4435:"Das allgemeine Fachwissen im Sinne des Patentrechts entspricht dem Wissen, das dem Fachmann aufgrund seiner Ausbildung und seiner Berufserfahrung zur Verfügung steht. Fachzeitschriften hingegen versuchen in der Regel, dem Fachmann neue, für seine Tätigkeit relevante Inhalte zu vermitteln, also Dinge, die in der Regel noch nicht Teil des allgemeinen Fachwissens geworden sind, und es möglicherweise auch nie sein werden." (English translation: "The common general knowledge within the meaning of patent law corresponds to the knowledge available to the skilled person on the basis of his education and professional experience. In contrast, specialist journals attempt in general to impart to the skilled person new contents relevant to his activity, i.e. things that have not yet become part of the common general knowledge and may never be part thereof.")
2893:
3237:
typically allows a patent to be enforced against an infringer prior to a final decision on the merits, i.e. while the infringement proceedings are pending. Depending on the jurisdiction, a number of requirements may have to be met for the court to grant a preliminary injunction, such as: urgency (to prevent imminent harm to the patentee's business), clear infringement, and a sufficient likelihood that the patent is valid. A preliminary injunction may be granted
2378:
595:
5114:, November 28, 2008, page 98, footnote 116 (pdf, 1.95 MB). (See copyright notice in page 1: "Reproduction of parts of this report that are based on the Commission's own research is authorised, provided that the source is acknowledged. For material quoted in this report that is derived from other sources, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder.")
2408:(IDS) reference to a communication with a patenting authority (e.g. office action response, or notice of allowance) in a related patent application. Based on the McKesson v. Bridge Medical decision where inequitable conduct was found where the applicant failed to notify the USPTO of such references. See also
4669:"... the term "disclaimer" is used in the decision as meaning an amendment to a claim resulting in the incorporation therein of a "negative" technical feature, typically excluding from a general feature specific embodiments or areas" in Decision G 2/10, August 30, 2011, Reasons for the decision, point 2.2.
2648:
A concept of U.S. law in which the grant of a patent is prevented if the invention that is the subject of the patent application was on sale more than one year prior to the priority date. In most other jurisdictions on sale bar is triggered at the moment the sale occurs, and they do not provide for a
2629:
A formal report from a Patent Office examiner to an inventor or attorney detailing which claims in a patent application were allowed for later issue (publication) in a patent and which claims were rejected. The examiner gives reasons for allowance or rejection. Some other examiner's requests (e.g. a
1033:
Under
European patent practice, a legal approach, now abandoned by the European Patent Office (EPO), for assessing whether an invention was patentable. The approach consisted in establishing whether the "contribution to the art" made by the invention was only in a field excluded from patentability by
966:
and the like". Exceptionally however, common general knowledge may also be established on the basis of the content of patent specifications "and in particular when a series of patent specifications provides a consistent picture that a particular technical procedure was generally known and belonged to
3739:
Changes to US patent law in
December 2012 created a sub-category of Small Entity Status called "Micro Entity Status" for inventors who qualify for Small Entity Status, but also have a gross income less than a certain amount, and have assigned their patent(s) to their employer which is an institution
3735:
In United States patent law, a status allowing small businesses, independent inventors, and nonprofit organizations to file a patent application and maintain an issued patent for a reduced fee. An entity that does not qualify for small entity status is charged double the fees charged small entities.
3486:
each effectively lead, once granted, to a bundle of national patents for which there might be separate translation requirements (for example in the
European Patent Convention), maintenance fees, durations of protection (for example with ARIPO) and separate jurisdiction exist (a patent invalidated in
3418:
The process of establishing patent infringement involves "reading" a claim onto the technology of interest. If all of the claim's elements are found in the technology, the claim is said to "read on" the technology; if a single element from the claim is missing from the technology, the claim does not
2614:
is tasked with solving. If the skilled person, starting from the closest prior art and faced with the objective technical problem, would have arrived, without exercising any inventive skill, at the claimed invention, then the claimed invention is regarded as being obvious, i.e. the claimed invention
950:
to be able to carry out the invention, and whether the subject-matter of a prior art disclosure is enabling. The common general knowledge "is the common knowledge in the field to which the invention relates." The information "must be generally known and generally regarded as a good basis for further
3638:
In United States patent law, an obviousness rejection based on a single reference. Generally a case for an obviousness rejection requires the examiner to rely on 2 or more references. Sandor
Obviousness stems from Ex Parte Sandor Nagy where the examiner relied on only a single reference to reject
3403:
requires Member States to ensure that the applicant can claim compensation reasonable in the circumstances from any person who has used the invention in their territory. Following publication of the mention of the patent grant, full compensation of any losses suffered may be claimed, depending also
3297:
A right to benefit from the filing date of an earlier application in a subsequent application. Claiming a priority right means that the filing date of the earlier application, i.e. the "priority date", rather than the actual date of filing of the subsequent application, will be used as the decisive
3982:
In United States patent law, a phrase that links the preamble of a patent claim to the specific elements set forth in the claim which define what the invention itself actually is. The transitional phrase acts as a limitation on the claim, indicating whether a similar device, method, or composition
3669:
The patenting of a particular medical use of a molecule (or more generally product or composition), wherein a first particular use of a molecule is already known and, therefore, wherein the novel and inventive aspect lies solely in the second use of the molecule. Also known as further medical use.
4183:
A particular feature of the legal protection of inventions in the USSR is that legislation establishes two means of protection: the author's certificate and the patent. The author of an invention may by his own choice require either only the recognition of his authorship or the recognition of his
1709:
When a patent is infringed by some party other than the one actually directly engaged in the infringement of the invention, but the original party is the cause of the infringement. For instance, when a third party supplies a product which is intended to be used, or can only be reasonably used or
954:
Regarding the inventive step assessment, " information is part of the common general knowledge then it forms part of the stock of knowledge which will inform and guide the skilled person's approach to the problem from the outset. It may, for example, affect the steps it will be obvious for him to
551:
A patent is "allowed" when the patent office examiners have determined that the patent application meets the necessary criteria of novelty, non-obviousness, feasibility, and usefulness. The applicants are notified of this certification, and that the patent office is ready to grant the patent once
3236:
An injunction issued by a court prior to a final determination of the merits of a legal case, in order to restrain a party from going ahead with a course of conduct or compelling a party to continue with a course of conduct until the case has been decided. In patent law, a preliminary injunction
2420:
In United States patent law, an IDS reference to a court document (e.g. memorandum opinion, or a court order) pertaining to a litigation involving an application or a related patent/application. Based on the Marlow
Industries, Inc. v. Igloo Products Corp. decision where the court found that the
1399:
A legal concept according to which intellectual property (IP) rights, such as patent rights, in a product are exhausted by its sale. The concept of national exhaustion (exhaustion by sale in the domestic market), which is recognized in most countries around the world, is distinguished from the
661:
An application filed by a resident of a given country/jurisdiction with a patent office of another country/jurisdiction. For example, a patent application filed by an applicant residing in France with the USPTO is considered an “ application abroad” from the perspective of France. “Application
2914:
A warning that a patent application has been filed for an invention integrated in a product. The warning indicates that the applicant(s) may be entitled to some rights even if a patent has not been granted yet, or that the applicant(s) will be entitled to some rights once a patent is granted.
580:
An application for a patent, or patent application, is a request by a person or company to the competent authority (usually a patent office) to grant them a patent. By extension, a patent application also refers to the content of the document which that person or company filed to initiate the
5319:
A selection patent is a patent granted for making an inventive selection from a field that is already known. Selection inventions may involve the selection of individual elements, sub-sets, or sub-ranges, which have not been explicitly disclosed previously, within a larger known set or
3817:
A procedure governed by MPEP Sections 1100 et al. in which a patent applicant could request a public filing of their application. Usually, this was used when the applicant felt a patent was no longer possible during the application period. It may now be obsolete due to the 1999
2550:. The term arose in 1995 to distinguish what were at the time "normal" patent applications from the newly established provisional applications. A complete non-provisional application differs from a provisional in that a non-provisional must contain at least one claim and is to be
1020:
In United States law, an active patent application, prior to final action, may give rise to additional applications for additional claims carrying the priority date of the original application. With the move to published applications, this has become a common way of producing
3419:
literally read on the technology and the technology does not infringe the patent with respect to that claim. Also, the process of contesting or invalidating a patent can involve showing that the claim reads on prior art, i.e., the claim's elements are found in the prior art.
