Valentinianism - Knowledge

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the chief idea of their pious practices mystically to repeat the experience of this celestial union of the Saviour with Sophia. In this respect, consequently, the myth underwent yet wider development. Just as the Saviour is the bridegroom of Sophia, so the heavenly angels, who sometimes appear as the sons of the Saviour and Sophia, sometimes as the escort of the Saviour, are the males betrothed to the souls of the Gnostics, which are looked upon as feminine. Thus every Gnostic had her unfallen counterpart standing in the presence of God, and the object of a pious life was to bring about and experience this inner union with the celestial abstract personage. This leads us straight to the sacramental ideas of this branch of Gnosticism (see below). And it also explains the expression used of the Gnostics in Irenaeus, that they always meditate upon the secret of the heavenly union (the Syzygia).

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Aside from the Church fathers, however, "the majority of Christians did not recognize the followers of Valentinus as heretics. Most could not tell the difference between Valentinian and orthodox teaching." This was partially because Valentinus used many books that now belong to the Old and New Testaments as a basis for interpretation in his own writing. He based his work on proto-orthodox Christian canon instead of on Gnostic scripture, and his style was similar to that of early Christian works. In this way, Valentinus tried to bridge the gap between Gnostic religion and early Catholicism. By attempting to bridge this gap, however, Valentinus and his followers became the proverbial

1838:, for moulded (τρεπομένη f. l. τυπουμένη) by reason she embraces all forms and ideas. And congenital with her is Love of the first and mightiest of all, which is one and the same with the Good; this she desires and follows after, but she avoids and repels all participation with Evil, being to both indeed as space and matter, but inclining always of her own accord to the better principle, occasioning in it the procreative impulse of inseminating her with emanations and types in which she rejoices and exults, as impregnated with produce. For produce is the material image of Substance, and the contingent is an imitation of that which IS." 1830:, the words of Plutarch very nearly express the Valentinian theory; τὸν Ὥρον, ὃν ἡ ῏Ισις εἰκόνα τοῦ νοητοῦ κόσμου αἰσθητὸν ὄντα γεννᾷ. Then again the terms in which Plutarch speaks of the functions of Isis, are suggestive of the Valentinian notion, where they are not Platonic. No doubt they may have received from him a deeper Platonic colouring, but it is impossible not to believe that the fundamental ideas of the Valentinian theory were received from the theosophy of ancient Egypt, when he says, "For Isis is the female principle of nature, the recipient of every Gnostic natural product, as 928:(knowledge). The Valentinians believed that the attainment of this knowledge by the human individual had positive consequences within the universal order and contributed to restoring that order, and that gnosis, not faith, was the key to salvation. Clement wrote that the Valentinians regarded Catholic Christians "as simple people to whom they attributed faith, while they think that gnosis is in themselves. Through the excellent seed that is to be found in them, they are by nature redeemed, and their gnosis is as far removed from faith as the spiritual from the physical". 1471:"). The ritual of this sacrament is briefly indicated: "A few of them prepare a bridal chamber and in it go through a form of consecration, employing certain fixed formulae, which are repeated over the person to be initiated, and stating that a spiritual marriage is to be performed after the pattern of the higher Syzygia." Through a fortunate chance, a liturgical formula which was used at this sacrament appears to be preserved, though in a garbled form and in an entirely different connection, the author seeming to have been uncertain as to its original meaning. It runs: 1259:

conversion. But as Achamoth herself was only the daughter of Sophia, the last of the thirty Aeons, the Demiurge was distant by many emanations from the Supreme God. The Demiurge in creating this world out of Chaos was unconsciously influenced for good by Christ; and the universe, to the surprise even of its Maker, became almost perfect. The Demiurge regretted even its slight imperfection, and as he thought himself the Supreme God, he attempted to remedy this by sending a Messiah. To this Messiah, however, was actually united Christ the Saviour, who redeemed men.

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that Christ suffered and died, but believed that "in his incarnation, Christ transcended human nature so that he could prevail over death by divine power". These beliefs are what caused Irenaeus to say of the Valentinians, "Certainly they confess with their tongues the one Jesus Christ, but in their minds they divide him." In one passage in the account of Irenaeus, it is directly stated that the redeemer assumed a psychical body to redeem the psychical, for the spiritual already belong by nature to the celestial world and no longer require any

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the Valentinians, women were considered to be equal, or at least nearly equal to men. There were female prophets, teachers, healers, evangelists and even priests, which was very different from the Church's view of women at the time. Valentinians held normal jobs, got married and raised children just like Christians; however they regarded these pursuits as being less important than gnosis, which was to be achieved individually. The beliefs of the Valentinians were much more oriented towards the individual than the group, and

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authorities believed that Valentinian theology was "a wickedly casuistic way of subverting their authority and thereby threatening the ecclesiastical order with anarchy." The practices and rituals of the Valentinians were also different from those of the Christian Church; however they considered themselves to be Christians and not pagans or heretics. By referring to themselves as Christians they worsened their relationship with the Church, who viewed them not only as heretics, but as rivals.

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the Unknowable, and to comprehend his greatness. She brings forth, through her longing for that higher being, an Aeon who is higher and purer than herself, and at once rises into the celestial worlds. Christ has pity on the abortive substance born of Sophia and gives it essence and form, whereupon Sophia tries to rise again to the Father, but in vain. In the enigmatic figure of Christ we again find hidden the original conception of the Primal Man, who sinks down into matter but rises again.

