Unmanned aerial vehicle

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robotics industry is expected to make progress. Agricultural drones have been used to help build sustainable agriculture all over the world leading to a new generation of agriculture. In this context, there is a proliferation of innovations in both tools and methodologies which allow precise description of vegetation state and also may help to precisely distribute nutrients, pesticides or seeds over a field.

40: 2566:. Since 2010, Chinese drone companies have begun to export large quantities of drones to the global military market. Of the 18 countries that are known to have received military drones between 2010 and 2019, the top 12 all purchased their drones from China. The shift accelerated in the 2020s due to China's advancement in drone technologies and manufacturing, compounded by market demand from the 1199: 2077: 3018:(C-UAS) technologies. Automatic tracking and detection of UAVs from commercial cameras have become accurate thanks to the development of deep learning based machine learning algorithms. It is also possible to automatically identify UAVs across different cameras with different view points and hardware specification with re-identification methods. Commercial systems such as the Aaronia 135:, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs were originally developed through the twentieth century for military missions too "dull, dirty or dangerous" for humans, and by the twenty-first, they had become essential assets to most militaries. As control technologies improved and costs fell, their use expanded to many non-military applications. These include 2685:. These civilian DJI drones were sourced by governments, hobbyists, international donations to Ukraine and Russia to support each side on the battlefield, and were often flown by drone hobbyists recruited by the armed forces. The prevalence of DJI drones was attributable to their market dominance, affordability, high performance, and reliability. 292:). Many similar terms are in use. Under new regulations which came into effect 1 June 2019, the term RPAS has been adopted by the Canadian Government to mean "a set of configurable elements consisting of a remotely piloted aircraft, its control station, the command and control links and any other system elements required during flight operation". 198:. The term remains in common use. In addition to the software, autonomous drones also employ a host of advanced technologies that allow them to carry out their missions without human intervention, such as cloud computing, computer vision, artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and thermal sensors. For recreational uses, an 1509:. The energy density of modern Li-Po batteries is far less than gasoline or hydrogen. However electric motors are cheaper, lighter and quieter. Complex multi-engine, multi-propeller installations are under development with the goal of improving aerodynamic and propulsive efficiency. For such complex power installations, 1374:, the global military uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) market, which forms a significant part of the UAV industry, is projected to experience a compound annual growth rate of 4.8% over the next decade. This represents a near doubling in market size, from $ 12.5 billion in 2024 to an estimated $ 20 billion by 2034. 2734:

UASs or UAVs offer the great advantage for environmental monitoring to generate a new generation of survey at very-high or ultra-high resolution both in space and time. This gives the opportunity to bridge the existing gap between satellite data and field monitoring. This has stimulated a huge number

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In the early 2010s, Israeli companies mainly focus on small surveillance UAV systems, and by the number of drones, Israel exported 60.7% (2014) of UAVs on the market while the United States exported 23.9% (2014). Between 2010 and 2014, there were 439 drones exchanged compared to 322 in the five years

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Due to the open-source nature of UAV software, they can be customized to fit specific applications. For example, researchers from the Technical University of Košice have replaced the default control algorithm of the PX4 autopilot. This flexibility and collaborative effort has led to a large number of

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remain in use for drones requiring long range. However, for shorter-range missions electric power has almost entirely taken over. The distance record for a UAV (built from balsa wood and mylar skin) across the North Atlantic Ocean is held by a gasoline model airplane or UAV. Manard Hill "in 2003 when

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UAVs can threaten airspace security in numerous ways, including unintentional collisions or other interference with other aircraft, deliberate attacks or by distracting pilots or flight controllers. The first incident of a drone-airplane collision occurred in mid-October 2017 in Quebec City, Canada.

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Drones could also be classified based on the degree of autonomy in their flight operations. ICAO classifies unmanned aircraft as either remotely piloted aircraft or fully autonomous. Some UAVs offer intermediate degrees of autonomy. For example, a vehicle may be remotely piloted in most contexts but

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Drones are ideally suited to capturing aerial shots in photography and cinematography, and are widely used for this purpose. Small drones avoid the need for precise coordination between pilot and cameraman, with the same person taking on both roles. Big drones with professional cine cameras usually

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The civil UAV market is relatively new compared to the military one. Companies are emerging in both developed and developing nations at the same time. Many early-stage startups have received support and funding from investors, as is the case in the United States, and from government agencies, as is

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military drone (at a late stage of development) is such that traversing the first turbulent twelve miles of atmosphere is a hazardous endeavor. It has, however, remained on station at 65,000 feet for 24 hours. Airbus' Zephyr in 2023 has attained 70,000 feet and flown for 64 days; 200 days aimed at.

