1093:
3161:; Douka, Katerina; Wood, Rachel; Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Brock, Fiona; Basell, Laura; Camps, Marta; Arrizabalaga, Alvaro; Baena, Javier; Barroso-RuĂz, Cecillio; Bergman, Christopher; Boitard, Coralie; Boscato, Paolo; CaparrĂłs, Miguel; Conard, Nicholas J.; Draily, Christelle; Froment, Alain; Galván, Bertila; Gambassini, Paolo; Garcia-Moreno, Alejandro; Grimaldi, Stefano; Haesaerts, Paul; Holt, Brigitte; Iriarte-Chiapusso, Maria-Jose; Jelinek, Arthur; Jordá Pardo, JesĂşs F.; MaĂllo-Fernández, JosĂ©-Manuel; Marom, Anat; Maroto, JuliĂ ; MenĂ©ndez, Mario; Metz, Laure; Morin, Eugène; Moroni, Adriana; Negrino, Fabio; Panagopoulou, Eleni; Peresani, Marco; Pirson, StĂ©phane; de la Rasilla, Marco; Riel-Salvatore, Julien; Ronchitelli, Annamaria; Santamaria, David; Semal, Patrick; Slimak, Ludovic; Soler, Joaquim; Soler, NarcĂs; Villaluenga, Aritza; Pinhasi, Ron; Jacobi, Roger (21 August 2014). "The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance".
752:
693:
2109:
1301:
462:
1616:
878:
1972:
4541:. "Here we report on a case of inter-group violence towards a group of hunter-gatherers from Nataruk, west of Lake Turkana ... Ten of the twelve articulated skeletons found at Nataruk show evidence of having died violently at the edge of a lagoon, into which some of the bodies fell. The remains ... offer a rare glimpse into the life and death of past foraging people, and evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers."
1408:
1596:
1105:
909:
1865:
38:
980:
900:: several symbols were used in combination as a way to convey seasonal behavioural information about hunted animals. Lines (|) and dots (•) were apparently used interchangeably to denote lunar months, while the (Y) sign apparently signified "To give birth". These characters were seemingly combined to convey the breeding period of hunted animals.
712:
Firstly among the artefacts of Africa, archeologists found they could differentiate and classify those of less than 50,000 years into many different categories, such as projectile points, engraving tools, knife blades, and drilling and piercing tools. These new stone-tool types have been described as
4644:. This book describes in some detail the archaeological evidence regarding aboriginal life, culture, food gathering and land management, particularly the period from the flooding of Bass Strait and Port Phillip from about 7–10,000 years ago, up to the European colonisation in the nineteenth century.
3237:(Banfield 1961:170; Kurtén 1968:170) and continuing to the present. ... The caribou/wild reindeer is thus an animal that has been a major resource for humans throughout a tremendous geographic area and across a time span of tens of thousands of years." Ernest S. Burch, Jr.
1032:
rise in temperatures also began sharply around 10.3 kya, and by its end around 9.0 kya had brought temperatures nearly to present day levels, although the climate was wetter. This period saw the Upper
Paleolithic give way to the start of the following
767:
of animals. Some of them may have been occupied year round, though more commonly they appear to have been used seasonally; people moved between the sites to exploit different food sources at different times of the year. Hunting was important, and
1052:
were land at this time, and the Black Sea a fresh-water lake. In particular the
Atlantic coastline was initially far out to sea in modern terms in most areas, though the Mediterranean coastline has retreated far less, except in the north of the
967:
in France and Spain. Human life may have continued on top of the ice sheet, but we know next to nothing about it, and very little about the human life that preceded the
European glaciers. In the early part of the period, up to about 30 kya, the
940:, which lasted from about 26.5 to 19 kya, being coldest at the end, before relatively rapid warming (all dates vary somewhat for different areas, and in different studies). During the Maximum, most of Northern Europe was covered by an
3291:
3942:
Brumm, Adam; Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Burhan, Basran; Hakim, Budianto; Lebe, Rustan; Zhao, Jian-xin; Sulistyarto, Priyatno Hadi; Ririmasse, Marlon; Adhityatama, Shinatria; Sumantri, Iwan; Aubert, Maxime (2021-01-01).
4019:
3677:
Russo, Gabriele; Milks, Annemieke; Leder, Dirk; Koddenberg, Tim; Starkovich, Britt M.; Duval, M.; Zhao, J.-X.; Darga, Robert; Rosendahl, Wilfried; Terberger, Thomas (2023-10-12).
4154:
Pike, A. W. G.; Hoffmann, D. L.; GarcĂa-Diez, M.; Pettitt, P. B.; Alcolea, J.; De BalbĂn, R.; et al. (2012). "U-Series Dating of
Paleolithic Art in 11 Caves in Spain".
1092:
3255:
1140:, Sydney, Australia. At first when these results were new they were controversial; more recently dating of the same strata has revised and corroborated these dates.
713:
being distinctly differentiated from each other; each tool had a specific purpose. The early modern humans who expanded into Europe, commonly referred to as the
448:
1065:), so evidence of human activity along Europe's coasts in the Upper Paleolithic is mostly lost, though some traces have been recovered by fishing boats and
6140:
748:
disappeared from the archeological record at around the same time the
Neanderthals themselves disappeared from the fossil record, about 40,000 cal BP.
4655:
1503:
4779:
4106:
6537:
6278:
5874:
4754:– Libor Balák at the Czech Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Archaeology in Brno, The Center for Paleolithic and Paleoethnological Research.
3844:
d'Errico, F.; Backwell, L.; Villa, P.; Degano, I.; Lucejko, J. J.; Bamford, M. K.; Higham, T. F. G.; Colombini, M. P.; Beaumont, P. B. (2012).
869:
and forced people to look at other materials. In addition, flint becomes brittle at low temperatures and may not have functioned as a tool.
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2737:
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Francesco d’Errico et al. (2012) Early evidence of San material culture represented by organic artifacts from Border Cave, South Africa.
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2758:
2744:
6325:
5776:
4543:
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culture was located in Europe and south west Asia, and flourished between 43,000 and 26,000 BP. It may have been contemporary with the
441:
3529:
Backwell, L; d'Errico, F; Wadley, L (2008). "Middle Stone Age bone tools from the
Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa".
4741:
3461:
1020:
that occurred around 13.5 to 13.8 kya. Then there was a very rapid onset, perhaps within as little as a decade, of the cold and dry
4027:
3642:
Lombard M (2011). "Quartz-tipped arrows older than 60 ka: further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa".
1808:, with the direct implication that many coastal and lower riverine valley archaeological sites of interest are today under water.
617:
after about 35 ka, and expanding into the
Americas by about 15 ka. In Western Eurasia, the Paleolithic eases into the so-called
558:, carvings and engravings on bone or ivory. The first evidence of human fishing is also found, from artefacts in places such as
4404:
4329:
4207:"Precise dating of the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Murcia (Spain) supports late Neandertal persistence in Iberia"
3607:
Lombard M, Phillips L (2010). "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa".
751:
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4384:
4357:
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Peace Parks
Foundation, "Major Features: Cultural Importance." Republic of South Africa: Author. Retrieved August 27, 2007,
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4772:
3902:
Swaziland
Natural Trust Commission, "Cultural Resources – Malolotja Archaeology, Lion Cavern," Retrieved August 27, 2007,
3904:
3766:
Higham, Thomas F. G.; Wesselingh, Frank P.; Hedges, Robert E. M.; Bergman, Christopher A.; Douka, Katerina (2013-09-11).
3393:
Higham, Thomas F. G.; Wesselingh, Frank P.; Hedges, Robert E. M.; Bergman, Christopher A.; Douka, Katerina (2013-09-11).
3323:
Higham, Thomas F. G.; Wesselingh, Frank P.; Hedges, Robert E. M.; Bergman, Christopher A.; Douka, Katerina (2013-09-11).
3049:"Out of Africa: modern human origins special feature: middle and later Pleistocene hominids in Africa and Southwest Asia"
4440:
Flood, J. M.; David, B.; Magee, J.; English, B. (1987), "Birrigai: a
Pleistocene site in the south eastern highlands",
2393:
692:
17:
4565:(October 1994). "Australia's Ancient Warriors: Changing Depictions of Fighting in the Rock Art of Arnhem Land, N.T.".
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culture was located in eastern France, Spain, and England. Solutrean artifacts have been dated c. 22,000 to 17,000 BP.
