1250:, and lingered there for a little while in mourning. He eventually took passage on an Azorean caravel and finally arrived in Lisbon on 29 August 1499 (according to Barros), or early September (8th or 18th, according to other sources). Despite his melancholic mood, da Gama was given a hero's welcome and showered with honors, including a triumphal procession and public festivities. King Manuel wrote two letters in which he described da Gama's first voyage, in July and August 1499, soon after the return of the ships. 1791: 1573:

to the Hindu king to expel all Muslims from Calicut before beginning negotiations, which was turned down. At the same time however, the Zamorin sent a message to his rebellious vassal, the Raja of Cochin, urging cooperation and obedience to counter the Portuguese threat; the ruler of Cochin forwarded this message to Gama, which reinforced his opinion of the Indians as duplicitous. After da Gama's demand for the expulsion of Muslims from Calicut, the Zamorin sent the high priest Talappana

2124: 1016: 1447: 1999: 1675: 1091: 1946: 1394: 744: 1485:(the son of Aires da Gama), which caught up to them in the Indian Ocean. The Fourth Armada was a veritable da Gama family affair. Two of his maternal uncles, Vicente Sodré and Brás Sodré, were pre-designated to command an Indian Ocean naval patrol, while brothers-in-law Álvaro de Ataíde (brother of Vasco's wife Catarina) and Lopo Mendes de Vasconcelos (betrothed to Teresa da Gama, Vasco's sister) captained ships in the main fleet. 841: 1612:, small nearby kingdoms at war with the Zamorin, whose alliances had been secured by prior Portuguese fleets. The 4th armada left India in early 1503. Da Gama left behind a small squadron of caravels under the command of his uncle, Vicente Sodré, to patrol the Indian coast, to continue harassing Calicut shipping, and to protect the Portuguese factories at Cochin and Cannanore from the Zamorin's inevitable reprisals. 939: 557: 1531: 1125:, but an interview with the Zamorin failed to produce any concrete results. When local authorities asked da Gama's fleet, "What brought you hither?", they replied that they had come "in search of Christians and spices." The presents that da Gama sent to the Zamorin as gifts from Dom Manuel – four cloaks of scarlet cloth, six hats, four branches of corals, twelve 1705:. Menezes also turned out to be incompetent and corrupt, subject to numerous complaints. As a result, John III decided to appoint Vasco da Gama himself to replace Menezes, confident that the magic of his name and memory of his deeds might better impress his authority on Portuguese India, and manage the transition to a new government and new strategy. 456:. The main spices at first obtained from Southeast Asia were pepper and cinnamon, but soon included other products, all new to Europe. Portugal maintained a commercial monopoly of these commodities for several decades. It was not until a century later that other European powers were able to challenge Portugal's monopoly and naval supremacy in the 1772:

arrival. As per royal instructions, da Gama was succeeded as governor of India by one of the captains who had come with him, Henrique de Menezes (no relation to Duarte). Da Gama's sons Estêvão and Paulo immediately lost their posts and joined the returning fleet of early 1525 (along with the dismissed Duarte de Menezes and Luís de Menezes).

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Ltd., a shipwreck recovery company. The vessel was identified through such artifacts as a "Portuguese coin minted for trade with India (one of only two coins of this type known to exist) and stone cannonballs engraved with what appear to be the initials of Vincente Sodré, da Gama's maternal uncle and

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in the city. However, Pedro Cabral entered into a conflict with the local Arab merchant guilds, with the result that the Portuguese factory was overrun in a riot and up to 70 Portuguese were killed. Cabral blamed the Zamorin for the incident and bombarded the city. Thus war broke out between Portugal

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The expedition had exacted a large cost – two ships and over half the men had been lost. It had also failed in its principal mission of securing a commercial treaty with Calicut. Nonetheless, the small quantities of spices and other trade goods brought back on the remaining two ships demonstrated the

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However, by 1884, Teixeira de Aragão, one of the advocates for the transfer of da Gama's remains to the monastery, discovered documents suggesting that the wrong remains had been exhumed from Vidigueira. Apparently, da Gama's gravestone had been exchanged with that of his great-grandson Francisco da

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that Bartolomeu Dias had discovered in 1487. This course proved successful and on 4 November 1497, the expedition made landfall on the African coast. For over three months the ships had sailed more than 10,000 kilometres (6,000 mi) of open ocean, by far the longest journey without landfall made

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After stopping at Cannanore, Gama drove his fleet before Calicut, demanding redress for the treatment of Cabral. Having known of the fate of the pilgrims' ship, the Zamorin adopted a conciliatory attitude towards the Portuguese and expressed willingness to sign a new treaty, but da Gama made a call

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island for a spell. They finally struck out for their Indian Ocean crossing on 3 October 1498. But with the winter monsoon yet to set in, it was a harrowing journey. On the outgoing journey, sailing with the summer monsoon wind, da Gama's fleet crossed the Indian Ocean in only 23 days; now, on the

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Vasco da Gama arrived back in Portugal in September 1503, effectively having failed in his mission to bring the Zamorin to submission. This failure, and the subsequent more galling failure of his uncle Vicente Sodré to protect the Portuguese factory in Cochin, probably counted against any further

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set out on many long reforms. To break the monarch's dependence on the feudal nobility, John II needed to build up the royal treasury; he considered royal commerce to be the key to achieving that. Under John II's watch, the gold and slave trade in West Africa was greatly expanded. He was eager to

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Vasco da Gama immediately invoked his high viceregal powers to impose a new order in Portuguese India, replacing all the old officials with his own appointments. But da Gama contracted malaria not long after arriving and died in the city of Cochin on Christmas Eve in 1524, three months after his

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had been reaching down the African coastline, principally in search of West African riches (notably, gold and slaves). They had greatly extended Portuguese maritime knowledge but had little profit to show for the effort. After Henry's death in 1460, the Portuguese Crown showed little interest in

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in 1518, Vasco da Gama threatened to do the same, prompting the king to undertake steps to retain him in Portugal and avoid the embarrassment of losing his own "Admiral of the Indies" to Spain. In 1519, after years of ignoring his petitions, King Manuel I finally hurried to give Vasco da Gama a

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The Portuguese government erected two navigational beacons, Dias Cross and da Gama Cross, to commemorate da Gama and Bartolomeu Dias, who were the first modern European explorers to reach the Cape of Good Hope. When lined up, these crosses point to Whittle Rock, a large, permanently submerged

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For the next two decades, Vasco da Gama lived out a quiet life, unwelcome in the royal court and sidelined from Indian affairs. His attempts to return to the favor of Manuel I, including switching over to the Order of Christ in 1507, yielded little. Almeida, the larger-than-life

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and chronicler Gaspar Correia, da Gama looted the ship with over 400 pilgrims on board including 50 women, locked in the passengers, the owner and an ambassador from Egypt and burned them to death. They offered their wealth, which "could ransom all the Christian slaves in the

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Da Gama's fleet finally arrived in Malindi on 7 January 1499, in a terrible state – approximately half of the crew had died during the crossing, and many of the rest were afflicted with scurvy. Not having enough crewmen left standing to manage three ships, da Gama ordered the

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His male-line issue became extinct in 1735, when the 7th Count of Vidigueira, Dom Vasco Baltasar José Luís Gama died, leaving only one daughter from his marriage, Dona Maria José da Gama, who inherited the Vidigueira estate. The title thus continued through this female-line.

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The violent treatment meted out by da Gama quickly brought trade along the Malabar Coast of India, upon which Calicut depended, to a standstill. The Zamorin ventured to dispatch a fleet of strong warships to challenge da Gama's armada, but which Gama managed to defeat

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and much more" but were not spared. Da Gama looked on through the porthole and saw the women bringing up their gold and jewels and holding up their babies to beg for mercy. The lives of twenty children were spared against a forced conversion to Christianity.

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On 8 July 1497 Vasco da Gama led a fleet of four ships with a crew of 170 men from Lisbon. The distance traveled in the journey around Africa to India and back was greater than the length of the equator. The navigators included Portugal's most experienced,

1814:, was erected in the early 1500s near the launch point of Vasco da Gama's first journey; its construction funded by a tax on the profits of the yearly Portuguese India Armadas. In 1880, what were believed to be da Gama's remains and those of the poet 1168:. The fleet did not make a stop, but passing before Mogadishu, the anonymous diarist of the expedition noted that it was a large city with houses of four or five storeys high and big palaces in its center and many mosques with cylindrical minarets. 1143:

Vasco da Gama left Calicut on 29 August 1498. Eager to set sail for home, he ignored the local knowledge of monsoon wind patterns that were still blowing onshore. The fleet initially inched north along the Indian coast, and then anchored in at

2018:, he was responsible for Portugal's success as an early colonizing power. Beside the fact of the first voyage itself, it was his astute mix of politics and war on the other side of the world that placed Portugal in a prominent position in 1054:, but other contemporaneous accounts place Majid elsewhere, and he could not have been near the vicinity at the time. None of the Portuguese historians of the time mentions Ibn Majid. Vasco da Gama left Malindi for India on 24 April 1498. 2789:

Castaneda, Herman Lopes de, The First Book of the Historie of the Discoveries and Conquests of the East India by the Portingals, London, 1582, in Kerr, Robert (ed.) A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels Vol. II, London,

1282:, was essential to Portuguese interests; its ports provided fresh water, provisions, timber, and harbors for repairs, and served as a refuge where ships could wait out unfavorable weather. One significant result was the colonization of 1002:

In the vicinity of modern Kenya, the expedition resorted to piracy, looting Arab merchant ships that were generally unarmed trading vessels without heavy cannons. The Portuguese became the first known Europeans to visit the port of

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under Sá arrived in Lisbon sometime in late July or early August. Da Gama and his sickly brother eventually hitched a ride with a Guinea caravel returning to Portugal, but Paulo da Gama died en route. Da Gama disembarked at the

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recorded an anti-colonialist song entitled "Colonial Man", which contains the lyrics "Vasco da Gama was no friend of mine", and another song entitled "Vasco da Gama (The Sailor Man)". Both songs were included in his 1976 album

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After leaving Malindi, the sailing was smoother. By early March, the fleet had arrived in Mossel Bay, and crossed the Cape of Good Hope in the opposite direction on 20 March, reaching the western coast of Africa by 25 April.