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used UAVs as decoys to spur opposing forces into wasting expensive anti-aircraft missiles. After the 1973 Yom Kippur war, a few key people from the team that developed this early UAV joined a small startup company that aimed to develop UAVs into a commercial product, eventually purchased by Tadiran

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serves a crucial purpose in the regulation and operation of drones. The label is a verification mechanism designed to confirm that drones within a specific class meet the rigorous standards set by administrations for design and manufacturing. These standards are necessary to ensure the safety and

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alone had 74% of the civil market share in 2018, with no other company accounting for more than 5%. The companies continue to hold over 70% of global market share by 2023, despite under increasing scrutinies and sanctions from the United States. The US Interior Department grounded its fleet of DJI

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In recent years, autonomous drones have begun to transform various application areas as they can fly beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) while maximizing production, reducing costs and risks, ensuring site safety, security and regulatory compliance, and protecting the human workforce in times of a

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Such developments have occurred despite the difficulties. As J. Rogers stated in a 2017 interview to A&T, "There is a big debate out there at the moment about what the best way is to counter these small UAVs, whether they are used by hobbyists causing a bit of a nuisance or in a more sinister

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The interest in UAVs cybersecurity has been raised greatly after the Predator UAV video stream hijacking incident in 2009, where Islamic militants used cheap, off-the-shelf equipment to stream video feeds from a UAV. Another risk is the possibility of hijacking or jamming a UAV in flight. Several

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The software running on a UAV is called the autopilot or the flight stack. The purpose of the flight stack is to fly the mission autonomously or with remote-pilot input. An autopilot achieves this by obtaining data from sensors, controlling the motors to make progress along a path, and facilitate

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is also less of a critical requirement for unmanned aircraft, allowing the designer greater freedom to experiment. Instead, UAVs are typically designed around their onboard payloads and their ground equipment. These factors have led to a great variety of airframe and motor configurations in UAVs.

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Perks, Matthew T.; Dal Sasso, Silvano Fortunato; Hauet, Alexandre; Jamieson, Elizabeth; Le Coz, Jérôme; Pearce, Sophie; Peña-Haro, Salvador; Pizarro, Alonso; Strelnikova, Dariia; Tauro, Flavia; Bomhof, James; Grimaldi, Salvatore; Goulet, Alain; Hortobágyi, Borbála; Jodeau, Magali (8 July 2020).

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for artistic and advertising purposes with the main benefits are that they are safer, quieter and better for the environment than fireworks. They can replace or be an adjunct for fireworks displays to reduce the financial burden of festivals. In addition they can complement fireworks due to the

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In 2024 EASA agreed on the first certification basis for a UAV flight controller in compliance with the ETSO-C198 for Embention's autopilot. The certification of the UAV flight control systems aims to facilitate the integration of UAVs within the airspace and the operation of drones in critical

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Many UAVs have been loaded with dangerous payloads, and/or crashed into targets. Payloads have included or could include explosives, chemical, radiological or biological hazards. UAVs with generally non-lethal payloads could possibly be hacked and put to malicious purposes. Counter-UAV systems

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As global demand for food production grows exponentially, resources are depleted, farmland is reduced, and agricultural labor is increasingly in short supply, there is an urgent need for more convenient and smarter agricultural solutions than traditional methods, and the agricultural drone and

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By providing this assurance to customers, the Class Identification Label helps to increase confidence in drone technology and encourages wider adoption across industries. This, in turn, contributes to the growth and development of the drone industry and supports the integration of drones into

903:'s "Aerial Target" in 1916. Low confirmed that Geoffrey de Havilland's monoplane was the one that flew under control on 21 March 1917 using his radio system. Following this successful demonstration in the spring of 1917 Low was transferred to develop aircraft controlled fast motor launches 1190:, resulting in no pilots downed. In Israel in 1987, UAVs were first used as proof-of-concept of super-agility, post-stall controlled flight in combat-flight simulations that involved tailless, stealth-technology-based, three-dimensional thrust vectoring flight-control, and jet-steering. 4998:

During the Yom Kippur War the Israelis used Teledyne Ryan 124 R RPVs along with the home-grown Scout and Mastiff UAVs for reconnaissance, surveillance, and as decoys to draw fire from Arab SAMs. This resulted in Arab forces expending costly and scarce missiles on inappropriate targets

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UAVs can be designed in different configurations than manned aircraft both because there is no need for a cockpit and its windows, and there is no need to optimize for human comfort, although some UAVs are adapted from piloted examples, or are designed for optionally piloted modes.

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Manfreda, Salvatore; McCabe, Matthew; Miller, Pauline; Lucas, Richard; Pajuelo Madrigal, Victor; Mallinis, Giorgos; Ben Dor, Eyal; Helman, David; Estes, Lyndon; Ciraolo, Giuseppe; Müllerová, Jana; Tauro, Flavia; de Lima, M.; de Lima, João; Maltese, Antonino (20 April 2018).

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have a drone pilot and a camera operator who controls camera angle and lens. For example, the AERIGON cinema drone which is used in film production in big blockbuster movies is operated by 2 people. Drones provide access to dangerous, remote or otherwise inaccessible sites.