6644:
5903:
4809:
4641:
4314:
4077:
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in Spain are dated from around 40,000 BP, making them the oldest examples of cave art yet discovered in Europe (see:
523:
around 300,000 years ago. It has been argued by some that their ways of life changed relatively little from that of
6110:
5997:
4268:
3282:
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culture was located around central and south western France, and northern Spain. It appears to be derived from the
1376:
1236:
6522:
5913:
4951:
4765:
4023:
3768:"Chronology of Ksar Akil (Lebanon) and Implications for the Colonization of Europe by Anatomically Modern Humans"
3395:"Chronology of Ksar Akil (Lebanon) and Implications for the Colonization of Europe by Anatomically Modern Humans"
3325:"Chronology of Ksar Akil (Lebanon) and Implications for the Colonization of Europe by Anatomically Modern Humans"
3276:
Bacon, Bennett; Khatiri, Azadeh; Palmer, James; Freeth, Tony; Pettitt, Paul; Kentridge, Robert (5 January 2023).
2540:
2117:
1958:
Pregnant woman and deer (?), from Laugerie-Basse, France was made. It is now at Musée des Antiquités Nationales,
1456:
4264:
1667:
1445:
Evidence for continued Neanderthal presence in the Iberian Peninsula at 37,000 years ago was published in 2017.
6135:
5665:
4925:
3158:
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1584:
1495:
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847:
4993:
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976:, well-watered and with lower temperatures than today; after the end of the Pluvial the Sahara became arid.
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The changes in human behavior have been attributed to changes in climate, encompassing a number of global
5096:
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1999:
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3846:"Early evidence of San material culture represented by organic artifacts from Border Cave, South Africa"
535:
found associated with modern human remains. This period coincides with the most common date assigned to
6634:
6398:
6199:
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technology 48,000 BP (though the earliest known bow and arrow technology dates to about 65,000 BP from
512:
3008:
Gilman, Antonio (1996). "Explaining the Upper Palaeolithic Revolution". Pp. 220–239 (Chap. 8) in
1300:
633:), falling well into the Old World Epipaleolithic, and marking the beginning of the earliest forms of
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Settlements were often located in narrow valley bottoms, possibly associated with hunting of passing
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294:
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Earliest evidence of modern humans found in Europe, in Southern Italy. These are indirectly dated.
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was peopled after c. 45 ka. Anatomically modern humans are known to have expanded northward into
6510:
6420:
5592:
5359:
5178:
5111:
4843:
4562:
3566:"The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"
3027:
2478:
787:
4708:
3105:
Gilman, Antonio. 1996. "Explaining the Upper Palaeolithic Revolution". pp. 220–239 (Chap. 8) in
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culture was located across Europe. Gravettian sites generally date between 33,000 and 20,000 BP.
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6598:
6472:
6078:
5969:
5957:
5653:
5394:
5233:
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3905:"Swaziland National Trust Commission – Cultural Resources – Malolotja Archaeology, Lion Cavern"
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1555:
1535:
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regions. Known human dependence on caribou/wild reindeer has a long history, beginning in the
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Mulvaney, D J and White, Peter, 1987, Australians to 1788, Fairfax, Syme & Weldon, Sydney
4265:"The Trial Excavation at the Archaeological Site of Wong Tei Tung, Sham Chung, Hong Kong SAR"
2730:
2533:
2355:
2337:
2061:
1919:
1749:
1608:
677:, who has worked extensively on ancient stone tools, describes the stone tool kit of archaic
582:
5722:
3221:"In North America and Eurasia the species has long been an important resource—in many areas
3137:
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6603:
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4080:. Presland says on page 1: "There is some evidence to show that people were living in the
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culture left evidence from Portugal to Poland during the period from 17,000 to 12,000 BP.
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2019:
1959:
1745:
1663:
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Some notational signs, used next to images of animals, may have appeared as early as the
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3960:
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3679:"First direct evidence of lion hunting and the early use of a lion pelt by Neanderthals"
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3655:
3542:
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3340:
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2143:
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Human remains deposited in caves which are now located off the coast of Yucatán, Mexico.
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Backwell, L; Bradfield, J; Carlson, KJ; Jashashvili, T; Wadley, L; d'Errico, F (2018).
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87:
54:
4709:"Rock-art and the archaeological record of Indigenous settlement in Central Australia"
2605:
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lived around 29,000–26,000 years ago. Recent evidence has come to light that he was a
1122:, dated to 40,800 to 39,200 years BP for "Egbert",and 42,400–41,700 BP for "Ethelruda"
741:
489:. Very broadly, it dates to between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago (the beginning of the
6586:
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Stockton, Eugene D.; Nanson, Gerald C. (April 2004). "Cranebrook Terrace Revisited".
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531:, until about 50,000 years ago, when there was a marked increase in the diversity of
323:
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270:
172:
134:
4400:
2633:(a contested grouping of the earlier Châtelperronian and later Gravettian cultures).
1766:, Australia. Archaeological evidence of settlement in the region includes inhabited
6581:
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6231:
6014:
5814:
5734:
5690:
5490:
5312:
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4527:"Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya"
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689:, before 50,000 years ago all the stone tools are much alike and unsophisticated.
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5923:
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Sydney's Aboriginal Past: Investigating the Archaeological and Historical Records
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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occurred during this time, with East and Central Asia populations reaching the
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77:
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3300:
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2411:
1971:
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6388:
6366:
6263:
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5879:
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dies on the island of Santa Rosa, off the coast of California, United States.
2012:
1995:
1952:
1869:
1830:
1566:
1317:, Australia, as evidenced by archaeological findings on the Upper Swan River.
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1004:
897:
831:
726:
705:
328:
117:
4998:
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4175:
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emerged, supported by more varied and reliable food sources and specialized
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The climate of the period in Europe saw dramatic changes, and included the
877:
835:
795:
717:, left many sophisticated stone tools, carved and engraved pieces on bone,
670:
665:
563:
559:
369:
257:
252:
188:
6425:
2997:– A leading archeologist who has conducted extensive Paleolithic research.
1774:, burial places, camps and quarry sites, and stone tools and arrangements.
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1982:
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are made, where the cave mouth is now under water at Cap Margiou, France.
1741:
1651:
1580:
1414:, the oldest surviving ceramic figurine in the world (29,000 – 25,000 BC)
1407:
1340:
1305:
1262:
1209:, a possible tally stick or lunar calendar, dated to 44,000–43,000 BP in
1176:
1163:
886:
854:
807:
654:
506:
482:
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3182:
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5275:
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3839:(33): 13214-13219. It is called a notched bone, illustrated in Fig. 1,
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2884:
2852:
2770:
2661:
2637:
2609:
2559:
2417:
2381:
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2212:
2009:, Spain, is painted. Discovered in 1879. Accepted as authentic in 1902.
1904:
in France is painted. Discovered in 1940. Closed to the public in 1963.
1881:
1841:, France, is made. It is now at Musée de la Préhistoire, Le Mas d'Azil.
1819:
1595:
1551:
1474:
1348:
1070:
1058:
1034:
783:
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as impossible to categorize. He argues that almost everywhere, whether
622:
574:
types. This probably contributed to increasing group identification or
555:
382:
262:
230:
158:
123:
97:
3278:"An Upper Palaeolithic Proto-writing System and Phenological Calendar"
3238:
3191:
1375:
meaning about the behaviour of animal species drawn next to them, are
838:
fish species and navigating the open ocean is evidenced by sites from
6467:
6236:
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5515:
5456:
5446:
5441:
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Picture Gallery of the Paleolithic (reconstructional palaeoethnology)
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925:
843:
819:
772:"may well be the species of single greatest importance in the entire
575:
486:
238:
165:
66:
50:
4099:"Mysterious marks on Ice Age cave art may have been ancient records"
1104:
6241:
6177:
6024:
5982:
5717:
5625:
5500:
5322:
5285:
5265:
4544:"Evidence of a prehistoric massacre extends the history of warfare"
4511:
3563:
2888:
2797:
2751:
2526:
2514:
2367:
2325:
2139:
1915:
1885:
1864:
1823:
1771:
1763:
1559:
1462:
1420:
1372:
1240:
1221:
921:
917:
908:
823:
769:
697:
546:
The Upper Paleolithic has the earliest known evidence of organized
490:
421:
300:
146:
44:
3138:"Klein: Behavioral and Biological Origins of Modern Humans 1 of 3"
3120:"Klein: Behavioral and Biological Origins of Modern Humans 3 of 3"
2859:
1955:
move across North America, then southward through Central America.