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In almost all the sacramental prayers of the Gnostics handed down to us by Irenaeus, the Mother is the object of the invocation. There are moreover various figures in the fully developed system of the Valentinians who are in the Gnostic's mind when he calls upon the Mother; sometimes it is the fallen

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In Valentinianism the process is extraordinarily elaborate, and we find here developed particularly clearly the myth of the heavenly marriage. This myth, as we shall see more fully below, and as may be mentioned here, is of great significance for the practical piety of the Valentinian Gnostics. It is

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With the doctrine of the creation of the world is connected the subject of the creation of man. According to it, the world-creating angels – not one, but many – create man, but the seed of the spirit comes into their creature without their knowledge, by the agency of a higher celestial Aeon, and they

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This derivation of the material world from the passions of the fallen Sophia is next affected by an older theory, which probably occupied an important place in the main Valentinian system. According to this theory the son of Sophia, whom she forms on the model of the Christ who has disappeared in the

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This collection ... was the substance of the matter from which this world was formed. From returning , every soul belonging to this world, and that of the Demiurge himself, derived its origin. All other things owed their beginning to her terror and sorrow. For from her tears all that is of a liquid

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The distinction between the human and divine Saviour was a major point of contention between the Valentinians and the Church. Valentinus separated Christ into three figures; the spiritual, the psychical and material. Each of the three Christ figures had its own meaning and purpose. They acknowledged

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With baptism was also connected the anointing with oil, and hence we can also understand the death sacrament occurring among some Valentinians consisting in an anointing with a mixture of oil and water. This death sacrament has naturally the express object of assuring the soul the way to the highest

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There were three buildings specifically for sacrifice in Jerusalem. The one facing the west was called "The Holy". Another, facing south, was called "The Holy of the Holy". The third, facing east, was called "The Holy of the Holies", the place where only the high priest enters. Baptism is "the Holy"

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The cross can also stand for the wondrous Aeon on whom depends the ordering and life of the world, and thus Horos-Stauros appears here as the first redeemer of Sophia from her passions, and as the orderer of the creation of the world which now begins. Naturally, then, the figure of Horos-Stauros was

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Next to Sophia stands a male redeeming divinity. In the Valentinian system, the Christ is the son of the fallen Sophia, who is thus conceived as an individual. Sophia conceives a passion for the First Father himself, or rather, under pretext of love she seeks to draw near to the unattainable Bythos,

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Ye are from the beginning immortal and children of eternal life, and desire to divide death amongst you like a prey, in order to destroy it and utterly to annihilate it, that thus death may die in you and through you, for if ye dissolve the world, and are not yourselves dissolved, then are ye lords

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Many Valentinian traditions and practices also clashed with those of the Church. They often met at unauthorized gatherings and rejected ecclesiastical authority, based on their belief that they were all equal. Members of the movement took turns administering sacraments, as well as preaching. Among

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I am a son from the Father – the Father who had a pre-existence, and a son in Him who is pre-existent. I have come to behold all things, both those which belong to myself and others, although, strictly speaking, they do not belong to others, but to Achamoth, who is female in nature, and made these

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According to the older conception, he was an evil and malicious offspring of his mother, who has already been deprived of any particle of light. In the Valentinian systems, the Demiurge was the offspring of a union of Sophia Achamoth with matter, and appears as the fruit of Sophia's repentance and

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Peculiarly Valentinian is the above-mentioned derivation of the material world from the passions of Sophia. Whether this already formed part of the original system of Valentinus is questionable, but at any rate it plays a prominent part in the Valentinian school, and consequently appears with the

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Sophia is the youngest of the Aeons. Observing the multitude of Aeons and the power of begetting them, she hurries back into the depth of the Father, and seeks to emulate him by producing offspring without conjugal intercourse, but only projects an abortion, a formless substance. Upon this she is

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Although the Valentinians publicly professed their faith in one God, "in their own private meetings they insisted on discriminating between the popular image of God – as master, king, lord, creator, and judge – and what that image represented: God understood as the ultimate source of all being."

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I will confer my favor upon thee, for the father of all sees thine angel ever before his face ... we must now become as one; receive now this grace from me and through me; deck thyself as a bride who awaits her bridegroom, that thou mayest become as I am, and I as thou art. Let the seed of light

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In the fully developed Ptolemaean system we find a kindred conception, but with a slight difference. Here Christ and Sophia appear as brother and sister, with Christ representing the higher and Sophia the lower element. When this world has been born from Sophia in consequence of her passion, two

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The main disagreements between the Valentinians and the Church were in the notions that God and the creator were two separate entities, the idea that the creator was flawed and formed man and Earth out of ignorance and confusion, and the separation of Christ's human form and divine form. Church

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In the baptismal formulae the sacred name of the Redeemer is mentioned over and over again. In one of the formulae occur the words: "I would enjoy thy name, Saviour of Truth." The concluding formula of the baptismal ceremony is: "Peace over all upon whom the Name rests." This name pronounced at

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For some time in the mid-2nd century he was even a prominent and well-respected member of the proto-orthodox community in Rome. At one point during his career he had even hoped to attain the office of bishop, and apparently it was after he was passed over for the position that he broke from the

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and mysteries, their formulae and symbols, must be in order to find the way upwards, back to the highest heaven. This idea that the Gnostics know themselves to be in a hostile and evil world is reflected in the conception of Sophia. She became likewise a fallen Aeon, who has sunk down into the

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According to Valentinus, the Anthropos no longer appears as the world-creative power sinking down into the material world, but as a celestial Aeon of the upper world (or even as the supreme god), who stands in a clearly defined relationship to the fallen Aeon. Adam was created in the name of

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Aeons, Nous (mind) and Aletheia (truth), by command of the Father, produce two new Aeons, Christ and the Holy Ghost; these restore order in the Pleroma, and in consequence all Aeons combine their best and most wonderful qualities to produce a new Aeon (Jesus, Logos, Soter, or Christ), the "

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cast out of Pleroma and into the primal sub-stratum of matter. In the Valentinian systems, the fall of Sophia appears in double guise. The higher Sophia still remains within the upper world after creating a disturbance, and after her expiation and repentance; but her premature offspring,

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The theology that Irenaeus attributed to Valentinus is extremely complicated and difficult to follow. There is some skepticism among scholars that the system actually originated with him, and many believe that the system Irenaeus was counteracting was the construct of later Valentinians.

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But this contemplation of God, as Valentinus declares, closely and deliberately following the doctrines of the Church and with him the compiler of the Gospel of John, is accomplished through the revelation of the Son. This mystic also discusses a vision which is preserved in the

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Salvation is not merely individual redemption of each human soul; it is a cosmic process. It is the return of all things to what they were before the flaw in the sphere of the Aeons brought matter into existence and imprisoned some part of the Divine Light into the evil

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baptism over the faithful has above all the significance that the name will protect the soul in its ascent through the heavens, conduct it safely through all hostile powers to the lower heavens, and procure it access to Horos, who frightens back the lower souls by his

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heaven "so that the soul may be intangible and invisible to the higher mights and powers". In this connection we also find a few formulae which are entrusted to the faithful, so that their souls may pronounce them on their journey upwards. One of these formulae runs:

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wrote against Gnosticism. Because early church leaders encouraged the destruction of Gnostic texts, most evidence for the Valentinian theory comes from its critics and detractors, most notably Irenaeus, since he was especially concerned with refuting Valentinianism.

