378:
20:
278:"The upper middle class has grown...and its composition has changed. Increasingly salaried managers and professionals have replaced individual business owners and independent professionals. The key to the success of the upper middle class is the growing importance of educational certification...its lifestyles and opinions are becoming increasingly normative for the whole society. It is in fact a porous class, open to people...who earn the right credentials. "- Dennis Gilbert, The American Class Structure, 1998.
3181:
181:
components of financial success. Consequently, the majority of upper middle-class children assume they will attend college. For these children, college is not optional—it's essential. This thought can be seen even more so from parents with higher education, whose greater appreciation for autonomy leads them to want the same for their children. Most people encompassing this station in life have a high regard for higher education, particularly towards
262:
282:
In addition to having autonomy in their work, above-average incomes, and advanced educations, the upper middle class also tends to be influential, setting trends and largely shaping public opinion. Overall, members of this class are also secure from economic down-turns and, unlike their counterparts
241:
have been in large part, although not solely, products of the upper middle class. Some claim this is because this is the largest class (and the lowest class) with any true political power for positive change, while others claim some of the more restrictive social movements (such as with smoking and
185:
colleges and other top tier schools throughout the United States. They probably, more than any other socio-economic class, strive for themselves and their children to obtain graduate or at least four-year undergraduate degrees, further reflecting the importance placed on education by middle-class
273:
and its subdivisions are an extremely vague concept as neither economists nor sociologists have precisely defined the term. There are several perceptions of the upper middle class and what the term means. In academic models the term applies to highly educated salaried professionals whose work is
180:
Education is perhaps the most important part of middle-class childrearing as they prepare their children to be successful in school. Upper middle-class parents expect their children to attend college. Along with hard work, these parents view educational performance and attainment as necessary
193:
and foreign travel. This is in line with the emphasis placed on education, as foreign travel increases one's understanding of other cultures and helps create a global perspective. In 2005, 72% of full-time faculty members at four-year institutions, the majority of whom are upper middle class,
274:
largely self-directed. Many have graduate degrees with educational attainment serving as the main distinguishing feature of this class. Household incomes commonly exceed $ 100,000, with some smaller one-income earners household having incomes in the high 5-figure range.
87:
Certain professions can be categorized as "upper middle class," though any such measurement must be considered subjective because of people's differing perception of class. Most people in the upper-middle class strata are highly educated white collar
78:
and a high degree of autonomy in their work, leading to higher job satisfaction. The main occupational tasks of upper middle class individuals tend to center on conceptualizing, consulting, and instruction.
70:, occupation and the associated values as main indicators. In the United States, the upper middle class is defined as consisting of white-collar professionals who have above-average
47:, which refers to the group at the opposite end of the middle class scale. There is considerable debate as to how the upper middle class might be defined. According to
1527:
2257:
1619:
1607:
1639:
377:
1907:
401:, and entrusts its occupant with a high degree of influence will usually offer high economic compensation. There are also differences between
2985:
2860:
1480:
398:
390:
75:
67:
1865:
Dream
Hoarders: How the American Upper Middle Class Is Leaving Everyone Else in the Dust, Why That Is a Problem, and What to Do about It
3212:
2870:
3128:
397:
of certain skill sets. As a result, an occupation that requires a scarce skill, the attainment of which is often achieved through an
2026:
253:
59:
2977:
2957:
2288:
1934:
2952:
1485:
402:
368:
300:
292:
2962:
1495:
406:
372:
287:, do not need to fear downsizing, corporate cost-cutting, or outsourcing—an economic benefit largely attributable to their
71:
2995:
1520:
1620:
https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/packages/html/newsgraphics/2012/0115-one-percent-occupations/index.html%7C}}
3143:
3123:
3102:
381:
Median U.S. household income per County in 2021, showing the distribution of income geographically in the United States
19:
3107:
2990:
2833:
1872:
1608:
https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2014/10/16/356176018/the-most-popular-jobs-for-the-rich-middle-class-and-poor%7C}}
1500:
2855:
218:
1860:
1835:
416:, Willam Thompson and Joseph Hickey estimate the upper middle class to constitute roughly 15% of the population.
