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Since
Vararuci could not give an immediate answer, the King granted him 40 days to find out the same and to report back to the king. If he were unable to find the correct answer, he would be required to leave the court. Vararuci left the court in search of an answer and during his wanderings, on the last night of the stipulated period, Vararuci happened to rest under a tree. While half awake and half asleep Vararuci happened to overhear a conversation of the Vanadevatas resting on the tree regarding the fate of a newly born Paraiah infant girl and they were telling each other that the poor Brāhman who does not know that the verses beginning with "māṃ viddhi.." is the most important verse in Ramayana would marry her. Vararuci most pleased with his discovery returned to the court and told the king the surprising answer. The king was very pleased and Vararuci prevailed upon Vikramiditya to destroy all pariah infant girls recently born in a certain locality. The girl was not killed instead was floated down a river with a nail stuck through the heads. The rest of the legend is as described in the first version of the legend.
1077:
the door. While Shiva was thus speaking to his consort in private thus, Pushpadanta, one of Shiva's trusted attendants, a member of his gana, appeared at the door. Having denied entry and overcame by curiosity, Pushpadanta summoned his special powers to move about unseen and entered the chamber of Shiva and eavesdropped the entire story as told by Shiva. Pushpadanta then narrated the entire story to his wife Jaya and Jaya retold the same to
Parvati! Parvati became enraged and told Shiva: "Thou didst tell me any extraordinary tale, for Jaya knows it also." Shiva, due to his meditational powers, immediately knew the truth and told Parvati of the role of Pushpadanta in leaking the story to Jaya. Having heard this, Parvati became exceedingly enraged and cursed Pushpadanta to be mortal. Then he together with Jaya fell at Parvati's feet and entreated her to say when the curse would end. "A
918:
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his interest (ruchi) in the best (vara) things. It was also pronounced that he would be a world-renowned authority on grammar. Vararuchi was divinely blessed with a special gift: who could get anything by heart by hearing only once. In course of time
Vararuchi became a student of Varsha along with Indradatta and Vyādi. Though Vararuchi was defeated by Pāṇini in a test of scholarship, Vararuchi by hard work excelled Pāṇini in grammar. Later Vararuchi became a minister to King Yogananda of
1027:
the journey, he plucked a lotus flower from a stagnant pool and gave it to the Brāhmans and instructed them to give it to a hand which would rise from the Ganges and to say that it was a present for
Goddess Ganga from Pākkanār. They did as directed and returned with news of the miracle. Pākkanār then led them to a stagnant pool and said: "Please return the lotus flower, Oh! Ganga!". According to the legend, the same lotus flower instantly appeared in his hand.
1101:
When Kāṇābhūti had seen him and respectfully clasped his feet, Kātyāyana sitting down immediately spoke to him thus: "Thou art an observer of the good custom, how hast thou come into this state?" When Kāṇābhūti finished his story, Vararuchi remembered his origin, and exclaimed like one aroused from sleep: "I am that very
Pushpadanta, hear that tale from me." and Vararuchi told all his history from his birth at full length.
330:) canon. (A vārttika is defined as a single remark or a whole work attempting to present a detailed commentary.) In many accounts Katyayana has been referred to as Vararuci. Kātyāyana's Vārtikās correct, supplement, eliminate as unnecessary, or justify the rules of Pāṇini. In his Vajasaneyi Pratisakhya, he subjected about 1500 sutras of Panini to critical observations.
898:(symbolically corresponding to eighteen curries) and some rice which had been used an offering at the Vaisvadeva ceremony (symbolically equivalent to feeding a hundred a Brāhmans). Knowing this to be the work of the host's daughter and fully convinced of her superior intellect Vararuci expressed his desire to marry her. The desire was acceded to by the Brāhman.
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in his travels happened to pass by the house of this Brāhman and the Brāhman invited him to lunch with him. Vararuci accepted the invitation on condition that the Brāhman had to prepare eighteen curries and would give him what remained after feeding a hundred other Brāhmans. The host was puzzled. But his adopted daughter was unfazed. She placed a long
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addition to prose sections. Vararuchi's story is told in great detail in the first four chapters of this great collection of stories. The following is a very brief account of some of the main events in the life of
Vararuchi as told in this classic. It emphasises the divine ancestry and magical powers of Vararuchi.
404:, a language no longer extant. The book is divided into twelve chapters. The first nine chapters containing a total of 424 rules are devoted to Maharashtri and of the remaining three chapters, one each is devoted to Paisaci with 14 rules, Māgadhi with 17 rules, and Sauraseni with 32 rules respectively.
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Vararuchi then went to the tranquil site of the hermitage of Badarî. There he, desirous of putting off his mortal condition, resorted for meditation with intense devotion to that goddess and she, manifesting her real form to him, told him the secret of that meditation which arises from fire, to help
889:
After floating down the river through a long distance, the box came into the hands of a Brāhman who was bathing in the river. Finding a beautiful and charming little girl inside the box and accepting it as a divine gift he adopted her as his own daughter and helped her groom up accordingly. Vararuci
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Next day, the king saw
Vararuchi with a shaven head and asked him, "Vararuchi, why have you shaved your head all of a sudden?" Vararuchi replied: "O king, is there anything that a woman does not demand and a man does not readily concede? He would do anything, shave his head or neigh like a horse."