1762:
Artifacts suggests early human activity occurred at some point in
857:
drops. These led to a worsening of the already bitter cold of the
539:
from Africa throughout Asia and Eurasia, which contributed to the
6303:
6095:
6041:
5987:
5809:
5615:
5525:
5379:
5280:
5238:
5101:
5020:
4973:
4961:
4556:. For early depiction of interpersonal violence in rock art see:
4014:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 41–50.
2877:
2873:
2718:
2704:
2459:
2349:
2272:
2260:
2206:
2188:
2182:
2121:
2040:
1985:
1918:, France, is made. It is now at Musée des Antiquités Nationales,
1908:
1901:
1894:
1852:
1844:
1748:, France, created. It is now at Musée des Antiquités Nationales,
1716:
1685:
1380:
1357:, one of the earliest figurative art. It is now in Ulmer Museum,
1273:
949:
882:
862:
815:
803:
678:
594:
567:
2622:. This culture lasted from approximately 45,000 BP to 40,000 BP.
1427:). Scientists theorise that the paintings may have been made by
979:
493:), according to some theories coinciding with the appearance of
37:
6371:
5908:
5886:
5739:
5675:
5620:
5010:
4988:
4956:
4930:
4319:
4085:
3843:
3230:
2974:
2809:
2319:
1647:
1543:
1531:
1434:
Wall painting with horses, rhinoceroses and aurochs is made at
1133:
973:
916:
from 50,000 to 10,000 before present, until the warming of the
866:
756:
722:
701:
686:
520:
412:
4153:
1660:(Czech Republic). It is the oldest known ceramic in the world.
885:, with painted animal, and four dots, a possible notation for
6437:
6157:
5891:
5845:
5707:
5562:
5510:
5086:
5052:
3765:
3392:
3322:
3225:
most important resource—for peoples' inhabiting the northern
2903:
2618:
2092:
2033:
1481:
1314:
1225:
718:
1220:
in Swaziland, at about 43,000 years ago, where humans mined
6383:
6344:
5824:
5680:
5610:
5530:
5402:
4915:
4678:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
1720:
1539:
1061:. The rise in sea levels continued until at least 7.5 kya (
827:
764:
682:
571:
181:
4401:"Arrernte Aboriginal Art and Culture Centre Alice Springs"
4050:
People of the Merri Merri. The Wurundjeri in Colonial Days
4010:
Bowdler, Sandra. "Human settlement". In Denoon, D. (ed.).
3528:
1804:
are believed to be 110 to 120 metres (360 to 390 ft)
5695:
5461:
5419:
3941:
3676:
1358:
755:
Stone core for making fine blades, Boqer Tachtit, Negev,
4307:
Prehistoric Japan: New perspectives on insular East Asia
3746:"Fossil Teeth Put Humans in Europe Earlier Than Thought"
3275:
3262:
1719:, Czech Republic. It is now in Archeological Institute,
4634:
Aboriginal Melbourne: The Lost Land of the Kulin People
4439:
2612:
culture, and represents the period of overlap between
2116:, from the easternmost Upper Paleolithic culture, the
865:). Such changes may have reduced the supply of usable
4470:. Canberra: Wizard (Lyall Gillespie). pp. 1–25.
3157:
1442:, Ardéche gorge, France. Discovered in December 1994.
1096:
Known archaeological remains in Europe and Africa of
912:
The Upper Paleolithic covered the second half of the
3487:
1688:, China dates from about 27,000 to 10,000 years ago.
1268:
Ornaments and skeletal remains of modern humans, at
1100:: directly dated, calibrated carbon dates as of 2013
944:, forcing human populations into the areas known as
896:
in Europe circa 35,000 BCE, and may be the earliest
550:, in the form of campsites, some with storage pits.
4427:"The Peking Man World Heritage Site at Zhoukoudian"
4330:"Settlers' history rewritten: go back 30,000 years"
3031:'Modern' Behavior Began 40,000 Years Ago In Africa"
2714:(a.k.a. Oranian, Ouchtatian), and Sebilian cultures
1826:, France are painted. Discovered in December, 1994.
903:
3023:
3021:
1216:Oldest-known mining in archaeological record, the
4070:The First Residents of Melbourne's Western Region
1587:is evidence for the first human settlement of an
1546:people) during this time period, as evidenced by
1371:Notational signs in caves, apparently conveying
1183:. This is based on a cave lion skeleton found in
6626:
4660:AusAnthrop Australian Aboriginal tribal database
4653:
4557:
4636:, Harriland Press (1985), Second edition 1994,
3850:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3834:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3606:
3239:"The Caribou/Wild Reindeer as a Human Resource"
3018:
1257:Microlithic artefacts have been excavated from
673:used the same crude stone tools. Archaeologist
27:Subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age
4012:The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders
3493:
3453:
1502:, was occupied by the early upper paleolithic
1132:Numerous Aboriginal stone tools were found in
625:from the end of the LGM, beginning 15 ka. The
4773:
4294:"Prehistoric Archaeological Periods in Japan"
2577:
1562:, stone tools and possible ancient campfires.
1040:As the glaciers receded sea levels rose; the
1012:The Last Glacial Maximum was followed by the
442:
3557:
3256:"The Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition"
3153:
3151:
3107:Contemporary Archaeology in Theory: A Reader
3010:Contemporary Archaeology in Theory: A Reader
1914:Lamp with ibex design, from La Mouthe cave,
1346:
1205:Earliest mathematical artifact, the notched
42:
4459:
4309:University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1996
1998:searched for big game near what is now the
1907:Bird-Headed man with bison and Rhinoceros,
1650:volcano, the last volcanic eruption in the
1083:Prehistoric Europe § Upper Paleolithic
861:(popularly but incorrectly called the last
818:also appear in this period, along with the
644:
605:). The Upper Paleolithic is divided by the
481:) is the third and last subdivision of the
4787:
4780:
4766:
4647:
4603:"Early human fossils unearthed in Ukraine"
4198:
4072:(revised edition), Harriland Press, 1997.
4042:
3245:, Vol. 37, No. 3 (July 1972), pp. 339–368.
2584:
2570:
1286:(Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan).
449:
435:
36:
4600:
4507:"Divers find traces of ancient Americans"
4465:
4240:
4230:
4052:, Merri Creek Management Committee, 2001
3986:
3968:
3879:
3869:
3809:
3791:
3720:
3702:
3635:
3591:
3581:
3459:
3436:
3418:
3366:
3348:
3299:
3190:
3148:
3082:
3072:
3046:
1558:, it was found that the Aboriginals used
4048:Isabel Ellender and Peter Christiansen,
3522:
3466:. Sydney: UNSW Press. pp. 152–153.
2107:
1970:
1863:
1614:
1594:
1406:
1299:
1103:
1091:
978:
907:
876:
750:
691:
460:
4706:
4374:
4347:
3744:Wilford, John Noble (2 November 2011).
3743:
3641:
3600:
2689:(Western Germany, Netherlands, England)
2077:, England, dates from around this year.
1073:, the lost area beneath the North Sea.
14:
6627:
4546:. University of Cambridge. 20 Jan 2016
4287:
4204:
2053:First evidence of human settlement in
1888:, France. Discovered in December 1994.
1451:studies support human presence in the
5951:
5590:
4856:
4761:
4327:
4257:
4109:from the original on 15 February 2023
3761:
3759:
3388:
3386:
3109:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell
1666:, Austria, created. It is now at the
1386:
1335:, oldest depiction of a human being (
963:This period saw cultures such as the
782:included significant developments in
5952:
4601:Carpenter, Jennifer (20 June 2011).
3215:
1480:First evidence of people inhabiting
972:made northern Africa, including the
585:most likely took place before c. 60
4594:
4129:"Red dot becomes 'oldest cave art'"
4017:
4009:
3945:"Oldest cave art found in Sulawesi"
2766:West Asia (including Middle East):
2700:North and west Africa, and Sahara:
2032:Wooden buildings in South America (
2005:Bison, on the ceiling of a cave at
1880:Spotted human hands are painted at
1785:
1640:
1635:
1401:Fishing of pelagic fish species at
1295:
1290:
1251:
1231:Earliest directly dated figurative
1190:
1087:
872:
806:were used to work bone, antler and
740:stone tool technology and possibly
609:(LGM), from about 25 to 15 ka. The
24:
4454:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1987.tb00159.x
4205:ZilhĂŁo, JoĂŁo; et al. (2017).
3756:
3508:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2004.tb00560.x
3383:
2805:South, central and northern Asia:
2394:Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician
1591:and for navigating the open ocean.
1459:) from 35,000 to 39,000 years ago.