2889:) dates this appointment in January 1502, just before da Gama's departure on his second voyage. But Subrahmanyan (1997, p. 169), following Braancamp Freire, conjectures this award may have been made as early as January 1500. 5054: 5048: 4973: 4961: 729:

An explorer was needed who could prove the link between the findings of Dias and those of da Covilhã and de Paiva and connect these separate segments into a potentially lucrative trade route across the Indian Ocean.

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from da Gama's 1502–1503 fleet. The wreck was initially discovered in 1998. Later underwater excavations took place between 2013 and 2015 through a partnership between the Oman Ministry of Heritage and Culture and

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and Vila dos Frades. The decree granted Vasco da Gama and his heirs all the revenues and privileges related, thus promoting da Gama from a petty noble to one of the relatively few titled nobles in Portugal.

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Catarina de Ataíde's mother, Maria da Silva, was the sister of Beatriz da Silva, mother of Francisco de Almeida. The Almeidas provided a substantial part of Catarina's dowry (Subrahmanyan, 1997, p. 174).

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The spice trade would prove to be a major asset to the Portuguese royal treasury, and other consequences soon followed. For example, da Gama's voyage had made it clear that the east coast of Africa, the

2814:, wherein it is stated that the Zamorin "showed no signs of treachery" and that "on the other hand, da Gama's conduct in carrying off the five men he had entrapped on board his ships is indefensible."). 5273: 4858: 3246: 1693:), John III looked for a fresh start. Vasco da Gama re-emerged from his political wilderness as an important adviser to the new king's appointments and strategy. Seeing the new Spanish threat to the 5177: 4870: 5213: 2022:. Following da Gama's initial voyage, the Portuguese crown realized that securing outposts on the eastern coast of Africa would prove vital to maintaining national trade routes to the Far East. 5375: 5159: 5087: 5231: 1758:. The Portuguese crews were frightened, and one death occurred as a sailor jumped overboard in panic and drowned. Gama capitalized on the situation and so as to reassure his men cried out: 5111: 5081: 5069: 5451: 5411: 5183: 5021: 4666: 978:, South Africa) – where Dias had anchored – and sailed into waters previously unknown to Europeans. With Christmas pending, da Gama and his crew gave the coast they were passing the name 1265:). The outward route of the South Atlantic westerlies that Bartolomeu Dias discovered in 1487, followed and explored by da Gama in the open ocean, would be developed in subsequent years. 5505: 5249: 1121:, returned to Calicut on hearing the news of the foreign fleet's arrival. The navigator was received with traditional hospitality, including a grand procession of at least 3,000 armed 5135: 590:

Around 1480, da Gama followed his father (rather than the Sodrés) and joined the Order of Santiago. The master of Santiago was Prince John, who ascended to the throne in 1481 as King

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Early on the morning of September 8, as the ships laid becalmed near Dabul the sea began to boil and the vessels pitched and rocked violently for about an hour as the result of an

467:, the first and the fourth. The latter was the largest and departed for India three years after his return from the first one. For his contributions, in 1524 da Gama was appointed 5481: 5475: 5457: 479:

in 1519. He remains a leading figure in the history of exploration, and homages worldwide have celebrated his explorations and accomplishments. The Portuguese national epic poem,

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Estêvão da Gama married Isabel Sodré, a daughter of João Sodré (also known as João de Resende), scion of a well-connected family of English descent. Her father and her brothers,

5147: 5303: 5165: 5357: 4906: 1726:('Captain-major of the Indian Sea', commander of the Indian Ocean naval patrol fleet), to replace Duarte's brother, Luís de Menezes. As a final condition, Gama secured from 868:, and Afonso Gonçalves. It is not known for certain how many people were in each ship's crew but approximately 55 returned, and two ships were lost. Two of the vessels were 509:, he was born in a house near the church of Nossa Senhora das Salas. Some authors write that he was born in or around 1460, while others give 1469 as the year of his birth. 5099: 5003: 1824:), were moved to new carved tombs in the nave of the monastery's church, only a few meters away from the tombs of the kings Manuel I and John III, whom da Gama had served. 1848:

Dom Francisco da Gama, who inherited his father's titles as 2nd Count of Vidigueira and the 2nd "Admiral of the Seas of India, Arabia and Persia." He remained in Portugal.

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potential of great profit for future trade. Vasco da Gama was justly celebrated for opening a direct sea route to Asia. His path would be followed up thereafter by yearly

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as the priority, Vasco da Gama advised against the obsession with Arabia that had pervaded much of the Manueline period, and continued to be the dominant concern of

534:(civil governor) of Sines in the 1460s, a post he held until 1478; after that he continued as a receiver of taxes and holder of the Order's commendas in the region. 708:, overland via Egypt to East Africa and India, to scout the details of the spice markets and trade routes. The breakthrough came soon after, when John II's captain 5493: 5141: 5093: 4659: 5009: 4810: 1302:

In December 1499, King Manuel I of Portugal rewarded Vasco da Gama with the town of Sines as a hereditary fief (the town his father, Estêvão, had once held as a

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Note: The head of Portuguese India could have either the title of "Governor" or the more prestigious "Viceroy" though their responsibilities were the same

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across to the spice markets of India. John II set a new objective for his captains: to find a sea route to Asia by sailing around the African continent.

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The diary record of the expedition ends abruptly here. Reconstructing from other sources, it seems they continued to Cape Verde, where Nicolau Coelho's

4840: 553:, João Sodré, Vasco da Gama, Pedro da Gama and Aires da Gama. Vasco also had one known sister, Teresa da Gama, who married Lopo Mendes de Vasconcelos. 4918: 5487: 1038:, whose leaders were in conflict with those of Mombasa. There, da Gama and his crew contracted the services of a pilot who used his knowledge of the 436:

After decades of sailors trying to reach the Indies, with thousands of lives and dozens of vessels lost in shipwrecks and attacks, da Gama landed in

2672:; Waters, D.W. (1988) "Reflections Upon Some Navigational and Hydrographic Problems of the XVth Century Related to the voyage of Bartolomeu Dias", 1928: 4949: 2949: 2062:, prominently includes the character of Vasco da Gama. The events depicted, however, are fictitious. Meyerbeer's working title for the opera was 1067: 3863: 3734: 2170:. Although the final shortlist featured other Age of Discovery-related people, they were not actually explorers nor navigators for any matter. 414: 1339:("Admiral of the Seas of Arabia, Persia, India and all the Orient") – an overwrought title reminiscent of the ornate Castilian title borne by 3784: 2135: 1046:, located on the southwest coast of India. Sources differ over the identity of the pilot, calling him variously a Christian, a Muslim, or a 405:(1497–1499) was the first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and the Indian oceans. This was a milestone in 1225:. In the meantime, back in Cape Verde, da Gama's brother, Paulo da Gama, had fallen grievously ill. Da Gama elected to stay by his side on 1221:

arrived in Lisbon on 10 July 1499 and Nicolau Coelho personally delivered the news to King Manuel I and the royal court, then assembled in

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At this time in Portugal, there were only twelve other counts, one count-bishop, two marquises and two dukes (Subrahmaynam, 1997, p. 281).

1913: 5650: 1855:, serving from 1534 to 1539 (includes the last two years of his younger brother Paulo's term). He was subsequently appointed as the 11th 433:. The sum of the distances covered in the outward and return voyages made this expedition the longest ocean voyage ever made until then. 3753: 2025:

However, his fame is tempered by such incidents and attitudes as displayed in the notorious Pilgrim Ship Incident previously discussed.

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The expedition set sail from Lisbon on 8 July 1497. It followed the route pioneered by earlier explorers along the coast of Africa via

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ships in retaliation for peacetime depredations against Portuguese shipping – a task that da Gama rapidly and effectively performed.

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along the way from Africa to Asia. Traveling the ocean route allowed the Portuguese to avoid sailing across the highly disputed

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continuing this effort and, in 1469, licensed the neglected African enterprise to a private Lisbon merchant consortium led by

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Dom Álvaro de Ataíde da Gama, appointed captain of Malacca fleet in the 1540s, captain of Malacca itself from 1552 to 1554.

1333:(lord) in perpetuity for himself, his siblings and their descendants. On 30 January 1502, da Gama was awarded the title of 1308:). This turned out to be a complicated affair, for Sines still belonged to the Order of Santiago. The master of the Order, 700:

By the time Vasco da Gama was in his 20s, the king's plans were coming to fruition. In 1487, John II dispatched two spies,

5423: 5327: 4366: 2727: 1931:, the viceroy (1597–1600) and governor (1622–1628) of India, son of Vasco (3rd Count) and great-grandson of Vasco da Gama. 780: 275: 5690: 4750: 2664:, Lisbon: Agencia Geral do Ultramar; pp. 319–363; Axelson, E. (1988) "The Dias Voyage, 1487–1488: toponymy and padrões", 2497: 1717: 1689:

set about reviewing the Portuguese government overseas. Turning away from the old Albuquerque clique (now represented by

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Setting out in April 1524, with a fleet of fourteen ships, Vasco da Gama took as his flagship the famous large carrack

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A Portuguese East Indiaman from the 1502–1503 Fleet of Vasco da Gama off Al Hallaniyah Island, Oman: an interim report

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Dom Estevão da Gama, after his abortive 1524 term as Indian patrol captain, he was appointed for a three-year term as

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in the Parque das Nações has a mascot of a cartoon diver with the name of "Vasco", who is named after the explorer.