3144:
to accelerate a patent's prosecution, based on a showing that certain conditions are met. For example, if the inventor is old or sick, or the field of invention is a favored area of science that significantly enriches people's lives, The U.S. PTO may allow such a petition.
3447:
In United States patent law, making or performing an invention (actual reduction to practice) or filing a patent application describing how to make and use an invention (constructive reduction to practice). Important for determining which party is "first to invent".
1099:
A declaration sought or obtained from a court that one's actions do not infringe a particular patent. An action for a declaration of non-infringement may be brought before a court as a preventive measure prior to being sued by a patent proprietor, for example if an
1594:
A defense against an alleged infringement by equivalents, wherein the alleged infringer claims that the embodiment alleged to be equivalent (to the subject-matter claimed in the patent) is not patentable and therefore the doctrine of equivalents does not apply.
1856:
A type of patent in some countries used for inventions that have a short commercial life or that offers a comparatively small advance over existing technology. It often has a shorter term of protection, for example 8 years instead of 20 in
Australia. See also
1468:
The special folder type holding a U.S. patent application. The "file wrapper" was a large three section binder that interlineated to close into one large "wrapper." These paper File wrappers were fully digitized as of June 3, 2003 and are now called
2368:
A pre-trial hearing in the United States court system during which a judge hears testimony from both parties on the appropriate meanings of the relevant key words used in the claims of a patent, the infringement of which is alleged by the plaintiff.
2019:
A form of recognition granted by communist states to inventors. "It does not grant to the inventor the exclusive right to use the invention or to preclude others from doing so but, rather, signifies that the invention is state property." See also
872:
is made. An international preliminary examination is conducted in this case. The demand indicates the
Contracting State or States in which the applicant intends to use the results of the international preliminary examination ("elected States").
1246:
In U.S. patent law, a form of patent infringement liability that occurs when multiple actors are involved in carrying out the claimed infringement of a method patent and no single accused infringer has performed all of the steps of the method.
746:
Legal system in which patent infringement and patent validity are decided upon by different courts. The German legal system is bifurcated as patent infringement is dealt with by district courts and patent validity by the
Federal Patent Court
2682:
A territorial right to prevent others from commercially exploiting an invention, granted to an inventor or the inventor's successor in rights in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. A patent is regarded as a specific type of
3921:
A procedure under U.S. patent law whereby an inventor can get a patent even if the invention has become public before the patent application was filed. Also "Swear behind a reference" or "Antedate" a reference. See 35 USC Section 102.
3598:
In some legislations, an exemption to the rights conferred by patents, pursuant to which performing research and tests for preparing regulatory approval does not constitute infringement for a limited term before the end of patent term.
1460:(that is, a licensee that manufactures a patented product or performs a patented process) to do in relation to the patent, by specifying a defined field of permissible operation or specifying fields from which the licensee is excluded.
3790:
The specification, or patent specification, may either refer to the description of a patent or patent application, which is the meaning prevalent in the U.S., or to the complete patent as granted, which is meaning prevalent in Europe.
1489:, i.e. the date on which that application is legally accepted at the patent office. That date is typically the date on which the documents are deposited at the office, but may be later if there are defects in the documents. See also
542:
must be made within a prescribed time limit. If no reply is received within the time period, the application may be considered, depending on the jurisdiction, as abandoned or deemed to be withdrawn, and, therefore, no longer pending.
3906:
right notably available for medicinal and plant protection products. The right comes into force after the corresponding patent expires and, for medicinal and plant protection products, has a maximum term (i.e., lifetime) of 5 years.
1603:
A freedom-to-operate search is a search aimed at establishing whether a product or process is covered by patent rights, including patent and patent applications. If it does, commercially exploiting the product or process may lead to
1073:
A defense in an infringement action, consisting in the defendant arguing that the asserted patent is invalid or partially invalid, for example because its claimed subject-matter lacks novelty or is obvious in view of the prior art.
3708:
In U.S. patent law, an implied license under which a firm may use a patented invention, invented by an employee who was working within the scope of their employment, using the firms' equipment, or inventing at the firms' expense.
2713:, about a patent that the member or the member's company owns, has pending, or intends to file, which is relevant to the standard, and subsequently the company asserts that a patent is infringed by use of the standard as adopted.
1949:
An invalidity opinion, also called "validity opinion", is a legal opinion provided by an attorney on how a court might rule on the validity of an issued patent. Invalidity opinions are often sought prior to patent litigation. See
3342:
A letter that one can file with a court, as a precautionary measure, to explain to the court that one does not infringe a particular patent, and/or that the patent is invalid, in an attempt to prevent the court from granting any
921:
A search done on issued patents or on pending patent applications to determine if a product or process infringes any of the claims of the issued patents or pending patent applications. These searches and opinions are also called
3583:
In the United States, a request by an applicant for continued prosecution after the patent office has issued a "final" rejection or after prosecution "on the merits" has been closed (for example by a Notice of
Allowance (NOA)).
3217:
Pre-grant
Publication (PGpub) is the procedure under 35 U.S.C. Section 122(b) requiring the publication of most United States patent applications 18 months after their filing dates. This procedure was first enacted in the 1999
4121:
A validity opinion, also called "invalidity opinion", is a legal opinion provided by an attorney on how a court might rule on the validity of an issued patent. Validity opinions are often sought prior to patent litigation. See
1322:
In a patent or patent application, "a specific combination of features or a specific mode of carrying out the invention, by contrast to a more abstract definition of features which can be carried out in more than one way."
1848:, a time gap that often results from the German bifurcated system (i.e., infringement and validity of patents are decided by different courts), when the decision on infringement is reached before the decision on validity.
3935:
A condition for an invention to be considered patentable under the case law and practice of the European Patent Office (EPO). Namely, an invention must notably have a technical character to be patentable. See for example
1968:
A confidential document written by a scientist or engineer for use by a company's patent department, or by an external patent attorney, to determine whether patent protection should be sought for the described invention.
3121:
A notional person having typical knowledge of a particular field or art, used such as to assess whether an invention is nonobvious or whether the specification of the patent enables one to practice what is claimed.
1001:
in which the applicant adds subject-matter not disclosed in the parent application, but repeats substantial portion of the parent's specification, and shares at least one inventor with the parent application. See
680:
sought from a court that a product to be launched was old or obvious at a particular date, so that the product cannot be affected by a later granted patent, which would also either lack novelty or inventive step.
2306:
A contract wherein a party (the "licensor") grants to another party (the "licensee") the authorization to use an invention which is subject to a patent, generally in exchange of a financial compensation, the
1671:
To "grant" a patent means issuing it to an applicant. Upon grant (or issuance), a patent application becomes a patent, and the applicant becomes patent holder (also called "patentee" or "patent proprietor").
2439:
In United States patent law, a patent may notably claim a process or method. The claim gives right to exclude performance of the process or method, regardless of the equipment or technology used to do so.
2735:
patent, which can result in the revocation of that patent. The PALM system is used with both Image File Wrappers and paper File Wrappers. See Manual of Patent Examination and Procedure, Section 2235.
2395:
A representation of a chemical structure covering a group of chemical compounds. Markush structures are commonly used in patent claims. A claim comprising a Markush structure is called "Markush claim".
1418:
patent rules, the examination support document (ESD) is a document submitted by an applicant that lists prior art and identifies how the prior art applies to the claims in a pending patent application.
3039:
An opinion as to whether an invention might be patentable. Such an opinion may be established by a patent attorney to assist an inventor or company into deciding whether to file a patent application.
3539:
A type of patent that takes effect, even if the substantial requirements (e.g. regarding novelty) have not been fulfilled. The Belgian, Dutch and French patents are examples of registration patents.
3167:, i.e. mostly 6 or 10 years instead of 20 years. In some jurisdictions, the patentability criteria applicable to petty patents are less stringent than those applicable to 20-year patents. See also
4002:
A common patent court open for participation of all member states of the European Union, and established by the "Agreement on a Unified Patent Court" (UPCA), which is in force since June 1, 2023.
662:
abroad” is a concept similar to “non-resident application”, which describes a patent application received by an IP office from an applicant residing in a country represented by another IP office.
