38:
264:
Although widely held the oldest of the Arabic metres, rajaz was not highly regarded in the pre- and early
Islamic periods, being seen as similar to (and at times indistinguishable from) the rhymed prose form
312:
287:
311:, both in traditional form and more innovative adaptations, gained a new popularity in Arabic poetry, with key exponents in the first half of the century including poets
726:, ed. by Jean-Louis Aroui, Andy Arleo, Language Faculty and Beyond: Internl and External Variation in Linguistics, 2 (Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2009), pp. 193-208 (p. 203).
279:
667:
Minor Raǧaz
Collections: (Khiṭām al-Muǧashiʻī, the two Dukayns, al-Qulākh ibn Ḥazn, Abū Muḥammad al-Faqʻasī, Manẓūr ibn Marthad, Himyān ibn Quḥāfa)
785:, ed. by Jan Willem Drijvers and Alasdair A. MacDonald, Brill's Studies in Intellectual History, 61 (Leiden: Brill, 1995), pp. 103-18 (p. 107).
271:. It tended to be used for low-status, everyday genres such as lullabies, or for improvisation, for example improvised incitements to battle.
669:, ed. by Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila, Studia Orientalia, 78/Materials for the study of Raǧaz poetry, 3 (Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Society, 1996),
656:, ed. by Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila, Studia Orientalia, 76/Materials for the study of Raǧaz poetry, 2 (Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Society, 1995),
283:
925:
654:
Five Raǧaz
Collections: (al-Aghlab al-ʻIǧlī, Bashīr ibn an-Nikth, Ǧandal ibn al-Muthannā, Ḥumayd al-Arqaṭ, Ghaylān ibn Ḥurayth)
580:
The rajaz metre is very similar to the sarī‘, of which the first two metra are the same as rajaz, but the third is shortened:
140:
Lines are most often of three feet (trimeter), but can also be of two feet (dimeter). Thus the possible forms are:
674:
661:
920:
66:, literally 'tremor, spasm, convulsion as may occur in the behind of a camel when it wants to rise') is a
17:
887:
839:, trans. by Salma Khadra Jayyusi and Christopher Tingley, 2 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1977), II 607-10.
249:. The early Arab poets rhymed every line on one sound throughout a poem. A popular alternative to
852:, ed. by Julie Scott Meisami, Paul Starkey, 2 vols (London: Routledge, 1998), II 645-46 (p. 646).
826:, ed. by Julie Scott Meisami, Paul Starkey, 2 vols (London: Routledge, 1998), II 645-46 (p. 646).
915:
910:
641:
The third metron is usually – ⏑ –, ⏑ ⏑ – being very rare, especially at the end of a couplet.
797:, ed. by Julie Scott Meisami, Paul Starkey, 2 vols (London: Routledge, 1998), s.v. 'Prosody (
681:
Untersuchungen zue Raǧazpoesie. Ein
Beitrag zur arabischen Sprach- und Literaturewissenschaft
320:
8:
327:ūdat al-Maṭar'). Since the 1950s free-verse compositions are often based on rajaz feet.
772:, trans. by Geert Jan van Gelder (New York: New York University Press, 2013), p. xxiii.
670:
657:
316:
275:
46:
864:, trans. by Geert Jan van Gelder (New York: New York University Press, 2013), p. 94.
813:, trans. by Geert Jan van Gelder (New York: New York University Press, 2013), p. 93.
738:, trans. by Geert Jan van Gelder (New York: New York University Press, 2013), p. 93.
644:
The two metres are considered by some scholars to be variations of the same metre.
78:. The metre accounts for about 3% of surviving ancient and classical Arabic verse.
