455:
104:
129:
1324:
447:
436:
1399:
Coo, cow, and stoo are all
Scottish for cut back or crop (although, curiously, another meaning of "stoo" is to throb or ache), while "laich" means short or low to the ground. Given the repetition of "early," presumably this is advice to harvest nettles first thing in the morning and to cut them back
366:
sides of the stem. The leaf blades are elliptic, lanceolate, ovate or circular. The leaf blades usually have three to five, rarely up to seven veins. The leaf margin is usually serrate to more or less coarsely toothed. The often-lasting
1462:", the princess and her maid must subsist on raw nettles while fleeing their war-ravaged kingdom. While standing in for the false bride during the wedding procession, she speaks to a nettle plant (which later proves her identity):
1407:
The
English figure of speech "grasp the nettle", meaning to nerve oneself to tackle a difficult task, stems from a belief that nettles actually sting less if gripped tightly. This belief gave rise to a well-known poem by
705:
751:
666:
715:
697:
647:
730:
741:
677:
658:
351:, rarely shrubs. They can reach, depending on the type, location and nutrient status, a height of 10–300 centimetres (4–118 inches). The perennial species have underground
687:
1530:
Huang, Xianhan; Deng, Tao; Moore, Michael J.; Wang, Hengchang; Li, Zhimin; Lin, Nan; Yusupov, Ziyoviddin; Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.; Wang, Yuehua; Sun, Hang (August 2019).
1033:
552:
1118:
920:
509:
1055:
1001:
896:
1091:
1014:
885:
836:
799:
567:
1077:
1022:
988:
581:
499:
1066:
2242:
938:
541:
530:
1844:
1766:"Production and processing of organically grown ®ber nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and its potential use in the natural textile industry: A review"
1697:
763:
2281:
1404:). Alternatively, it may be recommending harvesting early in the year before the plants grow tall, as they become tough and stringy later.
1989:
222:
2317:
454:
1364:
appears in a story about nettles, in which he has to chop down a huge nettle patch in order to win the hand of the king's daughter.
2190:
2255:
2203:
355:. The green parts have stinging hairs. Their often quadrangular stems are unbranched or branched, erect, ascending or spreading.
2104:
1680:
2422:
2260:
1698:"Poisonous plants in New Zealand: A review of those that are most commonly enquired about to the National Poisons Centre"
2099:
1859:
1929:
1869:
1820:
1793:
1511:
411:
of
Germany and Russia, subsequently dispersing worldwide. Several species of the genus have undergone long distance
2371:
390:
discovered that a strong wind lasting 24 hours rendered the stinging hairs of nettles harmless for an entire week.
326:, but provide shelter for insects. The fiber has historically been used by humans, and cooking preparations exist.
2427:
2286:
2229:
2335:
722:
Domin, in many sources as U. dioica subsp. galeopsifolia (fen nettle or stingless nettle). Europe, Southwestern
2366:
1748:
1644:
1532:"Tropical Asian Origin, boreotropical migration and long-distance dispersal in Nettles (Urticeae, Urticaceae)"
2268:
2078:
2073:
2060:
1401:
2182:
2156:
1783:
2412:
2330:
2208:
1307:) is made using this plant. Nettles were used in traditional practices to make nettle tea, juice, and
2296:
417:
1352:
by subsisting on nothing but nettles; his hair and skin turned green and he lived to the age of 83.
2417:
128:
1765:
467:
A large number of species included within the genus in the older literature are now recognized as
2322:
2177:
1531:
1444:
2151:
2003:
910:
2247:
1731:
1139:
614:
2309:
1953:
1611:
654:, from southwestern and central Asia, sometimes has stinging hairs or is sometimes hairless.
2112:
1543:
974:
575:
8:
1409:
1296:
1104:
460:
2143:
1547:
1498:
Otto
Wilhelm Thomé Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885, Gera, Germany
2379:
2164:
1838:
1567:
1203:
967:
662:(European stinging nettle), from Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, has stinging hairs.