5032:"Notice from the European Patent Office dated 8 March 2017 concerning the processing by the EPO as International Searching Authority of informal comments on earlier search results ("PCT Direct")"
3279:
The "period of 12 months starting from the filing date of the earlier (or earliest if there is more than one) application whose priority is claimed in" a subsequent patent application. See also
3107:
from an earlier application already searched by the EPO to reply –at the time of filing the PCT application– to any objections raised in the search opinion drawn up for the priority application.
1041:
and, if so, the application could be refused. The EPO now applies the sometimes named "any hardware" or "any technical means" approach, notably formulated in EPO Board of Appeal decisions
3561:
In the United States, to have patent claims "rejected" in a patent application means that the subject matter as claimed is considered by the patent examiner to be unpatentable. A final
2334:
process is patent-eligible (under § 101) if: (1) it is tied to a particular machine or apparatus, or (2) it transforms a particular article into a different state or thing. See also:
2663:
Proceedings in which a third party opposes the grant of a patent in an attempt to prevent that grant, or have the patent revoked. Opposition proceedings may be pre- or post-grant.
1206:
The act of developing an alternative apparatus or method (which may in itself also be a patentable invention), that does not infringe upon an issued patent. Also used as a noun.
552:
certain fees are paid and paperwork filed by the inventors or assignees. The term is used in the U.S. and some other countries. Few allowed patents are not subsequently granted.
4040:
A requirement that a patent application can relate only to one invention (or to a group of inventions so linked as to form a single general inventive concept). See for instance
3368:(USPTO) that establishes an early filing date, but which does not mature into an issued patent unless the applicant files a regular patent application within one year. See also
1214:
Under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), a national patent office of or acting for a State designated by the applicant under Chapter I of the PCT. See also "Chapter I" above.
1314:
Under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), a national patent office of or acting for a State elected by the applicant under Chapter II of the PCT. See also "Chapter II" above.
4826:
4375:
1608:. Freedom-to-operate analyses, opinions, and assessments are aimed at determining the risk of patent infringement in that respect. These searches and opinions are also called
905:
A chart often used in the context of patent litigation for analyzing and presenting information regarding a patent claim vis-Ă -vis an allegedly infringing product or method.
951:
action by the bulk of those engaged in that art before it becomes part of their common stock of knowledge relating to the art, and so part of the common general knowledge."
1710:
worked upon to make the device claimed in a patent. In some jurisdictions, forms of indirect infringements include "contributory infringement" and "induced infringement".
1232:, words identifying subject-matter that is not claimed or, by extension, an amendment consisting in limiting a claim by introducing therein a negative technical feature.
3608:
1891:
to a claim resulting in "an undisclosed combination of selected features lying somewhere between an originally broad disclosure and a more limited specific disclosure".
3520:
3471:
1065:
Two or more patent applications are said to be co-pending, or copending, if they are both pending before the patent office and have been filed by the same applicant.
2011:
The actual devisor of an invention that is the subject of a patent. The inventor's employer is not the inventor. More than one inventor can be named on a patent.
5288:
5273:
4810:
4359:
4344:
4041:
3553:
A U.S. patent that is reissued by the USPTO after the patentee filed an application for reissue, because the originally issued patent was regarded as defective.
1736:
A requirement of many patent systems, requiring that an invention be capable of industrial applicability in order for a patent to be granted for that invention.
1279:
even though the infringing device or process does not fall within the literal scope of a patent claim, but nevertheless is equivalent to the claimed invention.
3396:"for the period of provisional protection, between the moment of publication of the patent application and the moment of the publication of the patent grant,
3937:
3759:
2603:
In the so-called "problem-solution approach" applied by the European Patent Office (EPO) to assess whether a claimed invention involves an inventive step (
3775:
3524:
3307:
2598:
581:
application process. This document usually contains a description of the invention and at least one claim used to define the sought scope of protection.
4705:
3385:
4571:
Lemley, Mark A., Rational Ignorance at the Patent Office (February 2001). Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 95, No. 4, 2001. Available at SSRN:
1112:
A practice consisting in "obtaining patents to stake claim to an area of technology in hopes of preventing other companies from suing them." See also
775:
1400:
concept of regional or international exhaustion (exhaustion by sale in the domestic market), which is recognized in some countries but not in others.
4215:
In the Soviet Union and in a number of Socialist countries, there is another kind of grant for an invention called Author's or Inventor's Certificate
4076:
An intellectual property right which is very similar to the patent, but usually has a shorter term (often 6 or 10 years) and may have less stringent
3767:
3488:
3625:
Lawsuit initiated by a party requesting a patent to be declared invalid, i.e. to be revoked. Also called "invalidity action" or "nullity action".
1526:
A legal concept in which the right to a patent for an invention is determined by the first person to file for a patent to protect that invention,
4015:
3771:
1888:
981:
Using compulsory licenses, a government may force a patent proprietor to grant use to the state or others. Usually, the holder does receive some
4733:
4448:
T 890/02, point 2, and "Case Law of the Boards of Appeal" EPO, 6th edition, 2010, chapter I, section C.1.5 and last paragraph of section C.3.2.6
3259:
Material publicly available prior to the priority date of an application which may anticipate the subject of and prevent the grant of a patent.
1659:
A defense in patent litigation. More precisely, this is "the argument in infringement proceedings (...) that the defendant's product implements
4917:
3812:
2250:
5314:
Working Guidelines, Question Q209, Selection Inventions – the Inventive Step Requirement, other Patentability Criteria and Scope of Protection
1385:
Various legal, business and technological strategies by which patentees extend or attempt to extend the patent protection for their products.
4274:
1368:
1261:
A type of patent application which contains matter from a previously-filed application. Also referred to simply as "divisional application".
616:
4504:
3657:, which mentions documents which may be taken into consideration in deciding whether the invention to which a patent application relates is
958:
Under European practice, "the common general knowledge of the person skilled in the art is, as a general rule, established on the basis of
5195:
5125:
3470:
A single patent covering a set of countries. As of 2012, the only true regional patent covering more than two countries appears to be the
3209:
Pejorative term. Generally refers to the willful infringement of a patent. May also be applied to the vigorous enforcement of a patent.
2572:
A patentability requirement according to which an invention is not patentable if it was already publicly known before the date of filing.
2274:
In United States patent law, one of the available applicant's status, along with the "small entity" status and the "micro entity" status.
1576:
An authorization granted by a governmental authority to an applicant to apply for a patent in a country outside its own country. See also
4096:
Phrase sometimes used, primarily in the US, to distinguish the primary meaning of the term "patent" from other types of patents, such as
3428:
2145:
1997:
A patentability requirement according to which an invention should be sufficiently inventive, i.e. non-obvious, in order to be patented.
1779:
1433:
4145:
Patent issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office between July 1790 (when the first U.S. patent was issued) and July 1836.
913:
The process of interpreting or explaining the meaning of the terms in a patent claim, especially in the context of patent infringement.
3516:
2969:
A dense web of overlapping intellectual property rights that a company must navigate through in order to commercialize new technology.
2508:
2167:
1394:
1500:(USPTO) by Express Mail, Post Office to Addressee, then the date the application was deposited in the post office is the filing date.
5468:
4159:
3566:
3365:
3316:(EPO), a systematic approach to assess whether an invention involves an inventive step. Also called "problem and solution approach".
3075:
A deal under which a company holding a patent on a drug pays a generic manufacturer to delay its launch of a cheap copy of the drug.
2759:
1813:
1497:
1470:
5442:
1162:
A letter sent to a company "seeking royalties and threatening legal action for patent infringement." Also called a "threat letter".
5478:
3031:
A set of substantive requirements for a patent to be granted. An invention satisfying these requirements is said to be patentable.
2503:
Any technical document that is neither a patent nor a patent application and that is submitted by a party—such as an applicant, an
2043:
A code including a letter and often a digit, indicating a kind of patent document (e.g., published application or granted patent).
5385:"...since each of these sections (specification, abstract, claims, sequence listings) of the disclosure are separately indexed..."
2929:
A consortium of at least two companies agreeing to cross-license patents and other IP rights relating to a particular technology.
3968:
An operation by which ownership of a patent or patent application changes (for instance as a result of a financial transaction).
3116:
2884:
The generation of revenue or the attempt to generate revenue by a person or company by selling or licensing the patents it owns.