3207:
2845:
1810:
1465:
364:
3138:
2910:
2905:
2389:
214:
3133:
2967:
2932:
2883:
2607:
413:
3217:
3087:
3077:
2944:
2152:
386:
230:
63:
3067:
2406:
1927:
1646:
3092:
3032:
3037:
3027:
2384:
2196:
1781:
1665:
3184:
3082:
3017:
1712:
3042:
2671:
2413:
3097:
3072:
3062:
3052:
3047:
2900:
1968:
1920:
1470:
270:
210:
1755:
1672:
3158:
3153:
3057:
2927:
2878:
2272:
2238:
2223:
2059:
2006:
1475:
121:
8:
2542:
2347:
2322:
2302:
2206:
336:
238:
265:
Advanced education is one of the most distinguishing features of the upper middle class.
2699:
2681:
2676:
2664:
2498:
2317:
2297:
2267:
2049:
2021:
419:
89:
55:
consists of well-educated professionals with graduate degrees and comfortable incomes.
52:
44:
2704:
2622:
2359:
2312:
2250:
2079:
1878:
1868:
105:
3148:
3022:
2922:
2752:
2560:
2450:
2401:
2374:
2127:
2122:
1975:
1896:
296:
288:
284:
222:
198:
113:
2893:
2585:
2396:
2142:
2132:
226:
23:
Higher educational attainment in the US corresponds with median household wealth.
1897:
America's
Disappearing Middle Class: Implications for Public Policy and Politics
2850:
2794:
2633:
2590:
2518:
2262:
2233:
2158:
2112:
2054:
2011:
1647:"Kurtz, H. (29 March 2005). College Faculties A Most Liberal Lot, Study Finds.
393:, and value systems are equally important. Income is in part determined by the
202:
169:
165:
117:
197:
The upper middle class is often the dominant group to shape society and bring
3201:
2691:
2488:
2277:
2147:
2137:
2095:
2069:
2064:
2001:
1961:
1882:
320:
133:
1563:
2724:
2651:
2430:
2420:
2339:
2089:
1996:
1946:
1902:
1453:
1448:
304:
206:
190:
157:
129:
40:
36:
2888:
2719:
2709:
2659:
2641:
2552:
2513:
2307:
2218:
2201:
1521:"The Wealth of Households: 2021 / Current Population Reports / P70BR-183"
1490:
1443:
344:
161:
145:
2734:
2074:
1836:"Selected Characteristics of Households, by Total Money Income in 2022"
332:
312:
182:
137:
125:
109:
93:
1673:"Middle class according to The Drum Major Institute for public policy"
2780:
2775:
2742:
2714:
2602:
2597:
2533:
2508:
2455:
2369:
2084:
2016:
1719:
340:
328:
316:
308:
153:
149:
48:
28:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
420:
Distribution of household income in 2022 according to US Census data
2789:
2761:
2747:
2614:
2580:
2538:
2523:
2483:
2228:
394:
324:
234:
141:
97:
1720:"Professional Occupations according to the US Department of Labor"
2785:
2770:
2766:
2528:
2478:
2470:
2460:
2364:
2352:
2211:
2107:
2101:
1578:
348:
101:
1631:
Doob, Christopher B. (2013). "The Badly
Besieged Middle Class".
261:
189:
Members of the upper middle class tend to place a high value on
2757:
2570:
2503:
2443:
2438:
2245:
1912:
1811:"Income Distribution to $ 250,000 or More for Households: 2022"
1782:"Net Worth Percentile Calculator – United States (and Average)"
1733:
1699:
1697:
1695:
352:
2565:
2493:
2044:
1692:
1519:
Sullivan, Brianna; Hays, Donald; Bennett, Neil (June 2023).