1100:
Once he went on a visit to the shrine of Durgā. Goddess Durga, being pleased with his austerities, ordered him in a dream to go to the forests of the
Vindhya to behold Kāṇābhūti. Proceeding to Vindhya, he saw, surrounded by hundreds of Piśāchas, that Paiśācha Kāṇābhūti, in stature like a śāla tree.
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There is another legend regarding the circumstances leading to
Vararuci's arrival in Kerala. In this legend, Vararuci appears as a very learned scholar in the court of Vikramaditya. Once King Vikramaditya asked Vararuci to tell him about the most important verses in the whole of Valmiki's Ramayana.
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There are several legends about these children of
Vararuci. In one such legend, Pākkanār tries to dissuade a group of Brāhmans who had resolved to go to Benares from so doing, by telling them that the journey to the sacred city would not be of productive of salvation. To prove the fruitlessness of
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King Nanda's queen also enacted the same drama of shunning his company. Nanda tried every trick he knew of to win her affection. King also failed in his efforts. Then the King fell on her feet and prayed: "My darling, I cannot live without you even for a while. Tell me what should I do to win back
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Pushpadanta was born as a mortal under the name of Vararuchi in the city called Kausāṃbi. Somadatta, a Brāhman, was his father, and Vasudatta his mother. Vararuchi was also known as Kātyāyana. At the time of his birth there was a heavenly pronouncement that he would be known as Varauchi because of
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to tell her a story nobody had heard before. After much persuasions Shiva agreed and narrated the story of Vidyadharas. To ensure that nobody else would hear the story, Parvati had ordered that nobody be allowed to enter the place where they were and Nandi (The Vehicle of Lord Shiva) kept guard at
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Brahmin named Somadeva. Nothing is known about the author other than that his father's name was Ramadevabatta. The work was compiled for the entertainment of the queen Suryamati, wife of king Anantadeva of Kashmir (r. 1063–81). It consists of 18 books of 124 chapters and more than 21,000 verses in
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At the end of these pilgrimages they reached Kerala and while in Kerala the woman bore him twelve children. All these children, except one, were abandoned on the wayside and were picked up members of different castes and were brought up according to the customs and traditions of those castes. They
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deals with all aspects of astronomy required for the preparation of the Hindu almanac. Chapter I is concerned with the computation of the sun, the moon and the moon's nodes, Chapter II with that of the planets. Chapter III is devoted to problems involving time, position and direction and other
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Many texts have been ascribed to Vararuci, such as Kerala-Vararuchi-Vakya, Kerala-Vararuchi-proktha, Kerala-dvādaśa-bhāva-vākyāni, Vararuchi-Kerala, Bhārgava-pañcāṅga etc. The Vararuchi, who is the author of the above works on astrology might be identical to Vararuchi of Kerala, but it is not
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Vararuchi's wife was one day annoyed with her husband and kept away from him. Extremely fond of his wife, the minister tried every possible tactics he could think of to please her. Every method failed. Finally he pleaded with her: "Tell me what can I do to make you happy." The wife said
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Days passed. One day while conversing with his wife about their past lives he accidentally saw a nail stuck in her head and he immediately knew her to be the girl whom he caused to be floated down a river. He realised the impossibility of altering one's fate and resolved to go on a
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In ancient India, grammar was the first and most important of all sciences. When one had first studied grammar, he could go in for learning any other science. This historical mindset justifies the great respect and prestige attributed to the ancient grammarians of India like
356:. They are all considered as derived from Sanskrit and developed by adopting deviations and by corruption. There is no complete agreement on what languages are to be included in this group. Prakrit is also closely connected with the development of
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on the tree to the effect that he would marry a certain, just then born, paraiya girl. This he tried to prevent by arranging, with the help of the king, to have the girl enclosed in a box and floated down a river with a nail stuck into her head.
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your love?" The queen said: "I will be happy if you pretend to be a horse, agree to be bridled and to let me ride you. While racing you must neigh like a horse. Is this acceptable to you?" "Yes," said the king and he did as his wife demanded.
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The name Vararuchi is associated with more than a dozen works in Sanskrit, and the name Katyayana is associated with about sixteen works. There are around ten works connected with astronomy and mathematics associated with the name of Vararuci.
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Raktamukha, the monkey, then told Karalamukha, the crocodile: "You wicked crocodile, you are a slave of your wife like Nanda and Vararuchi. You tried to kill me but your chatter gave away your plans." That's why the learned have said:
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is set in Pataliputra and it is dated to somewhere between the 1st century BCE and 2nd century CE. It might be the earliest Indian play extant. Some scholars are of the opinion that the work was composed in the 5th century CE.
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preliminaries like the precession of the equinoxes. Chapter IV deals with the computation of the lunar and solar eclipses. Chapter V is devoted to computation of the conjunction of the planets and of the planets and stars.