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After a troubled journey in which four or five of the ships were lost en route, he arrived in India in September.

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between Europe and Asia, which was conducted chiefly by land. At the time, this was virtually monopolized by the

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of Portuguese India in 1505, da Gama was conspicuously overlooked, and the post given to Francisco de Almeida.

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In March 2016, archaeologists working off the coast of Oman identified a shipwreck believed to be that of the

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The Sodrés were said to have been descended from Frederick Sudley, of Gloucestershire, who accompanied the

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Little is known of da Gama's early life. Teixeira de Aragão suggests that he studied at the inland town of

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Vasco Da Gama, Ernest George Ravenstein, "A journal of the first voyage of Vasco da Gama, 1497–1499", p.

2178: 726:) in modern-day South Africa and having verified that the unknown coast stretched away to the northeast. 5381: 5363: 4955: 4610: 3896: 3423: 2128: 5675: 5610: 5435: 4194: 3887: 3681: 3552: 2299: 1878: 1776: 1313: 962:, da Gama took a course south into the open ocean, crossing the equator and seeking the South Atlantic 688: 617: 5463: 4590: 4550: 4214: 4189: 4154: 653:. When Gomes' charter came up for renewal in 1474, Prince John (the future John II), asked his father 4702: 3991: 2697: 2303: 1679: 1634: 4565: 4422: 2393:

Holy War: How Vasco da Gama's Epic Voyages Turned the Tide in a Centuries-Old Clash of Civilizations

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By his appointment letter of February 1524, John III granted Vasco da Gama the privileged title of "

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also wrote three letters describing da Gama's first voyage soon after the return of the expedition.

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On the outgoing voyage, da Gama's fleet opened contact with the East African gold trading port of

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scuttled off the East African coast, and the crew re-distributed to the remaining two ships, the

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Axelson, Eric (1981). "Prince Henry the Navigator and the discovery of the sea route to India".

1542: 1466: 1062: 394:– 24 December 1524), was a Portuguese explorer and nobleman who was the first European to reach 4756: 4633: 4401: 4124: 4074: 3532: 2832:

Eric Axelson (1981). 'Prince Henry the Navigator and the discovery of the sea route to India',

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Dona Isabel de Ataíde da Gama, only daughter, married Dom Ignacio de Noronha, son of the first

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with the mission of making a treaty with the Zamorin of Calicut and setting up a Portuguese

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Asia and Western Dominance: A Survey of the Vasco da Gama Epoch of Asian History, 1498–1945

2148: 2117: 2109: 1755: 1727: 1713: 1686: 1371: 1340: 1226: 801: 654: 217: 97: 4336: 4134: 3971: 1874: 8: 4732: 4726: 4356: 4054: 3833: 3607: 3471: 2807: 2152: 2067: 2039: 2015: 1877:, captain of Malacca from 1538 to 1540; nominated to succeed in Malacca, but executed by 1815: 1654: 1350:

Around 1501, Vasco da Gama married Catarina de Ataíde, daughter of Álvaro de Ataíde, the

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In the meantime, da Gama made do with a substantial hereditary royal pension of 300,000

4967: 4674: 4560: 4555: 4427: 3961: 3728: 3336: 3148:. Robarts - University of Toronto. Coimbra : Imprensa da Universidade. p. 93. 2998: 2976:

Dana Thompson, Felicity Ruiz, Michelle Mejiak; 15 December 1998. Retrieved 8 July 2006.

2139:

Portuguese coin from 1969 commemorating the 500th anniversary of Vasco da Gama's birth.

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A storage ship of unknown name, commanded by Gonçalo Nunes, destined to be scuttled in

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Portrait of an aged D. Vasco da Gama, as Viceroy of India and Count of Vidigueira, in

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Vasco da Gama continued north, arriving on 14 April 1498 at the friendlier port of

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A Nautica dos Descobrimentos: os descobrimentos maritimos visitos por um navegador

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to Portugal in 1381, and subsequently settled there (Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 61).

2367:"Vasco da Gama | Biography, Achievements, Route, Map, Significance, & Facts" 2342:"Vasco da Gama | Biography, Achievements, Route, Map, Significance, & Facts" 1712:", being only the second Portuguese governor to enjoy that title (the first was 638: 4462: 4264: 4084: 3951: 3358: 2724: 2603:. Europe and the World in the Age of Expansion. Vol. 1. pp. 176–177. 2050: 1844:

Vasco da Gama and his wife, Catarina de Ataíde, had six sons and one daughter:

1694: 1518: 1165: 1083: 920: 642: 641:. Within a few years, Gomes' captains expanded Portuguese knowledge across the 580: 576: 4518: 2081:

composed an eponymous 1872 opera based on da Gama's life and exploits at sea.

1820: 1743:

on her last journey to India, along with two of his sons, Estêvão and Paulo.

1730:

the commitment to appoint all his sons successively as Portuguese captains of

1513: 1050:

Hindu. One traditional story describes the pilot as the famous Arab navigator

481: 5594: 4738: 4545: 4452: 4391: 4269: 3757:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 433–434. 3742: 3702: 3691:

Vasco da Gama (Ernst Georg Ravenstein, Gaspar Corrêa, Alvaro Velho) Viartis

2657: 2271: 2201: 2105: 2029: 1811: 1790: 1784: 1450: 1446: 1153: 1106: 903: 854: 550: 410: 4437: 4219: 594:. John II doted on the Order, and the da Gamas' prospects rose accordingly. 4774: 4580: 4498: 4493: 4289: 4114: 3936: 3569:

A World on the Move: The Portuguese in Africa, Asia, and America, 1415–1808

2216: 2207: 2113: 1888:

Dom Pedro da Silva da Gama, appointed captain of Malacca from 1548 to 1552.

1685:

After the death of King Manuel I in late 1521, his son and successor, King

1359: 975: 959: 893: 449: 4079: 2010:

Vasco da Gama is one of the most famous and celebrated explorers from the

1152:

Da Gama saw land again only on 2 January 1499, passing before the coastal

1015: 3956: 2811: 2311: 2307: 2046: 1574: 1298:

Vasco da Gama's signature (reads Ho Comde Almirante, "The Count Admiral")

1114: 666: 453: 441: 418: 2034: 1616:

rewards. When the Portuguese king Manuel I decided to appoint the first

1007:

from 7 to 13 April 1498, but were met with hostility and soon departed.

4570: 4432: 4094: 3931: 3841: 3505: 3340: 2123: 1998: 1970: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1810:, which later became the necropolis of the Portuguese royal dynasty of 1780: 1662: 1418: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1184:. While there he was also granted permission by the Sultan to set up a 963: 955: 926: 768: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 457: 1866:), captain of Malacca from 1533 to 1534, killed in a naval action off 598: 4284: 3966: 3746: 2806:(2006) Calicut University Publications (The incident is mentioned by 2194: 1609: 1196:, as it is still known locally, seems to be the only one of the many 1157: 1095: 1051: 1043: 437: 3332: 3159: 3001:, Calicut: The City of Truth (2006) Calicut University Publications. 1945: 1674: 1560: 1512:

travelling from Calicut to Mecca. Described in detail by eyewitness

1393: 1187: 1090: 982:, which carried the connotation of "birth of Christ" in Portuguese. 743: 4442: 3197: 1917: 1366:), and a prominent nobleman connected by kinship with the powerful 1145: 951: 565: 513: 505:

coast in southwest Portugal. According to the Portuguese historian

502: 199: 151: 1149:

return trip, sailing against the wind, it took more than 90 days.

572: 1867: 1731: 1363: 1118: 1117:(Zamorin), who was at that time staying in his second capital at 1079: 1039: 1035: 1023: 1004: 919:), a caravel, slightly smaller than the former two, commanded by 889: 873: 869: 682: 650: 602: 472: 2104:

in Goa that were also named after him. There exists a church in

1336:

Almirante dos mares de Arabia, Persia, India e de todo o Oriente

938: 597:

In 1492, John II dispatched da Gama on a mission to the port of

556: 3302:

The Globe Encompassed: The Age of European Discovery, 1500–1700

1762:

Friends, rejoice and be happy, for even sea trembles before us!