481:
are still recognized as subspecies. Genetic evidence indicates that the two species of
468:
259:
123:
2169:
1983:
2304:
2086:
1925:
1865:
1826:
1816:
1789:
1744:
1709:
1676:
1640:
1585:
1571:
1559:
1044:
412:
1883:
2384:
2041:
1551:
1213:
592:
2091:
2065:
2052:
1451:," the princess had to weave coats of nettles to break the spell on her brothers.
2407:
1919:
1657:
1233:
956:
904:
825:
440:
286:
166:
111:
2358:
2273:
1555:
1248:
Fabric woven of nettle fiber was found in burial sites in
Denmark dating to the
1455:
1448:
1373:
387:
363:
153:
103:
2401:
2026:
1329:
1323:
874:
866:
628:
622:
473:
303:
239:
61:
1830:
2348:
1713:
1563:
1312:
1128:
788:
774:
483:
423:
338:
2216:
2035:
1810:
1696:
Slaughter, R. J; Beasley, DM; Lambie, BS; Wilkins, GT; Schep, LJ (2012).
1459:
1280:
1257:
1226:
1208:
1198:
1194:
995:
932:
782:
36:
2195:
1349:
1268:
processing). Other processing methods include mechanical and chemical.
1249:
1237:
811:
345:
290:
212:
81:
46:
2221:
2138:
2125:
1812:
Urtica : therapeutic and nutritional aspects of stinging nettles
1253:
1183:
1175:
878:
379:
372:
342:
323:
86:
1997:
446:
2343:
2020:
1341:
1284:
855:
847:
843:
560:
179:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
2130:
1292:
2234:
1345:
1288:
1261:
1008:
982:
950:
807:
604:
408:
404:
352:
202:
91:
66:
1348:
and saint, was reputed to have survived his decades of solitary
1361:
1186:
1112:
1098:
1084:
978:
851:
819:
723:
636:
383:
359:
192:
2117:
1304:
588:
South Island, New
Zealand and surrounding subantarctic islands
435:
1982:
1695:
1265:
1179:
1159:
946:
859:
815:
524:
520:
516:
368:
348:
312:
282:
140:
1906:
1300:
1190:
640:
608:
600:
478:
832:(slender nettle), North America and parts of South America
1308:
1954:"Meaning and origin of the phrase 'to grasp the nettle'"
1592:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanic Garden
1392:
Coo it by the auld wa's, coo it where the sun ne'er fa's
1993:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 421–422.
1380:
Gin ye be for lang kail coo the nettle, stoo the nettle
1386:
Coo it laich, coo it sune, coo it in the month o' June
1135:(small nettle or annual nettle), Europe, North America
293:. Many species have stinging hairs and may be called
403:
The last common ancestor of the genus originated in
1389:
Stoo it ere it's in the bloom, coo the nettle early
1529:
1400:hard (which seems to contradict the advice of the
1201:(butterflies and moths), such as the tortrix moth
1730:Randall, Colin (2004). Kavalali, Gulsel M (ed.).
2399:
1395:Stoo it when the day daws, coo the nettle early.
673:, from eastern Asia (China), has stinging hairs.
1729:
1911:
1857:
1264:(microbial enzymatic degradation, similar to
494:, and their primary natural ranges, include:
1383:Gin ye be for lang kail coo the nettle early
945:Himalaya, southwestern China, northeastern
1843:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1725:
1723:
1225:Besides the stinging hairs in general, in
1178:, but provide shelter for insects such as
450:Detail of female flowering stinging nettle
301:(the latter name applying particularly to
102:
1907:Dictionary of the Scots Language (online)
1763:
1655:
1322:
453:
445:
434:
1951:
1808:
1720:
1514:Orties inoffensives Ă Collioure en 1874
1512:Vieux papiers des Pyrénées-Orientales,
2400:
1781:
1616:New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
1311:, and to preserve cheeses, such as in
375:are extended to more or less rounded.
2002:
2001:
1917:
1764:Vogl, C.R.; Hart, A. (3 March 2003).
1737:(pages 12-14). In: Urtica: The genus
1675:. Auburn, WA: Lone Pine. p. 39.