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is the redemption of the inner man; and it is not of the body, for the body is corruptible; nor is it psychical, for even the soul is a product of the defect and it is a lodging to the spirit: pneumatic (spiritual) therefore also must be redemption itself. Through

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Another formula is appended, in which there is a distinction in the invocation between the higher and lower Sophia. Another prayer of the same style is to be found in Irenaeus i. 13, and it is expressly stated that after prayer is pronounced the Mother throws the

1606:. "The apparent similarity with orthodox teaching only made this heresy more dangerous – like poison disguised as milk." Valentinian Gnosticism was "the most influential and sophisticated form of Gnostic teaching, and by far the most threatening to the church." 1271:

It is significant that Valentinus himself is credited with having written a treatise upon the threefold nature of man, who is represented as at once spiritual, psychical, and material. In accordance with this there also arise three classes of men: the

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With celestial enthusiasm Valentinus here surveys and depicts the heavenly world of Aeons, and its connection with the lower world. Exalted joy of battle and a valiant courage breathe forth in the sermon in which Valentinus addresses the faithful:

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The task of Horos is to separate the fallen Aeons from the upper world of Aeons. At the same time he becomes a kind of world-creative power, who in this capacity helps to construct an ordered world out of Sophia and her passions. He is also called

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ideas. Together with the source from which they emanate they form the Pleroma. The transition from the immaterial to the material, from the noumenal to the sensible, is brought about by a flaw, or a passion, or a sin, in the female Aeon Sophia.

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The central point of the piety of Valentinus seems to have been that mystical contemplation of God; in a letter preserved in Clement of Alexandria, he sets forth that the soul of man is like an inn, which is inhabited by many evil spirits.

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as emanating from God and not yet darkened by contact with matter. This mind is considered as the reason of humanity, or humanity itself, as a personified idea, a category without corporeality, the human reason conceived as the

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Valentinian works are named in reference to the bishop and teacher Valentinius. Circa 153 AD, Valentinius developed a complex cosmology outside the Sethian tradition. At one point he was close to being appointed the Bishop of

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Valentinus ... had seen an infant child lately born; and questioning (this child), he proceeded to inquire who it might be. And (the child) replied, saying that he himself is the Logos, and then subjoined a sort of tragic

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Man, the highest being in this material world, participates in both the spiritual and the material nature. The work of redemption consists in freeing the former from the latter. One needed to recognize the Father, the

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But when the Father, who alone is good, looks down and around him, then the soul is hallowed and lies in full light, and so he who has such a heart as this is to be called happy, for he shall behold God.

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building. Redemption is the "Holy of the Holy". "The Holy of the Holies" is the bridal chamber. Baptism includes the resurrection and the redemption; the redemption (takes place) in the bridal chamber.

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The third, the purely spiritual men will be completely freed from the influence of the Demiurge and together with the Saviour and Achamoth, his spouse, will enter the Pleroma divested of body and soul.

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The superstructure of the celestial system, the celestial world of Aeons, is summarized. Aeons belong to the purely ideal, noumenal, intelligible, or supersensible world; they are immaterial, they are

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word. And for this life also baptism, in consequence of the pronouncing of the protecting name over the baptized person, accomplishes his liberation from the lower daemonic powers. Before baptism the

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It is also clear why the Ekklesia appears together with the Anthropos. With this is associated the community of the faithful and the redeemed, who are to share the same fate with him. Perfect

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the Primal Man) – of whom the myth originally relates that he has sunk into matter and then raised himself up from it again – which appears in its simple form in individual Gnostic systems,

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Catholic Church. Valentinus was said to have been a prolific writer; however, the only surviving remains of his work come from quotes that have been transmitted by Clement of Alexandria,

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On the other hand, a reaction took place here and there against the sacramental rites. A pure piety, rising above mere sacramentalism, breathes in the words of the Gnostics preserved in

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Perfect redemption is the cognition itself of the ineffable greatness: for since through ignorance came about the defect ... the whole system springing from ignorance is dissolved in

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alleges that the Valentinians "set forth their thirty aeons in mythologic fashion, thinking that they conformed to the years of Jesus". Of the eight celestial beings of the

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by further relating that Christ, having been united to the Sophia, descends into the earthly Jesus, the son of Mary, at his baptism, and becomes the Saviour of men.

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Anthropos, and overawes the demons by the fear of the pre-existent man. This Anthropos is a cosmogonic element, pure mind as distinct from matter, mind conceived

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redemption, while the material is incapable of redemption, as "flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; neither doth corruption inherit incorruption".

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descend into thy bridal chamber; receive the bridegroom and give place to him, and open thine arms to embrace him. Behold, grace has descended upon thee.

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Sophia Achamoth, or "Lower Wisdom", the daughter of "Higher Wisdom", becomes the mother of the Demiurge, identified with the God of the Old Testament.

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In Valentinianism, Sophia always stands absolutely at the center of the system, and in some sense she seems to represent the supreme female principle.

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However, it is not unanimous the belief that material or psychical people were hopeless. Some have argued from the existent sources that humans could

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occur only here, and the place of this pair is not firmly established, and occur sometimes before and sometimes after the fourth pair of Aeons, the

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Bousset's article contains a detailed survey of the classical authorities writing on the topic, some of which is replicated here in footnotes.

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in any of the three times, therefore a material or psychical person might have the chance to reborn in a future lifetime as a spiritual one.

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The second, or psychical, together with the Demiurge as their master, will enter a middle state, neither heaven (Pleroma) nor hell (matter).

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material world and seeks to free herself from it, receiving her liberation at the hands of a heavenly Redeemer, exactly like the Gnostics.

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As Sophia was united with the Saviour, her bridegroom, so the faithful would experience a union with their angel in the Pleroma (cf. the "

724:. Later in the movement's history it broke into an Eastern and a Western school. Disciples of Valentinus continued to be active into the 2821: 2768: 3446: 1489:, using the same form in all essentials as that of the Christian Church. The name given to baptism, at least among certain bodies, was 1185:), and we frequently meet with references to the figure of Stauros. Speculations about the Stauros are older than Christianity, and a 1014:, is removed from the Pleroma, and becomes the heroine of the rest of the drama. This fallen Sophia becomes a world creative power. 1032:

The Gnostics are children of Sophia; from her the heavenly seed, the divine spark, descended into this lower world, subject to the

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nature was formed; from her smile all that is lucent; and from her grief and perplexity all the corporeal elements of the world.