216:
sentences) which is a set of 248 numbers for calculating the position of the sun and moon. This work is also known by the name Vararuci-Vākyās. Vararuci is also believed to be the originator of the
308:('great commentary') of Patañjali on the Ashtadhyayi is one of the three most famous works in Sanskrit grammar. It was with Patañjali that Indian linguistic science reached its definite form.
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sarcastically: "Shave your head cleanly and prostrate before me, then I will be happy." The minister meekly complied with her wish and succeeded in winning back her company and love.
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Once upon a time, there was a much respected popular king called Nanda. He had a minister called Vararuchi. He was a very learned man well versed in philosophy and statecraft.
2177:
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681:. There might have been a very respected Vararuci in the court of one King Vikrama, but the identities of the particular Vararuci and the King Vikrama are uncertain.
1277:
2237:
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states that Vararuchi was the son of Govinda Swami i.e. Govinda Bhagavatpada. It also states that King Vikramaditya, Bhatti (the minister of King Vikramaditya) and
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forest under the name of Kāṇabhūti. When thou shalt see him, and calling to mind thy origin, tell him this tale; then thou shalt be released from this curse."
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550:
Though littérateur Vararuci is recorded to have composed several Kavyas, only one complete work is currently extant. This is a satirical monologue titled
2540:
296:. Pāṇini was an ancient Indian Sanskrit grammarian from Pushkalavati, Gandhara (fl. 4th century BCE). He is known for his Sanskrit grammar text known as
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Chandravākyās of Vararuci: A practical guide for calculating the position of the sun and moon, namely, tithi and naksatra, on any day of the year
152:
and it is believed that Vararuci himself was the inventor of this system of numeration. The eldest son of Vararuci of Kerala legend is known as
545:
312:(c. 3rd century BCE) was a Sanskrit grammarian, mathematician and Vedic priest who lived in ancient India. He is known as the author of the
67:. However, this identification of Vararuci with Kātyāyana has not been fully accepted by scholars. Vararuci is believed to be the author of
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region, as is clear from the introductory verses of the work. It has been shown that this treatise was originally produced around 1282
1775:
2152:
2560:
2555:
603:. There are several verses ascribed to Vararuci appearing in different literary works. Other works attributed to Vararuci are:
817:. It was originally published in 1909. The Vararuci legend is given in Volume 1 (pp. 120 – 125) in the discussion on the
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him to put off the body. Then Vararuchi, having consumed his body by that form of meditation, reached his own heavenly home.
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were all remarkable for their wisdom, gifted with the power of performing miracles, and were all believed to incarnations of
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1535:
1287:
1207:
758:, a renowned classical Sanskrit writer, widely regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist in the Sanskrit language
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302:(meaning 'eight chapters'). The Ashtadhyayi is one of the earliest known grammars of Sanskrit. After Pāṇini, the
2257:
1449:
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Statue of Nārānat Bhrāntan (The madman of Nārāṇatt), one of the twelve children of Vararuci of Kerala legends.
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55:
which is an elaboration of certain sūtrās (rules or aphorisms) in Pāṇini's much revered treatise on Sanskrit
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named Chandragupta and his Brahmin wife who was an astute astrologer, became king of Avanti and ruled until
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caste. Thurston has recorded that the discussion is based on a note prepared by L.K. Anantha Krishna Aiyar.
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2145:
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but is in fact a late forgery. This verse appears in the last chapter (Sloka 20 : Chapter XXII) of
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193:
60:
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204:. Based on this, Vararuci is supposed to have lived in the first half of the 4th century CE. The
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2187:
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The Prākrita-prakāsa or the Prākrit grammar of Vararuci with the commentary (Manorama) of Bhāmaha
574:(The kick) by Shyamalika. The collection along with an English translation has been published in
439:'s Brihatkathamanjari one can see that Katyayana was called Vararuci. The oldest commentator of
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2138:
1898:
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and published as a series of pamphlets during the years 1909 – 1934 is a definitive source of
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2130:
1690:
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196:. The eldest son of this Vararuci, the establisher of the first of the twelve clans, was one
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name of Vararuci. This gotra name was given to him by the unknown author of a commentary of
1797:
1052:('ocean of the streams of stories') is a famous 11th century collection of Indian legends,
844:. (An English language translation of the work has recently been published under the title
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153:
113:
8:
2406:
2309:
2242:
2222:
2207:
2089:
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2017:
1993:
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Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures
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253:
91:("ocean of the streams of stories"), a famous 11th century collection of Indian legends,
1022:(not adopted by anybody, deified as the god of silence sanctified on the top of a hill).
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wife came of age and the king abdicated in his favor. Once when he was resting under an
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2182:
1886:
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891:
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252:(c. 650 CE) of Kerala. Sundararaja, an astronomer from Tamil Nadu contemporaneous with
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1181:
1094:
2432:
1941:
1917:
1872:
1826:
1753:
1723:
1722:. Vol. 2 (2 ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. pp. 108–113.