1670:
1536:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
371:are free or fused to each other. The
2372:e0c02d79-44b0-4b2e-8f42-cc5e15099146
2297:81b4d9ae-8989-4ba0-88cf-c601c4db36a0
1525:
1523:
407:, with fossils being known from the
1952:Tréguer, Pascal (28 January 2019).
1924:(2004 ed.). HarperCollins UK.
1430:'Tis the same, with common natures,
1260:, and paper via the process called
13:
2336:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30002031-2
1743:. CRC Press, Inc. pp. 12–14.
1578:
737:northeastern Europe, northern Asia
635:(stinging nettle or bull nettle),
458:The dotted bumps on the leaves of
14:
2439:
1975:
1520:
1419:And it stings you for your pains.
706:Urtica dioica subsp. kurdistanica
621:(heartleaf nettle), southeastern
1782:Shafia, Louisa (16 April 2013).
1436:But, be rough as Nutmeg-graters,
127:
34:
1945:
1900:
1888:
1877:
1851:
1802:
1775:
1757:
1416:Tender-handed, stroke a nettle,
1360:The Caribbean trickster figure
1051:(Roman nettle), southern Europe
927:(creeping or swamp nettle), or
752:Urtica dioica subsp. subinermis
667:Urtica dioica subsp. gansuensis
362:and stalks are arranged across
1733:Historical and modern uses of
1689:
1664:
1649:
1629:
1604:
1501:
1492:
1422:Grasp it like a man of mettle,
1318:
931:, an at risk endemic climber,
716:Urtica dioica subsp. pubescens
698:Urtica dioica var. holosericea
648:Urtica dioica subsp. afghanica
329:
1:
1858:Quintman A, Lopez DS (2003),
1673:Bugs of Washington and Oregon
1639:. Cambridge University Press.
1485:
1439:And the rogues obey you well.
731:Urtica dioica subsp. sondenii
1895:Old Wives Lore for Gardeners
1425:And it soft as silk remains.
1355:
1193:. They are also consumed by
1174:species are rarely eaten by
1149:
1073:(tall nettle), North America
742:Urtica dioica var. sarmatica
735:(Simmons) Avrorin ex Geltman
398:
7:
2423:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1702:New Zealand Medical Journal
1556:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.05.007
1433:Use ’em kindly, they rebel:
1402:Royal Horticultural Society
1367:
1271:
1220:
1217:, a red admiral butterfly.
1170:Due to the stinging hairs,
781:(ongaonga or tree nettle),
692:(Lam. ex DC.) Tausch ex Ott
682:(Clem.) Asch. & Graebn.
678:Urtica dioica var. glabrata
659:Urtica dioica subsp. dioica
439:Detail of a male flowering
393:
318:Due to the stinging hairs,
10:
2444:
1481:When I ate thee unroasted.
1472:What dost thou here alone?
1252:, and in clothing fabric,
1165:
1062:Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Japan
1018:Himalaya (lower altitudes)
767:– illegitimate synonym of
688:Urtica dioica var. hispida
430:
2010:
1478:When I ate thee unboiled,
548:South Island, New Zealand
427:(native to New Zealand).
418:Hesperocnide sandwicensis
265:
258:
251:
246:
124:Scientific classification
122:
110:
101:
23:
16:Genus of flowering plants
1864:, Penguin, p. 139,
1376:rhyme about the nettle:
1336:
1034:Urtica pseudomagellanica
487:are part of this genus.
1990:Encyclopædia Britannica
1918:Mabey, Richard (2004).
1809:Randall, Colin (2003).
1785:The New Persian Kitchen
1445:Hans Christian Andersen
1295:, and other dishes. In
1243:
421:(native to Hawaii) and
2428:Taxa described in 1753
1658:"Nettles and Wildlife"
1333:
1327:The stinging hairs of
911:Urtica lalibertadensis
464:
451:
443:
1475:I have known the time
1326:
1236:, most commonly upon
1140:Urtica urentivelutina
726:east to Central Asia.