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Valentinian ethics and paraenetic discourse: determining the social function of moral exhortation in Valentinian Christianity

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things for herself. For I derive being from Him who is pre-existent, and I come again to my own place whence I went forth...

3348: 937: 688: 2834:– Comprehensive collection of material on Valentinian mythology, theology and tradition (from the Gnosis Archive website). 3113: 1236:

of the Valentinian system, and the dualism of the conception of two separate worlds of light and darkness is overcome:

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i.e those who exclusively have a perfect knowledge of God, and have been initiated into the mysteries of Achamoth.

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The authorities for the sacramental practices of the Valentinians are preserved especially in the accounts of the

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In the name of the unknown Father of all, by Aletheia, the Mother of all, by the name which descended upon Jesus.

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are then terrified by the faculty of speech by which their creature rises above them and try to destroy him.

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baptismal formula was adopted by Valentinian Gnostics in Rome and Alexandria in the 2nd century CE.

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Wilson, Robert McLachlan (1980). "Valentianism and the Gospel of Truth". In Layton, Bentley (ed.).

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The doctrine, practices and beliefs of Valentinus and the Gnostic movement that bore his name were

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This system was very closely followed by Valentinus, who may have come to know these doctrines in

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The first, the material, will return to the grossness of matter and finally be consumed by fire.

802:(c. 150 – c. 215), another Christian scholar and teacher, reports that Valentinus was taught by 3420: 3363: 854: 751: 546: 489: 818:, and had risen to the peak of his teaching career between AD 150 and 155, during the time of 717: 3395: 2794: 2518: 1748: 1620: 980:. We cannot be far wrong in suspecting that Valentinus was influenced by the prologue of the 952: 884:, the beginning of all things who, after ages of silence and contemplation, projected thirty 799: 787: 736: 613: 479: 456: 449: 304: 233: 176: 168: 110: 1232:

most diverse variations in the account given by Irenaeus. By it is effected the comparative

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often assimilated to that of the Christian Redeemer. We possibly find echoes of this in the

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The chief sacrament of the Valentinians seems to have been that of the bridal chamber (

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Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2010). Turning the Tables on Jesus: The Mandaean View. In

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given in Irenaeus i. 13 and 20, and in the last section of Clement of Alexandria's

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According to Irenaeus, the Valentinians believed that at the beginning there was a

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Achamoth, sometimes the higher Sophia abiding in the celestial world, sometimes

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Wherefore also they say that that God was lame in the dark, and call him Elder

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The chief influence at work here seems to have been the idea of the celestial

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Nature, proving herself imperfect, of herself brought forth her first birth.

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The goddess who sinks down into the material may readily be identified with

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Introductory essay by Stephan A. Hoeller (from the Gnosis Archive website).

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The Gnostics are baptized in the mysterious name which also descended upon

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four are peculiar to the Valentinian system. The third pair of Aeons,

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Northwest Africa to Egypt through to Asia Minor and Syria in the East

645: 608: 424: 333: 294: 272: 242: 213: 1255:, who with his angels now appears as the real-world creative power. 1063:. Irenaeus characterizes the Gnostics as believing themselves to be 3415: 3220: 3205: 2972: 2945: 2940: 2913: 2782: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 2605:

Thrice Greatest Hermes: Studies in Hellenistic Theosophy and Gnosis

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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

1223:

itself is depicted as speaking and even floating out of the tomb.

3002: 2840:– Complete collection of patristic sources mentioning Valentinus. 1486: 1052: 1033: 875: 640: 316: 299: 253: 130: 85: 2671:. Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies. Brill Academic Publishers. 1493:(liberation); the baptismal formulae have been mentioned above. 1165:

A figure entirely peculiar to Valentinian Gnosticism is that of

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We also find ideas that emphasize the distinction between the

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that the World-Soul revealed itself in the form of the letter

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La escisión imposible. Lectura del gnosticismo valentiniano

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was not seen as being universal, as it was in the Church.

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Horus, according to Francis Legge, generally appeared in

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that took place while the Gods were still in the womb of

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is supreme, but after baptism the soul is free from her.

1202: 924:, as the true source of divine power in order to achieve 905: 2296: 834:. Most scholars also believe that Valentinus wrote the 2262: 2203: 2029: 1985: 1818:

was the same with the self-existent Divine Wisdom ...

1284:. This doctrine dates at least as far back as Plato's 2883:

Beliefs condemned as heretical by the Catholic Church

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of universal being: and this is the true redemption.

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But not baptism alone sets us free, but knowledge (