2802:
Technical drawing in a patent application, that illustrates the invention. It may be required by law to be in a particular form.
2492:
703:
barring a patent's seller (assignor) from attacking the patent's validity if they are found to have infringed that patent later.
151:
4373: : "Enabling disclosure of a prior-art document"; Legal Research Service for the Boards of Appeal, European Patent Office,
3871:
3053:
Patent systems exclude certain areas from the grant of patents. Material not so excluded is known as patentable subject matter.
3763:
3730:
2269:
1148:
where the licensor can terminate a patent license if the licensee turns around and sues the licensor for infringing a patent.
5521:
5004:
5162:
4011:
3897:
332:
4014:, also called "European patent with unitary effect", is the most well-known unitary patent. Other unitary patents are the
1920:
1547:
A legal concept in which the right to a patent for an invention is determined by the first person to make that invention,
5108:
1301:
At the European Patent Office, the application documents serving as the basis for the publication of the granted patent.
891:
defining the extent of the protection conferred by a patent, or the extent of protection sought in a patent application.
146:
4892:
566:
A fee to be paid to maintain a patent or a patent application in force. Also called "maintenance fee" or "renewal fee".
3017:
A process for monitoring newly issued patents on a periodic basis to see if any of these patents might be of interest.
2528:
2486:
2470:
2243:
1992:
1293:
The protection of one single invention by two patents, in the same jurisdiction, usually owned by the same proprietor.
765:
U.K. law concept according to which, if "the extent of the monopoly claimed exceeds the technical contribution to the
136:
1170:
A request to subject an international application to an international preliminary examination under Chapter II of the
5496:
5150:
An apparently unique feature of OAPI is that the OAPI patent is a single patent which extends to each member country.
4824: : "Intermediate generalisations", and Legal Research Service for the Boards of Appeal, European Patent Office,
4249:
4208:
3885:
3880:
performed for an international (PCT) application in addition to the main international search provided for under the
3754:
A patent in the field of computer software. Some types of inventions in the field of software are legally considered
3578:
3548:
3219:
3070:
2727:
The Patent Application Locating and Monitoring System (PALM) is used to support the Reexamination process inside the
1550:
1542:
1529:
1521:
1364:
1130:
A publication intended to prevent the grant of a patent to a competitor by placing information in the public domain.
642:
4831:
4380:
2354:
A fee to be paid to maintain a patent or a patent application in force. Also called "annuity fee" or "renewal fee".
624:
3819:
3617:, a means of redress following a loss of right due to the non-observance of a time limit in spite of all due care.
3141:
2405:
1807:
2856:, an affirmative defense used in patent litigation after the defendant has been found to have infringed a patent.
5447:
3850:
An important requirement to be met by a patent in order to be validly granted. According to this requirement, an
813:
17:
5031:
4593:
4814:
2631:
2390:
2325:
620:
5292:
3061:
One to whom a patent was granted. Also called "patent holder", "patent proprietor", or "patent right holder".
5220:
4709:
3755:
2236:
1256:
1015:
1003:
357:
therein, but a territorial right to exclude others from commercially exploiting the invention, granted to an
229:
5277:
4363:
4348:
3204:
5167:
4692:
4657:
4429:
3678:
An invention consisting in the selection of individual elements, sub-sets, or sub-ranges, within a larger,
3325:
2172:
1409:
1113:
4947:
4797:
4452:
decisions T 151/05, points 3.4.1, 4.1 and 4.3 of the reasons, and T 452/05, point 2.4.1, paragraph (b)(ii)
4227:
1359:
A regional patent office responsible for granting European patents covering the Contracting States to the
2995:, but does not manufacture products or supply services based upon the patents in question. Also called a
2684:
2288:
An old term for a patent, sometimes used in reference to a bound formal copy of a patent provided by the
770:
5401:: "The specification of the European patent shall include the description, the claims and any drawings."
3350:
to the patentee, if the patentee were to ask the court for ordering preliminary measures in the future.
1879:
Under U.S. patent law, proceedings to decide who is entitled to the grant of a patent for an invention.
5516:
5398:
4632:
3614:
3512:
3508:
3507:(PCT) becomes subject to examination at a regional level. There are four regional patent treaties: the
3400:
3389:
2607:
1577:
1360:
1038:
5253:
5232:
5016:
4425:
5526:
5487:
4853:
4730:
4681:
4646:
4617:
4332:
4325:
4310:
4303:
3916:
3881:
3859:
3845:
3504:
3084:
3048:
2788:
Classification of patents in technological areas for convenient retrieval during prior art searches.
2462:
1926:
1900:
1171:
947:
943:
869:
854:
847:
769:
made by the invention as described in the specification", the patent may be revoked on the ground of
193:
172:
121:
90:
5311:
Jochen E. BĂĽhling, Dariusz Szleper, Thierry Calame, Nicolai Lindgreen, Nicola Dagg, Shoichi Okuyama,
5057:
4925:
4986:, 2001, Innovation Policy and the Economy (Vol. I) (Jaffe, E. et al., eds), pp. 119–150, MIT Press.
4551:
4059:
3137:
3131:
2853:
2751:
2540:
2504:
2349:
2135:
1978:
1731:
696:
605:
561:
325:
234:
141:
5382:
4428:, point 2.1.3, referring to decision T 890/02, OJ EPO 2005, 497, point 2 of the reasons. See also
4154:
3359:
2547:
2213:
1874:
1791:
1447:
1270:
609:
4058:
A patentability requirement mainly used to prevent the patenting of inoperative devices such as
811:) from a pending patent application. Also called "derivation". The corresponding German term is
754:
5458:
5341:
5312:
5199:
5137:
3779:
3313:
3231:
3096:
2706:
1836:
Lawsuit initiated by a patentee in order to enforce their patent against an alleged infringer.
1438:
A type of licensing typically used during standardisation processes. Also abbreviated "FRAND".
1354:
998:
831:
255:
5078:
4472:, Boalt Working Papers in Public Law (University of California, Berkeley), Year 2003, Paper 20
3433:
A type of licensing typically used during standardisation processes. Also abbreviated "RAND".
2900:
of the military aircraft, stating "Patents pending in other dominions and foreign countries".
857:
is made. The states selected under Chapter I by the applicant are called "designated States".
4399:
3442:
2783:
2658:
2140:
1751:
1139:
1125:
199:
59:
54:
4866:"New Developments in Biotechnology:Patenting Life—Special Report (NTIS order #PB89-196612)"
3997:
1963:
1911:
The period of time from the filing of a PCT application to the entry into national phases.
1812:
In United States patent law, a submission of relevant background art or information to the
1241:
677:
64:
4865:
4010:
A patent having a unitary effect throughout the territories of more than one country. The
3822:
which required publication of U.S. applications in 18 months unless an exception applied.
8:
4123:
3983:
infringes the patent if it contains more or fewer elements than the claim in the patent.
3977:
3298:
date for assessing patentability of the invention claimed in the subsequent application.
2988:
2879:
2833:
2465:(PCT) becomes subject to examination at a national level. In the United States, the term
2422:
2409:
2182:
2066:
1951:
1745:
1704:
1605:
1276:
1223:
1101:
927:
318:
301:
224:
214:
209:
204:
105:
5464:
5361:
4242:
Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology and Chemical Inventions: World Protection and Exploitation
4201:
Patents, trademarks, and related rights: national and international protection, Volume 1
3462:
The examination of a granted patent, which can result in the revocation of that patent.
2943:
A collection of patents owned by a single entity, such as an individual or corporation.
2774:. It was an official notice of intention to file a patent application at a later date.
2491:
A patentability requirement according to which an invention should not be obvious to a "
1983:
A firm providing services to inventors to help them develop or market their inventions.
4981:
4035:
3855:
3639:
the claims at issue. Ultimately the case was remanded on appeal back to the examiner.
3593:
3381:
2763:
2710:
2688:
2551:
2543:
2125:
1795:
1783:
1482:
1342:
976:
838:
to its members and then selling or donating the patent after a certain period of time.
700:
656:
575:
177:
100:
85:
80:
4614:
4322:
866:
851:
5484:
5079:"Practical Advice - How to correct the priority date of an international application"
5000:
4850:
4780:
4772:
4678:
4643:
4329:
4307:
4300:
4245:
4204:
3963:
2386:
2006:
1845:
1767:
1686:
1589:
1022:
718:
690:
671:
358:
250:
219:
126:
5454:
3836:
A patent first published and granted long after the original application was filed.