1695:
1646:
1616:
1591:
1562:
1531:
1503:
1478:
1388:
1363:
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1307:. Vol. 1. New Delhi: J. Jetley for Asian Educational Services. pp. 120–124.
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814:
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Vararuci's name appears in a Sanskrit verse specifying the names of the 'nine gems' (
217:
145:
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698:
The names of the nine gems and their traditional claims to fame are the following:
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381:
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Vararuci is the name of the author of the oldest extant grammar of Prakrit, titled
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87:
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870:
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797:. This seven volume work is a systematic and detailed account of more than 300
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309:
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of depicting numbers, which has been used in the formulation of Chandravākyās.
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1967:(in Malayalam). Kottayam: Kottarathil Sankunni Memorial Committee. p. 44.
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1222:
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and the commentary contains several references to Vararuci. In five chapters
185:
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1747:
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has been identified with one Vararuci, possibly the author of the Vartikas,
289:
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possible to assert that he is the same as the author of the Chandra-Vākyās.
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313:
209:
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of the Moon at different intervals of time. These numbers are coded in the
133:
108:
82:
50:
957:
881:(ficus religiosa) tree he happened to overhear a conversation between two
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are King Nanda and Vararuci. This story appear as the fifth story titled
1118:
973:
775:
702:
669:
634:
558:(The mutual elopement) appears in a collection of four monologues titled
377:
173:
1212:. Hertford, England: Stephen Austin, Book Sellers to East India College.
618:
2518:
2427:
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1430:
1362:. Vol. 5 (Sasay To Zorgot). Sahitya Akademy. pp. 4495–44497.
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810:
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Vararuci was also a legendary figure in the Indian literary tradition.
489:
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241:
205:
201:
149:
129:
92:
78:
24:
1588:
Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies: The philosophy of the grammarians
1228:
Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies: The philosophy of the grammarians
708:
Kshapanaka, probably Siddhasena, a Jain monk, author of Dvatrishatikas
684:
The names of the nine gems are found in the following Sanskrit verse:
77:
language. Vararuci's name appears in a verse listing the 'nine gems' (
2500:
2470:
2401:
2217:
1982:(in Malayalam) (4 ed.). Thiruvananthapuram: Prabhath Book House.
1694:. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvy. Ltd. pp. 36 (note 5).
882:
874:
829:
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by Kottarathil Sankunny (1855–1937). This work originally written in
749:
721:
664:
495:
412:
385:
293:
249:
169:
141:
33:) is a name associated with several literary and scientific texts in
1581:
For more references on work relating to Kātyāyana's Vārtikās :
1433:, Madras, Kuppuswami Sastri Research Institute, 1962, pp. 135 – 249.
857:
848:.) The story of Vararuci is given in the narration of the legend of
615:, a Pratishakhya of the Samaveda; a lexicon; and, an alamkara work.
2512:
2494:
2452:
2287:
2197:
1645:(2 ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. pp. 1–5.
1057:
818:
755:
642:
428:
357:
353:
349:
100:
96:
34:
1665:
932:
1276:
V. P. Ramachandra Dikshitar; V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar (1952).
1255:(2 ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 45.
1086:
1069:
1061:
940:
866:
448:
444:
401:
393:
361:
339:
327:
316:, an elaboration on Pāṇini grammar. Along with the Mahābhāsya of
73:
56:
694: ratnāni vai vararucirnava vikramasya ||
376:. In this work Vararuci has considered four different dialects:
168:
Possibly there are at least three persons named Vararuci in the
126:
twelve clans born of a pariah woman (Parayi petta panthirukulam)
120:
were his brothers. Vararuci is the father figure in a legend in
1082:
1078:
989:
947:
944:
895:
841:
837:
501:
237:
189:
121:
38:
2160:
1867:
Kottarathil Sankunny (2008). T.C. Narayan (Translator) (ed.).
63:. Kātyāyana is believed to have flourished in the 3rd century
1939:
1916:. Vol. I. Asian Educational Services. pp. 120–125.
1250:
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named Supratîka, who has been made a Pisacha by the curse of
1073:
997:
802:
798:
690: vetālabhaṭṭa ghaṭakarpara kālidāsāḥ |
473:
416:
42:
1820:
1911:
1590:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. pp. 458–459.
1526:
Maurice Winternitz; Moriz Winternitz; Subhadra Jha (1967).
1302:
1230:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. pp. 458–459.
1177:
List of astronomers and mathematicians of the Kerala school
981:
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with his wife bathing in rivers and worshiping at temples.
833:
692: khyāto varāhamihiro nṛpate sabhāyāṃ
469:
389:
236:, popular in South India, . This Vararuchi belonged to the
213:
208:
tradition of Kerala ascribes to Vararuci the authorship of
137:
1161: By keeping his beak tightly shut.
688: dhanvantarikṣapaṇakāmarasiṃhaśaṅku
1687:
1551:
Leonard Bloomfield, Charles Francis Hockett, ed. (1987).
894:
leaf in front of Vararuci and served a preparation using
737:
known as the author of the sixteen stanza Niti-pradeepa (
678:
156:
and he is supposed to have lived between 343 and 378 CE.