2669:The Spiritual Seed: The Church of the Valentinians 2617: 2479:. Salamanca: Publicaciones Universidad Pontificia. 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2068: 1891: 1889: 2825:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). pp. 852–857. 2248: 2156: 814:some time between AD 136 and 140, in the time of 786:circa 180 AD. According to the Christian scholar 3433: 2809: 2401: 2151:Reincarnation in Jewish mysticism and gnosticism 2054: 1898: 2440: 1886: 1576: 916:, the imperfect creator of the material world. 716:, its influence spread widely, not just within 2594:. London: The Theosophical Publishing Society. 2323: 794:and schooled in Alexandria, where the Gnostic 2867: 2507:The Economic and Social Origins of Gnosticism 1153:This myth can be connected with the historic 782:was born in approximately 100 AD and died in 682: 2657:Gnosis: The Nature and History of Gnosticism 1485:Besides this the Gnostics already practiced 1406:over creation and over all that passes away. 1146:that they produce between them 70 celestial 2659:. San Francisco: Harper and Row Publishers. 890:, heavenly archetypes representing fifteen 2874: 2860: 2787: 2726:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2647:. Harrisburg: Trinity Press International. 2557: 2553:. New York: University Books. p. 105. 2488:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson Limited. 689: 675: 2707:. London: A.R. Mowbray & Co. Limited. 2663: 860: 2831:Valentinus and the Valentinian Tradition 2492: 1025:Jacques Matter, 1826, Vol. II, Plate II. 1016: 2816:"Valentinus and the Valentinians" 2754: 2651: 2642: 2527: 2483: 2474: 2351:(pp94-111). Minneapolis: Fortress Press 2330: 2279: 2220: 2098: 2048: 2014: 1970: 1658:On Friends: The Source of Common Wisdom 1189:conception may have been at work here. 3434: 2845:Valentinus – A Gnostic for All Seasons 2711: 2702: 2645:Gnosis and Faith in Early Christianity 2612: 2551:Forerunners and Rivals of Christianity 2536: 2513: 1646:To Agathopous: Jesus' Digestive System 1454:, a probable Valentinian text, reads: 2855: 2548: 2504: 1832:the nurse and comprehensive principle 1684:Ptolemy's Version of the Gnostic Myth 1628:The Divine Word Present in the Infant 3349:Community of the Lady of All Nations 2798:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 2675: 2598: 2584: 13: 2788:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " 2500:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Limited. 1652:Annihilation of the Realm of Death 1262: 943: 14: 3473: 3447:Early Christianity and Gnosticism 2803: 2703:Wilson, Robert McLachlan (1958). 1801:On the Worship of Isis and Osiris 1439: 1023:Histoire critique du Gnosticisme; 3414: 3137: 2838:Patristic Material on Valentinus 2777: 2742: 2532:. Dorset: Element Books Limited. 2523:. Vol. I. Typis Academicis. 756:proto-orthodox Christian leaders 745:State church of the Roman Empire 708:Christian movements. Founded by 485:Gnosticism and the New Testament 44: 2760:Valentinus and the Valentinians 2468: 2456: 2431: 2422: 2413: 2390: 2381: 2372: 2363: 2354: 2331:Horsley, Richard (March 2010). 2311: 2285: 2239: 2226: 2188: 2179: 2170: 2143: 2130: 2121: 2104: 2080: 2020: 1976: 1955: 1946: 1761: 2558:Markschies, Christoph (2020). 1937: 1928: 1919: 1910: 1877: 1868: 1859: 1344: 845:Notable Valentinians included 1: 3452:Early Gnostic Christian sects 2714:The Rediscovery of Gnosticism 1853: 1814:If Plutarch is not mistaken, 1410: 1702:Treatise on the Resurrection 1577:Relationship with the Church 1070: 806:, a disciple of the apostle 7: 2790:Valentinus and Valentinians 2560:Valentinianism: new studies 1727: 1555: 1245: 984:(we also find the probably 869: 631:Neoplatonism and Gnosticism 10: 3478: 3421:Catholic Church portal 2716:. Leiden. pp. 133–45. 2530:The Elements of Gnosticism 2509:. Atlanta: Scholars Press. 2475:Bermejo, Fernando (1998). 2153:, Edwin Mellen Press, 2003 1696:Ptolemy's Epistle to Flora 1690:Prayer of the Apostle Paul 1604:wolves in sheep's clothing 1480: 1021:Plérome de Valentin, from 853:, Florinus, Axionicus and 774: 626:Gnosticism in modern times 16:Gnostic Christian movement 3409: 3334: 3254: 3146: 3135: 2894: 1934:Goodrick-Clarke 2002, 182 1372: 1226: 1126: 1001: 998:in the series of Aeons). 739:(380 AD), which declared 2643:Roukema, Riemer (1998). 2591:Did Jesus Live 100 B.C.? 2528:Holroyd, Stuart (1994). 2505:Green, Henry A. (1985). 2484:Churton, Tobias (1987). 1754: 1721:A Valentinian Exposition 1640:Adam's Faculty of Speech 1609: 1526: 1160: 931: 758:and scholars. Prominent 591:Wisdom (personification) 2822:Encyclopædia Britannica 2769:Encyclopædia Britannica 2549:Legge, Francis (1914). 2498:A History of Gnosticism 2462:Layton (ed.) 1987, xxii 798:was teaching. However, 646:Theosophy (Blavatskian) 2544:. New York: Doubleday. 2542:The Gnostic Scriptures 1846: 1811: 1664:Epistle on Attachments 1574: 1539: 1478: 1461: 1437: 1408: 1398: 1384: 1342: 1243: 1026: 949: 898:pairs. Among them was 896:sexually complementary 861:The Valentinian system 752:condemned as heretical 547:Apocalyptic literature 3442:Christian terminology 3396:Positive Christianity 2795:Catholic Encyclopedia 2676:Tite, Philip (2009). 2515:Harvey, William Wigan 1843:Harvey 1857, pp. 22-4 1812: 1767: 1749:List of Gnostic sects 1621:Roman Catholic Church 1566: 1534: 1473: 1456: 1433: 1403: 1393: 1380: 1321: 1251:Pleroma, becomes the 1238: 1020: 947: 800:Clement of Alexandria 788:Epiphanius of Salamis 737:Edict of Thessalonica 704:was one of the major 614:Esoteric Christianity 480:Clementine literature 457:List of Gnostic texts 177:List of Gnostic sects 2318:Excerpta ex Theodoto 2306:Excerpta ex Theodoto 2149:Dina Ripsman Eylon, 1807:Mead 1906, 334, note 1634:On the Three Natures 1562:Excerpta ex Theodoto 1498:Jesus at his baptism 1421:Excerpta ex Theodoto 636:Perennial philosophy 262:Christian Gnosticism 3364:Jehovah's Witnesses 3236:Spanish Adoptionism 2705:The Gnostic Problem 2620:The Gnostic Gospels 2397:1 Corinthians 15:50 2292:Irenaeus i. 13, 3,6 2101:, pp. 854–855. 