2892:
2558:
to a prior filed application, which is not permitted with provisional applications.
4762:
4576:
4053:
3877:
3831:
3163:, which are specific forms of patents for inventions usually granted for a shorter
2938:
2567:
2524:
2516:
1332:
1288:
265:
131:
95:
5474:
4731:
USPTO § 1.10 Filing of correspondence by "Express Mail." – Appendix R Patent Rules
3404:
on whether the infringer knew or should have known that he or she was infringing."
3330:
In certain states, most notably the United States, actions during prosecution can
361:
or their successor in rights in exchange to a public disclosure of the invention.
5500:
5395:
5172:
4983:
Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard-Setting
4896:
4737:
4629:
3749:
3479:
3475:
3397:
3159:
3100:
2838:
Commercially exploiting a patented invention without permission of the patentee.
2604:
2512:
2474:
2434:
2363:
2197:
2192:
2130:
2109:
1787:
1638:
1563:
1183:
1035:
865:
In the PCT, "Chapter II" refers to the prosecution procedure when a demand under
291:
270:
260:
4907:
Marlow Industries, Inc. v. Igloo Products Corp., 2002 WL 485698 (N.D. Tex. 2002)
3491:
can also be regarded as a regional patent with a truly unitary effect. See also
4463:
4279:
3949:
3682:
set or range. A selection patent is a patent granted on a selection invention.
3292:
3104:
2964:
2909:
2797:
2771:
2755:
2611:
2555:
2331:
2283:
1692:
1490:
1453:
1338:
1229:
1189:
1088:
939:
882:
780:
712:
5414:
3884:(PCT). The supplementary international search (SIS) is carried out by another
5510:
4889:
4776:
4693:
Decision G 2/10 of the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office
4658:
Decision G 2/10 of the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office
4097:
4077:
4071:
3654:
3648:
3562:
3457:
3164:
3154:
3026:
2897:
2847:
2811:
2745:
2722:
2700:
2624:
1644:
1486:
1201:
1157:
1145:
959:
938:
A legal concept used notably when assessing whether an invention involves an
804:
539:
4948:"Antitrust: Commission confirms sending a Statement of Objections to Rambus"
4467:
1568:
A test for patentability formerly used by the United States Federal Courts.
850:(PCT), "Chapter I" refers to the prosecution procedure when no demand under
4977:
4784:
4101:
3503:
The prosecution phase wherein an international application filed under the
3483:
3012:
2978:
2865:
2716:
2461:
The prosecution phase wherein an international application filed under the
2336:
1775:
1380:
733:
and a number of Socialist countries. Also called "inventor's certificate".
730:
354:
296:
49:
5493:
4871:. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. April 1989. p. 162
4767:
4750:
4105:
2901:
1456:
that limits the scope of what the patent owner authorizes a manufacturing
4019:
2924:
2709:
withholds information, during participation in development and setting a
2643:
2515:
during patent prosecution. The non-patent literature includes especially
2187:
986:
900:
888:
4995:
Mark J. Thronson, Joel M. Grossman, Gabrielle S. Roth, Jon D. Grossman,
4580:
4184:
authorship and the grant to him of the exclusive right to the invention.
3375:
2523:
to show that an invention claimed in a patent or patent application was
3703:
3658:
2226:
2177:
2151:
275:
2421:
applicant had a duty to notify the USPTO of such references. See also
1914:
1663:
technology, such that any patent which it infringes must be invalid."
364:
3851:
3800:
3679:
3254:
2767:
2520:
2308:
2301:
2038:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1660:
1427:
982:
766:
156:
3858:
or patent in a sufficiently clear and complete manner to enable the
2377:
1363:(EPC). Under PCT procedures, the EPO acts as a Receiving Office, an
594:
4140:
3888:(ISA) than the ISA that carries out the main international search.
3384:, i.e. the rights conferred before the patent is granted. See also
3331:
1457:
1042:
963:
4572:
2992:
2104:
2086:
1648:
955:
take, including the nature and extent of any literature search."
835:
1816:(USPTO) by an applicant for a patent during patent prosecution.
4530:
4482:
4275:"Sun, EBay, Rock & Republic, Troyer: Intellectual Property"
3954:
The maximum period during which it can be maintained in force.
2984:
2677:
2222:
2090:
2070:
1759:
1496:
In the United States, if a patent application is mailed to the
967:
the common general knowledge in the art at the relevant date".
721:, the second reading, or publication, of a patent application.
350:
44:
3422:
2531:
before the filing of the application. Also abbreviated "NPL".
2330:
A criterion in United States patent law, according to which a
944:
disclosure of the invention is sufficiently clear and complete
803:
Under German patent law, a procedure consisting in deriving a
5133:
5021:, The Economist, August 6, 2009. Consulted on August 7, 2009.
4921:
4446:
Decision T 0412/09 of 9 May 2012, point 2.1.3, referring to "
3099:(EPO). The scheme consists in allowing an applicant filing a
2728:
2289:
2052:
1415:
4999:(Loose Leaf), Aspen Publishers, 2008 Supplement, page 1-12.
4414:
Generics (UK) Ltd v Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd & Anor
4401:
Generics (UK) Ltd v Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd & Anor
3718:
3180:
1485:
is the date the patent application was filed in one or more
1275:
A legal rule that allows a court to hold a party liable for
5372:
December 19, 2012, Federal Register page 75034, left column
4390: : "Reproducibility of the content of the disclosure".
3872:
Patent Cooperation Treaty § Search and written opinion
3609:
Restitutio in integrum under the European Patent Convention
3364:
In United States patent law, a legal document filed in the
729:
A form of inventor's recognition formerly available in the
4798:
EPO Board of Appeal decision T 1408/04 of 17 November 2006
3110:
2762:. Caveats were discontinued in 1909. A caveat was like a
1091:
documents electronically. Also referred to as "WIPO DAS".
3565:
based on rejection of claims is subject to review by the
4481:
European Patent Office Enlarged Board of Appeal opinion
2717:
Patent Application Locating and Monitoring System (PALM)
1695:
that does not comprise the features of any other claim.
4695:, August 30, 2011, Reasons for the decision, point 2.3.
4660:, August 30, 2011, Reasons for the decision, point 2.1.
4042:
Unity of invention under the European Patent Convention
3891:
3369:
2816:
A group of patents related by a common priority claim.
985:, either set by law or determined through some form of
2630:
demand to split a patent application into two or more
2075:
An examined and approved Japanese patent application.
4591:
3938:
Software patents under the European Patent Convention
3865:
3760:
software patents under the European Patent Convention
3376:
Provisional (patent) rights or provisional protection
2870:
A miniature model that shows how an invention works.
2534:
2057:
A published, unexamined Japanese patent application.
1921:
Patent Cooperation Treaty § Optional examination
5038:(March 2017). European Patent Office. March 31, 2017
4426:
EPO Board of Appeal decision T 0412/09 of 9 May 2012
3572:
4706:"International Exhaustion and Parallel Importation"
4552:"EUIPO joins the WIPO Digital Access Service (DAS)"
3806:
3776:
computer programs and the Patent Cooperation Treaty
3525:
African Regional Intellectual Property Organization
3308:
Inventive step under the European Patent Convention
2687:, and is granted for a limited period of time, the
2599:
Inventive step under the European Patent Convention
1915:
International preliminary examination report (IPER)
1801:
1341:an invention that is required to implement a given
1045:(Auction Method/Hitachi) and T 424/03 (Microsoft).
992:
3334:a party from certain later actions or assertions.
1428:Fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory licensing
1094:
5110:Pharmaceutical Sector Inquiry, Preliminary Report
3487:one country might still be valid in others). The
2824:Patenting every possible way of doing something.
2319:
1609:
5508:
5302: : "Selection inventions" (Inventive step).
4751:"Pre-emptive product patentability declarations"
4485:of May 12, 2010, Reasons 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7.
4404:EWHC 2413 (Pat) (October 15, 2008), items 36–37.
3489:unitary patent for Switzerland and Liechtenstein
3087:(PCT). Also called "international application".