2575:
2117:
1756:"Household Income Percentile Calculator, US [2019]"
242:
drinking) are based upon "saving people from themselves."
1677:
1633:
Social
Inequality and Social Stratificatin in US Society
1574:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 0-313-26111-3.
389:
as the prime determinant of class, occupational status,
256:
for a complete overview of the
American middle classes.
1744:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. 0-8476-8543-8.
1554:
1526:. United States Census Bureau. p. 5 (Figure 2).
43:
in
American society. This is in contrast to the term
1594:
Fear of
Falling, The Inner Life of the Middle Class
1518:
1512:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1867:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
3199:
1708:. New York: Wadsworth Publishing. 0-534-50520-1.
1537:
1830:
1828:
245:
1928:
1596:. New York, NY: Harper Collins. 0-06-0973331.
1572:Occupation and Class Consciousness in America
303:. Typical professions for this class include
254:American professional/Managerial middle class
2832:
2612:
39:constituted by higher-status members of the
1825:
1481:Educational attainment in the United States
1935:
1921:
1591:
1908:Relationship between income and education
1903:Definition of Middle Class stratification
1805:
1803:
1555:Thompson, William; Joseph Hickey (2005).
2820:
1635:. New Jersey: Pearson. pp. 157–167.
376:
260:
229:movement, and even in the past with the
201:to the forefront. Movements such as the
18:
1703:
33:upper middle class of the United States
3200:
1859:
1800:
1739:
1569:
2819:
2176:
1916:
1559:. Boston, MA: Pearson. 0-205-41365-X.
1486:Household income in the United States
369:Household income in the United States
1630:
1496:Personal income in the United States
373:Personal income in the United States
16:A social class in the United States
13:
2178:
2177:
1853:
1774:
1748:
1533:from the original on May 24, 2024.
425:US Census Bureau figures for 2022
14:
3229:
3213:Social class in the United States
1890:
1501:Social class in the United States
3180:
3179:
1942:
1742:Social Class and Stratification
2821:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1466:Affluence in the United States
1459:
365:Affluence in the United States
269:In the United States the term
82:
1:
1506:
1706:The American Class Structure
1592:Ehrenreich, Barbara (1989).
414:Dennis Gilbert (sociologist)
7:
1437:
246:American upper middle class
92:such as but not limited to
60:American upper middle class
10:
3234:
2027:Weberian (three-component)
362:
3175:
3116:
3008:
2976:
2943:
2869:
2841:
2828:
2815:
2733:
2690:
2650:
2632:
2551:
2469:
2429:
2338:
2331:
2286:
2189:
2185:
2172:
2035:
1989:
1985:
1956:
1899:by Trevor Beltz, May 2012
1413:
1410:
385:While many Americans see
358:
175:
3149:Pre-industrial East Asia
1704:Gilbert, Dennis (1998).
1570:Eichar, Douglas (1989).
448:Mean size of household
445:Mean number of earners
285:statistical middle class
2197:Administrative detainee
1740:Levine, Rhonda (1998).
1396:$ 200,000 to $ 249,999
1373:$ 195,000 to $ 199,999
1350:$ 190,000 to $ 194,999
1327:$ 185,000 to $ 189,999
1304:$ 180,000 to $ 184,999
1281:$ 175,000 to $ 179,999
1258:$ 170,000 to $ 174,999
1235:$ 165,000 to $ 169,999
1212:$ 160,000 to $ 164,999
1189:$ 155,000 to $ 159,999
1166:$ 150,000 to $ 154,999
1143:$ 145,000 to $ 149,999
1120:$ 140,000 to $ 144,999
1097:$ 135,000 to $ 139,999
1074:$ 130,000 to $ 134,999
1051:$ 125,000 to $ 129,999
1028:$ 120,000 to $ 124,999
1005:$ 115,000 to $ 119,999
982:$ 110,000 to $ 114,999
959:$ 105,000 to $ 109,999
936:$ 100,000 to $ 104,999
194:identified as liberal.