615:Urtica chamaedryoides
490:Species in the genus
457:
449:
438:
1861:The Life of Milarepa
1671:Acorn, John (2001).
1469:Little nettle-plant,
1279:is an ingredient in
975:Mediterranean region
576:Mediterranean region
563:, southwestern China
553:Urtica atrichocaulis
322:are rarely eaten by
307:). The generic name
1884:Caribbean folktales
1788:. Ten Speed Press.
1637:The Names of Plants
1612:"Urtica perconfusa"
1548:2019MolPE.137..190H
1510:Fabricio Cardenas,
1232:is classified as a
1119:Urtica triangularis
1109:Siebold & Zucc.
1105:Urtica thunbergiana
921:Urtica linearifolia
806:(mountain nettle),
756:(R.Uechtr.) Weigend
510:Urtica angustifolia
461:Urtica thunbergiana
386:), French botanist
1635:Gledhill D. 1985.
1334:
1204:Syricoris lacunana
1056:Urtica platyphylla
1002:Urtica minutifolia
968:Urtica membranacea
925:(Hook.f.) Cockayne
897:Urtica laetivirens
465:
452:
444:
378:In 1874, while in
2413:Urticaceae genera
2395:
2394:
2305:Open Tree of Life
2004:Taxon identifiers
1682:978-1-55105-233-5
1586:"The Plant List:
1466:Oh, nettle-plant,
1158:derives from the
1154:The generic name
1145:
1134:
1124:
1110:
1097:
1092:Urtica taiwaniana
1083:
1072:
1061:
1050:
1045:Urtica pilulifera
1039:
1028:
1015:Urtica parviflora
1007:
994:
973:
962:
944:
929:Urtica perconfusa
926:
916:
902:
891:
886:Urtica kioviensis
872:
842:
841:Jacquem. ex Wedd.
837:Urtica hyperborea
831:
805:
800:Urtica gracilenta
794:
780:
757:
747:
736:
721:
711:
693:
683:
672:
653:
634:
620:
598:
587:
573:
568:Urtica atrovirens
558:
547:
536:
515:
514:Fisch. ex Hornem.
505:
413:oceanic dispersal
311:derives from the
274:
273:
242:
2435:
2388:
2387:
2375:
2374:
2362:
2361:
2352:
2351:
2339:
2338:
2326:
2325:
2313:
2312:
2300:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2277:
2276:
2274:NHMSYS0000464735
2264:
2263:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2237:
2225:
2224:
2212:
2211:
2199:
2198:
2186:
2185:
2173:
2172:
2160:
2159:
2147:
2146:
2134:
2133:
2121:
2120:
2108:
2107:
2095:
2094:
2082:
2081:
2069:
2068:
2056:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2031:
2030:
2029:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1915:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1834:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1708:(1367): 87–118.
1693:
1687:
1686:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1653:
1647:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1214:Vanessa atalanta
1143:
1132:
1122:
1108:
1095:
1081:
1078:Urtica rupestris
1070:
1059:
1048:
1037:
1026:
1023:Urtica peruviana
1005:
992:
989:Urtica morifolia
972:Poir. ex Savigny
971:
960:
942:
924:
914:
900:
889:
870:
862:, high altitudes
840:
829:
803:
792:
778:
755:
745:
734:
719:
709:
691:
681:
670:
651:
643:, North America
632:
618:
596:
593:Urtica cannabina
585:
582:Urtica australis
571:
556:
545:
534:
513:
503:
477:. Some of these
337:species grow as
299:stinging nettles
287:flowering plants
238:
132:
131:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2418:Leaf vegetables
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2365:
2357:
2355:
2347:
2342:
2334:
2329:
2321:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2295:
2293:
2285:
2280:
2272:
2267:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2241:
2233:
2228:
2220:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2194:
2189:
2181:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2155:
2150:
2142:
2137:
2129:
2124:
2116:
2111:
2103:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2077:
2072:
2064:
2059:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2006:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1836:
1835:
1823:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1728:
1721:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1669:
1665:
1654:
1650:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1528:
1521:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1458:'s fairy-tale "
1447:'s fairy-tale "
1370:
1358:
1339:
1321:
1274:
1246:
1234:poisonous plant
1223:
1168:
1152:
957:Urtica massaica
905:Northeast China
826:Urtica gracilis
572:Req. ex Loisel.