1973:, pp. 853–854. 1769:For the genesis of 1707:Epistle to Rheginus 1677:The Gospel of Truth 1619:of what is now the 1469:Holy Guardian Angel 948:Scheme of the Aeons 832:Marcellus of Ancyra 741:Nicene Christianity 651:Western esotericism 619:Christian theosophy 567:Paul and Gnosticism 490:Mandaean scriptures 470:Nag Hammadi library 408:Chinese Manichaeism 2931:Antidicomarianites 2494:Filoramo, Giovanni 2339:. Fortress Press. 2245:Clemens iv. 13, 91 2077:Irenaeus i. 29, 30 1925:Filoramo 1990, 166 1205:and the planetary 1027: 950: 922:depth of all being 768:Hippolytus of Rome 574:Merkabah mysticism 552:Early Christianity 509:Cologne Mani-Codex 414:Islamic Gnosticism 402:Chinese Gnosticism 383:Persian Gnosticism 230:Samaritan Baptist 203:Judean / Israelite 3429: 3428: 3269:Consubstantiation 2687:978-90-474-2852-7 2680:. Leiden: Brill. 2569:978-90-04-41481-5 2562:. Leiden: Brill. 2437:Rudolph 1977, 206 2387:Rudolph 1977, 155 2369:Rudolph 1977, 166 2360:Irenaeus i. 21, 5 2335:Christian Origins 2259:Irenaeus i. 21, 3 2167:Irenaeus i. 21, 4 2086:Irenaeus i. 29, 3 1961:Roukema 1998, 130 1907:Roukema 1998, 129 1836:the million-named 1828:mutatis nominibus 1517:Jorunn J. Buckley 1155:Jesus of Nazareth 1096:Corpus Hermeticum 840:Nag Hammadi texts 790:, he was born in 764:Irenaeus of Lyons 699: 698: 151:World of Darkness 3469: 3419: 3418: 3401:Reincarnationism 3141: 3124:Subordinationism 3109:Pneumatomachians 3040:Melchisedechians 2876: 2869: 2862: 2853: 2852: 2826: 2818: 2811:Bousset, Wilhelm 2799: 2781: 2780: 2773: 2756:Bousset, Wilhelm 2748: 2746: 2745: 2731: 2725: 2717: 2708: 2699: 2672: 2665:Thomassen, Einar 2660: 2648: 2639: 2623: 2609: 2595: 2581: 2554: 2545: 2533: 2524: 2510: 2501: 2489: 2480: 2463: 2460: 2454: 2451: 2438: 2435: 2429: 2428:Pagels 1979, 146 2426: 2420: 2417: 2411: 2410:Holroyd 1994, 33 2408: 2399: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2361: 2358: 2352: 2350: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2294: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2260: 2257: 2246: 2243: 2237: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2201: 2192: 2186: 2185:Irenaeus i. 6, 4 2183: 2177: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2154: 2147: 2141: 2134: 2128: 2127:Irenaeus i. 4, 2 2125: 2119: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2087: 2084: 2078: 2075: 2066: 2065:Irenaeus i. 6, 1 2063: 2052: 2046: 2027: 2024: 2018: 2012: 1983: 1980: 1974: 1968: 1962: 1959: 1953: 1952:Holroyd 1994, 37 1950: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1926: 1923: 1917: 1916:Churton 1987, 53 1914: 1908: 1905: 1896: 1895:Holroyd 1994, 32 1893: 1884: 1883:Wilson 1958, 133 1881: 1875: 1872: 1866: 1863: 1847: 1844: 1809: 1765: 1714:Gospel of Philip 1451:Gospel of Philip 1317:soma pneumatikon 691: 684: 677: 579:Middle Platonism 185:Proto-Gnosticism 55:Gnostic concepts 48: 38: 32: 24: 19: 18: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3413: 3405: 3330: 3256:Early modernity 3250: 3142: 3133: 3102:Semipelagianism 3092:Patripassianism 2890: 2880: 2806: 2778: 2743: 2741: 2719: 2718: 2688: 2636: 2570: 2538:Layton, Bentley 2471: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2453:Pagels 1979, 32 2452: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2419:Pagels 1979, 60 2418: 2414: 2409: 2402: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2378:Pagels 1979, 96 2377: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2347: 2328: 2324: 2316: 2312: 2304: 2297: 2290: 2286: 2278: 2263: 2258: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2231: 2227: 2219: 2204: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2157: 2148: 2144: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2122: 2109: 2105: 2097: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2069: 2064: 2055: 2047: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2013: 1986: 1982:Mead 1903, 396. 1981: 1977: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1947: 1943:Pagels 1979, 37 1942: 1938: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1899: 1894: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1874:Green 1985, 245 1873: 1869: 1865:Green 1985, 244 1864: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1845: 1842: 1822:, or the elder 1810: 1797: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1730: 1612: 1579: 1558: 1529: 1483: 1442: 1413: 1391:of Hippolytus: 1375: 1347: 1265: 1263:Creation of Man 1248: 1229: 1216:Gospel of Peter 1163: 1129: 1073: 1012:Sophia Achamoth 1004: 934: 872: 863: 849:(fl. ca. 175), 836:Gospel of Truth 777: 695: 666: 665: 604: 596: 595: 542: 534: 533: 529:Codex Nasaraeus 461: 452: 442: 441: 311:Syrian-Egyptian 181: 172: 161: 160: 56: 39: 34: 33: 26: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3475: 3465: 3464: 3462:Valentinianism 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3386: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3359:Indifferentism 3356: 3351: 3346: 3340: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3328: 3323: 3322: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3260: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3166:Bosnian Church 3163: 3158: 3152: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3131: 3129:Valentinianism 3126: 3121: 3116: 3114:Psilanthropism 3111: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3063: 3062: 3057: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3016: 3015: 3013:Valentinianism 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2993:Priscillianism 2990: 2985: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2958:Collyridianism 2955: 2954: 2953: 2951:Circumcellions 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2927: 2926: 2921: 2911: 2906: 2900: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2879: 2878: 2871: 2864: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2841: 2835: 2827: 2805: 2804:External links 2802: 2801: 2800: 2775: 2764:Chisholm, Hugh 2733: 2732: 2709: 2700: 2686: 2673: 2661: 2649: 2640: 2634: 2614:Pagels, Elaine 2610: 2596: 2582: 2568: 2555: 2546: 2540:, ed. (1987). 