2613:
391:educational attainment
382:
280:
266:
24:
3208:American middle class
3154:Pre-industrial Europe
1471:American middle class
913:$ 95,000 to $ 99,999
890:$ 90,000 to $ 94,999
867:$ 85,000 to $ 89,999
844:$ 80,000 to $ 84,999
821:$ 75,000 to $ 79,999
798:$ 70,000 to $ 74,999
775:$ 65,000 to $ 69,999
752:$ 60,000 to $ 64,999
729:$ 55,000 to $ 59,999
706:$ 50,000 to $ 54,999
683:$ 45,000 to $ 49,999
660:$ 40,000 to $ 44,999
637:$ 35,000 to $ 39,999
614:$ 30,000 to $ 34,999
591:$ 25,000 to $ 29,999
568:$ 20,000 to $ 24,999
545:$ 15,000 to $ 19,999
522:$ 10,000 to $ 14,999
380:
363:Further information:
276:
264:
211:civil rights movement
122:university professors
22:
3011: or countries
2822:By country or region
2060:Class discrimination
1476:American upper class
439:Percent At or Below
433:Number (thousands)
430:Income of Household
337:executive assistants
231:1960s counterculture
2543:Vanniar (Chieftain)
1649:The Washington Post
1419:$ 250,000 and over
499:$ 5,000 to $ 9,999
426:
297:top income quintile
293:comfortable incomes
239:Temperance movement
76:educational degrees
3218:Upper middle class
3124:18th-century Spain
2978:Standard of living
2682:Upper middle class
2677:Lower middle class
2268:Political prisoner
2050:Chattering classes
2022:Spoon class theory
1861:Reeves, Richard V.
1838:. US Census Bureau
1813:. US Census Bureau
424:
399:educational degree
383:
267:
53:upper middle class
45:lower middle class
25:
3193:
3192:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3004:
3003:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2705:Lumpenproletariat
2207:illegal immigrant
2168:
2167:
2080:Classless society
1788:. October 2, 2017
1762:. October 8, 2019
1435:
1434:
436:Percent in Group
407:individual income
114:business analysts
106:military officers
62:is defined using
3225:
3183:
3182:
3010:
2911:Mexican-American
2839:
2838:
2830:
2829:
2817:
2816:
2618:
2561:Business magnate
2451:Knowledge worker
2336:
2335:
2224:dual or multiple
2187:
2186:
2174:
2173:
2128:Social exclusion
2123:Social cleansing
2037:
1987:
1986:
1976:Economic classes
1937:
1930:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1886:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1653:. March 29, 2005
1643:
1637:
1636:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1557:Society in Focus
1552:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1525:
1516:
427:
423:
295:, likely in the
289:graduate degrees
223:environmentalism
199:social movements
72:personal incomes
3233:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3189:
3163:
3112:
3000:
2972:
2939:
2923:Underprivileged
2865:
2824:
2823:
2799:
2729:
2686:
2646:
2628:
2547:
2465:
2425:
2327:
2282:
2181:
2180:
2164:
2143:Social position
2133:Social mobility
2031:
1981:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1893:
1875:
1856:
1854:Further reading
1851:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1702:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1590:
1579:
1568:
1564:
1553:
1538:
1530:
1523:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1462:
1440:
422:
375:
361:
248:
178:
85:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3231:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3144:Ottoman Empire
3141:
3136:
3131:
3129:Ancient Greece
3126:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3103:United Kingdom
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2996:Home-ownership
2993:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2875:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2851:American Dream
2848:
2842:
2836:
2826:
2825:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2263:Migrant worker
2260:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2179:By demographic
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2159:Status Anxiety
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2113:Ranked society
2110:
2105:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2055:Class conflict
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2038: topics
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Mudsill theory
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1892:
1891:External links
1889:
1888:
1887:
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1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1002:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
956:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
933:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
910:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
887:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
864:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
841:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
818:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
795:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
772:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
726:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
703:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
680:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
634:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
611:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
588:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
565:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
542:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
519:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
496:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
476:Under $ 5,000
473:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
450:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
421:
418:
360:
357:
321:urban planners
259:
258:
247:
244:
209:movement, the
203:Peace Movement
177:
174:
170:intelligentsia
166:civil servants
118:urban planners
84:
81:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3230:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3196:
3186:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3108:United States
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:Other regions
3007:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2834:United States
2831:
2827:
2818:
2814:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:Socioeconomic
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Social stigma
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:Social orphan
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2096:Nouveau riche
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Class traitor
2068:
2066:
2065:Class society
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:Gilbert model
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1874:9780815729129
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1842:September 22,
1837:
1831:
1829:
1817:September 22,
1812:
1806:
1804:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1743:
1736:
1721:
1715:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1566:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1511:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
980:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
957:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
934:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
911:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
888:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
865:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
842:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
796:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
727:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
704:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
681:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
658:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
635:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
612:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
589:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
566:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
543:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
520:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
497:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
474:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
451:
447:
444:
442:Mean Income
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
428:
417:
415:
412:Sociologists
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
379:
374:
370:
366:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:psychologists
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
279:
275:
272:
263:
257:
255:
250:
249:
243:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
192:
187:
184:
173:
171:
167:
164:, high-level
163:
159:
158:statisticians
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:psychologists
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
90:professionals
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
3195:
3159:Soviet Union
3134:Ancient Rome
2991:Homelessness
2916:Upper Middle
2915:
2788: /
2769: /
2760: /
2725:Working poor
2621:
2608:Robber baron
2431:Intellectual
2421:Royal family
2385:Ancient Rome
2239:second-class
2157:
2100:
2099: /
2094:
2090:High society
1997:Elite theory
1974:
1967:
1960:
1947:Social class
1864:
1840:. Retrieved
1815:. Retrieved
1792:November 16,
1790:. Retrieved
1785:
1776:
1766:November 16,
1764:. Retrieved
1759:
1750:
1741:
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1682:. Retrieved
1676:
1667:
1655:. Retrieved
1648:
1641:
1632:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1593:
1571:
1565:
1556:
1514:
1454:Social class
1449:Middle class
411:
384:
345:optometrists
281:
277:
271:middle class
268:
251:
227:anti-smoking
207:anti-nuclear
196:
191:high culture
188:
179:
130:stockbrokers
86:
57:
41:middle class
37:social group
32:
26:
3078:New Zealand
2795:Untouchable
2720:Proletariat
2710:Pea-pickers
2660:Bourgeoisie
2348:Aristocracy
2234:naturalized
2229:native-born
1491:Millionaire
1460:US-specific
1444:Bourgeoisie
333:pharmacists
313:accountants
219:LGBT rights
162:pharmacists
146:accountants
83:Professions
74:, advanced
3202:Categories
3068:Luxembourg
2958:Inequality
2623:Superclass
2414:Hereditary
2390:Post-Roman
2381:Patrician
2251:adolescent
2075:Classicide
1507:References
1431:$ 426,600
341:physicians
329:economists
317:architects
309:professors
186:families.