500:Urtica andicola
441:stinging nettle
433:
401:
396:
332:
237:
126:
112:Stinging nettle
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2441:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2385:wfo-4000039887
2376:
2363:
2353:
2340:
2327:
2314:
2301:
2291:
2278:
2265:
2252:
2239:
2226:
2213:
2200:
2187:
2174:
2161:
2148:
2135:
2122:
2109:
2096:
2083:
2070:
2057:
2047:
2032:
2016:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1996:
1995:
1984:"Nettle"
1977:
1976:External links
1974:
1971:
1970:
1958:word histories
1944:
1930:
1910:
1899:
1887:
1876:
1870:
1850:
1821:
1801:
1794:
1774:
1756:
1749:
1719:
1688:
1681:
1663:
1656:Chris Baines.
1648:
1628:
1603:
1577:
1519:
1500:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1456:Brothers Grimm
1449:The Wild Swans
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1369:
1366:
1357:
1354:
1344:, the Tibetan
1338:
1335:
1320:
1317:
1273:
1270:
1245:
1242:
1222:
1219:
1167:
1164:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1125:
1115:
1101:
1088:
1074:
1067:Urtica procera
1063:
1052:
1041:
1030:
1019:
1011:
998:
985:
964:
953:
935:
917:
907:
893:
892:eastern Europe
882:
863:
833:
822:
796:
785:
771:
769:U. membranacea
760:
759:
758:
748:
738:
727:
712:
702:
694:
684:
674:
663:
655:
625:
611:
589:
578:
564:
549:
538:
527:
506:
432:
429:
400:
397:
395:
392:
388:Charles Naudin
331:
328:
289:in the family
272:
271:
263:
262:
256:
255:
249:
248:
244:
243:
230:
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55:
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35:
32:Miocene–Recent
28:
15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
2440:
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2240:
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2227:
2223:
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2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1933:
1931:0-00-718303-8
1927:
1923:
1922:
1921:Food for Free
1914:
1908:
1903:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1880:
1873:
1871:0-14-310622-8
1867:
1863:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1822:0-203-01792-7
1818:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1795:9781607743576
1791:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1767:
1760:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1659:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1517:, 7 May 2015.
1516:
1515:
1504:
1495:
1491:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1452:
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1446:
1438:
1435:
1432:
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1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
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1413:
1411:
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1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1332:
1331:
1330:Urtica dioica
1325:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1162:for 'sting'.
1161:
1157:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
991:
990:
986:
984:
980:
976:
970:
969:
965:
959:
958:
954:
952:
948:
941:
940:
939:Urtica mairei
936:
934:
930:
923:
922:
918:
913:
912:
908:
906:
899:
898:
894:
888:
887:
883:
881:, New Zealand
880:
876:
869:
868:
867:Urtica incisa
864:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
839:
838:
834:
828:
827:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
802:
801:
797:
791:
790:
786:
784:
777:
776:
772:
770:
766:
765:
761:
754:
753:
749:
744:
743:
739:
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732:
728:
725:
718:
717:
713:
708:
707:
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700:
699:
695:
690:
689:
685:
680:
679:
675:
669:
668:
664:
661:
660:
656:
650:
649:
645:
644:
642:
638:
631:
630:
629:Urtica dioica
626:
624:
623:North America
617:
616:
612:
610:
606:
602:
595:
594:
590:
584:
583:
579:
577:
570:
569:
565:
562:
557:(Hand.-Mazz.)
555:
554:
550:
544:
543:
542:Urtica aspera
539:
533:
532:
531:Urtica ardens
528:
526:
522:
518:
512:
511:
507:
502:
501:
497:
496:
495:
493:
488:
486:
485:
480:
476:
475:
474:Urtica dioica
470:
463:
462:
456:
448:
442:
437:
428:
426:
425:
420:
419:
414:
410:
406:
391:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
347:
344:
340:
336:
327:
325:
321:
316:
315:for 'sting'.