2534: 2525: 2520:Sancti Irenaei 2511: 2502: 2490: 2481: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2464: 2455: 2439: 2430: 2421: 2412: 2400: 2389: 2380: 2371: 2362: 2353: 2345: 2322: 2310: 2295: 2284: 2282:, p. 856. 2261: 2247: 2238: 2234:Philosophumena 2225: 2223:, p. 855. 2202: 2187: 2178: 2176:Irenaeus i. 30 2169: 2155: 2142: 2129: 2120: 2103: 2088: 2079: 2067: 2053: 2051:, p. 853. 2028: 2026:Irenaeus i. 29 2019: 2017:, p. 854. 1984: 1975: 1963: 1954: 1945: 1936: 1927: 1918: 1909: 1897: 1885: 1876: 1867: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1840: 1795: 1773:from Isis and 1759: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1717: 1710: 1698: 1693: 1686: 1681: 1673: 1670:Summer Harvest 1667: 1666:(Fragment H) * 1661: 1660:(Fragment G) * 1655: 1654:(Fragment F) * 1649: 1648:(Fragment D) * 1643: 1642:(Fragment C) * 1637: 1636:(Fragment B) * 1631: 1630:(Fragment A) * 1611: 1608: 1578: 1575: 1557: 1554: 1544:Homeric helmet 1528: 1525: 1482: 1479: 1441: 1440:Bridal Chamber 1438: 1412: 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2752: 2751:public domain 2740: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2729: 2723: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2683: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2653:Rudolph, Kurt 2650: 2646: 2641: 2637: 2635:9780394502786 2631: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2522: 2521: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2459: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2434: 2425: 2416: 2407: 2405: 2398: 2393: 2384: 2375: 2366: 2357: 2348: 2346:9781451416640 2342: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2326: 2319: 2314: 2307: 2302: 2300: 2293: 2288: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2242: 2235: 2229: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2199: 2198: 2191: 2182: 2173: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2152: 2146: 2139: 2133: 2124: 2117: 2113: 2107: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2083: 2074: 2072: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2050: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2023: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1979: 1972: 1967: 1958: 1949: 1940: 1931: 1922: 1913: 1904: 1902: 1892: 1890: 1880: 1871: 1862: 1858: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1808: 1804: 1802: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1764: 1760: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1716: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1703: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1607: 1605: 1599: 1595: 1593: 1587: 1585: 1573: 1571: 1565: 1563: 1553: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1538: 1533: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1515:According to 1513: 1511: 1507: 1501: 1499: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1477: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1436: 1432: 1430: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1390: 1383: 1379: 1370: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1326: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1269: 1260: 1256: 1254: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1158: 1156: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1139: 1133: 1124: 1122: 1117: 1115: 1110: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1097: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1030: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1007: 999: 997: 996: 991: 987: 983: 982:fourth Gospel 979: 975: 971: 967: 966: 961: 959: 954: 946: 942: 939: 929: 927: 923: 917: 915: 911: 910:Old Testament 907: 903: 902: 897: 893: 889: 888: 883: 882: 877: 867: 858: 856: 852: 848: 843: 841: 838:, one of the 837: 833: 829: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 772: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 748: 746: 742: 738: 734: 731: 730:Roman Emperor 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 692: 687: 685: 680: 678: 673: 672: 670: 669: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 620: 617: 616: 615: 612: 610: 607: 606: 600: 599: 592: 589: 585: 582: 581: 580: 577: 575: 572: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 554: 553: 550: 548: 545: 544: 541:Influenced by 538: 537: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 504:Codex Tchacos 502: 501: 498: 495: 494: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 475:Pseudo-Abdias 473: 471: 468: 467: 463: 462: 458: 455: 454: 451: 446: 445: 438: 435: 434: 430: 429: 426: 423: 421: 418: 417: 413: 412: 409: 406: 405: 401: 400: 395: 392: 391: 390: 387: 386: 382: 381: 378: 375: 371: 368: 367: 366: 363: 359: 356: 355: 354: 351: 350: 346: 345: 340: 337: 336: 335: 332: 331: 327: 326: 323: 320: 318: 315: 314: 310: 309: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 289: 286: 285: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 265: 261: 260: 255: 252: 250: 247: 244: 240: 237: 235: 232: 231: 229: 225: 222: 221: 219: 215: 212: 211: 210: 207: 206: 202: 201: 198: 195: 193: 190: 189: 186: 183: 182: 178: 175: 174: 170: 169:Gnostic sects 165: 164: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 72: 69: 67: 64: 62: 59: 58: 52: 51: 47: 43: 42: 37: 30: 21: 20: 3389:Santa Muerte 3379:Narco-saints 3274:Febronianism 3191:Free Spirits 3176:Conciliarism 3128: 3119:Sabellianism 3082:Nestorianism 3012: 2988:Paulicianism 2909:Apollinarism 2844: 2830: 2820: 2793: 2767: 2736:Attribution: 2735: 2734: 2713: 2704: 2677: 2668: 2656: 2644: 2626:Random House 2624:. New York: 2619: 2604: 2590: 2559: 2550: 2541: 2529: 2519: 2506: 2497: 2486:The Gnostics 2485: 2476: 2469:Bibliography 2458: 2433: 2424: 2415: 2392: 2383: 2374: 2365: 2356: 2336: 2333: 2325: 2317: 2313: 2305: 2287: 2280:Bousset 