183:Ivy League
138:scientists
126:architects
110:economists
94:physicians
3093:Sri Lanka
2986:Education
2953:Household
2846:Affluence
2781:Rat tribe
2743:Ant tribe
2715:Precariat
2700:Lazzaroni
2642:Bohemians
2603:Overclass
2598:Old money
2534:Spartiate
2509:Kshatriya
2499:Hashashin
2456:Professor
2397:Political
2370:Oligarchy
2360:Hanseaten
2278:Stateless
2258:Convicted
2190:By status
2153:Subaltern
2085:Euthenics
2017:New class
1883:992511514
1408:$ 221,100
1385:$ 197,200
1362:$ 192,100
1339:$ 187,100
1316:$ 182,100
1293:$ 177,100
1270:$ 172,100
1247:$ 167,100
1224:$ 162,000
1201:$ 157,000
1178:$ 151,900
1155:$ 147,200
1132:$ 141,900
1109:$ 137,000
1086:$ 132,000
1063:$ 127,100
1040:$ 121,800
1017:$ 117,100
994:$ 112,000
971:$ 107,100
948:$ 101,800
465:$ 106,400
403:household
325:engineers
301:top third
235:Blue laws
154:actuaries
150:engineers
68:education
49:Max Weber
29:sociology
3185:Category
3117:Historic
3038:Colombia
3028:Cambodia
2963:Personal
2861:Mobility
2790:Freedman
2776:Plebeian
2762:Prisoner
2748:Commoner
2634:Creative
2615:Seigneur
2581:Nobility
2539:Vanniyar
2524:Pendekar
2484:Cossacks
2118:Snobbery
1990:Theories
1863:(2017).
1725:July 26,
1684:July 25,
1528:Archived
1438:See also
925:$ 97,140
902:$ 91,930
879:$ 87,090
856:$ 81,950
833:$ 76,970
810:$ 71,990
787:$ 67,100
764:$ 61,880
741:$ 57,030
718:$ 51,880
695:$ 47,130
672:$ 41,960
649:$ 37,080
626:$ 32,000
603:$ 27,210
580:$ 22,250
557:$ 17,350
534:$ 12,440
395:scarcity
349:dentists
237:and the
215:feminism
168:and the
142:managers
98:dentists
3088:Romania
3083:Nigeria
2968:Poverty
2871:Classes
2856:History
2767:Peasant
2753:Outcast
2692:Working
2672:Burgher
2529:Samurai
2519:Ocēlōtl
2479:Chhetri
2471:Warrior
2461:Scholar
2375:Russian
2365:Magnate
2353:Aristoi
2332:By type
2219:Citizen
2212:refugee
2108:Poverty
2102:Parvenu
2036:Related
2007:Marxian
1969:Stratum
1657:July 2,
511:$ 7,626
456:131,400
353:lawyers
283:in the
102:lawyers
35:is the
3043:France
3023:Belize
3018:Africa
2945:Income
2901:Middle
2894:Gentry
2758:Outlaw
2665:Petite
2652:Middle
2586:Landed
2571:Gentry
2504:Knight
2444:Priest
2439:Clergy
2402:Family
2340:Ruling
2289:collar
2246:Clique
1962:Status
1881:
1871:
1428:100.00
453:Total
387:income
371:, and
359:Income
351:, and
225:, the
205:, the
176:Values
64:income
51:, the
31:, the
3139:Aztec
3098:Tibet
3073:Nepal
3063:Italy
3053:India
3048:Haiti
3033:China
2933:Under
2928:Lower
2906:Black
2889:Donor
2884:Black
2879:Upper
2786:Slave
2735:Under
2591:Petty
2566:Elite
2553:Upper
2494:Harii
2489:Cuāuh
2323:White
2303:Green
2202:Alien
2045:Caste
1786:DQYDJ
1760:DQYDJ
1531:(PDF)
1524:(PDF)
1422:9,636
1414:3.24
1405:92.69
1399:6,024
1391:3.26
1382:88.11
1368:3.36
1359:87.43
1345:3.12