314:
310:
306:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
270:
269:
264:
261:
257:
254:
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245:
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236:
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228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
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198:
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191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:Tracheophytes
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
130:
125:
121:
117:
116:Urtica dioica
113:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
2011:
1988:
1961:. Retrieved
1957:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1920:
1913:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1879:
1860:
1853:
1811:
1804:
1784:
1777:
1759:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1672:
1666:
1651:
1636:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1587:
1580:
1539:
1535:
1513:
1503:
1494:
1453:
1442:
1406:
1398:
1371:
1359:
1340:
1328:
1313:Cornish Yarg
1276:
1275:
1258:fishing nets
1247:
1238:skin contact
1229:
1224:
1212:
1207:and several
1202:
1197:of numerous
1195:caterpillars
1171:
1169:
1155:
1153:
1138:
1129:Urtica urens
1127:
1117:
1103:
1090:
1076:
1065:
1054:
1043:
1032:
1021:
1013:
1000:
987:
966:
955:
937:
928:
919:
909:
895:
884:
875:scrub nettle
865:
835:
824:
798:
789:Urtica fissa
787:
775:Urtica ferox
773:
768:
764:Urtica dubia
762:
750:
740:
729:
714:
704:
696:
686:
676:
665:
657:
646:
627:
613:
591:
580:
566:
551:
540:
529:
508:
498:
491:
489:
484:Hesperocnide
482:
472:
466:
459:
424:Urtica ferox
422:
416:
402:
377:
357:
334:
333:
319:
317:
308:
302:
298:
294:
277:
276:
275:
268:Hesperocnide
267:
266:
252:
233:
232:
186:
173:
160:
147:
115:
24:
18:
2217:iNaturalist
2036:Wikispecies
1897:, Boland M
1596:6 September
1542:: 190–199.
1508:(in French)
1460:Maid Maleen
1319:In folklore
1299:, northern
1227:New Zealand
1209:Nymphalidae
1199:Lepidoptera
1123:Hand.-Mazz.
996:Macaronesia
933:New Zealand
818:, northern
783:New Zealand
330:Description
167:Angiosperms
2402:Categories
1815:. London.
1750:0203017927
1645:0521366755
1486:References
1410:Aaron Hill
1350:meditation
1303:, a soup (
1297:Mazandaran
1250:Bronze Age
1176:herbivores
1071:MĂĽhlenberg
1027:D.Getltman
812:New Mexico
599:, Western
415:, such as
382:(south of
373:cystoliths
346:herbaceous
324:herbivores
291:Urticaceae
213:Urticaceae
2139:FloraBase
1839:cite book
1621:26 August
1572:158047492
1356:Caribbean
1285:omelettes
1254:sailcloth
1184:butterfly
1150:Etymology
1087:(endemic)
1038:D.Geltman
879:Australia
559:C.J.Chen
399:Phylogeny
380:Collioure
343:perennial
304:U. dioica
253:See text
137:Kingdom:
2367:VicFlora
2356:VASCAN:
2349:40022224
2344:Tropicos
2100:eFloraSA
2021:Wikidata
1963:22 April
1937:22 April
1831:56420294
1714:23321887
1564:31102687
1368:European
1342:Milarepa
1272:Culinary
1230:U. ferox
1221:Toxicity
1096:S.S.Ying
856:Mongolia
848:Pakistan
844:Himalaya
793:E.Pritz.
779:G.Forst.
671:C.J.Chen
574:western
561:Himalaya
469:synonyms
394:Taxonomy
364:opposite
353:rhizomes
260:Synonyms
247:Species
223:Urticeae
209:Family:
180:Eudicots
2248:1061971
2235:41033-1
2196:2984391
2027:Q121671
1544:Bibcode
1454:In the
1372:An old
1346:ascetic
1289:banitsa
1262:retting
1211:, e.g.
1166:Ecology
1144:Weigend
1111:Japan,
1040:Bolivia
1009:Bolivia
1006:Griseb.