1394:Most of the giant vertebrates and
1116:, and discovery of two fossils of
736:The Neanderthals continued to use
519:) are believed to have emerged in
25:
6661:
5904:Megalithic architectural elements
4731:
4468:Aborigines of the Canberra Region
4377:A Very Short History of the World
4350:A Very Short History of the World
3644:Journal of Archaeological Science
3570:Journal of Archaeological Science
3531:Journal of Archaeological Science
2726:Central, south, and east Africa:
1028:to much of northern Europe. The
948:, including modern Italy and the
5591:
4738:The Upper Paleolithic Revolution
4567:Cambridge Archaeological Journal
4533:529, 394–398 (21 January 2016),
4407:from the original on 24 May 2011
4269:Hong Kong Archaeological Society
3283:Cambridge Archaeological Journal
904:Changes in climate and geography
794:rather than simpler and shorter
6523:Evolutionary origin of religion
4700:
4626:
4617:
4519:
4499:
4484:
4433:
4419:
4393:
4368:
4299:
4147:
4121:
4091:
4062:
4024:University of Western Australia
4003:
3935:
3923:
3896:
3826:
3737:
3670:
3316:
1457:Hong Kong International Airport
1431:, rather than by modern humans.
554:blossomed, with cave painting,
4271:. January 2006. Archived from
3248:
3130:
3112:
3099:
3040:
2895:culture (Melbourne, Australia)
1668:Natural History Museum, Vienna
1550:. In an archaeological dig in
1494:Kostenki XVII, a layer of the
1175:The first direct evidence for
541:extinction of the Neanderthals
13:
1:
6136:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
5666:British megalith architecture
4713:Australian Aboriginal Studies
4686:"Aboriginal people and place"
4232:10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00435
3002:
2596:The Upper Paleolithic in the
2293:
2241:
2163:
1605:Musée d'Archéologie Nationale
1331:Early cultural centre in the
6131:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
5671:Nordic megalith architecture
3793:10.1371/journal.pone.0072931
3420:10.1371/journal.pone.0072931
3350:10.1371/journal.pone.0072931
2087:Evidence of a massacre near
2081:
2047:
2026:
1933:
1859:
1812:
1756:
1727:
1715:is created at Petřkovice in
1706:
1692:
1510:
1488:
1398:in Australia became extinct.
1324:, Australia was occupied by
1170:
1126:
997:and Proto Solutrean Cultures
946:Last Glacial Maximum refugia
57:, c. 40,000–35,000 years old
7:
3012:. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
2985:Quaternary extinction event
2927:
2906:culture (Sydney, Australia)
2664:culture in southern Ukraine
2103:
2000:Hovenweep National Monument
1945:Bison, Le Tuc d'Audoubert,
1384:
1313:First human inhabitants in
1276:. These are directly dated.
1187:which has hunting lesions.
1076:
936:, the coldest phase of the
10:
6666:
6279:British Isles and Brittany
6200:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
4375:Blainey, Geoffrey (2004).
4348:Blainey, Geoffrey (2004).
4088:, about 40,000 years ago."
3704:10.1038/s41598-023-42764-0
2880:culture (Perth, Australia)
2855:culture (Northern Vietnam)
2754:culture (Zambia, Tanzania)
2721:culture (Tunisia, Algeria)
1874:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1789:
1565:First human settlement in
1194:
1098:anatomically modern humans
1080:
1016:, a warm and moist global
648:
537:expansion of modern humans
513:Anatomically modern humans
501:, until the advent of the
6481:
6294:
6121:
5968:
5964:
5947:
5833:
5797:
5646:
5603:
5599:
5586:
5393:
5224:
5197:
5122:
5048:
5039:
4944:
4869:
4865:
4857:
4852:
4795:
4654:Dousset, Laurent (2005).
4579:10.1017/S0959774300001086
4466:Gillespie, Lyall (1984).
4334:The Sydney Morning Herald
4084:valley, near present day
4020:"The Pleistocene Pacific"
3664:10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001
3621:10.1017/S0003598X00100134
3551:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006
3301:10.1017/S0959774322000415
3047:Rightmire, G. P. (2009).
2824:East and southeast Asia:
2657:Central and east Europe:
2307:Initial Upper Paleolithic
2114:Venus figurines of Mal'ta
2097:upper paleolithic warfare
1496:Kostenki (Kostyonki) site
1320:During this time period,
1197:Initial Upper Paleolithic
924:data from Antarctica and
93:
83:
72:
62:
35:
6645:Quaternary geochronology
4563:Chippindale, Christopher
4525:M. MirazĂłn Lahr et al.,
2707:culture (Algeria, Libya)
2598:Franco-Cantabrian region
1658:Venus of Dolnà Věstonice
1412:Venus of Dolnà Věstonice
1224:to make the red pigment
776:literature on hunting".
645:Lifestyle and technology
627:Holocene glacial retreat
611:peopling of the Americas
6511:Evolutionary musicology
5914:Oldest extant buildings
5841:Archaeological features
5360:Prepared-core technique
4707:Thorley, Peter (2004).
4328:Macey, Richard (2007).
4176:10.1126/science.1219957
3871:10.1073/pnas.1204213109
3460:Attenbrow, Val (2010).
3074:10.1073/pnas.0903930106
1024:climate period, giving
6473:Unchambered long cairn
6321:Mound Builders culture
5654:Neolithic architecture
4789:Prehistoric technology
4442:Archaeology in Oceania
3970:10.1126/sciadv.abd4648
3496:Archaeology in Oceania
2990:Early human migrations
2124:
1978:
1876:
1786:20,000–10,000 BP
1636:30,000–20,000 BP
1632:
1627:painting found in the
1612:
1536:Aboriginal Australians
1520:tools appear in Japan.
1415:
1347:
1309:
1291:40,000–30,000 BP
1123:
1101:
1088:50,000–40,000 BP
1009:
929:
889:
780:Technological advances
760:
709:
470:
378:Post-classical history
244:Cradle of civilization
76:50,000 to 12,000
49:, a prehistoric ivory
43:
6148:List of Stone Age art
5350:Microblade technology
5298:Langdale axe industry
4896:Ard / plough
4688:. Sydney Barani. 2013
2118:Mal'ta–Buret' culture
2111:
2062:Arlington Springs Man
1976:Reindeer Age articles
1974:
1920:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1867:
1750:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1618:
1609:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1598:
1410:
1303:
1107:
1095:
1026:sub-arctic conditions
982:
956:and areas around the
911:
880:
770:caribou/wild reindeer
754:
695:
583:peopling of Australia
464:
6555:Prehistoric medicine
6550:Prehistoric counting
6533:Prehistoric religion
6528:Paleolithic religion
6506:Behavioral modernity
5863:Causewayed enclosure
5755:Abri de la Madeleine
4879:Neolithic Revolution
4490:Sea level data from
4296:. Charles T. Keally.
3583:10.15184/aqy.2018.11
2955:Behavioral modernity
2935:Last Glacial Maximum
2800:, Athlitian cultures
1798:Last Glacial Maximum
1738:Venus of Brassempouy
1734:Last Glacial Maximum
1698:Start of the second
1684:Human settlement in
1675:Red Lady of Paviland
1603:is preserved in the
1601:Venus of Brassempouy
1339:), beginning of the
1211:Eswatini (Swaziland)
985:Last Glacial Maximum
934:Last Glacial Maximum
786:manufacturing, with
704:, 47,000–40,000 BP.
659:Behavioral modernity
607:Last Glacial Maximum
503:Neolithic Revolution
495:behavioral modernity
216:Behavioral modernity
6594:Prehistoric warfare
5340:Magdalenian culture
5303:Levallois technique
5234:Earliest toolmaking
4539:10.1038/nature16477
4515:. 9 September 2004.
4223:2017Heliy...300435Z
4168:2012Sci...336.1409P
4162:(6087): 1409–1413.
4105:. 27 January 2023.
4030:on 16 February 2008
3961:2021SciA....7.4648B
3862:2012PNAS..10913214D
3856:(33): 13214–13219.
3784:2013PLoSO...872931D
3695:2023NatSR..1316405R
3656:2011JArSc..38.1918L
3543:2008JArSc..35.1566B
3411:2013PLoSO...872931D
3341:2013PLoSO...872931D
3183:10.1038/nature13621
3175:2014Natur.512..306H
3065:2009PNAS..10616046R
3059:(38): 16046–16050.
2071:Creswellian culture
2020:Holocene extinction
1960:St.-Germain-en-Laye
1713:Venus of Petřkovice
1664:Venus of Willendorf
1538:(specifically, the
1337:Venus of Hohle Fels
1014:Allerød oscillation
987:refuges, 20,000 BP.
