42:
390:. Nevertheless, the existing marriage to the Gothic Princess was no obstacle. A pretext to get rid of her was easy to find. The princess was accused of wanting to poison Geiseric. She was punished for this by mutilation of her face, without ears and nose she was sent back to her father. The incident produced an immortal enmity between these kings. Theoderic I soon sought a new ally by marrying another daughter to
406:
After the conquest of
Carthage, most landowners who were part of the Roman senatorial class were forced to leave the coasts of Africa, some sailed to Italy, others sought refuge in the east. In the other parts of his empire Geiseric does not seem to have taken such extreme measures. He thought it was
402:
For the Romans, the ceding of the rich province of Africa
Proconsularis was a great bloodletting. The West lost its grain deliveries from Africa, but even more importantly also the tax revenues, with which it, among other things, financed its expensive army of military forces. It is not known whether
312:, the third largest city of the Romans, was taken on October 19, 439 without any struggle. As a result, part of the Mediterranean Sea Fleet fell into the hands of the Vandals. In Italy, this news caused the necessary fear, as the cities of Rome and Naples were brought into a state of defense and
352:
The following year
Theodosius had prepared a large naval squadron sailing westward, with the aim of freeing Carthage from the Vandals. Prosper writes that the imperial fleet was commanded by three generals, Areobindus, Ansila and Germanus This expedition arrived in Sicily in 441 after which the
203:
Little is known about the course of this war and the battles that took place. Only in broad outlines can the course of the war be reconstructed, for there is not a single complete report of the battles that happened. The little that has been written down is based on fragments of chroniclers and
365:
Eventually, a new peace treaty was concluded in 442. The Treaty of 442 replaced the old treaty of 435 and divided Africa again between the two powers. For the
Vandals it was more advantageous, the Western Roman Empire retained the provinces of Tripolitania, Mauretania sitifensis, Mauretania
377:
Aetius had every interest in the West having good relations with
Geiseric, in order to prevent him from having a pretext for attacks on Sicily, or Sardinia, or Italy itself. It is suspected that he managed to persuade Valentinianus to agree to the engagement between his eldest daughter
271:
After signing the peace in 435, Geiserics' ambition for more power had not disappeared. In peace he prepared for a new war. When it became clear to him that Aetius, the commander-in-chief of the Roman army, had to focus all his attention to preserve Gaul, first by defeating the
340:. In the eastern part of the Roman Empire, considerable preparations were made to go to war against the Vandals. Because of this threat, Geyseric returned his fleet to Africa in 440. Prosper attributes his return to Africa to an attack on Carthage by
403:
the Treaty of 442 also provided for a scheme to provide Italy with grain. Nevertheless, it is assumed that these were continued. It was clearly in the interest of the new owners to send the grain surplus to the
Italian markets.
300:
to confront Aetius were ever sent back to Africa. Consequently, it is clear that
Geiserik had to deal with a weak army in Africa, but an army that could be strengthened from Italy if the war against the Goths were to be won.
234:. This conquest ended in a stalemate, because none of the parties involved achieved the final victory. Finally, in 435 a peace settlement was reached in which the Vandals distanced themselves from the Roman provinces
353:
island was purged of
Vandals. Awaiting the Imperial Fleet, Geyseric sent negotiators to talk about peace. This diplomatic consultation took a lot of time, and in the meantime an invasion of the
386:. It is very likely that this arrangement was already considered at the time of the drafting of the treaty. But Hunerik was already married to the daughter of the Visigothic king
292:
and twice when it was reinforced by troops from the east, so the trust must have been great with him. It is almost certain that the eastern troops had returned home with
328:
Geiseric may have been aware that preparations had been made against him in Italy, because after the conquest of
Carthage he concentrated his attack on
366:
Caesariensis and parts of
Numidia, while the Vandals were allowed to call themselves masters of the rest of that province and whole
665:
636:
563:
503:
527:
344:(the son-in-law of Boniface), who attacked Africa from Spain. This Sebastianus may have been commissioned by Theodosius.