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On reaching India in October 1502, da Gama's fleet intercepted

1489: 1243: 1222: 1110: 1102: 840: 693: 674: 315: 195: 169: 3517:(revised ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. 2992: 1818:(who celebrated da Gama's first voyage in his 1572 epic poem, 1477:

Vasco da Gama invoked his royal letter to take command of the

844:

The route followed in Vasco da Gama's first voyage (1497–1499)

520:, who had served in the 1460s as a knight of the household of 512:

Vasco da Gama's paternal grandfather and namesake was born in

2639: 2071: 1924:, son of Francisco (2nd Count) and grandson of Vasco da Gama. 1493: 1027: 678: 561: 498: 395: 334: 2093: 1122: 358: 340: 323: 3713:. Vol. 5 (15th ed.). Chicago. pp. 100–101. 3247:"Shipwreck Discovered from Explorer Vasco da Gama's Fleet" 3221:"Vasco participa na maior Parada das Mascotes em Portugal" 2214:

Vasco da Gama appears as an antagonist in the Indian film

990:

Vasco da Gama spent 2 to 29 March 1498 in the vicinity of

3884: 3538:

A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama, 1497–1499

2574: 2572: 2166:

Vasco da Gama was the only explorer on the final pool of

1246:

to bury his brother at the monastery of São Francisco in

1113:

state of India) on 20 May 1498. The King of Calicut, the

583:, an astrologer and astronomer, but da Gama's biographer 352: 349: 331: 306: 1261:

Outward and return voyages of the Portuguese India Run (

4676:

Governors and Viceroys of the Portuguese State of India

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The Three Voyages of Vasco da Gama, and His Viceroyalty

3025:

Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire

2987:

Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire

2116:. The suburb of Vasco in Cape Town also honours him. A 1453:

of India, c. 1500, showing the path of Vasco da Gama's

2569: 2096:. There are three football clubs in Brazil (including 2185:

class frigates in total, of which the first one also

1862:

Dom Paulo da Gama (having the same name as his uncle

1042:

winds to guide the expedition the rest of the way to

367: 312: 309: 300: 409:

as and marked the beginning of a sea-based phase of

320: 303: 3541:. Translated by Ravenstein. London: Hakluyt Society 3408:. New Delhi and New York: Oxford University Press. 3049:, Issue 99 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society, 355: 346: 337: 328: 5208:Dom Manuel Francisco Zacarias de Portugal e Castro 5196:Dom Manuel Francisco Zacarias de Portugal e Castro 3706: 2077:in the role of da Gama. The 19th-century composer 1496:to tribute, extracting a substantial sum of gold. 560:Bronze statue of Vasco da Gama at his birthplace, 3630:Vasco da Gama e a Vidigueira: um estudo historico 3444: 3422: 2743: 2689: 2545:De Oliveira Marques, António Henrique R. (1972). 1641:, were the king's preferred point men for India. 1202:set up by da Gama to survive to the present day. 958:Islands. After reaching the coast of present-day 5601:Portuguese colonial governors and administrators 5592: 3406:Vasco da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia 2970:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1721: 1352: 1334: 1328: 1320: 1303: 1197: 1185: 872:, newly built for the voyage; the others were a 721: 624:and explorations: first arrival places and dates 529: 5049:Pedro António de Meneses Noronha de Albuquerque 3349:Dos feitos de D. Christovam da Gama em Ethiopia 2952:. Archived from the original on 18 January 2004 2600:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1850 2417:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580 440:on 20 May 1498. Unopposed access to the Indian 5118:Pedro Miguel de Almeida Portugal e Vasconcelos 3389:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 3387:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire 1415–1580 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2470: 942:Monument to the Cross of Vasco da Gama at the 579:and others have claimed that he studied under 541:and Brás Sodré, had links to the household of 4660: 3857: 3785:Vasco da Gama web tutorial with animated maps 3473:Vasco Da Gama and His Successors 1460 to 1580 3385:Diffie, Bailey W.; Winius, George D. (1977). 3124:, Dec. IV, Lib. 8, c. 2); Teixeira de Aragão 2913:Coromandel: a personal history of South India 2734:, Old News Publishing, Retrieved 8 July 2006. 2597:Diffie, Bailey W.; Winius, George D. (1977). 2320:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1126: 612: 545:, and were prominent figures in the military 231: 222:Estêvão da Gama, Governor of Portuguese India 5178:Dom Bernardo José Maria da Silveira e Lorena 3632:. Lisbon: Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa 3606: 3592:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 3566: 3448:Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration 3404:Disney, Anthony; Booth, Emily, eds. (2000). 3384: 3377:Facsimile reprint of an 1869 edition by the 2747:Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration 2693:Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration 2645: 2596: 2088:in Goa is named after him, as is the crater 2042:, largely concerns Vasco da Gama's voyages. 1066:The arrival of Vasco da Gama at Calicut, by 89:5 September 1524 – 24 December 1524 5172:Francisco António da Veiga Cabral da Câmara 3709:The New Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia 3500:(new ed.). London: Allen & Unwin. 3403: 2581: 2112:, and a private residence on the island of 1831: 1370:family (Catarina was a first cousin of Dom 628:From the earlier part of the 15th century, 5394:João António de Brissac das Neves Ferreira 5310:Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque 4667: 4653: 3864: 3850: 3733:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3531: 3085: 3083: 3081: 2247:Chronology of European exploration of Asia 2147:are named after the explorer, such as the 1929:Francisco da Gama, 4th Count of Vidigueira 421:and enabled the Portuguese to establish a 218:Francisco da Gama, 2nd Count of Vidigueira 54: 5226:Simão Infante de Lacerda de Sousa Tavares 5160:Dom Frederico Guilherme de Sousa Holstein 5055:António Luís Gonçalves da Câmara Coutinho 3642:Vasco da Gama, his voyages and adventures 2725:"Vasco da Gamma Seeks Sea Route to India" 2636:, fordham.edu Retrieved 16 November 2006. 1986:Learn how and when to remove this message 1775:Vasco da Gama's body was first buried at 1669: 1534:A depiction of da Gama's fleet (from the 1434:Learn how and when to remove this message 970:By 16 December, the fleet had passed the 828:Learn how and when to remove this message 3871: 3741: 3701: 3638: 3585: 3490: 3145:Brasões da Sala de Sintra, Livro Segundo 2906: 2904: 2779:. New York: Pearson/Longman. p. 50. 2415:Diffie, Bailey W. and George D. Winius, 2317:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 2134: 2122: 2066:. A 1989 production of the opera by the 1997: 1835: 1789: 1673: 1661:, who ceded him on payment the towns of 1559: 1541: 1529: 1499: 1465:, launched in 1500 under the command of 1445: 1384:4th Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1502) 1293: 1256: 1089: 1073: 1061: 1014: 937: 839: 687: 616: 555: 382: 5560:Fernando de Quintanilha e Mendonça Dias 5334:Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho de Albuquerque 3318: 3078: 2466: 2464: 1746: 1653:feudal title, appointing him the first 1594:in a naval battle before Calicut harbor 892:of 178 tons, length 27 m, width 8.5 m, 716:in 1488, having explored as far as the 524:. He rose in the ranks of the military 27:Portuguese explorer of Africa and India 14: 5593: 5214:Joaquim Manuel Correia da Silva e Gama 5016:Luís de Mendonça Furtado e Albuquerque 3612:The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama 3357: 3141: 3093:, Marshall Cavendish, 2005, pp. 75–76. 2915:. London: Little, Brown. p. 233. 2750:. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 2131:, now the National Pantheon in Lisbon. 1914:Vasco da Gama, 3rd Count of Vidigueira 933: 497:Vasco da Gama was born in the town of 401:His initial voyage to India by way of 292:Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira 4648: 3845: 3645:. Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard. 3512: 3469: 3430:. Basingstoke and Oxford: Macmillan. 3304:. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. 3244: 3014:(1967), p. 152. D. C. Books Kottayam. 2950:"Vasco da Gama Arrives in India 1498" 2910: 2901: 2475:. Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 27. 2454: 2452: 2390: 2298: 2270: 673:, which operated overland routes via 226:Cristóvão da Gama, Captain of Malacca 5322:Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral 5274:António César de Vasconcelos Correia 5112:Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses 5082:Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses 3299: 3280: 2774: 2461: 1968:adding citations to reliable sources 1939: 1906: 1416:adding citations to reliable sources 1387: 1327:. He was awarded the noble title of 766:adding citations to reliable sources 737: 657:to pass the African charter to him. 417:opened the way for an age of global 5388:Prince Afonso Henriques de Bragança 5066:Dom Rodrigo da Costa 1707–12 3639:Towle, George Makepeace (c. 1878). 3283:Vasco da Gama: Renaissance Crusader 3152: 2777:Vasco da Gama: Renaissance Crusader 448:, which was previously based along 415:discovery of the sea route to India 24: 5651:Infectious disease deaths in India 5452:Francisco Manuel Couceiro da Costa 5412:Eduardo Augusto Rodrigues Galhardo 5340:Vasco Guedes de Carvalho e Meneses 5088:Francisco José de Sampaio e Castro 3651: 3445:Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (2006). 3142:Freire, Anselmo Braamcamp (1921). 3027:, Faber & Faber, 2015, p. 134. 2989:, Faber & Faber, 2015, p. 131. 2937:The Kunjalis – Admirals of Calicut 2867:Diffie & Winius, 1977, p. 185. 2744:Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2006). 2690:Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2006). 2674:Revista da Universidade de Coimbra 2666:Revista da Universidade de Coimbra 2449: 2120:in Macau is also named after him. 1160:, then under the influence of the 692:Vasco da Gama leaving the port of 25: 5722: 5696:15th-century Portuguese explorers 5506:Pedro Francisco Massano de Amorim 5424:José Maria de Sousa Horta e Costa 5328:Augusto César Cardoso de Carvalho 5250:Francisco Xavier da Silva Pereira 4829:Dom António de Noronha "Catarraz" 4367:José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta 3762: 3476:. London: Meuthen & Co. Ltd. 3091:Vasco da Gama: So Strong a Spirit 2858:, Dec. I, Lib. IV, c. 11, p. 370. 2334: 2181:named after him. There are three 2127:Cenotaph to Vasco da Gama in the 1604:Da Gama loaded up with spices at 1057: 665:break into the highly profitable 501:, one of the few seaports on the 5711:15th-century Portuguese nobility 5656:Maritime history of South Africa 5434: 5376:Elesbão José de Bettencourt Lapa 5136:Manuel de Saldanha e Albuquerque 5070:Vasco Fernandes César de Meneses 3628:Teixeira de Aragão, A.C. (1887) 3470:Jayne, Kingsley Garland (1910). 3245:Romey, Kristin (14 March 2016). 3102:Subrahmanyam, 1997, pp. 343–345. 2276:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 2079:Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray 1944: 1392: 1377: 888:, commanded by Vasco da Gama; a 742: 528:. Estêvão da Gama was appointed 296: 274: 5470:Augusto de Paiva Bobela da Mota 5418:Arnaldo de Novais Guedes Rebelo 5316:Carlos Eugénio Correia da Silva 3800:Works by or about Vasco da Gama 3273: 3238: 3213: 3190: 3181: 3135: 3114: 3105: 3096: 3069: 3060: 3039: 3030: 3017: 3004: 2979: 2942: 2929: 2892: 2879: 2870: 2861: 2848: 2839: 2826: 2817: 2793: 2783: 2768: 2737: 2718: 2683: 2651: 2617: 2560: 2539: 2530: 2521: 2512: 2503: 2490: 1955:needs additional citations for 1508:, a ship of Muslim pilgrims at 1403:needs additional citations for 1213:separated from Vasco da Gama's 753:needs additional citations for 733: 645:, doing business in gold dust, 485:, was written in his honour by 407:Portuguese maritime exploration 5572:Manuel António Vassalo e Silva 5482:Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira 5476:Jaime Alberto de Castro Morais 5458:Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira 5232:José António Vieira da Fonseca 5039:Rodrigo da Costa 1686–90 4596:Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva 3614:. Cambridge University Press. 2527:Subrahmanyam, 1997, pp. 60–61. 2440: 2437:Subrahmanyam, 1997, pp. 61–62. 2431: 2422: 2409: 2384: 2359: 2292: 2264: 2157:Centro Comercial Vasco da Gama 1840:Coat of arms of Vasco da Gama. 1461:The follow-up expedition, the 32:Vasco da Gama (disambiguation) 13: 1: 5512:Acúrcio Mendes da Rocha Dinis 5500:Acúrcio Mendes da Rocha Dinis 5148:Filipe de Valadares Sotomaior 5076:Sebastião de Andrade Pessanha 4621:Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho 3567:Russell-Wood, A.J.R. (1993). 3549:– via Internet Archive. 3365:. Adamant Media Corporation. 3111:Subrahmanyam, 1997, pp. 11–16 2823:Da Gama's First Voyage p. 88. 