64:
179:
1717:
1641:
Richard Pischel; (Translated by Subhadra Jhā) (1999).
968:(a Paraiya, sometimes identified with the Tamil saint
371:
321:
303:
297:
1940:
Rajan Chungath; K.D.Nambudripad (14 September 2000).
1748:
Translated by Csaba Dezső, Somadeva Vasudeva (2009).
1157: Their presence to the hunter.
619:
Vararuci, a 'gem' in the court of Samrat Vikramaditya
223:
200:
and he is supposed to have lived between 343 and 378
2090:"The Ocean of Story, Book I: Katha Pitha, Chapter 5"
2066:"The Ocean of Story, Book I: Katha Pitha, Chapter 4"
2042:"The Ocean of Story, Book I: Katha Pitha, Chapter 3"
2018:"The Ocean of Story, Book I: Katha Pitha, Chapter 2"
1994:"The Ocean of Story, Book I: Katha Pitha, Chapter 1"
1962:
1866:
1502:. American Philosophical Society. pp. 557–559.
1387:. American Philosophical Society. pp. 557–559.
1205:
595:
He is also said to have written two kavyas by names
1773:
1530:. Vol. III. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 458.
1497:
1425:(Moon sentences of Vararuci) Ed. as Appendix II in
1332:
1322:. American Philosophical Society. pp. 558–559.
1159: The crane eludes the hunter
657:, one of the nine gems listed in the verse, in his
194:
legend of the twelve clans born of the Pariah woman
1752:. Clay Sanskrit library. Vol. 49. NYU Press.
1610:
964:(a sage and a learned man raised by a washerman),
28:
1586:; Karl H. Potter; K. Kunjunni Raja, eds. (1990).
1226:; Karl H. Potter; K. Kunjunni Raja, eds. (1990).
2532:
1666:J J O'Connor and E F Robertson (November 2000).
1116:The characters in one of the several stories in
228:This astronomer is the author of the well-known
1977:
1772:For information about this treatise see :
1447:
1337:. American Philosophical Society. p. 558.
1155: Parrots sing and betray
1039:
562:, the other monologues in the collection being
128:. Vararuci of Kerala legend was also an astute
85:. Vararuci appears as a prominent character in
1935:
1933:
1776:"Kota Venkata Chelam – Ancient Indian History"
1407:
1008:woman, the only girl of the twelve children),
824:A slight variant of the legend can be seen in
641:, which is supposed to be a work of the great
451:who was also a rhetorician as well as a poet.
2146:
1980:Parayi Petta Panthirukulam (Children's novel)
1795:
1469:
1382:
1317:
1282:. Delhi: Motilal Barasidass. pp. 37–38.
1030:
786:There are several versions of these legends.
781:
546:List of Sanskrit plays in English translation
268:
748:in which a wife sends a message (reverse of
536:
525:
476:. They are the only sources of knowledge of
140:sentences), a set of numbers specifying the
1930:
649:. That the great Kalidasa is the author of
570:(Rogue and pimp confer) by Isvaradatta and
277:
163:
124:popularly referred to as the legend of the
2541:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
2162:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
2153:
2139:
1816:
1814:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1521:
1519:
1153: Silence is golden.
1108:
1018:(a Brahman, the madman of Nārāṇatt), and
1713:
1711:
1357:
914:. These children are known by the names:
282:
45:. This Vararuci is often identified with
1956:
1557:. University of Chicago Press. pp.
1500:Census of the exact sciences in Sanskrit
1335:Census of the exact sciences in Sanskrit
1320:Census of the exact sciences in Sanskrit
1201:
1199:
1197:
916:
865:In these legends, Vararuchi, a son of a
611:, a commentary on the Nirukta of Yaska;
71:, the oldest treatise on the grammar of
1811:
1774:Kota Venkata Chelam (17 January 2010).
1743:
1741:
1739:
1629:
1613:Ancient Indian History and Civilization
1516:
1463:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1216:
931:(a Brāhman who had performed Yajñam or
667:, who was born in 476 CE and wrote his
454:
192:. He is also the father figure in the
2533:
1912:Edgar Thurston; K. Rangachari (2001).
1708:
1615:. New Age International. p. 163.
1360:The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature
1303:Edgar Thurston; K. Rangachari (1909).
1251:Richard Pischel, Subhadra Jhā (1999).
677:is a later work of about 12th century
488:. The most important of these are the
333:
320:, this text became a core part of the
2503:(Mahishamangalam Sankaran Namputhiri)
2134:
1825:. Popular Prakashan. pp. 24–26.
1821:V.V. Mirashi, N.R. Navalekar (1969).
1412:. Chennai: Adyar Library. p. 56.
1385:Cesusus of Exact Sciences in Sanskrit
1194:
1012:(a Pānan, a singer in Thiruvarangu),
956:(a master carpenter and an expert in
1942:"Vararuchi and Mezhathol Agnihothri"
1736:
1457:Indian Journal of History of Science
1436:
860:Castes and tribes of Southern India
791:Castes and tribes of Southern India
180:Vararuci (Kerala, fourth century CE)
1914:Castes and tribes of Southern India
1305:Castes and tribes of Southern India
13:
1688:George Ghevarghese Joseph (2009).