685:
680:
228:
A few years before, the Vandals led by Geiseric had crossed from Spain to North-Africa, which period is known as the
230:
456:
316:, master of soldiers, took steps to guard the shores. Aetius and his army were called from Gaul and the emperor
477:
341:
336:. He failed to conquer the city, but burned the island and possibly, although not certainly, occupied the city
148:
273:
357:
forced Theodosius to bring back his fleet. So the emperors were limited to make a detrimental peace.
304:
In mid-October 439 Geiseric violated the peace treaty with the Romans by invading the Roman province
204:
occasional references from poets, rhetoricians and theologians. The main source about the events are
243:
28:
467:
675:
670:
239:
138:
297:
296:
in 439. Moreover, it is not known whether the troops that Bonifatius brought to Italy in the
367:
288:
Geiseric had defeated the Roman army in Africa twice, once in the battle of Calama against
277:
251:
235:
176:
118:
114:
8:
473:
184:
426:
192:
144:
659:
317:
41:
33:
421:
205:
431:
387:
313:
213:
69:
289:
255:
528:
Assignment to strengthen the city walls in Naples by Valentinian III
436:
416:
371:
309:
305:
217:
209:
188:
130:
391:
383:
379:
337:
333:
180:
134:
105:
407:
enough to make the royal capital and the central province safe.
329:
187:. The main protagonists in this conflict were the Vandal king
293:
109:
594:
Valentinianus III, Nov. 33 and Nov. 18; Victor Vitensis I.4.
354:
16:
Conflict between Western Roman Empire and Vandals (439–442)
469:
Aetius: Attila's Nemesis, Chapter 9 the Fall of Africa
624:
280:, Geiseric decided it was time to realize his plans.
491:
551:
458:Settlement of the Vandals in Africa (A.D. 435‑442)
657:
548:Cassiodorus, Chronicles sub 440; Hydatius, 120.
276:in 436 and then holding his hands full at the
191:and the commander-in-chief of the Roman army
397:
283:
347:
635:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHughes2013 (
502:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHughes2013 (
250:, the richest part of the Roman province
562:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBury1923 (
323:
658:
630:
497:
360:
557:
175:was a military conflict between the
13:
472:, Pen & Sword Military, 2012.
410:
14:
697:
603:Merobaudes, Panegyric II, 27 sqq.
246:. In return, they were assigned
40:
666:Wars involving the Roman Empire
643:
615:
606:
597:
231:Vandal conquest of Roman Africa
183:that was fought in the western
588:
579:
570:
542:
533:
519:
510:
308:without a declaration of war.
152:Areobindus, Ansila en Germanus
1:
484:
223:
442:
254:, agreeing to the status of
220:provide useful information.
7:
453:History of the Later Empire
394:, king of the Suebi (449).
320:was prepared to send help.
10:
702:
382:, and the son of Geyseric
261:
198:
398:Aftermath and consequence
266:
156:
124:
99:
52:
39:
26:
21:
686:440s in the Roman Empire
681:430s in the Roman Empire
284:The conquest of Carthage
185:Mediterranean Sea region
29:Fall of the Roman Empire
348:The Roman Counterattack
240:Mauretania Caesariensis
47:Map of Africa and Italy
125:Commanders and leaders
368:Africa Proconsularis
332:, where he besieged
324:The attack on Sicily
252:Africa Proconsularis
236:Mauretania Tingitana
177:Western Roman Empire
173:Vandal War (439-442)
119:Eastern Roman Empire
115:Western Roman Empire
22:Vandal War (439-442)
34:Roman–Germanic Wars
612:Jordanes, Get. 184
361:Peace negotiations
621:Hydatius, 140-142
274:Burgundy uprising
169:
168:
95:
94:
693:
650:
649:Prosper, sub 539
647:
641:
640:
628:
622:
619:
613:
610:
604:
601:
595:
592:
586:
585:Prosper, sub 441
583:
577:
576:Prosper, sub 440
574:
568:
567:
555:
549:
546:
540:
537:
531:
523:
517:
514:
508:
507:
495:
465:
450:
54:
53:
44:
19:
18:
701:
700:
696:
695:
694:
692:
691:
690:
656:
655:
654:
653:
648:
644:
634:
629:
625:
620:
616:
611:
607:
602:
598:
593:
589:
584:
580:
575:
571:
561:
556:
552:
547:
543:
539:idem CIL X.1485
538:
534:
524:
520:
516:Prosper, sub a.