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Consumer drones are widely used by police and military organizations worldwide because of the cost-effective nature of consumer products. Since 2018, the Israeli military have used DJI UAVs for light reconnaissance missions. DJI drones have been used by Chinese police in

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have an autonomous return-to-base operation. Some aircraft types may optionally fly manned or as UAVs, which may include manned aircraft transformed into manned or Optionally Piloted UAVs (OPVs). The flight of UAVs may operate under remote control by a human operator, as

1402:. Some UAVs carry payloads (such as a camera) that weigh considerably less than an adult human, and as a result, can be considerably smaller. Though they carry heavy payloads, weaponized military UAVs are lighter than their crewed counterparts with comparable armaments. 6675: 3022:

have been installed on major international airports. Once a UAV is detected, it can be countered with kinetic force (missiles, projectiles or another UAV) or by non-kinetic force (laser, microwaves, communications jamming). Anti-aircraft missile systems such as the

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As of 2020, seventeen countries have armed UAVs, and more than 100 countries use UAVs in a military capacity. The first five countries producing domestic UAV designs are the United States, China, Israel, Iran and Turkey. Top military UAV manufactures are including

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are used in many large UAVs. Their engine rotors cannot seize; the engine is not susceptible to shock-cooling during descent and it does not require an enriched fuel mixture for cooling at high power. These attributes reduce fuel usage, increasing range or payload.

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An emerging technology, hydrogen fuel cells offer the potential for longer flight times with zero emissions, though the technology is still developing for widespread UAV use. The high energy density of hydrogen makes it a promising option for future UAV propulsion

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Drones are increasingly finding their application in humanitarian aid and disaster relief, where they are used for a wide range of applications such as delivering food, medicine and essential items to remote areas or image mapping before and following disasters

1276:. By 2013 at least 50 countries used UAVs. China, Iran, Israel, Pakistan, Turkey, and others designed and built their own varieties. The use of drones has continued to increase. Due to their wide proliferation, no comprehensive list of UAV systems exists. 744:

Combining electric and fuel power sources, hybrid UAVs aim to balance the benefits of both systems for improved performance and efficiency. This configuration could allow for versatility in mission profiles and adaptability to different operational

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design has become popular, though this layout is rarely used for crewed aircraft. Miniaturization means that less-powerful propulsion technologies can be used that are not feasible for crewed aircraft, such as small electric motors and batteries.

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Equipped with solar panels, these UAVs can potentially achieve extended flight times by harnessing solar energy, especially at high altitudes. Solar-powered UAVs may be particularly suited for long-endurance missions and environmental monitoring

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Another application for a high endurance UAV would be to "stare" at a battlefield for a long interval (ARGUS-IS, Gorgon Stare, Integrated Sensor Is Structure) to record events that could then be played backwards to track battlefield activities.

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Solar-powered atmospheric satellites ("atmosats") designed for operating at altitudes exceeding 20 km (12 miles, or 60,000 feet) for as long as five years could potentially perform duties more economically and with more versatility than

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cameras, which successfully returned photos from across the Suez Canal. This was the first time that tactical UAVs that could be launched and landed on any short runway (unlike the heavier jet-based UAVs) were developed and tested in battle.

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features, such as transverse, radial, and longitudinal cracks, ridges, scarps, and surfaces of rupture, even in inaccessible areas of the sliding mass. Moreover, processing the optical images captured by UAVs also allows for the creation of

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While nuclear power has been explored for larger aircraft, its application in UAVs remains largely theoretical due to safety concerns and regulatory challenges. Research in this area is ongoing but faces significant hurdles before practical

2921:, stating that "I hope this incident helps create a conversation of respect for nature, the airspace, and rules and regulations". Unauthorized UAV flights into or near major airports have prompted extended shutdowns of commercial flights. 230:

is unclear, UAVs may or may not include remote-controlled model aircraft. Some jurisdictions base their definition on size or weight; however, the US FAA defines any unmanned flying craft as a UAV regardless of size. A similar term is

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UAVs can be programmed to perform aggressive maneuvers or landing/perching on inclined surfaces, and then to climb toward better communication spots. Some UAVs can control flight with varying flight modelisation, such as VTOL designs.

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security researchers have made public some vulnerabilities in commercial UAVs, in some cases even providing full source code or tools to reproduce their attacks. At a workshop on UAVs and privacy in October 2016, researchers from the

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Utilizing traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel, these UAVs often have longer flight times but may be noisier and require more maintenance. They are typically used for applications requiring extended endurance or heavy payload

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Organisciak, Daniel; Poyser, Matthew; Alsehaim, Aishah; Hu, Shanfeng; Isaac-Medina, Brian K. S.; Breckon, Toby P.; Shum, Hubert P. H. (2022). "UAV-ReID: A Benchmark on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Re-identification in Video Imagery".

2665:, of which 42% were categorized as commercial and 58% as recreational. 2018 NPD point to consumers increasingly purchasing drones with more advanced features with 33 percent growth in both the $ 500+ and $ 1000+ market segments. 272:(SESAR Joint Undertaking) roadmap for 2020. This term emphasizes the importance of elements other than the aircraft. It includes elements such as ground control stations, data links and other support equipment. Similar terms are 1417:

Control systems for UAVs are often different from crewed craft. For remote human control, a camera and video link almost always replace the cockpit windows; radio-transmitted digital commands replace physical cockpit controls.

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began exploring the use of drone technology as far back as 2005, which resulted in a 2011 report. France was among the first countries to set a national framework based on this report and larger aviation bodies such as the

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Position and movement sensors give information about the aircraft state. Exteroceptive sensors deal with external information like distance measurements, while exproprioceptive ones correlate internal and external states.

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Modern networking standards have explicitly considered drones and therefore include optimizations. The 5G standard has mandated reduced user plane latency to 1ms while using ultra-reliable and low-latency communications.