1643:A grammar of the Prākrit languages
1253:A grammar of the Prākrit languages
1128:Strategy Four : Loss of Gains
789:One of these versions is given in
472:which give rules for constructing
232:, which is the source book of the
224:Vararuci (Kerala, 13th century CE)
14:
2592:
2238:Mazhamaṅgalaṃ Nārāyaṇan Naṃpūtiri
637:in 57 BCE. This verse appears in
607:, a book with didactic contents;
506:, written about 750 BCE; and the
188:in the astronomical tradition of
1796:Gunakar Muley (September 2000).
992:, a trader in salt and cotton),
653:is difficult to believe because
633:who is said to have founded the
629:) in the court of the legendary
244:. The treatise is also known as
2106:
2082:
2058:
2034:
2010:
1986:
1971:
1905:
1860:
1839:
1789:
1766:
1718:Anthony Kennedy Warder (1990).
1681:
1659:
1604:
1575:
1544:
1491:
1429:. Ed. T.S. Kuppanna Sastri and
1416:
1401:
510:, written about 200 BCE. Since
256:, has composed a commentary on
29:
1823:Kalidasa: Date, Life And Works
1554:A Leonard Bloomfield anthology
1376:
1351:
1326:
1311:
1296:
1269:
1244:
984:, an expert in martial arts),
673:in 499 CE or a little later.
590:
566:(The lotus gift) by Shudraka,
1:
2561:4th-century BC Indian writers
2556:Ancient Indian mathematicians
1963:Kottarathil Sankunni (1990).
1206:Edwards Byles Cowell (1854).
1187:
1000:, a manager of Akavur Mana),
873:, son of Chandragupta by his
494:, written about 800 BCE; the
248:and is based on the works of
132:believed to be the author of
49:. Kātyāyana is the author of
2576:3rd-century BC Indian people
2546:Ancient Sanskrit grammarians
2367:Laghuvivṛti (commentary on
1944:. Namboothiri Websites Trust
1847:"Lore and Legends of Kerala"
1528:History of Indian literature
1498:David Edwin Pingree (1970).
1333:David Edwin Pingree (1970).
741:) in tribute to Vikramaditya
7:
2489:Mahodayapuram (Kodungallur)
2278:Śaṅkara Varma of Kaṭattanāṭ
1871:. Oxford University Press.
1611:Sailendra Nath Sen (1999).
1165:
411:was also known by the name
372:
322:
304:
298:
10:
2597:
2566:Ancient Indian astronomers
2509:(Nilakantha Somayaji, etc)
2479:(Govinda Bhattathiri, etc)
2438:Madhava's correction terms
1869:Lore and Legends of Kerala
1031:Legend as per Aithihyamala
851:Parayi petta panthirukulam
846:Lore and Legends of Kerala
782:Vararuci of Kerala legends
543:
269:Vararuci (several persons)
2497:(Madhava of Sangamagrama)
2473:(Azhvanchery Thamprakkal)
2461:
2415:
2301:
2263:Śaṅkara of Mahiṣamaṅgalam
2168:
1477:. Springer. p. 995.
500:, written about 600 BCE;
388:, which evolved into the
2515:(Putumana Somayaji, etc)
2253:Parameśvara of Vațaśśeri
1978:P. Narendranath (2000).
1750:The Quartet of Causeries
1668:"The Indian Sulbasutras"
1448:K. Chandra Hari (2001).
744:Ghatakarpara, author of
705:, a medical practitioner
580:The Quartet of Causeries
278:Vararuci, the grammarian
164:Vararuci, the astronomer
19:(also transliterated as
2233:Madhava of Sangamagrama
1720:Indian Kavya Literature
1450:"Vakyakarana – A study"
1408:C. Kunhan Raja (1946).
950:maker by profession),
348:denotes a multitude of
2581:3rd-century BC writers
2462:Places associated with
2377:Mahābhāskarīya Bhāshya
2114:"A Three-in-One Story"
1383:David Pingree (1994).
1318:David Pingree (1994).