938:last glacial period
914:Last glacial period
859:last glacial period
499:early modern humans
467:early modern humans
295:Bronze Age collapse
32:
6545:Origin of language
6538:Spiritual drug use
6448:Rectangular dolmen
6350:Dartmoor kistvaens
6163:Carved stone balls
5875:Circular enclosure
5834:Other architecture
5777:Alp pile dwellings
5365:Solutrean industry
5276:Gravettian culture
4926:Secondary products
4744:2009-11-13 at the
3750:The New York Times
3683:Scientific Reports
3243:American Antiquity
3235:Middle Pleistocene
2980:Cultural universal
2687:Ahrensburg culture
2235:Middle Paleolithic
2125:
1979:
1877:
1806:lower than present
1779:Mousterian Pluvial
1777:End of the second
1740:, Grotte du Pape,
1700:Mousterian Pluvial
1633:
1613:
1571:Northern Territory
1548:radiocarbon dating
1525:Mousterian Pluvial
1416:
1368:appear in Germany.
1355:Hohlenstein-Stadel
1353:figure created in
1310:
1237:Leang Bulu' Sipong
1213:, southern Africa.
1185:Seigsdorf, Germany
1145:Mousterian Pluvial
1124:
1114:Levantine corridor
1108:Layer sequence at
1102:
1069:, especially from
1067:marine archaeology
1010:
970:Mousterian Pluvial
930:
894:Upper Palaeolithic
890:
761:
744:technology. These
710:
631:10th millennium BC
615:Bering land bridge
529:Middle Paleolithic
479:Upper Palaeolithic
471:
198:Middle Paleolithic
88:Middle Paleolithic
55:Hohlenstein-Stadel
30:
18:Upper Palaeolithic
6635:Upper Paleolithic
6622:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6567:Prehistoric music
6516:music archaeology
6173:Cup and ring mark
5998:Clothing/textiles
5943:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5385:Yubetsu technique
5370:Striking platform
5335:Lithic technology
5220:
5219:
5205:Game drive system
5124:Projectile points
5016:Mortar and pestle
4477:978-0-9590255-0-7
4386:978-0-14-300559-9
4379:. Penguin Books.
4359:978-0-14-300559-9
4352:. Penguin Books.
4082:Maribyrnong River
4018:Bowdler, Sandra.
3473:978-1-74223-116-7
3169:(7514): 306–309.
3142:Access Excellence
3124:Access Excellence
2919:Central Australia
2846:pre-JĹŤmon ceramic
2594:
2593:
2287:Upper Paleolithic
2157:Lower Paleolithic
2112:Statuette from a
2043:vessels in Japan.
2018:Beginning of the
1900:Hall of Bulls at
1847:-bone village in
1625:woolly rhinoceros
1440:Vallon-Pont-d'Arc
1403:Jerimalai shelter
1280:Denisova hominins
1152:Fa-Hien Lena cave
1150:Occupants of the
1037:cultural period.
954:Iberian Peninsula
759:, circa 40,000 BP
475:Upper Paleolithic
459:
458:
211:Upper Paleolithic
173:Lower Paleolithic
103:
102:
31:Upper Paleolithic
16:(Redirected from
6657:
6582:Divje Babe flute
6489:Archaeoastronomy
6232:Petrosomatoglyph
5966:
5965:
5949:
5948:
5798:Water management
5601:
5600:
5588:
5587:
5491:Denticulate tool
5313:Lithic reduction
5046:
5045:
4867:
4866:
4854:
4853:
4782:
4775:
4768:
4759:
4758:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4666:on April 9, 2011
4662:. Archived from
4651:
4645:
4630:
4624:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4598:
4592:
4590:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4503:
4497:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4437:
4431:
4430:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4323:
4317:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4244:
4234:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4095:
4089:
4066:
4060:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4026:. Archived from
4015:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3990:
3972:
3949:Science Advances
3939:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3907:. Archived from
3900:
3894:
3893:
3883:
3873:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3813:
3795:
3763:
3754:
3753:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3706:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3650:(8): 1918–1930.
3639:
3633:
3632:
3615:(325): 635–648.
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3585:
3576:(362): 289–303.
3561:
3555:
3554:
3537:(6): 1566–1580.
3526:
3520:
3519:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3440:
3422:
3390:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3352:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3303:
3273:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3246:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3194:
3155:
3146:
3145:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3116:
3110:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3076:
3044:
3038:
3030:
3025:
2950:Neolithic Europe
2773:culture (Levant)
2586:
2579:
2572:
2313:Fertile Crescent
2301:
2295:
2249:
2243:
2177:
2168:
2165:
2127:
2126:
2075:Hengistbury Head
1818:Spotted Horses,
1781:in North Africa.
1702:in North Africa.
1646:Eruption of the
1641:29,000–25,000 BP
1619:30,000-year-old
1534:was occupied by
1527:in North Africa.
1498:, on the middle
1390:
1352:
1326:hunter-gatherers
1296:40,000–35,000 BP
1252:43,000–41,000 BP
1191:45,000–43,000 BP
1166:, South Africa).
1147:in North Africa.
1002:
992:
873:Notational signs
698:Ahmarian Culture
675:Richard G. Klein
639:Fertile Crescent
629:begins 11.7 ka (
601:by about 45 ka (
568:social groupings
451:
444:
437:
426:
425:
419:
411:
365:Earliest records
350:Recorded history
151:
150:
144:
133:
126:
105:
104:
48:
40:
33:
29:
21:
6665:
6664:
6660:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6650:Historical eras
6625:
6624:
6623:
6610:
6477:
6463:Stone box grave
6433:Megalithic tomb
6338:Cotswold-Severn
6290:
6195:Guardian stones
6123:Prehistoric art
6117:
5960:
5935:
5924:Timber trackway
5829:
5793:
5789:Wattle and daub
5642:
5621:Standing stones
5595:
5574:
5389:
5216:
5193:
5118:
5035:
4945:Food processing
4940:
4889:New World crops
4861:
4848:
4791:
4786:
4746:Wayback Machine
4734:
4729:
4728:
4718:
4716:
4705:
4701:
4691:
4689:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4652:
4648:
4632:Gary Presland,
4631:
4627:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4599:
4595:
4549:
4547:
4542:
4524:
4520:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4489:
4485:
4478:
4464:
4460:
4438:
4434:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4373:
4369:
4360:
4338:
4336:
4324:
4320:
4305:Keiji Imamura,
4304:
4300:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4275:on 3 March 2009
4263:
4262:
4258:
4203:
4199:
4152:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4112:
4110:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4068:Gary Presland,
4067:
4063:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4031:
4008:
4004:
3955:(3): eabd4648.
3940:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3831:
3827:
3764:
3757:
3742:
3738:
3675:
3671:
3640:
3636:
3605:
3601:
3562:
3558:
3527:
3523:
3492:
3488:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3458:
3454:
3391:
3384:
3321:
3317:
3274:
3263:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3220:
3216:
3156:
3149:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3104:
3100:
3045:
3041:
3028:
3026:
3019:
3005:
3000:
2930:
2862:culture (Japan)
2848:culture (Japan)
2712:Ibero-Maurusian
2606:Châtelperronian
2590:
2553:
2552:
2408:(41,000-37,000)
2388:Châtelperronian
2302:
2291:
2289:
2279:
2278:
2250:
2239:
2237:
2227:
2226:
2197:(1.76–0.13 Ma)
2178:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2106:
2084:
2050:
2029:
1936:
1872:, 15,000 BC, a
1862:
1815:
1794:
1788:
1759:
1730:
1709:
1695:
1643:
1638:
1513:
1504:Spitsyn culture
1491:
1298:
1293:
1284:Altai Mountains
1254:
1199:
1193:
1173:
1129:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1042:English Channel
1008:
1000:
998:
990:
988:
952:, parts of the
906:
875:
848:Solomon Islands
774:anthropological
742:Châtelperronian
731:Venus figurines
700:, Nahal Boqer,
661:
651:Hunter-gatherer
647:
566:. More complex
455:
417:
416:
415:
409:
404:
403:
400:
374:
357:Ancient history
352:
342:
341:
338:
290:
235:
226:Epipalaeolithic
194:
161:
142:
141:
140:
131:
121:
120:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6663:
6653:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6620:
6619:
6616:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6596:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6572:Alligator drum
6564:
6563:
6562:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6508:
6503:
6502:
6501:
6499:lunar calendar
6496:
6485:
6483:
6482:Other cultural
6479:
6478:
6476:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6386:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6353:
6352:
6342:
6341:
6340:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6318:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6300:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6286:Venus figurine
6283:
6282:
6281:
6276:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6249:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6217:Megalithic art
6214:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6175:
6170:
6168:Cave paintings
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6133:
6127:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6051:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6027:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6006:
6005:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5974:
5972:
5970:Material goods
5962:
5961:
5945:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5889:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5848:
5843:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5801:
5799:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5769:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5693:
5688:
5686:Cliff dwelling
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5618:
5613:
5607:
5605:
5597:
5596:
5584:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5405:
5399:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5271:Fire hardening
5268:
5263:
5261:Clovis culture
5258:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5230:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5184:Manis Mastodon
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5128:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5084:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5063:throwing stick
5055:
5049:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4875:
4873:
4863:
4862:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4785:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4749:
4733:
4732:External links
4730:
4727:
4726:
4699:
4677:
4646:
4625:
4616:
4593:
4518:
4498:
4483:
4476:
4458:
4432:
4418:
4392:
4385:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4358:
4345:
4318:
4298:
4286:
4256:
4217:(11): e00435.