1250:
353:is not a right to practice or use the invention
5415:"CHAPTER 8: SUPPLEMENTARY INTERNATIONAL SEARCH"
5362:Federal Register, page 75033-75034, 37 CFR 1.29
4016:unitary patent in Switzerland and Liechtenstein
3319:
1403:
1348:
1082:
916:
114:Patentability requirements and related concepts
5036:Official Journal of the European Patent Office
3813:United States Statutory Invention Registration
3712:
2592:
2381:An example of a theoretical Markush structure.
1882:
1192:comprising all the features of another claim.
1068:
347:legal terms relating to patents and patent law
5451:(DPMA), (German Patent and Trade Mark Office)
5163:"History of the Eurasian patent organization"
4918:"Telecom standards face patent ambush threat"
4910:
2244:
1369:International Preliminary Examining Authority
326:
4594:"States Revise Laws to Curb 'Patent Trolls'"
4494:Opinion G 3/08 (May 12, 2010), Reasons 10.6.
4416:EWHC 2413 (Pat) (October 15, 2008), item 40.
4264:Section 5(1) of the German Utility Model Act
4194:
4192:
3910:
3839:
3549:Continuing patent application § Reissue
3301:
3095:A procedural scheme launched in 2014 by the
3042:
1894:
1048:
748:
4827:Case Law of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO
4376:Case Law of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO
4179:International Enclopedia of Comparative Law
3429:Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing
3423:Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing
3347:
3192:
3179:In the United States, an abbreviation for "
3125:
1972:
1725:
1434:Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing
933:
623:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5287: : "Selection inventions" (Novelty),
3758:, depending on the jurisdiction. See also
3517:African Intellectual Property Organization
3353:
2705:A patent ambush occurs when a member of a
2251:
2237:
1868:
1719:
1441:
1395:Exhaustion of intellectual property rights
1264:
1165:
1060:
1054:
333:
319:
5469:United States Patent and Trademark Office
4940:
4766:
4505:"Change in Co-Pending Application Policy"
4203:. Harvard University Press. p. 380.
4189:
4160:List of people associated with patent law
3602:
3567:Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences
3366:United States Patent and Trademark Office
3245:, i.e. after having heard the defendant.
3241:, i.e. without hearing the defendant, or
3225:
2554:. A non-provisional application may also
2391:List of patent claim types § Markush
2021:
2014:
1925:An examination report prepared under the
1814:United States Patent and Trademark Office
1571:
1509:
1498:United States Patent and Trademark Office
1009:
643:Learn how and when to remove this message
5479:World Intellectual Property Organization
5475:PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) Glossary
5409:
5407:
4592:Ruth Simon; Angus Loten (May 21, 2014).
4267:
4244:. Oxford University Press. p. 274.
4239:
3691:
3436:
3212:
3034:
2891:
2777:
2731:. Reexamination is the examination of a
2652:
2498:
2376:
2146:Fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory
1887:At the European Patent Office (EPO), an
1825:
1758:). It takes a range of forms, including
1698:
1133:
1119:
1028:
924:freedom-to-operate searches and opinions
5503:at the Trilateral Co-operation web site
5317:, AIPPI. Consulted on March 29, 2009. "
5193:
5155:
4841: : "Intermediate generalisations".
4748:
3991:
3719:person having ordinary skill in the art
3312:Under the case law and practice of the
3181:person having ordinary skill in the art
3117:Person having ordinary skill in the art
3111:Person having ordinary skill in the art
2946:
2493:person having ordinary skill in the art
2292:to the inventor upon a patent's issue.
1957:
1713:
1621:
1388:
1235:
923:
792:
724:
14:
5509:
4950:. European Commission. August 23, 2007
4085:
3971:
3930:
3731:Large and small entities in patent law
3724:
3673:
3534:
3168:
2873:
2827:
2581:
2443:
2270:Large and small entities in patent law
1938:
1906:
1903:(PCT). Also called "PCT application".
1831:
1739:
1615:
1503:
1107:
773:. The concept stems from the decision
5404:
5289:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO
5274:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO
4811:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO
4360:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO
4345:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO
4198:
4029:
3664:
3633:
3587:
3083:A patent application filed under the
2399:
1944:
1899:A patent application filed under the
1598:
970:
908:
760:
741:
584:
5112:(DG Competition Staff Working Paper)
4997:Intellectual Property Legal Opinions
4749:Brazell, Lorna (September 1, 2017).
4469:Ending Abuse of Patent Continuations
4023:
4012:unitary patent in the European Union
3898:Supplementary protection certificate
3892:Supplementary protection certificate
3620:
3380:The rights conferred to a published
3337:
2634:) also qualify as "office actions".
2615:does not involve an inventive step.
2372:
1932:
1851:
1680:
1583:
1209:
825:
684:
665:
621:adding citations to reliable sources
588:
5331:35 U.S.C. 41 (h)(1), 37 C.F.R. 1.27
5196:"Regional patent systems in Africa"
5126:"Regional Patent Systems in Africa"
5124:James, Peter (November 3–6, 1999).
4116:
3825:
3794:
3685:
3528:
3492:
3280:
3268:
3205:Patent infringement § "Piracy"
2932:
2415:
1654:
1326:
1282:
997:Under United States law, a type of
518:
24:
5123:
3866:Supplementary international search
3743:
3465:
3413:
3370:Non-provisional patent application
3274:
3153:Phrase sometimes used to refer to
3078:
2952:
2819:
2535:Non-provisional patent application
2487:Inventive step and non-obviousness
2480:
2357:
2343:
1993:Inventive step and non-obviousness
1858:
1632:
1578:Patent application#Security issues
1557:
1536:
1177:
786:
137:Inventive step and non-obviousness
25:
5538:
5436:
4091:
4081:
4005:
3943:
3886:International Searching Authority
3579:Request for continued examination
3573:Request for continued examination
3542:
3498:
3286:
3220:American Inventors Protection Act
3071:Reverse payment patent settlement
2983:A person or company who enforces
2958:
2887:
2791:
2610:), the problem that the notional
2575:
2456:
2448:See "Small entity status" below.
2277:
1986:
1862:
1839:
1543:First to file and first to invent
1522:First to file and first to invent
1365:International Searching Authority
1309:
1104:suit is believed to be imminent.
706:
5494:Glossary of patent related terms
4199:Ladas, Stephen Pericles (1975).
4065:
3820:America Inventors Protection Act
3807:Statutory Invention Registration
3785:
3642:
3523:), and the Harare Protocol (see
3451:
3262:
3142:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
3064:
3020:
2841:
2805:
2739:
2694:
2618:
2406:Information Disclosure Statement
2404:In United States patent law, an
1808:Information disclosure statement
1802:Information disclosure statement
1515:
1296:
1195:
1151:
993:Continuation-in-part application
798:
593:
538:The reply of an applicant to an
5448:Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt
5388:
5375:
5366:
5355:
5334:
5325:
5305:
5267:
5246:
5225:
5214:
5187:
5117:
5101:
5089:(1). Geneva: WIPO. January 2023
5071:
5050:
5024:
5010:
4989:
4971:
4962:
4924:. June 15, 2005. Archived from
4901:
4883:
4858:
4844:
4803:
4791:
4742:
4724:
4698:
4686:
4672:
4663:
4651:
4637:
4622:
4608:
4585:
4573:http://ssrn.com/abstract=261400
4565:
4544:
4523:
4497:
4488:
4475:
4457:
4440:
4419:
4407:
4393:
4358: : "Enabling disclosure";
3768:under United Kingdom patent law
3148:
3006:
2972:
2859:
2263:
1819:
1610:clearance searches and opinions
1463:
1374:
1095:Declaration of non-infringement
513:
367:
5254:"Ex Parte NAGY et al - Page 1"
4338:
4316:
4294:
4258:
4233:
4220:
4171:
3772:under United States patent law
3569:(BPAI). cf Objections, supra.
3386:U.S. patent law, 35 USC 154(d)
2918:
2637:
2632:divisional patent applications
2326:Machine-or-transformation test
2320:Machine-or-transformation test
1476:
894:
569:
555:
533:
13:
1:
4800:, reasons 1, third paragraph.
4755:Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst
4531:"WIPO Digital Access Service"
4226:EPO Board of Appeal decision
4181:. BRILL. 1976. p. U-42.