922:
774:Vararuchi, poet &
468:are appendices to the
283:The author of Vartikas
184:This Vararuchi is the
81:) in the court of one
37:and also with various
2464:members of the school
2374:Madhyamanayanaprakara
2349:Jyotiśśāstra-saṃgraha
2341:Jātaka-sāara-saṃgraha
2338:Grahacāraṇinibandhana
2308:Aryabhatiya-bhashya (
2198:Dāmodara of Vațaśreņi
2188:Azhvāñceri Taṃprākkaḷ
1691:A Passage to Infinity
1085:, is residing in the
920:
576:Clay Sanskrit Library
544:Further information:
491:Baudhayana Śulbasūtra
396:, the former form of
365:philosophical thought
114:Kottarathil Shankunni
2513:Sivapuram (Thrissur)
2448:Madhava's sine table
1798:"Vigyan Prasar News"
1124:A Three in One Story
935:ninety-nine times),
727:Sanku (little known)
516:Katyayana Śulbasūtra
508:Katyayana Śulbasūtra
497:Apastamba Śulbasūtra
484:. There are several
380:, the older form of
352:all originated from
154:Mezhathol Agnihothri
41:in several parts of
2310:Nīlakaņțha Sōmayāji
2243:Nīlakaņțha Sōmayāji
2208:Govinda Bhattathiri
928:Mezhathol Agnihotri
746:Ghatakarpara-kavya,
739:The Lamp of Conduct
631:Samrat Vikramaditya
599:(The necklace) and
568:Dhurta-vita-samvada
520:Vararuci Śulbasūtra
334:A Prākṛt grammarian
254:Nilakantha Somayaji
218:Katapayadi notation
198:Mezhattol Agnihotri
2228:Kochukrishnan Asan
2171:and mathematicians
1897:has generic name (
1459:. 36.3–4: 127–149.
1358:Mohan Lal (2006).
1020:Vāyillākunnilappan
923:
809:and the states of
554:. The work titled
518:is referred to as
478:Indian mathematics
2528:
2527:
2491:(Sankaranarayana)
2433:Kaṭapayādi system
2428:Drigganita system
2315:Candrachayaganita
2268:Putumana Somayāji
1923:978-81-206-0288-5
1878:978-0-19-569889-3
1832:978-81-7154-468-4
1759:978-0-8147-1978-7
1729:978-81-208-0445-6
1701:978-81-321-0168-0
1652:978-81-208-1680-0
1622:978-81-224-1198-0
1597:978-81-208-0426-5
1568:978-0-226-06071-2
1509:978-0-87169-213-9
1484:978-0-7923-4066-9
1394:978-0-87169-213-9
1369:978-81-260-1221-3
1344:978-0-87169-213-9
1262:978-81-208-1680-0
1237:978-81-208-0426-5
807:Madras Presidency
805:in the erstwhile
675:Jyotirvidabharana
651:Jyotirvidabharana
647:Jyotirvidabharana
639:Jyotirvidabharana
564:Padma-prabhritaka
503:Manava Śulbasūtra
447:an inhabitant of
146:katapayādi system
2588:
2485:(Sankara Varman)
2390:Sidhhantadarpana
2155:
2148:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1745:
1734:
1733:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1638:
1627:
1626:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1584:Harold G. Coward
1579:
1573:
1572:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1445:
1434:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1279:The Gupta Polity
1273:
1267:
1266:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1224:Harold G. Coward
1220:
1214:
1213:
1203:
1049:Kathasaritsagara
1042:Kathasaritsagara
1015:Nārānat Bhrāntan
660:Pancasiddhantika
609:Niruktasamuccaya
578:under the title
441:Prakrita Prakasa
433:Kathasaritsagara
421:Prakrita Prakasa
409:Prakrita Prakasa
375:
325:
307:
301:
246:Vākyapañcādhyāyī
88:Kathasaritsagara
69:Prākrita Prakāśa
32:
31:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2463:
2457:
2453:Parahita system
2416:Concepts/Topics
2411:
2297:
2273:Śankara Vāriyar
2258:Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa
2183:Acyuta Piṣāraṭi
2178:(Complete list)
2170:
2164:
2159:
2129:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1976:
1972:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1910:
1906:
1894:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1819:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1746:
1737:
1730:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1639:
1630:
1623:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1468:
1464:
1452:
1446:
1437:
1421:
1417:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1331:
1327:
1316:
1312:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1221:
1217:
1204:
1195:
1190:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1114:
1060:as retold by a
1045:
1033:
863:
784:
696:
693:
691:
689:
621:
593:
584:Ubhayabhisarika
556:Ubhayabhisarika
552:Ubhayabhisarika
548:
542:
539:Ubhayabhisarika
531:
460:
425:Prakritamanjari
336:
285:
280:
271:
234:Vākya Panchānga
226:
182:
166:
12:
11:
5:
2594:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2467:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2443:Madhava series
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2397:Tantrasamgraha
2394:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:Tantrasamgraha
2365:
2363:Kriyakramakari
2360:
2358:Karaṇapaddhati
2355:
2350:
2347:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:Gaṇitayuktayah
2327:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2105:
2081:
2057:
2033:
2009:
1985:
1970:
1955:
1929:
1922:
1904:
1877:
1859:
1838:
1831:
1810:
1788:
1765:
1758:
1735:
1728:
1707:
1700:
1680:
1658:
1651:
1628:
1621:
1603:
1596:
1574:
1567:
1543:
1536:
1515:
1508:
1490:
1483:
1473:, ed. (1997).