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In the United States, flying close to a wildfire is punishable by a maximum $ 25,000 fine. Nonetheless, in 2014 and 2015, firefighting air support in California was hindered on several occasions, including at the

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to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload". UAV is a term that is commonly applied to military use cases.

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These UAVs use rechargeable batteries, offering quiet operation and lower maintenance but potentially limited flight times. The reduced noise levels make them suitable for urban environments and sensitive

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Miniaturization is also supporting the development of small UAVs which can be used as individual system or in a fleet offering the possibility to survey large areas, in a relatively small amount of time.

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the case in India. Some universities offer research and training programs or degrees. Private entities also provide online and in-person training programs for both recreational and commercial UAV use.

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battlefield videos and the known military capabilities of the two warring sides suggest Azerbaijan has the technological advantage, especially with its combat drones purchased from Israel and Turkey.

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previous to that, among these only small fraction of overall trade – just 11 (2.5%) of the 439 are armed drones. The US alone operated over 9,000 military UAVs in 2014; among them more than 7000 are

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is used by some drones. This type offers high power output for lower weight, with quieter and more vibration-free running. Claims have also been made for improved reliability and greater range.

8089: 5431: 867:. At least one bomb fell in the city; however, due to the wind changing after launch, most of the balloons missed their target, and some drifted back over Austrian lines and the launching ship 8588:

Barbizan Sühs, R.; Ziller, S. R.; Dechoum, M. (2023). "Is the use of drones cost-effective and efficient in detecting invasive alien trees? A case study from a subtropical coastal ecosystem".

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systems that require high-frequency to changing sensor data. As a result, UAVs rely on single-board computers for their computational needs. Examples of such single-board computers include

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and toys, however the use of UAVs in commercial and general aviation is limited by a lack of autonomy and by new regulatory environments which require line-of-sight contact with the pilot.

10205: 1363:. As a UAV, Dragonfly allows examination of potentially diverse types of soil. The drone is set to launch in 2027, and is estimated to take seven more years to reach the Saturnian system. 2940:. In response, California legislators introduced a bill that would allow firefighters to disable UAVs which invaded restricted airspace. The FAA later required registration of most UAVs. 1904:. Downstream digital video over mobile networks has also entered consumer markets, while direct UAV control uplink over the cellular mesh and LTE have been demonstrated and are in trials. 819:

Last preparations before the first tactical UAV mission across the Suez canal (1969). Standing: Major Shabtai Brill from the Israeli intelligence corps, the innovator of the tactical UAV.

7552: 5490: 2555:. China has established and expanded its presence in military UAV market since 2010. In the early 2020s, Turkey also established and expanded its presence in the military UAV market. 1571:

typically incorporate a primary microprocessor, a secondary or failsafe processor, and sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, and barometers into a single module.

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The development of smart technologies and improved electrical-power systems led to a parallel increase in the use of drones for consumer and general aviation activities. As of 2021,

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Reddy, C. Sudhakar; Kurian, Ayushi; Srivastava, Gaurav; Singhal, Jayant; Varghese, A. O.; Padalia, Hitendra; Ayyappan, N.; Rajashekar, G.; Jha, C. S.; Rao, P. V. N. (January 2021).

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With the maturing and miniaturization of applicable technologies in the 1980s and 1990s, interest in UAVs grew within the higher echelons of the U.S. military. The U.S. funded the

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Gonçalves, João; Henriques, Renato; Alves, Paulo; Sousa-Silva, Rita; Monteiro, António T.; Lomba, Ângela; Marcos, Bruno; Honrado, João (January 2016). Rocchini, Duccio (ed.).

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UAVs can be classified based on their power or energy source, which significantly impacts their flight duration, range, and environmental impact. The main categories include:

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Sub-1g microUAVs inspired by flies, albeit using a power tether, have been able to "land" on vertical surfaces. Other projects mimic the flight of beetles and other insects.

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Vinogradov, Evgenii; Kumar, A. V. S. Sai Bhargav; Minucci, Franco; Pollin, Sofie; Natalizio, Enrico (2023). "Remote ID for separation provision and multi-agent navigation".

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River monitoring several methods have been developed to perform flow monitoring using image velocimetry methods which allow to properly describe the 2D flow velocity fields.

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Precision agriculture which exploits all available technologies including UAV in order to produce more with less (e.g., optimisation of fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation);

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drones in 2020, while the Justice Department prohibited the use of federal funds for the purchase of DJI and other foreign-made UAVs. DJI is followed by American company

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In 1973, the U.S. military officially confirmed that they had been using UAVs in Southeast Asia (Vietnam). Over 5,000 U.S. airmen had been killed and over 1,000 more were

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Individual reliability covers robustness of flight controllers, to ensure safety without excessive redundancy to minimize cost and weight. Besides, dynamic assessment of

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quickly followed suit. In 2021, the FAA published a rule requiring all commercially used UAVs and all UAVs regardless of intent weighing 250 g or more to participate in

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different open-source stacks, some of which are forked from others, such as CleanFlight, which is forked from BaseFlight and from which three other stacks are forked.