2549:. Columbia University Press, 2252: 2098:Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama 2002:Portrait of Vasco da Gama by 1804:Monastery of the Hieronymites 1794:Tomb of Vasco da Gama in the 1740:Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai 1720:was simultaneously appointed 1551: 1492:and reduced the sultanate of 1217:and sailed on by itself. The 985: 915:(nickname, officially called 492: 429:and traversing the dangerous 388: 140: 61: 5701:15th-century Roman Catholics 5681:People from Portuguese India 5626:Viceroys of Portuguese India 5606:Maritime history of Portugal 5166:Francisco da Cunha e Meneses 5124:Francisco de Assis de Távora 4974:João da Silva Telo e Meneses 4962:João da Silva Telo e Meneses 4865:Dom Manuel de Sousa Coutinho 4418:Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira 3822:Governor of Portuguese India 3682:Resources in other libraries 2257: 1703:governor of Portuguese India 1623: 1580: 906:; similar dimensions to the 660:Upon becoming king in 1481, 543:Infante Diogo, Duke of Viseu 423:long-lasting colonial empire 7: 5536:José Ricardo Pereira Cabral 5400:João Manuel Correia Taborda 5370:João Manuel Correia Taborda 5358:Francisco Teixeira da Silva 5352:João Manuel Correia Taborda 5292:Joaquim José Macedo e Couto 5286:Januário Correia de Almeida 5256:Joaquim Mourão Garcez Palha 4799:Dom Constantino de Bragança 3351:Lisbon: Imprensa nacional. 3075:Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 304. 3036:Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 278. 2876:Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 168. 2845:Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 149. 2240: 1723:Capitão-mor do Mar da Índia 1564:St. Francis CSI Church, in 902:, commanded by his brother 712:returned from rounding the 444:boosted the economy of the 77:Viceroy of Portuguese India 10: 5727: 5691:Portuguese Roman Catholics 5524:João Carlos Craveiro Lopes 5268:José Joaquim Januário Lapa 4616:Pedro Fernandes de Queirós 3705:(1989). "Gamo, Vasco da". 3553:Cambridge University Press 3535:(1898). Ravenstein (ed.). 3012:A Survey of Kerala History 2804:Calicut: The City of Truth 2698:W. W. Norton & Company 2536:Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 63. 2518:Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 62. 2509:Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 61. 2458:Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 59. 2446:Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 58. 2014:. As much as anyone after 1716:in 1505). His second son, 1584: 1548:Livro de Lisuarte de Abreu 1525: 1381: 1347:future India-bound fleet. 1289: 1010: 997: 929:(São Brás) in South Africa 613:Exploration before da Gama 167:(aged approximately 55–65) 29: 5581: 5444: 5431: 4901:André Furtado de Mendonça 4703:Lopo Soares de Albergaria 4683: 4629: 4531: 4471: 4410: 4314: 4307: 4020: 3877: 3828: 3819: 3811: 3677:Resources in your library 3515:The Age of Reconnaissance 3424:Fernández-Armesto, Felipe 3347:Castanhoso, M. de (1898) 3187:Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 2. 3120:See also Diogo do Couto ( 2278:(3rd ed.). Longman. 2143:A few places in Lisbon's 2004:António Manuel da Fonseca 1935: 1680:St. Francis Church, Kochi 1599: 1286:by the Portuguese Crown. 1138: 1135:) off with him by force. 1094:Landmark in Kappad, near 1078:Vasco da Gama before the 282: 270: 259: 239: 213: 205: 187: 179: 161: 136: 131: 127: 115: 103: 93: 82: 75: 71: 53: 41: 5530:Francisco Craveiro Lopes 5518:Alfredo Pedro de Almeida 5382:Rafael Jácome de Andrade 5364:Rafael Jácome de Andrade 5346:Francisco Maria da Cunha 5154:Dom José Pedro da Câmara 5100:João de Saldanha da Gama 5061:Caetano de Melo e Castro 5004:António de Melo e Castro 4998:Manuel Mascarenhas Homem 4992:Rodrigo Lobo da Silveira 4956:António Teles de Meneses 4853:Francisco de Mascarenhas 4691:Dom Francisco de Almeida 4327:Alexandre de Serpa Pinto 3897:Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia 3826:September−December 1524 3586:Scammell, G. V. (1981). 3451:. W.W. Norton. pp. 3321:The Geographical Journal 3128:, and Castanhoso (1898: 2834:The Geographical Journal 2730:22 December 2011 at the 2676:, Vol. 34, pp. 275–347. 2566:Parry, 1981, pp. 132–135 2129:Church of Santa Engrácia 1832:Marriage and descendants 1766: 1587:Battle of Calicut (1503) 1272:Portuguese India Armadas 1194:The Vasco da Gama Pillar 1030:, erected on the journey 522:Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu 465:Portuguese India Armadas 180:Cause of death 5464:José de Freitas Ribeiro 5304:António Sérgio de Sousa 5298:João Tavares de Almeida 5244:José Joaquim Lopes Lima 5220:Bernardo Peres da Silva 5202:Bernardo Peres da Silva 4938:Luís de Brito e Meneses 4913:Dom Jerónimo de Azevedo 4889:Martim Afonso de Castro 4847:Fernão Teles de Menezes 4727:Dom Henrique de Menezes 4709:Diogo Lopes de Sequeira 4591:Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo 4551:Antonio Díaz de Cardoso 4533:In foreign service 4332:André Álvares de Almada 4215:João Fernandes Lavrador 4190:João Afonso do Estreito 4155:Fernão Pires de Andrade 4105:Diogo Lopes de Sequeira 4100:Diogo Fernandes Pereira 3754:Encyclopædia Britannica 3571:. New York: Macmillan. 3300:Ames, Glenn J. (2007). 3281:Ames, Glenn J. (2004). 2911:Allen, Charles (2017). 2775:Ames, Glenn J. (2005). 2557:, pp. 158–160, 362–370. 2471:Ames, Glenn J. (2008). 2371:Encyclopedia Britannica 2346:Encyclopedia Britannica 2200:South African musician 1691:Diogo Lopes de Sequeira 1659:Jaime, Duke of Braganza 1020:Pillar of Vasco da Gama 463:Da Gama led two of the 384:[ˈvaʃkuðɐˈɣɐmɐ] 5686:People from Vidigueira 5494:Tito Augusto de Morais 4930:D. Francisco da Gama ( 4907:Rui Lourenço de Távora 4817:Dom António de Noronha 4805:Dom Francisco Coutinho 4757:Martim Afonso de Sousa 4634:Portuguese discoveries 4566:Gaspar Castaño de Sosa 4423:António Raposo Tavares 4125:Duarte Pacheco Pereira 3942:Diogo de Melo Coutinho 3777:28 August 2011 at the 3748:"Gama, Vasco da" 3200:. Centrovascodagama.pt 3198:"Centro Vasco da Gama" 2885:João de Barros (1552, 2632:28 August 2011 at the 2578:Scammell, 1981, p. 232 2168:Os Grandes Portugueses 2140: 2132: 2007: 1841: 1799: 1764: 1722: 1682: 1678:Gama's former tomb in 1670:Third voyage and death 1569: 1557: 1539: 1458: 1353: 1335: 1329: 1321: 1304: 1299: 1266: 1229:island and handed the 1198: 1186: 1127: 1098: 1087: 1071: 1031: 947: 845: 722: 697: 630:Portuguese expeditions 625: 622:Portuguese discoveries 568: 530: 475:, and was ennobled as 5280:José Ferreira Pestana 5262:José Ferreira Pestana 5043:Dom Miguel de Almeida 4925:Fernão de Albuquerque 4877:Dom Francisco da Gama 4871:Matias de Albuquerque 4859:Dom Duarte de Menezes 4835:António Moniz Barreto 4781:Dom Afonso de Noronha 4745:Dom Garcia de Noronha 4715:Dom Duarte de Menezes 4697:Afonso de Albuquerque 4443:Diogo Álvares Correia 4195:João Álvares Fagundes 4070:Cristóvão de Mendonça 4025:Afonso de Albuquerque 3927:Bartolomeu Perestrelo 3771:Round Africa to India 3589:The World Encompassed 3513:Parry, J. H. (1981). 3165:World Digital Library 2985:Prof. Roger Crowley: 2668:, Vol. 34, pp. 29–55 2626:Round Africa to India 2473:The Globe Encompassed 2391:Nigel, Cliff (2011). 2233:the commander of the 2230:Blue Water Recoveries 2159:shopping centre. The 2138: 2126: 2001: 1839: 1793: 1760: 1677: 1631:Afonso de Albuquerque 1563: 1545: 1533: 1500:Pilgrim ship incident 1449: 1297: 1260: 1101:The fleet arrived in 1093: 1077: 1065: 1018: 941: 896:2.3 m, sails of 372 m 879:The four ships were: 843: 691: 620: 587:thinks this dubious. 559: 516:. Vasco's father was 252:Isabel Sodré (mother) 5406:Joaquim José Machado 5190:Dom Manuel da Câmara 5106:Pedro de Mascarenhas 5022:Dom Pedro de Almeida 4841:Dom Diogo de Menezes 4458:Martim Soares Moreno 4448:Domingos Jorge Velho 4382:Paulo Dias de Novais 4347:Francisco de Lacerda 4275:Pedro Álvares Cabral 4012:Tristão Vaz Teixeira 3997:Lançarote de Freitas 3992:João Gonçalves Zarco 3977:Gonçalo Velho Cabral 3922:Antoniotto Usodimare 3872:Portuguese explorers 3703:Campbell, Eila M. J. 3608:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay 3010:Sreedhara Menon. A. 2149:Vasco da Gama Bridge 2110:Vasco da Gama Church 1964:improve this article 1756:submarine earthquake 1747:The underwater quake 1728:John III of Portugal 1714:Francisco de Almeida 1687:John III of Portugal 1618:governor and viceroy 1467:Pedro Álvares Cabral 1412:improve this article 1372:Francisco de Almeida 1341:Christopher Columbus 1237:, to take home. The 1105:near Calicut on the 762:improve this article 655:Afonso V of Portugal 632:organized by Prince 471:, with the title of 380:European Portuguese: 98:John III of Portugal 60:Anonymous portrait, 30:For other uses, see 5706:Portuguese nobility 5646:Deaths from malaria 5621:Explorers of Africa 5566:Paulo Bénard Guedes 5554:José Alves Ferreira 5548:José Ferreira Bossa 5542:Paulo Bénard Guedes 5034:Francisco de Távora 5010:João Nunes da Cunha 4751:Dom Estêvão da Gama 4733:Lopo Vaz de Sampaio 4611:Ñuño Fernández Lobo 4479:António da Madalena 4357:Hermenegildo Capelo 4352:Gonçalo da Silveira 4255:Lourenço de Almeida 4235:João Vaz Corte-Real 4150:Fernão Mendes Pinto 4050:António de Saldanha 3834:Lopo Vaz de Sampaio 3831:Henrique de Menezes 3285:. London: Longman. 3251:National Geographic 2836:, 137, pp. 153–154. 2547:History of Portugal 2428:Jayne, 1910, p. 34. 2193:shipping hazard in 2153:Vasco da Gama Tower 2068:San Francisco Opera 2058:from a libretto by 2016:Henry the Navigator 1796:Jerónimos Monastery 1655:Count of Vidigueira 1479:Fourth India Armada 1463:Second India Armada 1233:over to his clerk, 934:Journey to the Cape 876:and a supply boat. 681:ports, through the 662:John II of Portugal 634:Henry the Navigator 592:John II of Portugal 585:Sanjay Subrahmanyam 477:Count of Vidigueira 192:Jerónimos Monastery 156:Kingdom of Portugal 122:Henrique de Meneses 44:Count of Vidigueira 5616:Explorers of India 5238:Manuel José Mendes 5184:Dom Diogo de Sousa 4968:Filipe Mascarenhas 4823:Dom Luís de Ataíde 4763:Dom João de Castro 4601:Luís Vaz de Torres 4586:Juan Díaz de Solís 4561:Ferdinand Magellan 4484:António de Andrade 4428:Baltasar Fernandes 3962:Fernando de Castro 3089:Patricia Calvert: 3023:Roger Crowley, in 2999:M. G. S. Narayanan 2141: 2133: 2040:Luís Vaz de Camões 2020:Indian Ocean trade 2008: 1922:military personnel 1883:Ethiopian-Adal war 1859:from 1540 to 1542. 1853:captain of Malacca 1842: 1800: 1777:St. Francis Church 1683: 1646:Ferdinand Magellan 1570: 1558: 1540: 1459: 1310:Jorge de Lencastre 1300: 1267: 1192:(a stone pillar). 