515:
511:
501:
496:
492:
487:
463:
448:
445:
427:Victor Vitensis
413:
411:Primary Sources
400:
363:
350:
326:
286:
269:
264:
258:of the Romans.
226:
212:. Furthermore,
201:
151:
147:
141:
137:
133:
117:
108:
86:
72:
45:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
699:
689:
688:
683:
678:
676:440s conflicts
673:
671:430s conflicts
668:
652:
651:
642:
633:, p. 451.
623:
614:
605:
596:
587:
578:
569:
560:, p. 255.
550:
541:
532:
518:
509:
500:, p. 449.
489:
488:
486:
483:
482:
481:
461:
444:
441:
440:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
412:
409:
399:
396:
362:
359:
349:
346:
325:
322:
285:
282:
268:
265:
263:
260:
225:
222:
200:
197:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
154:
153:
145:Flavius Aetius
142:
127:
126:
122:
121:
112:
102:
101:
97:
96:
93:
92:
91:
90:
85:
84:
80:
78:
74:
73:
68:
66:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
37:
36:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
698:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
663:
661:
646:
638:
632:
627:
618:
609:
600:
591:
582:
573:
565:
559:
554:
545:
536:
530:
529:
522:
513:
505:
499:
494:
490:
479:
475:
471:
470:
462:
460:
459:
454:
447:
446:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
408:
404:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
375:
373:
369:
358:
356:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
321:
319:
318:Theodosius II
315:
311:
307:
302:
299:
295:
291:
281:
279:
275:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
164:
161:
160:
155:
150:
146:
143:
140:
136:
132:
129:
128:
123:
120:
116:
113:
111:
107:
104:
103:
98:
89:Treaty of 442
88:
87:
82:
81:
79:
76:
75:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
56:
55:
51:
48:
43:
38:
35:
30:
25:
20:
645:
626:
617:
608:
599:
590:
581:
572:
553:
544:
535:
526:
525:CIL X.1485,
521:
512:
493:
468:
457:
452:
405:
401:
376:
364:
351:
327:
303:
287:
270:
247:
229:
227:
202:
172:
170:
100:Belligerents
46:
27:Part of the
631:Hughes 2013
498:Hughes 2013
432:Cassiodorus
388:Theodoric I
342:Sebastianus
214:Cassiodorus
149:Sebastianus
660:Categories
485:References
478:1848842791
464:Ian Hughes
449:Bury, J.B.
370:including
290:Bonifatius
278:Gothic War
224:Background
83:Indecisive
60:439–442 AD
558:Bury 1923
443:Biography
338:Lilybaeum
314:Sigiswult
298:civil war
256:foederati
451:(1923),
437:Jordanes
417:Hydatius
372:Byzacena
334:Panormus
310:Carthago
306:Byzacena
218:Jordanes
210:Hydatius
189:Geiseric
179:and the
157:Strength
131:Geiseric
65:Location
466:(2013)
422:Prosper
392:Rechiar
384:Hunerik
380:Eudocia
262:The war
244:Numidia
206:Prosper
199:Sources
181:Vandals
165:unknown
162:unknown
135:Hunerik
106:Vandals
476:
330:Sicily
267:Reason
248:Africa
193:Aetius
77:Result
294:Aspar
139:Gento
110:Alans
70:Italy
637:help
564:help
504:help
474:ISBN
355:Huns
242:and
216:and
208:and
171:The
57:Date
32:and
662::
455:,
374:.
238:,
195:.
639:)
566:)
506:)
480:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