783:
Centres of
Learning: Learning and Location in Pre-Modern Europe and the Near East
336:
134:
297:
67:
37:
357:– |, with the first two elements mostly long, and the fifth one always short:
104:' a syllable that can be long or short), as exemplified through the mnemonic (
904:
71:
31:
292:
245:
Uniquely among the classical Arabic metres, rajaz lines do not divide into
110:
724:
Towards a
Typology of Poetic Forms: From Language to Metrics and Beyond
691:
304:
123:
862:
Classical Arabic
Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology
811:
Classical Arabic
Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology
770:
Classical Arabic
Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology
736:
Classical Arabic
Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology
246:
50:
335:
A famous, early example is the following incitement to battle by
267:
686:
D. Frolov, 'The Place of Rajaz in the History of Arabic Verse',
722:
Bruno Paoli, 'Generative Linguistics and Arabic Metrics', in
137:) may be ⏑ – ⏑ –, – – ⏑ –, or – ⏑ ⏑ –; only rarely ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ –.
303:
In the twentieth century, in response to the aesthetics of
711:
The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature
781:Geert Jan van Gelder, 'Arabic Didactic Verse', in
274:Rajaz gained in popularity towards the end of the
902:
713:, ed. by Robert Irwin (London: Penguin, 1999).
638:Unlike the rajaz, sarī‘ is used in couplets.
41:A manuscript of an urjūza (versification) of
837:Trends and Movements in Modern Arabic Poetry
119:مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ
117:
96:– | (where '–' represents a long syllable, '
61:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
363:
888:"The Phonology of classical Arabic meter"
886:Golston, Chris & Riad, Tomas (1997).
339:(6th/7th century CE), showing the form |
741:
575:
300:was also particularly fond of the form.
86:This form has a basic foot pattern of |
36:
877:. Unpublished dissertation, MIT; p. 49.
290:(d. before 125/743) all composing long
257:couplet rhyme, giving the genre called
14:
903:
875:The theory of classical Arabic metrics
74:. A poem composed in this metre is an
692:https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183399
118:
112:Mustafʿilun Mustafʿilun Mustafʿilun
62:
24:
364:
25:
937:
850:Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature
824:Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature
795:Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature
30:For the 1999 album by Camel, see
926:Arabic and Central Asian poetics
758:A Grammar of the Arabic Language
634:– | – – | ( trimeter catalectic)
27:Metre in classical Arabic poetry
880:
867:
855:
842:
829:
816:
804:
788:
775:
763:
729:
716:
704:
647:
439:Our necks are hung with pearls
126:version with the final foot |
13:
1:
697:
448:Or if you flee we'll shun you
688:Journal of Arabic Literature
451:And we'll no longer love you
445:If you advance we'll hug you
296:-style pieces in the metre.
201:– – | ( trimeter catalectic)
7:
894:35 (1997), 111-132; p. 116.
376:وَالمِسْكُ فِي المَفَارِقِ،
370:نَمْشِي عَلَى النَّمَارِقِ،
122:). Rajaz lines also have a
111:
10:
942:
382:أوْ تُدْبِرُوا نُفَـارِقِ،
330:
241:– – | (dimeter catalectic)
29:
848:W. Stoetzer, 'Rajaz', in
822:W. Stoetzer, 'Rajaz', in
379:إنْ تُقْبِلُوا نُعَانِقِ،
100:' a short syllable, and '
756:Wright, William (1896),
433:We are those Ṭāriq girls
405:wad-durru fī l-makhāniqī
373:الدُرُّ فِي المَخَانِقِ،
442:And musk is on our hair
436:We walk on carpets fair
410:wal-misku fī l-mafāriqī
385:فِرَاقَ غَيْرَ وَامِقِ.
367:نَحْنُ بَنَاتُ طَارِقِ،
81:
835:Salma Khadra Jayyusi,
400:namshī ‘alā n-namāriqī
54:
45:("The Introduction of
873:Maling, Joan (1973).
690:, 28 (1997), 242-90,
576:Relationship to Sarī‘
321:Badr Shakir al-Sayyab
40:
425:firāqa ghayra wāmiqī
420:’aw tudbirū nufāriqī
415:’in tuqbilū nu‘āniqī
288:Abū al-Najm al-‘Ijlī
43:Muqaddimat Ibn Rushd
921:Arabic poetry forms
395:naḥnu banātu ṭāriqī
133:The form of each (
70:used in classical
55:
49:," grandfather of
760:, vol. 2, p. 362.