1462:
1435:
1423:Chandravākyāni
1415:
1400:
1393:
1375:
1368:
1350:
1343:
1325:
1310:
1295:
1288:
1268:
1261:
1243:
1236:
1215:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1164:
1151:
1113:
1107:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1023:
978:Vaduthala Nair
862:
858:Legend as per
856:
795:Edgar Thurston
783:
780:
779:
778:
772:
759:
753:
742:
728:
725:
709:
706:
686:
620:
617:
592:
589:
541:
535:
530:
526:Vararuci, the
524:
459:
453:
415:, perhaps the
407:The author of
373:Prākṛt Prakāśa
335:
332:
284:
281:
279:
276:
270:
267:
225:
222:
181:
178:
165:
162:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2593:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:Thrikkandiyur
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:Chandravakyas
2421:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:Jyotirmimamsa
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2283:Udayadivākara
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:Nīlakaṇṭha II
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:Govindasvāmin
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2115:
2109:
2091:
2085:
2067:
2061:
2043:
2037:
2019:
2013:
1995:
1989:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1965:Eithihyamaala
1959:
1943:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1895:|editor=
1888:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1848:
1842:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1815:
1799:
1792:
1777:
1769:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1669:
1662:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1599:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1570:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1547:
1539:
1537:81-208-0056-7
1533:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1486:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:Helaine Selin
1466:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1321:
1314:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1289:81-208-1024-4
1285:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1239:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:Chandravakyas
1170:
1169:
1162:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
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2223:Jyeṣṭhadeva
2169:Astronomers
1427:Vākyakaraṇa
1182:Vākyakaraṇa
1119:Pancatantra
1111:Pancatantra
1095:Pāṭaliputra
1054:fairy tales
974:Thirukkural
953:Perumtaccan
724:of Sanskrit
703:Dhanvantari
670:Aryabhatiya
635:Vikrama era
613:Pushpasutra
591:Other works
560:Chaturbhani
528:littérateur
486:Śulbasūtras
465:Śulbasūtras
457:Śulbasūtras
378:Maharashtri
262:Vākyakaraṇa
258:Vākyakarana
230:Vākyakaraṇa
174:South India
93:fairy tales
2535:Categories
2519:Tirunavaya
2407:Yuktibhāṣā
2381:Pañcabodha
2322:Drigganita
2318:Dasādhyāyi
2288:Vararuci I
2193:Citrabhānu
1431:K.V. Sarma
1188:References
1058:folk tales
986:Uppukootan
982:Kshathriya
904:pilgrimage
883:Gandharvās
811:Travancore
776:grammarian
770:astronomer
766:astrologer
717:Amarakosha
712:Amarasimha
663:refers to
626:navaratnas
537:Author of
437:Kshemendra
305:Mahābhāṣya
299:Aṣṭādhyāyī
206:manuscript
150:numeration
142:longitudes
130:astronomer
97:folk tales
79:navaratnas
61:Aṣṭādhyāyī
25:Devanagari
2551:Vyakarana
2501:Peruvanam
2477:Alathiyur
2471:Athavanad
2402:Venvaroha
2326:Dṛkkaraṇa
2302:Treatises
2218:Haridatta
2203:Devācārya
1887:cite book
830:Malayalam
750:Meghaduta
722:thesaurus
665:Aryabhata
605:Nitiratna
601:Charumati
512:Katyayana
480:from the
455:Vararuci
413:Katyayana
386:Sauraseni
350:languages
338:The term
323:vyākarana
318:Patañjali
310:Kātyāyana
294:Patanjali
250:Haridatta
118:Bharthari
47:Kātyāyana
21:Vararuchi
2495:Kudallur
2335:Golasara
2332:Golavada
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2050:14 April
2026:14 April
2002:14 April
1948:14 April
1852:18 April
1803:14 April
1781:14 April
1673:18 April
1166:See also
1006:Kṣatriya
937:Pākkanār
892:plantain
879:aśvastha
875:Kṣatriya
819:Paraiyan
756:Kalidasa
643:Kalidasa
429:Somadeva
358:Buddhist
354:Sanskrit
314:Varttika
101:Somadeva
52:Vārtikās
35:Sanskrit
17:Vararuci
1087:Vindhya
1070:Pārvati
1062:Saivite
1010:Pānanār
962:Rajakan
941:Paraiya
867:Brahmin
838:legends
449:Kashmir
445:Bhamaha
402:Paisaci
394:Magadhi
382:Marathi
346:Prakrit
328:grammar
74:Prākrit
59:titled
57:grammar
39:legends
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958:Vāsthu
948:basket
945:bamboo
896:ginger
842:Kerala
815:Cochin
803:tribes
799:castes
768:&
522:also.
474:altars
423:named
400:; and
398:Bihari
341:Prākṛt
290:Pāṇini
238:Kerala
190:Kerala
122:Kerala
30:वररुचि
2093:(PDF)
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1997:(PDF)
1453:(PDF)
1074:Shiva
1068:Once
998:Vysya
933:Yāgam
912:Viṣṇu
834:myths
470:Vedas
427:. In
417:gotra
362:Jaina
43:India
2121:2010
2100:2010
2076:2010
2052:2010
2028:2010
2004:2010
1950:2010
1918:ISBN
1899:help
1873:ISBN
1854:2010
1827:ISBN
1805:2010
1783:2010
1754:ISBN
1724:ISBN
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1675:2010
1647:ISBN
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