1336:86.72
1322:3.26
1313:86.02
1307:1,106
1299:3.22
1290:85.17
1284:1,043
1276:3.25
1267:84.38
1261:1,144
1253:3.14
1244:83.51
1238:1,131
1230:2.90
1221:82.65
1215:1,461
1207:3.06
1198:81.54
1192:1,389
1184:2.91
1175:80.48
1169:2,005
1161:2.95
1152:78.95
1146:1,375
1138:3.05
1129:77.91
1123:1,680
1115:3.01
1106:76.63
1100:1,730
1092:3.07
1083:75.31
1077:1,996
1069:2.99
1060:73.79
1054:2,086
1046:2.90
1037:72.21
1031:2,421
1023:2.89
1014:70.36
1008:2,188
1000:3.02
991:68.70
985:2,462
977:2.89
968:66.82
962:2,321
954:2.66
945:65.06
939:3,312
931:2.77
922:62.54
916:2,838
908:2.69
899:60.38
893:3,132
885:2.68
876:57.99
870:3,061
862:2.61
853:55.66
847:3,505
839:2.50
830:53.00
824:3,669
816:2.51
807:50.20
801:3,904
793:2.46
784:47.23
778:3,867
770:2.40
761:44.29
755:4,463
747:2.31
738:40.89
732:4,252
724:2.27
715:37.66
709:4,838
701:2.23
692:33.98
686:4,453
678:2.17
669:30.59
663:4,761
655:2.11
646:26.96
640:4,674
632:2.03
623:23.41
617:5,285
609:1.95
600:19.39
594:4,728
586:1.76
577:15.79
571:5,047
563:1.62
554:11.95
548:4,725
540:1.54
525:4,536
517:1.75
502:2,131
494:1.89
488:$ 877
479:4,305
471:2.51
3058:Iran
2771:Serf
2576:Lord
2514:Nair
2407:List
2318:Pink
2308:Grey
2298:Blue
2287:By "
1879:OCLC
1869:ISBN
1844:2023
1819:2023
1794:2019
1768:2019
1727:2006
1686:2006
1659:2007
1425:7.33
1411:2.11
1402:4.58
1388:2.08
1379:0.68
1365:2.16
1356:0.72
1342:2.14
1333:0.70
1319:2.07
1310:0.84
1296:2.07
1287:0.79
1273:2.02
1264:0.87
1250:2.06
1241:0.86
1227:1.89
1218:1.11
1204:1.99
1195:1.06
1181:1.84
1172:1.53
1158:2.00
1149:1.05
1135:1.92
1126:1.28
1112:1.82
1103:1.32
1089:1.87
1080:1.52
1066:1.80
1057:1.59
1043:1.71
1034:1.84
1020:1.81
1011:1.67
997:1.78
988:1.87
974:1.67
965:1.77
951:1.59
942:2.52
928:1.60
919:2.16
905:1.54
896:2.38
882:1.50
873:2.33
859:1.43
850:2.67
836:1.41
827:2.79
813:1.30
804:2.97
790:1.26
781:2.94
767:1.19
758:3.40
744:1.10
735:3.24
721:1.06
712:3.68
698:0.98
689:3.39
675:0.89
666:3.62
652:0.82
643:3.56
629:0.75
620:4.02
606:0.59
597:3.60
583:0.51
574:3.84
560:0.37
551:3.60
537:0.27
531:8.35
528:3.45
514:0.41
508:4.90
505:1.62
491:0.13
485:3.28
482:3.28
468:1.30
405:and
291:and
252:See
172:.
58:The
2313:New
1678:PBS
1376:889
1353:940
1330:921
409:.
299:or
27:In
3204::
1877:.
1827:^
1802:^
1784:.
1758:.
1694:^
1675:.
1580:^
1539:^
367:,
355:.
347:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
331:,
327:,
323:,
319:,
315:,
311:,
307:,
233:,
221:,
217:,
213:,
160:,
156:,
152:,
148:,
144:,
140:,
136:,
132:,
128:,
124:,
120:,
116:,
112:,
108:,
104:,
100:,
96:,
66:,
2541:/
2291:"
1936:e
1929:t
1922:v
1885:.
1846:.
1821:.
1796:.
1770:.
1729:.
1688:.
1661:.
1651:"
1618:{
1606:{
462:—
459:—
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