1099: 1088: 1072: 1032: 948: 846: 698: 671:Republic of Venice 651:sub-Saharan slaves 626: 569: 507:Teixeira de Aragão 209:Catarina de Ataíde 5676:People from Sines 5611:Explorers of Asia 5588: 5587: 5142:João José de Melo 5094:Cristóvão de Melo 4980:Vasco Mascarenhas 4944:Miguel de Noronha 4919:Dom João Coutinho 4895:Aleixo de Meneses 4883:Aires de Saldanha 4793:Francisco Barreto 4787:Pedro Mascarenhas 4721:Dom Vasco da Gama 4678:(1505–1961) 4642: 4641: 4606:Manuel de Mederos 4541:Alberto del Canto 4527: 4526: 4342:Francisco Barreto 4337:Francisco Álvares 4303: 4302: 4280:Pedro Mascarenhas 4260:Miguel Corte-Real 4175:Gomes de Sequeira 4165:Gaspar Corte-Real 4135:Fernão de Loronha 4090:Diogo de Azambuja 4075:Cristóvão Jacques 3972:Gonçalo de Sintra 3840: 3839: 3829:Succeeded by 3815:Duarte de Menezes 3720:978-1-59339-236-9 3697:978-1-906421-04-5 3658:Library resources 3621:978-0-521-47072-8 3578:978-0-312-09427-0 3561:978-1-108-01296-6 3533:Ravenstein, E. G. 3524:978-0-52-004235-3 3483:978-0-548-00895-9 3462:978-0-393-06259-5 3437:978-0-7432-0248-0 3415:978-0-19-565181-2 3396:978-0-81-660782-2 3372:978-1-4021-9543-3 3311:978-0-13-193388-0 3292:978-0-321-09282-3 3225:Lisbon Oceanarium 2761:978-0-393-06259-5 2711:978-0-393-06259-5 2660:, C.V. (1951–52) 2648:, pp. 79–80. 2646:Subrahmanyam 1997 2610:978-0-8166-0850-8 2498:Earl of Cambridge 2482:978-0-13-193388-0 2402:978-0-06-173512-7 2327:978-0-521-15255-6 2285:978-1-4058-8118-0 2179:class of frigates 2145:Parque das Nações 2102:Vasco Sports Club 2084:The port city of 2056:Giacomo Meyerbeer 1996: 1995: 1988: 1907:Later generations 1896:Count of Linhares 1879:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim 1875:Cristovão da Gama 1857:governor of India 1699:Duarte de Menezes 1536:Livro das Armadas 1444: 1443: 1436: 1263:Carreira da Índia 1248:Angra do Heroismo 992:Mozambique Island 944:Cape of Good Hope 838: 837: 830: 812: 714:Cape of Good Hope 526:Order of Santiago 469:Governor of India 446:Portuguese Empire 431:Arabian Peninsula 427:Mediterranean Sea 403:Cape of Good Hope 286: 285: 235: 174:Kingdom of Cochin 110:Duarte de Menezes 16:(Redirected from 5718: 5438: 5130:Luís Mascarenhas 4811:João de Mendonça 4669: 4662: 4655: 4646: 4645: 4534: 4377:Lourenço Marques 4312: 4311: 4245:Jorge de Menezes 4210:João de Santarém 4160:Francisco Serrão 4120:Duarte Fernandes 4045:António de Faria 4040:António de Abreu 3907:Alvise Cadamosto 3902:Álvaro Fernandes 3890: 3882: 3881: 3866: 3859: 3852: 3843: 3842: 3812:Preceded by 3809: 3808: 3804:Internet Archive 3769:Vasco da Gama's 3758: 3750: 3738: 3732: 3724: 3712: 3646: 3625: 3603: 3582: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3528: 3509: 3487: 3466: 3441: 3419: 3400: 3376: 3344: 3315: 3296: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3257:on 16 March 2016 3253:. 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Narayanan 2797: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2741: 2735: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2687: 2681: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2594: 2579: 2576: 2567: 2564: 2558: 2543: 2537: 2534: 2528: 2525: 2519: 2516: 2510: 2507: 2501: 2494: 2488: 2486: 2468: 2459: 2456: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2429: 2426: 2420: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2268: 2108:, Kerala called 2012:Age of Discovery 1991: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1971: 1948: 1940: 1798:in Belém, Lisbon 1725: 1650:Crown of Castile 1648:defected to the 1556: 1553: 1455:4th India Armada 1439: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1419: 1396: 1388: 1356: 1338: 1332: 1326: 1307: 1252:Girolamo Sernigi 1201: 1191: 1130: 1026:, in modern-day 972:Great Fish River 867: 851:Pero de Alenquer 833: 826: 822: 819: 813: 811: 770: 746: 738: 725: 647:melegueta pepper 533: 393: 390: 386: 381: 374: 370: 365: 364: 361: 360: 357: 354: 351: 348: 343: 342: 339: 336: 333: 330: 326: 325: 322: 318: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 302: 278: 265:Viceroy of India 229: 165:24 December 1524 145: 142: 132:Personal details 118: 106: 87: 66: 63: 58: 39: 38: 21: 5726: 5725: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5715: 5666:Colonial Kerala 5591: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5577: 5488:Mariano Martins 5440: 5439: 5429: 5408:1897–1900 5174:1794–1806 5063:1702–1707 5057:1697–1701 5028:António Brandão 4934:) 1622–28 4879:1597–1600 4693:1505–1509 4679: 4673: 4643: 4638: 4625: 4532: 4523: 4514:Galeote Pereira 4504:Estêvão Cacella 4467: 4406: 4397:Sancho de Tovar 4387:Pero da Covilhã 4322:Afonso de Paiva 4299: 4250:Lopes Gonçalves 4180:Gonçalo Álvares 4170:Gaspar de Lemos 4130:Estêvão da Gama 4110:Diogo Rodrigues 4065:Bartolomeu Dias 4035:André Gonçalves 4016: 4007:Pedro de Sintra 3947:Diogo de Silves 3917:António de Noli 3912:Antão Gonçalves 3885: 3873: 3870: 3836: 3832: 3825: 3817: 3779:Wayback Machine 3765: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3666: 3665: 3661: 3654: 3652:Further reading 3649: 3622: 3600: 3579: 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5643: 5638: 5633: 5631:Da Gama family 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5575: 5569: 5563: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5539: 5533: 5527: 5521: 5515: 5509: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5467: 5461: 5455: 5448: 5446: 5442: 5441: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5421: 5415: 5409: 5403: 5397: 5391: 5385: 5379: 5373: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5343: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5259: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5073: 5067: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4986:Brás de Castro 4983: 4977: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4947: 4941: 4935: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4742: 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4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4055:António Galvão 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4030:Álvaro Martins 4027: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3987:João Fernandes 3984: 3982:João de Trasto 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3952:Diogo de Teive 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3893: 3891: 3886:In service of 3879: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3868: 3861: 3854: 3846: 3838: 3837: 3830: 3827: 3818: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3797: 3791: 3782: 3764: 3763:External links 3761: 3760: 3759: 3745:, ed. (1911). 3743:Chisholm, Hugh 3739: 3719: 3699: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3647: 3636: 3626: 3620: 3604: 3598: 3583: 3577: 3564: 3529: 3523: 3510: 3492:Panikkar, K.M. 3488: 3482: 3467: 3461: 3442: 3436: 3420: 3414: 3401: 3395: 3382: 3371: 3359:Corrêa, Gaspar 3355: 3345: 3327:(2): 145–155. 3316: 3310: 3297: 3291: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3237: 3212: 3189: 3180: 3151: 3134: 3113: 3104: 3095: 3077: 3068: 3059: 3038: 3029: 3016: 3003: 2991: 2978: 2941: 2928: 2921: 2900: 2891: 2878: 2869: 2860: 2847: 2838: 2825: 2816: 2792: 2782: 2767: 2760: 2736: 2717: 2710: 2682: 2650: 2638: 2616: 2609: 2580: 2568: 2559: 2538: 2529: 2520: 2511: 2502: 2489: 2481: 2460: 2448: 2439: 2430: 2421: 2408: 2401: 2383: 2358: 2333: 2326: 2291: 2284: 2272:Wells, John C. 2262: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2249: 2242: 2239: 2187:bears his name 2054:, composed by 1994: 1993: 1952: 1950: 1943: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1925: 1908: 1905: 1900: 1899: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1871: 1860: 1849: 1833: 1830: 1816:Luís de Camões 1768: 1765: 1748: 1745: 1695:Maluku Islands 1671: 1668: 1625: 1622: 1601: 1598: 1582: 1579: 1527: 1524: 1519:Kingdom of Fez 1501: 1498: 1442: 1441: 1400: 1398: 1391: 1382:Main article: 1379: 1376: 1291: 1288: 1166:Horn of Africa 1140: 1137: 1084:Veloso Salgado 1059: 1058:Calicut, India 1056: 1012: 1009: 999: 996: 987: 984: 967:by that time. 946:, South Africa 935: 932: 931: 930: 923: 921:Nicolau Coelho 910: 897: 836: 835: 750: 748: 741: 735: 732: 723:Rio do Infante 643:Gulf of Guinea 614: 611: 581:Abraham Zacuto 577:Gaspar Correia 494: 491: 487:Luís de Camões 284: 283: 280: 279: 272: 268: 267: 261: 257: 256: 254: 253: 250: 243: 241: 237: 236: 215: 211: 210: 207: 203: 202: 189: 185: 184: 181: 177: 176: 163: 159: 158: 138: 134: 133: 129: 128: 125: 124: 119: 113: 112: 107: 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 80: 79: 73: 72: 69: 68: 59: 51: 50: 47: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5723: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5580: 5574:1958–61 5573: 5570: 5568:1952–58 5567: 5564: 5562:1948–52 5561: 5558: 5556:1947–48 5555: 5552: 5550:1946–47 5549: 5546: 5544:1945–46 5543: 5540: 5538:1938–45 5537: 5534: 5532:1936–38 5531: 5528: 5526:1930–36 5525: 5522: 5520:1929–30 5519: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5508:1927–29 5507: 5504: 5502:1926–27 5501: 5498: 5495: 5492: 5490:1925–26 5489: 5486: 5483: 5480: 5478:1920–25 5477: 5474: 5472:1919–20 5471: 5468: 5466:1917–19 5465: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5454:1910–17 5453: 5450: 5449: 5447: 5443: 5437: 5426:1907–10 5425: 5422: 5420:1905–07 5419: 5416: 5414:1900–05 5413: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5396:1896–97 5395: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5384:1895–96 5383: 5380: 5378:1894–95 5377: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5366:1893–94 5365: 5362: 5360:1892–93 5359: 5356: 5354:1891–92 5353: 5350: 5347: 5344: 5342:1889–91 5341: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5330:1886–89 5329: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5318:1882–86 5317: 5314: 5312:1878–82 5311: 5308: 5306:1877–78 5305: 5302: 5300:1875–77 5299: 5296: 5294:1871–75 5293: 5290: 5288:1870–71 5287: 5284: 5282:1864–70 5281: 5278: 5276:1855–64 5275: 5272: 5270:1851–55 5269: 5266: 5264:1844–51 5263: 5260: 5258:1843–44 5257: 5254: 5252:1842–43 5251: 5248: 5246:1840–42 5245: 5242: 5240:1839–40 5239: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5228:1837–39 5227: 5224: 5222:1836–37 5221: 5218: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5198:1826–35 5197: 5194: 5192:1823–25 5191: 5188: 5186:1816–21 5185: 5182: 5180:1806–16 5179: 5176: 5173: 5170: 5168:1786–94 5167: 5164: 5162:1779–86 5161: 5158: 5156:1774–79 5155: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5144:1768–74 5143: 5140: 5138:1758–65 5137: 5134: 5132:1754–56 5131: 5128: 5126:1750–54 5125: 5122: 5120:1745–50 5119: 5116: 5114:1740–42 5113: 5110: 5108:1732–40 5107: 5104: 5102:1725–32 5101: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5090:1720–23 5089: 5086: 5084:1717–20 5083: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5072:1712–17 5071: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5051:1692–97 5050: 5047: 5045:1690–91 5044: 5041: 5038: 5036:1681–86 5035: 5032: 5030:1678–81 5029: 5026: 5024:1676–78 5023: 5020: 5018:1671–76 5017: 5014: 5012:1666–68 5011: 5008: 5006:1662–66 5005: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4994:1655–56 4993: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4982:1652–55 4981: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4970:1644–51 4969: 4966: 4964:1640–44 4963: 4960: 4958:1639–40 4957: 4954: 4952:1635–39 