4197:
4146:
4135:. 15 June 2012
4120:
4090:
4061:
4041:
4002:
3934:
3922:
3895:
3825:
3755:
3736:
3669:
3634:
3599:
3556:
3521:
3486:
3472:
3452:
3382:
3315:
3261:
3247:
3214:
3147:
3129:
3111:
3098:
3039:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2907:
2896:
2881:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2832:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2785:Emireh culture
2781:
2774:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2690:
2683:
2672:
2665:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2623:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2544:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2495:
2492:Iberomaurusian
2489:
2476:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2450:(15.5–13.1 ka)
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2372:
2371:
2370:(12.2–10.8 ka)
2365:
2364:(14.5–11.5 ka)
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2251:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2135:
2134:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2073:settlement on
2068:
2065:
2058:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2010:
2003:
1993:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1923:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1889:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1842:
1827:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1792:Epipaleolithic
1790:Main article:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1775:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1671:
1661:
1655:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1593:
1592:
1589:oceanic island
1574:
1563:
1556:Western Sydney
1528:
1521:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1465:, Yataghyeri,
1460:
1449:Archaeological
1446:
1443:
1432:
1425:Caves of Nerja
1417:
1399:
1392:
1379:known (proto-)
1369:
1362:
1344:
1329:
1318:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1277:
1266:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1235:of mankind at
1229:
1214:
1203:
1192:
1189:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1158:had developed
1148:
1141:
1128:
1125:
1089:
1086:
1078:
1075:
999:
989:
905:
902:
874:
871:
790:based on fine
727:cave paintings
696:Flint Knives,
646:
643:
619:Epipaleolithic
603:Ust'-Ishim man
597:as far as the
525:archaic humans
457:
456:
454:
453:
446:
439:
431:
428:
427:
422:Holocene epoch
406:
405:
402:
401:
399:
398:
393:
387:
385:
383:Modern history
380:
375:
373:
372:
367:
361:
359:
353:
348:
347:
344:
343:
340:
339:
337:
336:
331:
326:
324:Southeast Asia
321:
316:
311:
305:
303:
298:
291:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
267:
265:
260:
255:
249:
248:
247:
246:
241:
234:
233:
228:
222:
220:
219:
218:
213:
208:
200:
195:
193:
192:
185:
177:
175:
168:
162:
157:
156:
153:
152:
147:Pliocene epoch
128:
127:
114:
113:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
53:discovered in
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6662:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6565:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6521:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6480:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6458:Simple dolmen
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6443:Passage grave
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6390:
6389:Gallery grave
6387:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6351:
6348:
6347:
6346:
6343:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6304:Burial mounds
6302:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6293:
6287:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6264:Statue menhir
6262:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6252:Stone carving
6250:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6184:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6091:Sewing needle
6089:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5950:
5946:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5919:Timber circle
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5876:
5873:
5869:
5868:Tor enclosure
5866:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5857:
5856:fulacht fiadh
5854:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5796:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5589:
5585:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5092:spear-thrower
5090:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5070:Bow and arrow
5068:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5038:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4979:Grinding slab
4977:
4975:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4911:Domestication
4909:
4907:
4906:Digging stick
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4884:Founder crops
4882:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4826:
4825:New Stone Age
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4783:
4778:
4776:
4771:
4769:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4714:
4710:
4703:
4687:
4681:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4642:0-9577004-2-3
4639:
4635:
4629:
4620:
4604:
4597:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4573:(2): 211–48.
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4496:
4493:
4492:main article:
4487:
4479:
4473:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4436:
4429:. 2014-11-14.
4428:
4422:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4388:
4382:
4378:
4371:
4361:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4316:
4315:0-8248-1853-9
4312:
4308:
4302:
4295:
4290:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4078:0-646-33150-7
4075:
4071:
4065:
4059:
4058:0-9577728-0-7
4055:
4051:
4045:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4013:
4006:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3938:
3931:
3926:
3911:on 2016-03-03
3910:
3906:
3899:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3829:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3762:
3760:
3751:
3747:
3740:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3490:
3475:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3405:(9): e72931.
3404:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3387:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3335:(9): e72931.
3334:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3257:
3251:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3227:boreal forest
3224:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3108:
3102:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3035:Science Daily
3032:
3024:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3007:
3006:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2970:Epigravettian
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2920:
2916:
2915:Alice Springs
2912:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2840:Ancient Japan
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:Epigravettian
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2548:
2547:Afontova Gora
2545:
2542:
2541:Mal'ta–Buret'
2539:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2436:Epigravettian
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2013:Younger Dryas
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:Paleo-Indians
1994:
1992:interstadial.
1991:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1953:Paleo-Indians
1951:
1948:
1944:
1942:interstadial.
1941:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1925:Paintings in
1924:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1911:, is painted.
1910:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1870:cave painting
1866:
1855:is inhabited.
1854:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1835:Le Mas-d'Azil
1832:
1831:spear-thrower
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1768:rock shelters
1765:
1761:
1760:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1611:, near Paris.
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1567:Alice Springs
1564:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1165:
1161:
1160:bow and arrow
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:Start of the
1142:
1139:
1136:sediments in
1135:
1131:
1130:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:Younger Dryas
1019:
1015:
1006:
1005:Epigravettian
996:
986:
981:
977:
975:
971:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
901:
899:
898:proto-writing
895:
888:
884:
879:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
834:. Fishing of
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
775:
771:
766:
758:
753:
749:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
707:
706:Israel Museum
703:
699:
694:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:
660:
656:
652:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
599:58th parallel
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:Artistic work
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
468:
465:Expansion of
463:
452:
447:
445:
440:
438:
433:
432:
430:
429:
423:
414:
408:
407:
397:
394:
392:
389:
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381:
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371:
368:
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346:
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335:
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327:
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322:
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312:
310:
307:
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287:
284:
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279:
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274:
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254:
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217:
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186:
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183:
179:
178:
176:
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171:
170:
169:
167:
164:
163:
160:
155:
154:
148:
139:
138:
130:
129:
125:
119:
118:Human history
116:
115:
111:
107:
106:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
46:
39:
34:
19:
6399:wedge-shaped
6384:Funeral pyre
6377:Great dolmen
6333:Chamber tomb
6314:Round barrow
6269:Stone circle
6141:Blombos Cave
6069:Grooved ware
5993:Chalcolithic
5897:Thornborough
5815:Flush toilet
5750:Blombos Cave
5745:Rock shelter
5701:Quiggly hole
5593:Architecture
5568:illustration
5210:Buffalo jump
5031:Storage pits
4994:Aşıklı Höyük
4984:Ground stone
4820:Subdivisions
4717:. Retrieved
4712:
4702:
4690:. Retrieved
4680:
4668:. Retrieved
4664:the original
4659:
4649:
4633:
4628:
4619:
4607:. Retrieved
4596:
4570:
4566:
4548:. Retrieved
4530:
4521:
4510:
4501:
4495:Cosquer cave
4491:
4486:
4467:
4461:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4421:
4409:. Retrieved
4395:
4376:
4370:
4349:
4337:. Retrieved
4333:
4321:
4306:
4301:
4289:
4277:. Retrieved
4273:the original
4259:
4214:
4210:
4200:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4132:
4123:
4111:. Retrieved
4103:Science News
4102:
4093:
4069:
4064:
4049:
4044:
4032:. Retrieved
4028:the original
4011:
4005:
3952:
3948:
3937:
3925:
3913:. Retrieved
3909:the original
3898:
3853:
3849:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3828:
3775:
3771:
3749:
3739:
3689:(1): 16405.