4165:
3756:non-patentable subject-matter
3697:
3090:
2707:standard-setting organization
1666:
1317:
1257:Divisional patent application
1251:Divisional patent application
1217:
1016:Continuing patent application
1004:continuing patent application
860:
508:
5522:Patent law legal terminology
5168:Eurasian Patent Organization
4228:T 1727/12 of 1 February 2016
3862:to carry out the invention.
3556:
3515:, the Bangui Agreement (see
3326:Prosecution history estoppel
3320:Prosecution history estoppel
3248:
3140:procedure that requests the
2904:Museum of Military Aviation.
2495:", in order to be patented.
2173:Defensive patent aggregation
2032:
1410:Examination support document
1404:Examination support document
1349:European Patent Office (EPO)
1114:defensive patent aggregation
1083:DAS (Digital Access Service)
917:Clearance search and opinion
841:
834:buying a patent, offering a
755:German patent law#Litigation
546:
366:
186:By region / country
7:
5130:Open Forum Monte Carlo 1999
4895:September 27, 2007, at the
4148:
4134:
3957:
3713:Skilled person (in the art)
3056:
2760:United States Patent Office
2685:intellectual property right
2593:Objective technical problem
2000:
1883:Intermediate generalisation
1069:Counterclaim for revocation
771:insufficiency of disclosure
10:
5543:
5396:Rule 73(1)(first sentence)
4890:McKesson v. Bridge Medical
4830:(9th edition, July 2019),
4379:(9th edition, July 2019),
4138:
4069:
4051:
4047:
4033:
3995:
3975:
3961:
3947:
3914:
3895:
3869:
3843:
3829:
3810:
3747:
3728:
3701:
3653:A report established by a
3646:
3615:European Patent Convention
3606:
3591:
3576:
3546:
3513:Eurasian Patent Convention
3509:European Patent Convention
3455:
3440:
3426:
3390:European Patent Convention
3357:
3323:
3305:
3290:
3252:
3229:
3202:
3174:
3129:
3114:
3068:
3046:
3024:
3010:
2976:
2962:
2936:
2922:
2907:
2877:
2863:
2845:
2831:
2809:
2795:
2781:
2770:and drawings, but without
2743:
2720:
2698:
2675:
2656:
2649:grace period like the US.
2641:
2622:
2596:
2565:
2561:
2484:
2432:
2384:
2361:
2347:
2323:
2299:
2295:
2281:
2267:
2206:Clauses in patent licenses
2064:
2050:
2036:
2004:
1990:
1976:
1961:
1918:
1872:
1805:
1743:
1729:
1702:
1684:
1636:
1587:
1561:
1540:
1519:
1445:
1431:
1407:
1392:
1378:
1361:European Patent Convention
1352:
1330:
1286:
1268:
1254:
1239:
1221:
1199:
1181:
1155:
1137:
1123:
1013:
974:
898:
880:
710:
688:
669:
654:
573:
559:
243:By specific subject matter
4596:. The Wall Street Journal
4240:Bucknell, Duncan (2011).
4060:perpetual motion machines
3917:Swear back of a reference
3911:Swear back of a reference
3882:Patent Cooperation Treaty
3860:person skilled in the art
3854:must be described in the
3846:Sufficiency of disclosure
3840:Sufficiency of disclosure
3505:Patent Cooperation Treaty
3302:Problem-solution approach
3198:
3085:Patent Cooperation Treaty
3049:Patentable subject matter
3043:Patentable subject matter
2991:in an attempt to collect
2766:with a description of an
2671:
2463:Patent Cooperation Treaty
2428:
2060:
1927:Patent Cooperation Treaty
1901:Patent Cooperation Treaty
1895:International application
1471:Image File Wrappers (IFW)
1172:Patent Cooperation Treaty
1049:Contributory infringement
948:skilled person in the art
848:Patent Cooperation Treaty
194:Patent Cooperation Treaty
173:Sufficiency of disclosure
152:Person skilled in the art
122:Patentable subject matter
5465:Glossary of patent terms
3138:United States patent law
3132:Petition to make special
3126:Petition to make special
2896:The plate of the Martin
2854:United States patent law
2752:United States patent law
2350:Maintenance fee (patent)
2136:Defensive Patent License
2046:
1979:Invention promotion firm
1973:Invention promotion firm
1792:geographical indications
1732:Industrial applicability
1726:Industrial applicability
1087:A system for exchanging
934:Common general knowledge
876:
697:United States patent law
562:Maintenance fee (patent)
165:Other legal requirements
142:Industrial applicability
4736:March 26, 2010, at the
4430:T 1727/14 of 13.12.2018
4155:List of patent case law
4080:requirements. See also
3360:Provisional application
3354:Provisional application
2997:patent assertion entity
2987:rights against accused
2548:provisional application
2214:Field-of-use limitation
1875:Interference proceeding
1869:Interference proceeding
1794:and protection against
1448:Field-of-use limitation
1442:Field-of-use limitation
1271:Doctrine of equivalents
1265:Doctrine of equivalents
1166:Demand under Chapter II
1061:Co-pending applications
5499:March 7, 2014, at the
5459:European Patent Office
4708:. WIPO. Archived from
3780:software patent debate
3603:Restitutio in integrum
3348:preliminary injunction
3314:European Patent Office
3232:Preliminary injunction
3226:Preliminary injunction
3193:Preliminary injunction
3097:European Patent Office
2905:
2382:
2015:Inventor's certificate
1750:One of two subsets of
1572:Foreign filing license
1355:European Patent Office
1010:Continuing application
999:continuing application
832:patent holding company
749:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
5107:European Commission,
4928:on September 30, 2007
4768:10.4155/ppa-2017-0023
4466:, Kimberly A. Moore,
3764:under TRIPs Agreement
3740:of higher education.
3443:Reduction to practice
3437:Reduction to practice
3213:Pre-grant Publication
3186:
3035:Patentability opinion
3001:non practicing entity
2895:
2784:Patent classification
2778:Patent classification
2659:Opposition proceeding
2653:Opposition proceeding
2499:Non-patent literature
2380:
2141:Defensive termination
1752:intellectual property
1720:indirect infringement
1699:Indirect infringement
1481:The filing date of a
1140:Defensive termination
1134:Defensive termination
1126:Defensive publication
1120:Defensive publication
1055:indirect infringement
1036:Article 52(2) and (3)
1029:Contribution approach
4129:
4111:
3998:Unified Patent Court
3992:Unified Patent Court
3986:
3925:
3628:
3527:or ARIPO). See also
3408:
2947:Patent specification
2666:
2587:
2469:is used instead—see
2451:
2314:
2126:Compulsory licensing
2078:
2027:
2022:author’s certificate
1964:Invention disclosure
1958:Invention disclosure
1714:Induced infringement
1675:
1627:
1510:Exhaustion of rights
1422:
1389:Exhaustion of rights
1304:
1242:Divided infringement
1236:Divided infringement
1077:
820:
783:on 31 October 1996.
