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VOR/DME eventually won the standardization effort, due to a number of factors. One was that the direct measurement systems like Loran were generally much more expensive to implement (and would be into the 1980s) while Decca had problems with static interference from lightning strikes because of its
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frequency. The choice of VOR/DME as a hybrid was due largely to it being easier to measure and then plot on a map. With VOR/DME, measurement from a single station reveals an angle and range, which can be easily drawn on a chart. Using a system based on two angles, as an example, requires two
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and similar systems used to navigate over national ranges. A number of proposals were submitted, including ones based solely on angle measurements like VOR, solely on distance measures like DME, combinations, or systems that output a location directly, like
85:. The system was revealed in 1952, but work continued into 1955, when the redundancy of effort caused controversy. The following year an agreement was reached, where civilian operators would adopt the
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The VOR system was first introduced in the 1930s, but did not enter significant commercial use until the early 1950s. It became much more practical with the introduction of low-cost
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began the process of introducing a standardized radio navigation system for medium-area coverage on the order of a few hundred kilometres. This system would replace the older
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Eventually, the FAA began to integrate their VOR/DME facilities with stations based on the TACAN standard, and the stations are called VORTAC. Then, most aviation moved to
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measurements at different frequencies (or using two radios) and then the angles plotted from both on a single chart which may be difficult in a cramped cockpit.
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directed civilian and military aviation to standardize on VOR/DME equipment. However, the military secretly developed a largely duplicate system called
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between the receiver and the station. Together, the two measurements allow the receiver to compute a
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281:. Civil Aeronautics Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. December 1955. p. 30
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Navigation
Programs, Federal Aviation Administration AJM-32 (1986).
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satellite navigation, and only use these older systems as a backup.
251:"Long, Costly Feud Over Navigation System for Planes Near Showdown"
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The first DME stations were installed on the airway system in 1952.
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Development of a VOR/DME Model for an
Advanced Concepts Simulator
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230:. Hampton, VA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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334:. U.S. Department of Transportation. 21 March 2024
66:receivers in the 1960s. DME was a modification of
51:to or from the beacon, while the DME provides the
47:(DME). The VOR allows the receiver to measure its
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221:Steinmetz, George G.; Bowles, Roland L. (1984).
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278:Federal Airway Plan: Fiscal Years 1957 – 1961
188:. Federal Aviation Administration. p. 2
206:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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300:Fernsworth, Lawrence (6 September 1956).
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185:VOR, VOR/DME, and Vortac Siting Criteria
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249:Colegrove, Albert M. (4 March 1955).
23:A VOR/DME ground station in Germany
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16:Aircraft radio navigation station
332:Federal Aviation Administration
302:"Plane Traffic Dispute Settled"
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70:-era navigation systems like
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257:. Scripps-Howard. p. 24
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45:distance-measuring equipment
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109:Low-frequency radio range
41:VHF omnidirectional range
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96:VOR/DME symbol used on
103:During the mid-1960s,
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79:United States Congress
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306:Concord Daily Monitor
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255:Albuquerque Tribune
98:aeronautical charts
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336:. Retrieved
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308:. p. 12
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234:28 September
232:. Retrieved
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192:28 September
190:. Retrieved
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68:World War II
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57:position fix
37:radio beacon
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64:solid state
144:References
202:cite book
149:Footnotes
354:Category
338:26 April
312:26 April
285:26 April
261:26 April
89:system.
118:Loran-C
49:bearing
33:VOR/DME
87:VORTAC
228:(PDF)
169:Notes
83:TACAN
72:Gee-H
35:is a
340:2024
314:2024
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263:2024
236:2023
208:link
194:2023
136:and
134:GNSS
116:and
105:ICAO
31:, a
138:GPS
126:kHz
27:In
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