983:Madeira
961:Mildbr.
951:Myanmar
915:Weigend
903:Japan,
814:, west
808:Arizona
605:Siberia
586:Hook.f.
431:Species
409:Miocene
405:Eurasia
339:annuals
295:nettles
229:Genus:
219:Tribe:
203:Rosales
199:Order:
141:Plantae
2408:Urtica
2318:PLANTS
2310:267703
2294:NZOR:
2183:134249
2170:Urtica
2157:134249
2105:Urtica
2079:121628
2066:106759
2053:195752
2050:APDB:
2042:Urtica
2012:Urtica
1928:
1868:
1829:
1819:
1792:
1747:
1739:Urtica
1735:Urtica
1712:
1679:
1643:
1588:Urtica
1570:
1562:
1362:Anansi
1277:Urtica
1189:, and
1187:larvae
1180:aphids
1172:Urtica
1156:Urtica
1113:Taiwan
1099:Taiwan
1085:Sicily
979:Azores
963:Africa
943:H.LĂ©v.
901:Maxim.
890:Rogow.
852:Bhutan
820:Mexico
804:Greene
746:Zapał.
724:Russia
720:Ledeb.
710:Chrtek
652:Chrtek
637:Europe
546:Petrie
492:Urtica
384:France
369:bracts
360:leaves
349:plants
335:Urtica
320:Urtica
309:Urtica
278:Urtica
234:Urtica
193:Rosids
25:Urtica
2323:URTIC
2261:19151
2243:IRMNG
2222:51886
2209:12597
2165:FoAO2
2144:21314
2131:1URTG
2118:38080
1769:(PDF)
1568:S2CID
1374:Scots
1337:Asian
1293:purée
1281:soups
1266:linen
1191:moths
1160:Latin
1082:Guss.
1060:Wedd.
993:Poir.
947:India
871:Poir.
860:Tibet
846:from
830:Aiton
816:Texas
795:China
619:Pursh
603:from
537:China
525:Korea
521:Japan
517:China
358:Most
313:Latin
283:genus
281:is a
187:Clade
174:Clade
161:Clade
148:Clade
2359:1802
2331:POWO
2287:3500
2282:NCBI
2256:ITIS
2230:IPNI
2204:GRIN
2191:GBIF
2126:EPPO
2092:85DG
2074:BOLD
2061:APNI
1965:2023
1939:2023
1926:ISBN
1866:ISBN
1845:link
1827:OCLC
1817:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1710:PMID
1677:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1623:2021
1598:2016
1560:PMID
1301:Iran
1244:Uses
1029:PerĂş
981:and
858:and
641:Asia
609:Iran
601:Asia
535:Link
504:Webb
479:taxa
37:Preęž’
2380:WFO
2269:NBN
2178:FoC
2152:FNA
2113:EoL
2087:CoL
1706:125
1552:doi
1540:137
1443:In
1309:ale
1305:Ä€sh
877:),
850:to
701:Fr.
607:to
471:of
341:or
297:or
285:of
2404::
2382::
2369::
2346::
2333::
2320::
2307::
2284::
2271::
2258::
2245::
2232::
2219::
2206::
2193::
2180::
2167::
2154::
2141::
2128::
2115::
2102::
2089::
2076::
2063::
2038::
2023::
1987:.
1956:.
1841:}}
1837:{{
1825:.
1722:^
1704:.
1700:.
1614:.
1566:.
1558:.
1550:.
1538:.
1534:.
1522:^
1412::
1315:.
1291:,
1287:,
1283:,
1256:,
1240:.
1182:,
1133:L.
1049:L.
977:,
949:,
854:,
810:,
639:,
633:L.
597:L.
523:,
519:,
240:L.
189::
176::
163::
150::
118:)
87:Pg
1967:.
1941:.
1847:)
1833:.
1798:.
1771:.
1753:.
1716:.
1685:.
1660:.
1625:.
1600:.
1590:"
1574:.
1554::
1546::
873:(
114:(
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:ęž’
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