1911 2241: 2233: 2228: 2221:Bousset 1911 2195: 2190: 2181: 2172: 2150: 2145: 2137: 2132: 2123: 2116:stationarius 2106: 2099:Bousset 1911 2082: 2049:Bousset 1911 2022: 2015:Bousset 1911 1978: 1971:Bousset 1911 1966: 1957: 1948: 1939: 1930: 1921: 1912: 1879: 1870: 1861: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1813: 1800: 1786: 1782: 1768: 1763: 1719: 1712: 1706: 1700: 1695: 1688: 1683: 1675: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1613: 1600: 1596: 1588: 1583: 1580: 1569: 1567: 1561: 1559: 1547: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1514: 1509: 1502: 1495: 1490: 1484: 1474: 1462: 1457: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1434: 1428: 1425: 1420: 1414: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1351: 1348: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1327:. Therefore 1324: 1322: 1316: 1312: 1310: 1303: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1270: 1266: 1257: 1249: 1239: 1230: 1219:, where the 1214: 1211: 1193:had already 1178: 1175: 1166: 1164: 1152: 1141: 1138:First Fruits 1134: 1130: 1120: 1118: 1105: 1094: 1086: 1082: 1076: 1074: 1064: 1058: 1051: 1047: 1045: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1022: 1011: 1008: 1005: 993: 989: 977: 973: 969: 963: 956: 951: 935: 925: 921: 918: 899: 885: 879: 873: 864: 844: 824: 816:Pope Hyginus 778: 749: 733:Theodosius I 728:, after the 701: 700: 603:Influence on 524:Berlin Codex 357: 171:and founders 3344:Americanism 3319:Lutheranism 3309:Arminianism 3289:Josephinism 3279:Gallicanism 3246:Waldensians 3148:Middle Ages 3097:Pelagianism 3087:Novatianism 2983:Manichaeism 2919:Anomoeanism 2904:Adoptionism 2600:Mead, G.R.S 2586:Mead, G.R.S 2232:Hippolytus 2200:ii. 20, 114 1491:apolytrosis 1465:Higher Self 1345:Soteriology 1306:reincarnate 1101:Manichaeism 735:issued the 656:Rene Guenon 557:Christology 519:Bruce Codex 514:Askew Codex 394:Manichaeism 339:Basilideans 328:Alexandrian 239:Simon Magus 76:Anima mundi 66:Adam pagria 3436:Categories 3304:Anabaptism 3216:Josephines 3211:Impanation 3196:Henricians 3186:Fraticelli 3181:Dulcinians 3161:Bogomilism 3060:Modalistic 3055:Athinganoi 3035:Marcionism 3020:Iconoclasm 3008:Sethianism 2978:Gnosticism 2578:1120784980 2136:Schwartz, 2112:Alexandria 1854:References 1803:, LIV, 5-6 1799:Plutarch, 1744:Sethianism 1734:Gnosticism 1584:historical 1510:Heimarmene 1417:Marcosians 1411:Sacraments 1280:, and the 1274:pneumatici 1114:World-Soul 1091:Poimandres 1065:pneumatici 1040:sacraments 1035:Heimarmene 995:Parakletos 953:Epiphanius 938:hypostatic 828:Hippolytus 784:Alexandria 780:Valentinus 710:Valentinus 450:Scriptures 370:Marcosians 353:Valentinus 322:Sethianism 305:Saturninus 288:Marcionism 224:Elkasaites 197:Thomasines 156:Yaldabaoth 96:Five Seals 61:Adam kasia 36:Gnosticism 3374:Mormonism 3369:Modernism 3354:Feeneyism 3336:Modernity 3314:Calvinism 3294:Pantheism 3284:Jansenism 3241:Taborites 3231:Pasagians 3226:Migetians 3201:Humiliati 3171:Catharism 3156:Arnoldism 3077:Montanism 2998:Naassenes 2968:Ebionites 2936:Audianism 2896:Antiquity 2758:(1911). " 2722:cite book 2696:593295838 1739:Mandaeism 1592:salvation 1564:, 78, 2: 1546:(cf. the 1396:legend... 1099:) and in 1078:Anthropos 1071:Anthropos 990:Monogenes 986:Johannine 974:Anthropos 855:Theodotus 847:Heracleon 796:Basilides 609:Carl Jung 425:Nusayrism 334:Basilides 295:Nicolaism 273:Cerinthus 243:Simonians 234:Dositheos 214:Mandaeism 192:Maghāriya 3457:Gnostics 3326:Quietism 3221:Lollardy 3206:Hussites 3045:Modalism 2973:Euchites 2946:Donatism 2941:Docetism 2914:Arianism 2813:(1911). 2667:(2005). 2655:(1977). 2616:(1979). 2602:(1906). 2588:(1903). 2517:(1857). 2496:(1990). 2197:Stromata 2194:Clemens 2140:, i. 292 2138:A porien 1841:— 1796:— 1728:See also 1556:Reaction 1549:Tarnhelm 1521:Mandaean 1429:Aletheia 1315:and the 1287:Republic 1278:psychici 1253:Demiurge 1246:Demiurge 1207:ecliptic 1187:Platonic 1093:(in the 978:Ekklesia 976:and the 914:Demiurge 892:syzygies 870:Synopsis 762:such as 562:Docetism 377:Florinus 249:Menander 111:Luminary 91:Demiurge 29:a series 27:Part of 3384:Maximón 3003:Ophites 2963:Dualism 2786:: 2766:(ed.). 2753:: 1487:baptism 1481:Baptism 1448:). The 1446:nymphon 1199:Chi (X) 1179:Stauros 1053:Chokmah 912:as the 908:of the 876:Pleroma 851:Ptolemy 804:Theudas 775:History 743:as the 712:in the 706:Gnostic 641:Thelema 497:Codices 317:Ophites 300:Perates 283:Marcion 268:Apelles 254:Quqites 220:Elksai 131:Pleroma 86:Barbelo 2762:". In 2747: 2694: 2684: 2632: 2576: 2566: 2343: 1820:Apollo 1775:Osiris 1771:Apollo 1570:gnosis 1467:" or " 1373:Gnosis 1367:gnosis 1356:matter 1338:gnosis 1334:gnosis 1329:gnosis 1325:gnosis 1282:hylici 1276:, the 1234:monism 1227:Monism 1195:stated 1148:angels 1127:Christ 1121:gnosis 1002:Sophia 988:names 958:Ogdoad 926:gnosis 901:Sophia 881:Bythos 431:Modern 365:Marcus 278:Justin 136:Sophia 126:Ogdoad 106:Kenoma 101:Gnosis 81:Archon 23: 2236:6, 37 1824:Horus 1805:, in 1791:Horus 1783:Logos 1755:Notes 1610:Texts 1527:Death 1506:magic 1221:Cross 1191:Plato 1183:cross 1171:Horus 1167:Horos 1161:Horos 1061:Egypt 1048:Ruach 965:Logos 932:Aeons 887:Aeons 792:Egypt 584:Philo 464:Texts 420:Druze 347:Roman 141:Uthra 121:Monad 116:Manda 2887:list 2728:link 2692:OCLC 2682:ISBN 2630:ISBN 2574:OCLC 2564:ISBN 2341:ISBN 2320:. 77 2308:, 22 1816:Isis 1779:Rhea 1617:Rome 1519:, a 1352:Hyle 1087:e.g. 1083:i.e. 992:and 970:Zoe, 968:and 830:and 820:Pius 812:Rome 808:Paul 766:and 718:Rome 389:Mani 209:Adam 71:Aeon 2792:". 1785:), 1369:." 1203:sun 1089:in 906:God 894:or 754:by 3438:: 2819:. 2724:}} 2720:{{ 2690:. 2628:. 2572:. 2442:^ 2403:^ 2298:^ 2264:^ 2250:^ 2205:^ 2158:^ 2091:^ 2070:^ 2056:^ 2031:^ 1987:^ 1900:^ 1888:^ 1423:. 1319:: 1290:. 1173:. 1150:. 1103:. 857:. 842:. 822:. 747:. 31:on 2889:) 2885:( 2875:e 2868:t 2861:v 2730:) 2698:. 2638:. 2580:. 2349:. 1709:) 1705:( 1680:* 1672:* 1354:( 1181:( 1081:( 960:, 690:e 683:t 676:v 245:) 241:(

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