3686:
3682:
3672:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3502:(1): 59–60.
3499:
3495:
3489:
3477:. Retrieved
3462:
3455:
3402:
3398:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3287:
3281:
3250:
3242:
3222:
3217:
3166:
3162:
3141:
3132:
3123:
3114:
3106:
3101:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3034:
3009:
2995:Dean R. Snow
2960:Cro-Magnon 1
2836:JĹŤmon period
2619:Homo sapiens
2617:
2614:Neanderthals
2595:
2532:
2477:
2456:(14–12.8 ka)
2390:(44.5–36 ka)
2373:
2352:(18–12.5 ka)
2311:
2286:
2221:(400–220 ka)
2215:(424–400 ka)
2209:(500–130 ka)
2191:(2.6–1.7 Ma)
2145:
2089:Lake Turkana
1975:
1966:
1965:
1927:Cosquer Cave
1892:Oldest Dryas
1829:Ibex-headed
1805:
1679:tribal chief
1629:Chauvet Cave
1573:, Australia.
1530:The area of
1518:ground stone
1453:Chek Lap Kok
1436:Chauvet Cave
1429:Neanderthals
1419:Examples of
1333:Swabian Alps
1308:, ~35,000 BC
1304:Bone flute,
1282:live in the
1218:Ngwenya Mine
1207:Lebombo bone
1177:Neanderthals
1174:
1119:Homo sapiens
1117:
1039:
1018:interstadial
1011:
962:
931:
891:
887:Lunar months
852:
778:
762:
735:
711:
685:, Africa or
671:Neanderthals
666:Homo erectus
664:
662:
580:
564:South Africa
560:Blombos cave
545:
517:Homo sapiens
516:
511:
478:
474:
472:
418:
396:Contemporary
370:Protohistory
293:
253:Protohistory
210:
205:Homo sapiens
204:
189:Homo erectus
187:
180:
143:
136:
6640:Pleistocene
6421:unchambered
6416:Long barrow
6406:Grave goods
6362:Court cairn
6357:Clava cairn
6309:Bowl barrow
6247:Rock cupule
6190:Golden hats
6183:Hill figure
6084:Unstan ware
6064:Cord-marked
5929:Sweet Track
5851:Burnt mound
5772:Stilt house
5760:Sibudu Cave
5553:Tally stick
5521:Quern-stone
5506:Hammerstone
5496:Fire plough
5467:Pesse canoe
5425:Bannerstone
5395:Other tools
5308:Lithic core
5256:Aurignacian
5144:Bare Island
5026:Quern-stone
4559:Taçon, Paul
4139:27 November
4113:15 February
4034:26 February
3593:11336/81248
3159:Higham, Tom
3037:, July 1998
2965:Aurignacian
2909:30,000 BP,
2898:30,000 BP,
2889:Boonwurrung
2883:35,000 BP,
2872:40,000 BP,
2851:10,000 BP,
2844:12,000 BP,
2834:16,000 BP,
2827:30,000 BP,
2815:11,000 BP,
2808:30,000 BP,
2796:12,000 BP,
2791:Aurignacian
2789:20,000 BP,
2783:30,000 BP,
2776:40,000 BP,
2769:50,000 BP,
2750:11,000 BP,
2743:12,000 BP,
2736:30,000 BP,
2729:50,000 BP,
2717:10,000 BP,
2710:12,000 BP,
2703:32,000 BP,
2692:12,000 BP,
2685:13,000 BP,
2680:Aurignacian
2674:22,000 BP,
2667:30,000 BP,
2660:33,000 BP,
2652:Magdalenian
2631:PĂ©rigordian
2627:Aurignacian
2454:Federmesser
2442:Magdalenian
2412:PĂ©rigordian
2400:Aurignacian
2338:Aurignacian
2332:Baradostian
2275:(130–10 ka)
2269:(130–70 ka)
2263:(145–20 ka)
2257:(160–40 ka)
2132:Paleolithic
1983:Older Dryas
1742:Brassempouy
1652:Carpathians
1523:End of the
1383:in history
1349:Löwenmensch
1341:Aurignacian
1306:Aurignacian
1263:West Bengal
1164:Sibudu Cave
1138:Castlereagh
855:temperature
832:eyed needle
810:. Advanced
715:Cro-Magnons
655:Aurignacian
556:petroglyphs
548:settlements
507:agriculture
483:Paleolithic
469:from Africa
334:West Africa
94:Followed by
84:Preceded by
45:Löwenmensch
6629:Categories
6560:trepanning
6453:Ring cairn
6411:Jar burial
6394:transepted
6326:U.S. sites
6227:Petroglyph
6153:Bird stone
6111:wine press
5784:Stone roof
5767:Roundhouse
5659:long house
5636:Stonehenge
5604:Ceremonial
5548:Stone tool
5375:Tool stone
5345:Metallurgy
5249:Mousterian
5226:Toolmaking
5164:Cumberland
5137:Transverse
5107:Schöningen
4999:Qesem cave
4967:Earth oven
4921:Irrigation
4832:Technology
4800:Prehistory
3915:2016-02-05
3192:1885/75138
3003:References
2940:Mesolithic
2893:Wathaurong
2885:Wurundjeri
2858:9,000 BP,
2853:Hoabinhian
2838:starts in
2817:Khandivili
2771:Jabroudian
2757:9,000 BP,
2738:Stillbayan
2731:Fauresmith
2662:Gravettian
2638:Gravettian
2610:Mousterian
2560:Mesolithic
2549:(21–12 ka}
2543:(24–15 ka)
2517:(15–11 ka)
2511:(15—11 ka)
2505:(22–14 ka)
2494:(25–11 ka)
2488:(42–18 ka)
2468:(13–12 ka)
2466:Ahrensburg
2462:(14–10 ka)
2444:(17–12 ka)
2438:(20–10 ka)
2432:(22–17 ka)
2426:(29–25 ka)
2420:(33–24 ka)
2418:Gravettian
2414:(35–20 ka)
2402:(43–26 ka)
2396:(43–32 ka)
2384:(48–40 ka)
2382:Bohunician
2356:Trialetian
2346:(20–10 ka)
2340:(35–29 ka)
2334:(36–18 ka)
2328:(46–42 ka)
2322:(50–40 ka)
2255:Mousterian
2213:Clactonian
2167: 3.3
2095:indicates
1882:Pech Merle
1820:Pech Merle
1802:sea levels
1552:Parramatta
1475:Azerbaijan
1455:area (now
1373:calendaric
1364:The first
1361:, Germany.
1195:See also:
1181:cave lions
1081:See also:
1071:Doggerland
1035:Mesolithic
830:, and the
788:industries
784:flint tool
738:Mousterian
649:See also:
623:Mesolithic
319:South Asia
281:South Asia
263:Bronze Age
258:Copper Age
231:Mesolithic
159:Prehistory
124:prehistory
98:Mesolithic
6604:symbolism
6468:Tor cairn
6426:Grønsalen
6367:Cremation
6259:Sculpture
6237:Pictogram
6222:Petroform
6042:amber use
6010:Cosmetics
5820:Reservoir
5805:Check dam
5735:Pueblitos
5730:Pit-house
5713:Longhouse
5647:Dwellings
5516:Microlith
5447:Bow drill
5442:Bone tool
5435:prismatic
5244:Acheulean
5159:Cresswell
5132:Arrowhead
5058:Boomerang
4974:Granaries
4936:Terracing
4815:Stone Age
4670:27 August
4587:162983574
4279:21 August
4016:Cited in
3979:2375-2548
3802:1932-6203
3713:2045-2322
3629:162438490
3609:Antiquity
3429:1932-6203
3359:1932-6203
3310:255723053
3209:205239973
2945:Neolithic
2913:culture (
2869:Oceania:
2759:Wiltonian
2745:Lupembian
2676:Pavlovian
2669:Szeletian
2645:Solutrean
2529:(10–8 ka)
2523:(15–5 ka)
2498:Mushabian
2486:Khormusan
2474:(11–8 ka)
2472:Swiderian
2430:Solutrean
2424:Pavlovian
2406:Szeletian
2358:(16–8 ka)
2267:Micoquien
2201:Madrasian
2195:Acheulean
2082:10,000 BP
2055:Argentina
2048:11,000 BP
2027:12,000 BP
1967:14,000 BP
1949:, France.