683:(Wiesbaden, 1966)
679:Manfred Ullmann,
573:
572:
317:Elias Abu Shabaki
286:(d. 145/762) and
47:Ibn Rushd al-Jadd
16:(Redirected from
933:
895:
884:
878:
871:
865:
859:
853:
846:
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833:
827:
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792:
786:
779:
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754:
739:
733:
727:
720:
714:
708:
360:
359:
313:‘Ali Maḥmūd Ṭāhā
282:(d. c. 91/710),
121:
120:
114:
65:
64:
53:the philosopher)
21:
941:
940:
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709:
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578:
389:
388:
337:Hind bint Utbah
333:
253:poetry was the
84:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
939:
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702:
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696:
695:
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684:
677:
664:
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612:
611:– | (trimeter)
577:
574:
571:
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504:
489:
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332:
329:
276:Umayyad period
243:
242:
225:
202:
175:
174:– | (trimeter)
83:
80:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
938:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
916:Poetic rhythm
914:
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911:Arabic poetry
909:
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281:
278:, with poets
277:
272:
270:
269:
262:
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236:
233:
230:
226:
224:– | (dimeter)
223:
220:
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79:
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73:
72:Arabic poetry
69:
59:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
32:Rajaz (album)
19:
891:
882:
874:
869:
861:
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849:
844:
836:
831:
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324:
323:(cf. his 'Un
308:
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75:
57:
56:
42:
892:Linguistics
648:Key studies
905:Categories
698:References
675:9519380280
662:9519380264
305:free verse
247:hemistichs
124:catalectic
298:Abū Nuwās
280:al-‘Ajjāj
259:muzdawija
51:Ibn Rushd
255:muzdawij
331:Example
130:– – |.
106:Tafā'īl
673:
660:
536:| – –
521:| – –
506:| – –
491:| – –
476:| – –
319:, and
293:qaṣīda
135:metron
76:urjūza
18:Urjūza
799:‘arūḍ
309:rajaz
284:Ru‘ba
251:rajaz
68:metre
63:رَجَز
58:Rajaz
671:ISBN
658:ISBN
624:– |
604:– |
594:– |
559:– |
540:– |
525:– |
510:– |
495:– |
480:– |
465:– |
458:| –
349:– |
268:saj'
237:– |
214:– |
197:– |
187:– |
164:– |
154:– |
82:Form
801:)'.
567:– |
548:– |
533:– |
518:– |
503:– |
488:– |
473:– |
907::
890:.
743:^
614:|
584:|
563:–
555:–
551:|
544:–
529:–
514:–
499:–
484:–
469:–
353:–
325:sh
315:,
307:,
261:.
227:|
204:|
177:|
144:|
108:)
632:⏑
629:⏓
626:⏓
622:⏑
619:⏓
616:⏓
609:⏑
606:⏓
602:⏑
599:⏓
596:⏓
592:⏑
589:⏓
586:⏓
565:⏑
561:⏑
557:⏑
553:⏑
546:⏑
542:⏑
538:⏑
531:⏑
527:⏑
523:⏑
516:⏑
512:⏑
508:⏑
501:⏑
497:⏑
493:⏑
486:⏑
482:⏑
478:⏑
471:⏑
467:⏑
463:⏑
460:⏑
355:⏑
351:⏑
347:⏑
344:⏓
341:⏓
239:⏓
235:⏑
232:⏓
229:⏓
222:⏑
219:⏓
216:⏓
212:⏑
209:⏓
206:⏓
199:⏓
195:⏑
192:⏓
189:⏓
185:⏑
182:⏓
179:⏓
172:⏑
169:⏓
166:⏓
162:⏑
159:⏓
156:⏓
152:⏑
149:⏓
146:⏓
128:⏓
116:(
102:⏓
98:⏑
94:⏑
91:⏓
88:⏓
60:(
34:.
20:)
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