9885: 4038: 9498: 3864: 3806: 9468: 8882:"Characteristics analysis of the reservoir landslides base on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) scanning technology at the Maoergai Hydropower Station, Southwest China" 304:, according to design configuration such as weight or engine type, maximum flight altitude, degree of operational autonomy, operational role, etc. According to the 11168: 9068: 7681: 523:

There are usually four categories when UAVs are classified by size, with at least one of the dimensions (length or wingspan) meet the following respective limits:

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and noted that UAV manufacturers can make their UAVs more secure by the basic security measures of encrypting the Wi-Fi signal and adding password protection.

2783:. Various sensors, including radar, optical, and thermal, can be mounted on UAVs to monitor different properties. UAVs enable the capture of images of various 681: 8835:"Identification and evaluation of the high mountain upper slope potential landslide based on multi-source remote sensing: the Aniangzhai landslide case study" 7454: 7244: 3980: 2969:(C-UAS), from detection to electronic warfare to UAVs designed to destroy other UAVs, are in development and being deployed by states to counter this threat. 1409:, and can thus be built out of lighter but less sturdy materials and shapes, and can use less robustly tested electronic control systems. For small UAVs, the 9218: 8980:"A landslide monitoring method using data from unmanned aerial vehicle and terrestrial laser scanning with insufficient and inaccurate ground control points" 2917:, United States; although there was no significant damage to the balloon nor any injuries to its 3 occupants, the balloon pilot reported the incident to the 10160: 7975: 1230:. UAVs demonstrated the possibility of cheaper, more capable fighting-machines, deployable without risk to aircrews. Initial generations primarily involved 831:, which first flew in 1975, is seen by many as the first modern battlefield UAV, due to its data-link system, endurance-loitering, and live video-streaming. 9801:

Hartley, John; Shum, Hubert P. H.; Ho, Edmond S. L.; Wang, He; Ramamoorthy, Subramanian (2022). "Formation Control for UAVs Using a Flux Guided Approach".

9787: 945:– initially meant as an uncrewed plane that would carry an explosive payload to a predetermined target. Development continued during World War I, when the 8291: 7830: 6765: 4771: 4179:"A comprehensive review of electrochemical hybrid power supply systems and intelligent energy managements for unmanned aerial vehicles in public services" 11253: 11223: 11123: 11088: 10642: 9613: 8233: 7610: 4589: 3289: 2755:

Structural integrity of any type of structure whether it be a dam, railway or other dangerous, inaccessible or massive locations for building monitoring.

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with warheads are generally not considered UAVs because the vehicle itself is a munition, but certain types of propeller-based missile are often called "

9552: 7998: 7807: 7157: 6079: 1828: – This type provides a positive control signal (faster, slower, left, right, up, down) without incorporating feedback from sensor data. 11243: 9928: 8256: 6705: 2548: 5423: 5361: 4105:"Urban air mobility: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis with autonomous and electric ground transportation for informing future research" 2103:

Proper drone cooling is essential for long-term drone endurance. Overheating and subsequent engine failure is the most common cause of drone failure.

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Return-to-home: Fly back to the point of takeoff (often gaining altitude first to avoid possible intervening obstructions such as trees or buildings).

1151:, stated, "we let the drone do the high-risk flying ... the loss rate is high, but we are willing to risk more of them ...they save lives!" 6796: 3723: 3144: 2825:

The use of UAVs is also being investigated to help detect and fight wildfires, whether through observation or launching pyrotechnic devices to start

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Degrees of freedom (DOF) refers to both the amount and quality of sensors on board: 6 DOF implies 3-axis gyroscopes and accelerometers (a typical

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Hypersonic high-speed, supersonic (Mach 1–5) or hypersonic (Mach 5+) 50,000 ft (15,200 m) or suborbital altitude, range over 200 km

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In most modern UAV applications, video transmission is required. So instead of having separate links for C&C, telemetry and video traffic, a

1218:(CTC) within the CIA, which sought to fight terrorism with the aid of modernized drone technology. In the 1990s, the U.S. DoD gave a contract to 916: 1834: – This type incorporates sensor feedback to adjust behavior (reduce speed to reflect tailwind, move to altitude 300 feet). The 1556:

UAV computing capability followed the advances of computing technology, beginning with analog controls and evolving into microcontrollers, then

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Micro air vehicles endurance is so far best achieved with flapping-wing UAVs, followed by planes and multirotors standing last, due to lower

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communication technology. Remote ID messages (containing the UAV coordinates) are broadcast and can be used for collision-free navigation.

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The War of Attrition was also notable for the first use of UAVs, or unmanned aerial vehicles, carrying reconnaissance cameras in combat.

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Experiments with a pilotless drone version of the TB-1 controlled by radio from other aircraft started in 1935 and continued until 1939.

4375: 4341: 3697: 1143:, in 1972, "The only reason we need (UAVs) is that we don't want to needlessly expend the man in the cockpit." Later that year, General 1054:, concerned about losing pilots over hostile territory, began planning for the use of uncrewed aircraft. Planning intensified after the 11369: 11238: 11158: 11138: 11113: 11108: 11103: 7738: 5918: 4985: 4498: 4459: 3100:

The export of UAVs or technology capable of carrying a 500 kg payload at least 300 km is restricted in many countries by the

1455:, and are popular configurations for many use cases. Larger types which carry a variable payload are more likely to feature a distinct 9529: 7015: 3753: 2119:

Solar-electric UAVs, a concept originally championed by the AstroFlight Sunrise in 1974, have achieved flight times of several weeks.