1934:15,000 BP
1860:17,000 BP
1849:Mezhyrich
1813:18,000 BP
1757:21,000 BP
1728:22,000 BP
1707:23,000 BP
1693:24,000 BP
1621:cave lion
1577:Kilu Cave
1511:30,000 BP
1500:Don River
1489:35,000 BP
1473:caves in
1396:megafauna
1377:the first
1322:Melbourne
1270:Ksar Akil
1245:Indonesia
1171:48,000 BP
1156:Sri Lanka
1127:50,000 BP
1110:Ksar Akil
1050:North Sea
1046:Irish Sea
1030:Preboreal
995:Solutrean
983:European
965:Solutrean
958:Black Sea
942:ice-sheet
926:Greenland
820:fish hook
576:ethnicity
533:artefacts
487:Stone Age
329:East Asia
314:Near East
286:East Asia
276:Near East
239:Neolithic
166:Stone Age
67:Stone Age
51:sculpture
6242:Rock art
6205:painting
6178:Geoglyph
6003:timeline
5983:Beadwork
5723:Mehrgarh
5718:Mudbrick
5626:megalith
5501:Fire-saw
5323:debitage
5318:analysis
5286:Hand axe
5266:Cupstone
4844:Glossary
4805:Timeline
4742:Archived
4512:NBC News
4448:: 9–22,
4405:Archived
4251:29188235
4184:22700921
4133:BBC News
4107:Archived
3997:33523879
3890:22847420
3820:24039825
3778:(9): 6.
3772:PLOS ONE
3731:37828055
3722:10570355
3516:40387277
3447:24039825
3399:PLOS ONE
3377:24039825
3329:PLOS ONE
3201:25143113
3093:19581595
2928:See also
2911:Arrernte
2829:Sen-Doki
2798:Kebarian
2778:Amoudian
2752:Magosian
2682:cultures
2527:Magosian
2515:Sebilian
2368:Khiamian
2362:Natufian
2326:Ahmarian
2219:Mugharan
2203:(1.5 Ma)
2185:(3.3 Ma)
2140:Pliocene
2104:Cultures
2015:stadial.
2007:Altamira
1916:Dordogne
1886:Dordogne
1868:Lascaux
1824:Dordogne
1772:rock art
1764:Canberra
1631:, France
1585:Solomons
1560:charcoal
1421:cave art
1405:, Timor.
1265:, India.
1241:Sulawesi
1233:cave art
1222:hematite
1179:hunting
1077:Timeline
1057:and the
1055:Adriatic
922:Ice core
918:Holocene
824:oil lamp
816:harpoons
804:racloirs
679:hominids
491:Holocene
301:Iron Age
110:a series
108:Part of
6599:Symbols
6210:pigment
6096:Weaving
6059:Cardium
6054:Pottery
6049:Mirrors
6037:Jewelry
5978:Baskets
5958:culture
5810:Cistern
5616:Pyramid
5558:Weapons
5536:Scraper
5526:Racloir
5486:Cleaver
5474:Chopper
5380:Uniface
5291:Grooves
5281:Hafting
5239:Oldowan
5198:Systems
5149:Cascade
5112:woomera
5102:harpoon
5075:history
5041:Hunting
5021:Pottery
4962:Cooking
4871:Farming
4837:history
4810:Outline
4719:18 June
4656:"Daruk"
4609:21 June
4242:5696381
4219:Bibcode
4211:Heliyon
4192:7807664
4164:Bibcode
4156:Science
3988:7806210
3957:Bibcode
3881:3421171
3858:Bibcode
3811:3770606
3780:Bibcode
3691:Bibcode
3652:Bibcode
3539:Bibcode
3438:3770606
3407:Bibcode
3368:3770606
3337:Bibcode
3171:Bibcode
3084:2752549
3061:Bibcode
2878:Noongar
2874:Whadjuk
2831:culture
2819:culture
2812:culture
2793:culture
2780:culture
2761:culture
2747:culture
2740:culture
2733:culture
2719:Capsian
2705:Aterian
2671:culture
2534:Siberia
2521:Eburran
2460:Azilian
2448:Hamburg
2350:Kebaran
2344:Zarzian
2273:Sangoan
2261:Aterian
2244:300–50
2207:Soanian
2189:Oldowan
2183:Lomekwi
2144:before
2122:Siberia
2041:pottery
1990:Allerød
1986:stadial
1940:Bølling
1909:Lascaux
1902:Lascaux
1895:stadial
1853:Ukraine
1845:Mammoth
1833:, from
1800:. Mean
1717:Ostrava
1686:Beijing
1583:in the
1471:Taghlar
1467:Damjili
1381:writing
1274:Lebanon
1112:in the
1063:5500 BC
1007:Culture
950:Balkans
883:Lascaux
881:Art of
863:ice age
836:pelagic
637:in the
635:farming
595:Siberia
527:of the
485:or Old
135:before
6577:flutes
6372:Dolmen
6296:Burial
6106:winery
6079:Linear
5909:Midden
5887:Cursus
5880:Goseck
5740:Pueblo
5691:Dugout
5676:Burdei
5355:Mining
5179:Lamoka
5174:Folsom
5154:Clovis
5011:Metate
4989:Hearth
4957:Basket
4931:Sickle
4692:5 July
4640:
4585:
4550:20 Mar
4531:Nature
4474:
4411:30 May
4383:
4356:
4339:5 July
4313:
4249:
4239:
4190:
4182:
4086:Keilor
4076:
4056:
3995:
3985:
3977:
3888:
3878:
3818:
3808:
3800:
3729:
3719:
3711:
3627:
3514:
3479:11 Nov
3470:
3445:
3435:
3427:
3375:
3365:
3357:
3308:
3231:tundra
3207:
3199:
3163:Nature
3091:
3081:
2975:Sungir
2810:Angara
2503:Halfan
2479:Africa
2375:Europe
2320:Emiran
2296:50–12
2290:
2238:
2172:– 300
2160:
2039:First
1947:Ariège
1884:cave,
1839:Ariège
1822:cave,
1746:Landes
1648:Ciomad
1544:Dharug
1532:Sydney
1516:First
1366:flutes
1134:gravel
1059:Aegean
1003:
1001:
993:
991:
974:Sahara
867:timber
822:, the
800:Burins
796:flakes
792:blades
757:Israel
723:antler
702:Israel
687:Europe
657:, and
591:Europe
521:Africa
515:(i.e.
413:Future
309:Europe
271:Europe
203:Early
63:Period
6494:sites
6438:Mummy
6158:Cairn
6074:JĹŤmon
6025:shoes
6020:Hides
5892:Henge
5846:Broch
5708:Jacal
5563:Wheel
5511:Knife
5457:Canoe
5452:Burin
5430:Blade
5328:flake
5189:Plano
5097:baton
5087:Spear
5053:Arrow
5006:Manos
4859:Tools
4605:. BBC
4583:S2CID
4188:S2CID
3625:S2CID
3512:JSTOR
3306:S2CID
3290:(3):
3205:S2CID
2904:Darug
2860:JĹŤmon
2509:Qadan
2093:Kenya
2034:Chile
1482:Japan
1387:above
1385:(see
1315:Perth
1226:ochre
840:Timor
812:darts
808:hides
765:herds
746:tools
719:ivory
663:Both
391:Early
73:Dates
6587:gudi
6345:Cist
6274:list
6101:Wine
6030:Ă–tzi
6015:Glue
5988:Beds
5956:and
5954:Arts
5825:Well
5681:Cave
5611:Kiva
5541:side
5531:Rope
5479:tool
5413:bone
5403:Adze
5169:Eden
5082:Nets
4952:Fire
4916:Goad
4901:Celt
4721:2011
4694:2014
4672:2012
4638:ISBN
4611:2011
4552:2017
4472:ISBN
4413:2011
4381:ISBN
4354:ISBN
4341:2014
4311:ISBN
4281:2010
4247:PMID
4180:PMID
4141:2022
4115:2023
4074:ISBN
4054:ISBN
4036:2008
3993:PMID
3975:ISSN
3886:PMID
3816:PMID
3798:ISSN
3727:PMID
3709:ISSN
3481:2013
3468:ISBN
3443:PMID
3425:ISSN
3373:PMID
3355:ISSN
3292:1–19
3229:and
3197:PMID
3089:PMID
2902:and
2900:Eora
2891:and
2876:and
2650:The
2643:The
2636:The
2625:The
2616:and
2604:The
2146:Homo
2130:The
2060:The
1721:Brno
1673:The
1623:and
1599:The
1581:Buka
1542:and
1540:Eora
1469:and
1259:Kana
1048:and
844:Buka
842:and
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