736:
725:Author’s certificate
617:improve this section
528:
5221:MPEP § 1401 Reissue
5202:on January 23, 2012
5140:on January 23, 2012
4581:10.2139/ssrn.261400
4124:Patent infringement
3978:Transitional phrase
3972:Transitional phrase
3931:Technical character
3725:Small entity status
3692:selection invention
3674:Selection invention
3535:Registration patent
2880:Patent monetization
2874:Patent monetization
2834:Patent infringement
2828:Patent infringement
2444:Micro entity status
2423:Inequitable conduct
2410:Inequitable conduct
2183:Patent monetization
2067:Kokoku (patent law)
1952:Patent infringement
1907:International phase
1832:Infringement action
1826:Patent infringement
1784:integrated circuits
1746:Industrial property
1740:Industrial property
1705:Patent infringement
1616:Further medical use
1606:patent infringement
1504:First sale doctrine
1277:patent infringement
1224:Disclaimer (patent)
1108:Defensive patenting
928:Patent infringement
750:Bundespatentgericht
73:Procedural concepts
4968:Patent Act of 1836
4712:on August 12, 2012
4036:Unity of invention
4030:Unity of invention
3665:Second medical use
3634:Sandor Obviousness
3594:Research exemption
3588:Research exemption
3382:patent application
2906:
2764:patent application
2689:term of the patent
2544:patent application
2400:McKesson Reference
2383:
1945:Invalidity opinion
1796:unfair competition
1790:and designations,
1768:industrial designs
1622:Second medical use
1599:Freedom-to-operate
1483:patent application
977:Compulsory license
971:Compulsory license
909:Claim construction
830:The practice of a
793:research exemption
761:Biogen sufficiency
742:Bifurcation system
701:equitable estoppel
657:patent application
585:Application abroad
576:patent application
345:This is a list of
178:Unity of invention
5517:Glossaries of law
5005:978-0-7355-6194-6
4106:Patent#Definition
4086:innovation patent
3964:Transfer (patent)
3621:Revocation action
3338:Protective letter
3169:innovation patent
2582:Revocation action
2517:scientific papers
2387:Markush structure
2373:Markush structure
2261:
2260:
2168:Catch and release
2007:Inventor (patent)
1939:Revocation action
1933:Invalidity action
1852:Innovation patent
1846:German patent law
1754:(the other being
1687:Independent claim
1681:Independent claim
1590:Formstein defence
1584:Formstein defence
1452:A provision in a
1343:industry standard
1210:Designated office
1023:submarine patents
826:Catch and release
719:German patent law
691:Assignor estoppel
685:Assignor estoppel
672:Arrow declaration
666:Arrow declaration
653:
652:
645:
343:
342:
16:(Redirected from
5534:
5527:Patent law lists
5431:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5411:
5402:
5394:See for example
5392:
5386:
5381:See for example
5379:
5373:
5370:
5364:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5338:
5332:
5329:
5323:
5309:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5284:
5280:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5229:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5198:. Archived from
5191:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5175:on July 17, 2012
5171:. Archived from
5159:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5145:
5136:. Archived from
5121:
5115:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5028:
5022:
5018:Something rotten
5014:
5008:
4993:
4987:
4975:
4969:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4914:
4908:
4905:
4899:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4870:
4862:
4856:
4848:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4821:
4817:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4770:
4746:
4740:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4676:
4670:
4667:
4661:
4655:
4649:
4641:
4635:
4628:See for example
4626:
4620:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4589:
4583:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4511:. March 17, 2006
4501:
4495:
4492:
4486:
4479:
4473:
4461:
4455:
4444:
4438:
4432:, reasons 1.1:
4423:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4397:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4370:
4366:
4355:
4351:
4342:
4336:
4323:Article 31(4)(a)
4320:
4314:
4301:Article 4(1)(ii)
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4237:
4231:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4196:
4187:
4186:
4175:
4117:Validity opinion
4054:Utility (patent)
3878:prior art search
3832:Submarine patent
3826:Submarine patent
3795:State of the art
3686:Selection patent
2939:Patent portfolio
2933:Patent portfolio
2568:Novelty (patent)
2511:—or cited by an
2416:Marlow Reference
2253:
2246:
2239:
2220:Higher category:
2083:
2082:
1788:commercial names
1655:Gillette defense
1333:Essential patent
1327:Essential patent
1289:Double patenting
1283:Double patenting
779:, issued by the
776:Biogen v. Medeva
752:
648:
641:
637:
634:
628:
597:
589:
369:
335:
328:
321:
29:
28:
21:
5542:
5541:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5507:
5506:
5501:Wayback Machine
5439:
5434:
5424:
5422:
5413:
5412:
5405:
5393:
5389:
5380:
5376:
5371:
5367:
5360:
5356:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5330:
5326:
5310:
5306:
5297:
5293:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5268:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5219:
5215:
5205:
5203:
5192:
5188:
5178:
5176:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5143:
5141:
5132:. Monte Carlo:
5122:
5118:
5106:
5102:
5092:
5090:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5041:
5039:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5015:
5011:
4994:
4990:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4963:
4953:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4931:
4929:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4906:
4902:
4897:Wayback Machine
4888:
4884:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4849:
4845:
4836:
4832:
4819:
4815:
4808:
4804:
4796:
4792:
4747:
4743:
4738:Wayback Machine
4729:
4725:
4715:
4713:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4656:
4652:
4644:Article 2(xiii)
4642:
4638:
4627:
4623:
4613:
4609:
4599:
4597:
4590:
4586:
4570:
4566:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4545:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4514:
4512:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4493:
4489:
4480:
4476:
4462:
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4445:
4441:
4424:
4420:
4412:
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4398:
4394:
4385:
4381:
4368:
4364:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4339:
4321:
4317:
4308:Article 2(xiii)
4299:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4263:
4259:
4252:
4238:
4234:
4225:
4221:
4211:
4197:
4190:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4151:
4143:
4137:
4132:
4119:
4114:
4094:
4074:
4068:
4056:
4050:
4038:
4032:
4024:regional patent
4008:
4000:
3994:
3989:
3980:
3974:
3966:
3960:
3952:
3946:
3933:
3928:
3919:
3913:
3900:
3894:
3874:
3868:
3848:
3842:
3834:
3828:
3815:
3809:
3797:
3788:
3752:
3750:Software patent
3746:
3744:Software patent
3733:
3727:
3715:
3706:
3700:
3688:
3676:
3667:
3651:
3645:
3636:
3631:
3623:
3611:
3605:
3596:
3590:
3581:
3575:
3559:
3551:
3545:
3537:
3501:
3480:Eurasian patent
3476:European patent
3468:
3466:Regional patent
3460:
3454:
3445:
3439:
3431:
3425:
3416:
3414:Reading a claim
3411:
3378:
3362:
3356:
3340:
3328:
3322:
3310:
3304:
3295:
3289:
3277:
3275:Priority period
3265:
3257:
3251:
3234:
3228:
3215:
3207:
3201:
3189:
3177:
3160:Gebrauchsmuster
3151:
3134:
3128:
3119:
3113:
3101:PCT application
3093:
3081:
3079:PCT application
3073:
3067:
3059:
3051:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3023:
3015:
3009:
2981:
2975:
2967:
2961:
2949:
2941:
2935:
2927:
2921:
2912:
2890:
2882:
2876:
2868:
2862:
2850:
2844:
2836:
2830:
2822:
2820:Patent flooding
2814:
2808:
2800:
2794:
2786:
2780:
2758:filed with the
2748:
2742:
2725:
2719:
2703:
2697:
2680:
2674:
2669:
2661:
2655:
2646:
2640:
2627:
2621:
2601:
2595:
2590:
2578:
2570:
2564:
2537:
2501:
2489:
2483:
2481:Non-obviousness
2459:
2454:
2446:
2437:
2435:Method (patent)
2431:
2418:
2402:
2393:
2385:Main articles:
2375:
2366:
2364:Markman hearing
2360:
2358:Markman hearing
2352:
2346:
2344:Maintenance fee
2328:
2322:
2317:
2304:
2298:
2286:
2280:
2272:
2266:
2257:
2218:
2198:Patent trolling
2193:Stick licensing
2131:Cross-licensing
2081:
2073:
2065:Main articles:
2063:
2055:
2049:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2017:
2009:
2003:
1995:
1989:
1981:
1975:
1966:
1960:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1917:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1877:
1871:
1854:
1842:
1834:
1822:
1810:
1804:
1748:
1742:
1734:
1728:
1716:
1707:
1701:
1689:
1683:
1678:
1669:
1657:
1641:
1639:Gebrauchsmuster
1635:
1633:Gebrauchsmuster
1630:
1618:
1601:
1592:
1586:
1574:
1566:
1564:Flash of genius
1560:
1558:Flash of genius
1545:
1539:
1537:First to invent
1530:First to invent
1524:
1518:
1506:
1479:
1466:
1450:
1444:
1436:
1430:
1425:
1412:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1383:
1377:
1357:
1351:
1335:
1329:
1320:
1312:
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1184:Dependent claim
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292:Patent analysis
256:Business method
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18:Utility patents
15:
12:
11:
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5540:
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4761:(5): 197–200.
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4251:9780199289011
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4210:0-674-65775-6
4206:
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4127:
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4107:
4103:
4102:plant patents
4099:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4078:patentability
4073:
4072:Utility model
4066:Utility model
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3786:Specification
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3452:Reexamination
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2701:Patent ambush
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2644:On-sale bar
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2509:third party
2188:Patent pool
1477:Filing date
987:arbitration
901:Claim chart
895:Claim chart
889:noun phrase
678:declaration
570:Application
556:Annuity fee
534:Abandonment
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852:Article 31
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225:Japan
210:China
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5349:2015
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