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Modern system hardware for UAV control is often called the flight controller (FC), flight controller board (FCB) or autopilot. Common

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Isaac-Medina, Brian K. S.; Poyser, Matthew; Organisciak, Daniel; Willcocks, Chris G.; Breckon, Toby P.; Shum, Hubert P. H. (2021).

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Z. Goraj; A. Frydrychewicz; R. Świtkiewicz; B. Hernik; J. Gadomski; T. Goetzendorf-Grabowski; M. Figat; St Suchodolski; W. Chajec.

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are also being enhanced with C-UAS technologies. Utilising a smart UAV swarm to counter one or more hostile UAVs is also proposed.

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Non-cooperative sensors are able to detect targets autonomously so they are used for separation assurance and collision avoidance.

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Crewed and uncrewed aircraft of the same type generally have recognizably similar physical components. The main exceptions are the

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Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications

8729: 6941: 6728:"Flying on Hydrogen: Georgia Tech Researchers Use Fuel Cells to Power Unmanned Aerial Vehicle | Georgia Tech Research Institute" 6312: 3640: 3474: 1599: – IMU), 9 DOF refers to an IMU plus a compass, 10 DOF adds a barometer and 11 DOF usually adds a GPS receiver. 11258: 11118: 7919: 5302: 5171: 4327:

Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History: A Political, Social, and Military History

3036: 2764: 9583: 9345: 8833:

Dai, Keren; Li, Zhiyu; Xu, Qiang; Tomas, Roberto; Li, Tao; Jiang, Liming; Zhang, Jianyong; Yin, Tao; Wang, Hao (1 July 2023).

8369: 8044: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7276:"Rapid drone semi-automated counts of wintering Greater Flamingos ( Phoenicopterus roseus ) as a tool for amateur researchers" 7086: 5453: 3956: 10113: 9894: 9692: 7365: 7123: 7049: 6427: 6239: 5538: 5202: 4686: 4537: 4492: 4453: 4414: 4369: 4047: 3398: 2544: 879: 9180: 8399: 8344: 8129: 8107: 7719: 7700: 6573: 4810: 3927: 11328: 11308: 11153: 11143: 11133: 11061: 10556: 10018: 8880:

Yang, Yuchuan; Wang, Xiaobo; Jin, Wei; Cao, Jiayun; Cheng, Baogen; MaosenXiong; Zhou, Shunwen; ChaoZhang (1 October 2019).

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Zhang, Caizhi; Qiu, Yuqi; Chen, Jiawei; Li, Yuehua; Liu, Zhitao; Liu, Yang; Zhang, Jiujun; Hwa, Chan Siew (1 August 2022).

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at the besieged city. The balloons were launched mainly from land; however, some were also launched from the Austrian ship

9490: 7147:"Key Considerations for a Resilient and Autonomous Deployment and Configuration Infrastructure for Cyber-Physical Systems" 6990:"QinetiQ's Zephyr UAV flies for three and a half days to set unofficial world record for longest duration unmanned flight" 6253: 3860: 3813: 1907:

Another aircraft, serving as a relay or mobile control station – military manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T).

895:

Significant development of drones started in the 1900s, and originally focused on providing practice targets for training

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with ad hoc designed loops or neural networks. UAV software liability is bending toward the design and certifications of

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of activities in order to enhance the description of natural and agricultural ecosystems. Most common applications are:

11318: 11193: 9854: 6378: 6008: 4971:

The Amazing Growth and Journey of UAV's and Ballistic Missile Defence Capabilities: Where the Technology is Leading to?

3412: 2585:, imitating birds or insects, offers potential for covert surveillance and makes them difficult targets to bring down. 1941:

The level of autonomy in UAVs varies widely. UAV manufacturers often build in specific autonomous operations, such as:

929:

described a fleet of uncrewed aerial combat vehicles in 1915. These developments also inspired the construction of the

5412:

Franke, Ulrike Esther , in Mike Aaronson (ed) Precision Strike Warfare and International Intervention, Routledge 2015.

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Electric UAVs powered by microwave power transmission or laser power beaming are other potential endurance solutions.

789: 183: 12422: 11506: 11468: 11073: 10190: 9174: 6870: 6535: 5020: 4979: 4939: 4852: 4804: 4625: 3101: 9098: 5666:

Torres-Sánchez, Jorge; López-Granados, Francisca; Castro, Ana Isabel De; Peña-Barragán, José Manuel (6 March 2013).

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Solar electric powered. Remained aloft for 14 days. Also filed for FAI altitude record of 70,740 ft (21,561 m)

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uplink. Downlinks came later. These bi-directional narrowband radio links carried command and control (C&C) and

11323: 11046: 11041: 10581: 10460: 3114: 2630: 1359:. Its primary goal is to roam around the surface, expanding the amount of area to be researched previously seen by 1008: 942: 108: 62: 9222: 7336:

Mademlis, Ioannis; Nikolaidis, Nikos; Tefas, Anastasios; Pitas, Ioannis; Wagner, Tilman; Messina, Alberto (2019).

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one of his creations flew 1,882 miles across the Atlantic Ocean on less than a gallon of fuel" holds this record.