4951: 4950:Pero da Silva 4948: 4946:1629–35 4945: 4942: 4940:1629–29 4939: 4936: 4933: 4929: 4927:1619–22 4926: 4923: 4921:1617–19 4920: 4917: 4915:1612–17 4914: 4911: 4909:1610–12 4908: 4905: 4903:1609–10 4902: 4899: 4897:1607–09 4896: 4893: 4891:1605–07 4890: 4887: 4885:1600–05 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4873:1591–97 4872: 4869: 4867:1588–91 4866: 4863: 4861:1584–88 4860: 4857: 4855:1581–84 4854: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4843:1576–78 4842: 4839: 4837:1573–76 4836: 4833: 4831:1571–73 4830: 4827: 4825:1568–71 4824: 4821: 4819:1564–68 4818: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4807:1561–64 4806: 4803: 4801:1558–61 4800: 4797: 4795:1555–58 4794: 4791: 4789:1554–55 4788: 4785: 4783:1550–54 4782: 4779: 4777:1549–50 4776: 4773: 4771:1548–49 4770: 4767: 4765:1545–48 4764: 4761: 4759:1542–45 4758: 4755: 4753:1540–42 4752: 4749: 4747:1538–40 4746: 4743: 4741:1529–38 4740: 4739:Nuno da Cunha 4737: 4735:1526–29 4734: 4731: 4729:1525–26 4728: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4717:1522–24 4716: 4713: 4711:1518–22 4710: 4707: 4705:1515–18 4704: 4701: 4699:1510–15 4698: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4670: 4665: 4663: 4658: 4656: 4651: 4650: 4647: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4628: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4556:Estêvão Gomes 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4546:Aleixo Garcia 4544: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4530: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4489:Bento de Góis 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4453:Duarte Coelho 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4409: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4392:Roberto Ivens 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4362:Jerónimo Lobo 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4313: 4310: 4306: 4296: 4295:Vasco da Gama 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4270:Paulo da Gama 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4240:Jorge Álvares 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4019: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3867: 3862: 3860: 3855: 3853: 3848: 3847: 3844: 3835: 3824: 3823: 3816: 3810: 3805: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3783: 3781:, fordham.edu 3780: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3767: 3766: 3756: 3755: 3749: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3722: 3716: 3711: 3710: 3704: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3689: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3664: 3663:Vasco da Gama 3659: 3644: 3643: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3599:9780520044227 3595: 3591: 3590: 3584: 3580: 3574: 3570: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3551:(reissued by 3540: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3443: 3439: 3433: 3429: 3428:Civilizations 3425: 3421: 3417: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3278: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3241: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3199: 3193: 3184: 3167: 3166: 3161: 3160:"The Lusiads" 3155: 3147: 3146: 3138: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3108: 3099: 3092: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3072: 3063: 3056: 3055:81-206-1136-5 3052: 3048: 3042: 3033: 3026: 3020: 3013: 3007: 3000: 2995: 2988: 2982: 2973: 2967: 2951: 2945: 2938: 2935:Nambiar O.K, 2932: 2924: 2922:9781408705391 2918: 2914: 2907: 2905: 2895: 2888: 2882: 2873: 2864: 2857: 2851: 2842: 2835: 2829: 2820: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2786: 2778: 2771: 2763: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2740: 2733: 2729: 2726: 2721: 2713: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2694: 2686: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2658:Gago Coutinho 2654: 2647: 2642: 2635: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2620: 2612: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2563: 2556: 2555:0-231-03159-9 2552: 2548: 2542: 2533: 2524: 2515: 2506: 2499: 2493: 2484: 2478: 2474: 2467: 2465: 2455: 2453: 2443: 2434: 2425: 2418: 2412: 2404: 2398: 2394: 2387: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2347: 2343: 2337: 2329: 2323: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2300:Jones, Daniel 2295: 2287: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2263: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2238: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2219: 2218: 2212: 2210: 2209: 2203: 2202:Hugh Masekela 2198: 2196: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2183:Vasco da Gama 2180: 2176: 2171: 2169: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2137: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2090:Vasco da Gama 2087: 2086:Vasco da Gama 2082: 2080: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2064:Vasco da Gama 2061: 2060:Eugène Scribe 2057: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2030:national epic 2026: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2005: 2000: 1990: 1987: 1979: 1969: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1953:This section 1951: 1947: 1942: 1941: 1930: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1904: 1897: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1838: 1829: 1825: 1823: 1822: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1763: 1759: 1757: 1752: 1744: 1742: 1741: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1681: 1676: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1621: 1619: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1597: 1595: 1588: 1578: 1576: 1567: 1562: 1549: 1544: 1537: 1532: 1523: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1474:and Calicut. 1472: 1468: 1464: 1456: 1452: 1451:Malabar Coast 1448: 1438: 1435: 1427: 1417: 1413: 1407: 1406: 1401:This section 1399: 1395: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1378:Second voyage 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1331: 1325: 1324: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1296: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1275: 1273: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1162:Ajuran Empire 1159: 1155: 1150: 1147: 1136: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1109:(present-day 1108: 1107:Malabar Coast 1104: 1097: 1092: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1069: 1068:Roque Gameiro 1064: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1008: 1006: 995: 993: 983: 981: 977: 973: 968: 965: 961: 957: 953: 945: 940: 928: 924: 922: 918: 914: 911: 909: 905: 904:Paulo da Gama 901: 898: 895: 891: 887: 886: 882: 881: 880: 877: 875: 871: 865: 860: 856: 855:Pedro Escobar 852: 842: 832: 829: 821: 818:February 2020 810: 807: 803: 800: 796: 793: 789: 786: 782: 779: – 778: 774: 773:Find sources: 767: 763: 757: 756: 751:This section 749: 745: 740: 739: 731: 727: 724: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 695: 690: 686: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 663: 658: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 635: 631: 623: 619: 610: 608: 604: 600: 595: 593: 588: 586: 582: 578: 574: 567: 563: 558: 554: 552: 551:Paulo da Gama 548: 544: 540: 539:Vicente Sodré 535: 532: 527: 523: 519: 515: 510: 508: 504: 500: 490: 488: 484: 483: 478: 474: 470: 466: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 434: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 411:globalization 408: 404: 399: 397: 385: 377: 376: 363: 293: 290: 281: 277: 273: 269: 266: 262: 258: 251: 248: 245: 244: 242: 238: 234: 233: 227: 223: 219: 216: 212: 208: 204: 201: 197: 193: 190: 188:Resting place 186: 182: 178: 175: 171: 164: 160: 157: 153: 149: 139: 135: 130: 126: 123: 120: 114: 111: 108: 102: 99: 96: 92: 86: 81: 78: 74: 70: 57: 52: 48:Vasco da Gama 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 18:Vasco de Gama 5661:Colonial Goa 5636:1460s births 4931: 4775:Jorge Cabral 4769:Garcia de Sá 4720: 4581:Jean Alfonse 4509:Fernão Nunes 4499:Domingo Paes 4494:Diogo Veloso 4294: 4290:Pero Escobar 4225:João Infante 4205:João da Nova 4200:João da Gama 4145:Fernão Gomes 4140:Fernão do Pó 4115:Diogo Soares 4060:António Mota 4002:Nuno Tristão 3937:Diogo Afonso 3888:Prince Henry 3820: 3770: 3752: 3708: 3672:Online books 3662: 3641: 3629: 3611: 3588: 3568: 3543:. Retrieved 3537: 3514: 3496: 3472: 3447: 3427: 3405: 3386: 3362: 3348: 3324: 3320: 3301: 3282: 3274:Bibliography 3259:. Retrieved 3255:the original 3250: 3240: 3228:. Retrieved 3215: 3202:. Retrieved 3192: 3183: 3170:. Retrieved 3163: 3154: 3144: 3137: 3121: 3116: 3107: 3098: 3090: 3071: 3062: 3041: 3032: 3024: 3019: 3011: 3006: 2994: 2986: 2981: 2954:. Retrieved 2944: 2936: 2931: 2912: 2894: 2881: 2872: 2863: 2855: 2850: 2841: 2833: 2828: 2819: 2803: 2795: 2785: 2776: 2770: 2746: 2739: 2720: 2692: 2685: 2673: 2665: 2661: 2653: 2641: 2625: 2619: 2599: 2562: 2546: 2541: 2532: 2523: 2514: 2505: 2492: 2472: 2442: 2433: 2424: 2416: 2411: 2392: 2386: 2374:. Retrieved 2370: 2361: 2349:. Retrieved 2345: 2336: 2315: 2312:Esling, John 2308:Setter, Jane 2304:Roach, Peter 2294: 2275: 2266: 2234: 2224: 2222: 2215: 2213: 2208:Colonial Man 2206: 2199: 2191: 2182: 2172: 2165: 2156: 2142: 2114:Saint Helena 2083: 2063: 2049: 2044: 2033: 2027: 2024: 2009: 1982: 1973: 1962:Please help 1957:verification 1954: 1901: 1843: 1826: 1819: 1801: 1774: 1770: 1761: 1753: 1750: 1738: 1736: 1707: 1684: 1643: 1627: 1614: 1603: 1590: 1571: 1547: 1535: 1505: 1503: 1487: 1476: 1460: 1430: 1421: 1410:Please help 1405:verification 1402: 1351: 1349: 1344: 1318: 1301: 1280:Contra Costa 1279: 1276: 1268: 1262: 1238: 1230: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1151: 1142: 1132: 1100: 1033: 1001: 989: 976:Eastern Cape 969: 960:Sierra Leone 949: 916: 912: 907: 899: 883: 878: 847: 824: 815: 805: 798: 791: 784: 772: 760:Please help 755:verification 752: 734:First voyage 728: 699: 659: 649:, ivory and 639:Fernão Gomes 627: 596: 589: 570: 536: 511: 496: 480: 462: 452:and coastal 442:spice routes 435: 413:. Da Gama's 400: 392: 1460s 291: 287: 232:Among others 230: 117:Succeeded by 84: 36: 5641:1524 deaths 4932:second time 4519:João Cabral 4402:Silva Porto 4230:João Serrão 3957:Diogo Gomes 3789:ucalgary.ca 3168:. 1800–1882 2812:The Lusiads 2700:. pp. 2051:L'Africaine 2047:grand opera 1881:during the 1821:Os Lusíadas 1575:Namboothiri 1555: 1560 1514:Thomé Lopes 1354:alcaide-mór 1239:São Gabriel 1231:São Gabriel 1215:São Gabriel 1178:São Gabriel 908:São Gabriel 885:São Gabriel 862: [ 667:spice trade 601:and to the 531:alcaide-mór 482:Os Lusíadas 454:West Africa 419:imperialism 144: 1460 105:Preceded by 65: 1525 5595:Categories 4571:George Ura 4438:Brás Cubas 4433:Borba Gato 4220:João Grego 4095:Diogo Dias 3932:Dinis Dias 3506:B000Q5T6X6 3230:10 January 3204:29 January 2624:Da Gama's 2395:. 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