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as the first UAV with real-time surveillance. The images and radar decoys provided by these UAVs helped Israel to

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flew about 3,435 UAV missions during the war at a cost of about 554 UAVs lost to all causes. In the words of USAF

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Hover/position hold: Keep level pitch and roll, stable yaw heading and altitude while maintaining position using

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Fasano, Giancarmine; Accardo, Domenico; Tirri, Anna Elena; Moccia, Antonio; De Lellis, Ettore (1 October 2015).

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Unified Robust Path Planning and Optimal Trajectory Generation for Efficient 3D Area Coverage of Quadrotor UAVs

3139: 3015: 2925: 2885: 2841: 2465: 946: 8223: 7618: 6071: 5735:"Configuration and specifications of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for early site specific weed management" 5668:"Configuration and Specifications of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Early Site Specific Weed Management" 4767: 4554: 3297: 1958:

Headless mode: Pitch control relative to the position of the pilot rather than relative to the vehicle's axes.

1602:

In addition to the navigation sensors, the UAV (or UAS) can be also equipped with monitoring devices such as:

11641: 11631: 11565: 10854: 7788: 7146: 4637: 3609:"Autonomous In Situ Measurements of Noncontaminant Water Quality Indicators and Sample Collection with a UAV" 3154: 2881: 2681:

departments nationwide since 2018. Both Ukraine and Russia used commercial DJI drones extensively during the

2006: 1831: 1348: 1239: 1004: 9920: 9315:"Israeli anti-drone technology brings an end to Gatwick Airport chaos – International news – Jerusalem Post" 6697: 5733:

Torres-Sánchez, Jorge; López-Granados, Francisca; De Castro, Ana Isabel; Peña-Barragán, José Manuel (2013).

3310:

When used, UAVs should generally perform missions characterized by the three Ds: dull, dirty, and dangerous.

2338:

Swarm resilience involves maintaining operational capabilities and reconfiguring tasks given unit failures.

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flown by remote control, although the Armistice with Italy was enacted prior to any operational deployment.

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The civilian (commercial and general) drone market is dominated by Chinese companies. Chinese manufacturer

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of individual countries. Regulatory regimes can differ significantly according to drone size and use. The

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UAVs are also now widely used to survey wildlife such as nesting seabirds, seals and even wombat burrows.

12031: 12002: 11937: 11501: 10880: 10566: 10271: 9641:

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Visual Detection and Tracking using Deep Neural Networks: A Performance Benchmark

9061:"Global Agriculture Drones and Robots Market Analysis & Forecast, 2018-2028 - ResearchAndMarkets.com" 7543: 7541: 3326: 3204: 2682: 2611: 2567: 1270: 1235: 88: 10129:

Cahill, Bill (April 2022). "Lightning Bugs & Buffalo Hunters: The Ryan Model 147 Drone in Vietnam".

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pandemic. They can also be used for consumer-related missions like package delivery, as demonstrated by

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There are numerous civilian, commercial, military, and aerospace applications for UAVs. These include:

2032: 1894: 1510: 1039: 10546: 9408: 7660:"Drone tech gives China an edge in Middle East arms sales, but Israel-Gaza war brings risks: analysts" 7538: 5645: 4178: 4073: 3372: 840:

The earliest recorded use of an unmanned aerial vehicle for warfighting occurred in July 1849, with a

11616: 11580: 11355: 10784: 10753: 10731: 10698: 10687: 10526: 6888: 3169: 2571: 2560: 1596: 1314: 1284: 1179: 1140: 227: 9584:"The U.S. government showed just how easy it is to hack drones made by Parrot, DBPower and Cheerson" 5861: 5627:"Drone Technology: Types, Payloads, Applications, Frequency Spectrum Issues and Future Developments" 5128: 907:

with the Royal Navy in 1918 intended to attack shipping and port installations and he also assisted

12230: 12159: 12112: 11636: 11524: 11036: 10371: 10366: 10341: 10316: 10311: 10301: 10296: 10286: 10281: 9016: 4641: 3262: 3049: 2953: 2212: 1631: 1303: 1207: 1100:(1967–1970) in the Middle East, Israeli intelligence tested the first tactical UAVs installed with 885: 808: 712: 661:

Based on the altitude, the following UAV classifications have been used at industry events such as

144: 9980: 5101: 3981:"Nano, micro, small: The different drone types in India & if Jammu-like strike can be averted" 2993:

soldiers of the 17th Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment "Sforzesca" with a portable drone jammer in

1320: 51: 11984: 11914: 11590: 11051: 11024: 11019: 11014: 10821: 10647: 10551: 10336: 10306: 10291: 9021:

The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences

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obtained at different times allows for the detection of changes caused by landslide deformation.

1964:

Take-off and landing (using a variety of aircraft or ground-based sensors and systems; see also "

1502: 1266: 920: 875: 269: 10887: 8929:

Tomás, Roberto; Pinheiro, Marisa; Pinto, Pedro; Pereira, Eduardo; Miranda, Tiago (31 May 2023).

7640: 3776: 2109:, using hydrogen power, may be able to extend the endurance of small UAVs, up to several hours. 1513:(BEC) may be used to centralize power distribution and minimize heating, under the control of a 1474:

designs with 6 or more rotors is more common with larger UAVs, where redundancy is prioritized.

11883: 11837: 11675: 11646: 11600: 11478: 10654: 10483: 10455: 10276: 8834: 5856: 4406: 3437:"Towards harmonisation of image velocimetry techniques for river surface velocity observations" 3238: 2187: 2132: 2017: 1839: 1635: 1343: 1326: 1273: 1159: 1062: 961: 715:(UAS) classification of UAVs based on weight, maximum altitude and speed of the UAV component. 10106:

Lightning Bugs and other Reconnaissance Drones; The can-do story of Ryan's unmanned spy planes

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Radsan, AJ; Murphy (2011). "Measure Twice, Shoot Once: Higher Care for Cia-Targeted Killing".

4844: 4235: 2020:

unmanned combat aircraft demonstrator of the US Navy refuels in flight from a tanker aircraft.

12208: 11976: 11906: 11786: 11595: 11570: 11453: 11405: 10849: 10800: 10586: 10561: 9781: 9343: 9283: 7182: 5266:. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Technical Sciences, Volume 52. Number 3, 2004. 4929: 4656: 4529: 4359: 4338: 3689: 2739:

Topographic surveys for the production of orthomosaics, digital surface models and 3D models;

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for them to be regarded in "pseudo-satellites" as regards to their operational capabilities.

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GPS waypoint navigation: Using GNSS to navigate to an intermediate location on a travel path.

1948:

Altitude hold: The aircraft maintains its altitude using barometric pressure and/or GPS data.

1611: 1607: 1561: 1246: 1231: 1148: 1070: 8897: 6343:"Identifying Critical Manned-Unmanned Teaming Skills for Unmanned Aircraft System Operators" 4969: 4482: 4443: 2742:

Monitoring of natural ecosystems for biodiversity monitoring, habitat mapping, detection of

1302:'s Panel of Experts on Libya, published in March 2021. This may have been the first time an 11804: 11458: 10917: 10607: 10602: 10531: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10331: 10326: 10321: 9521: 9037: 9024: 8942: 8893: 8846: 8703: 8636: 8550: 8483: 8434: 7835: 6639: 6115: 6043: 5976: 5848: 5746: 5679: 4190: 4116: 3745: 3448: 2647: 2596: 2499: 2383: 2379: 2197: 2084: 1825: 1495: 1406: 1066: 653:

assistance, up to fully autonomous aircraft that have no provision for human intervention.

646: 55: 31: 10158: 8692:"Technical Note: Advances in flash flood monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)" 7941: 7405: 7388: 6844: 8: 11955: 11919: 11542: 11473: 11423: 9465:"Attack on the drones: Legislation could allow California firefighters to take them down" 8906: 8753:"Real-Time Positioning Method for UAVs in Complex Structural Health Monitoring Scenarios" 8538: 7144: 6915:"QinetiQ's Zephyr UAV exceeds official world record for longest duration unmanned flight" 5913: 5805: 5220:"The Eagle Comes Home to Roost: The Historical Origins of the CIA's Lethal Drone Program" 4329:, ABC-CLIO, 12 May 2008, by Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts, pages 1054–55 ISBN 4276:"Revolutionizing UAV Capabilities: Exploring the Potential of Nuclear Propulsion Systems" 3356: 3174: 3071: 2894:

US Department of Agriculture poster warning about the risks of flying UAVs near wildfires

2503: 2106: 1928: 1699: 1483: 1448: 1399: 1360: 1299: 1078: 187: 100: 11347: 9344:

Matthew Weaver; Damien Gayle; Patrick Greenfield; Frances Perraudin (20 December 2018).

9028: 8946: 8850: 8707: 8640: 8554: 8487: 8438: 7455:"Turkey's defense industry targets more than $ 4 billion in exports this year: Official" 7275: 7087:"A Comparison Study of Several Adaptive Control Strategies for Resilient Flight Control" 6643: 6119: 6047: 5980: 5852: 5750: 5683: 4194: 4120: 3607:

Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, Ali Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B. (March 2019).

3574:

Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, Ali Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B. (March 2018).

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Fault-tolerant cooperative navigation of networked UAV swarms for forest fire monitoring

1677:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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in 1955. Nevertheless, they were little more than remote-controlled airplanes until the

11575: 11443: 11388: 10875: 10612: 9836: 9810: 9670: 9644: 8660: 8605: 8507: 8452: 8447: 8422: 8161: 7862: 7794: 7357: 7303: 6964:"Northrop Grumman's Global Hawk Unmanned Aircraft Sets 33-Hour Flight Endurance Record" 6727: 6405: 6371:"Minimum requirements related to technical performance for IMT-2020 radio interface(s)" 6342: 6245: 6195: 6162: 6000: 5882: 5870: 5777: 5734: 5710: 5667: 5544: 5239: 5133: 4799:. The Putnam Aviation Series. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 249. 4399: 3496:

Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, A. Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B. (March 2020).

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Because of their small size, low weight, low vibration and high power to weight ratio,

2025: 1875: 1506: 1460: 987: – used both to train antiaircraft gunners and to fly attack-missions. 980: 908: 904: 896: 857: 223: 199: 140: 136: 77: 58:

carrying EO/IR and SAR sensors, laser rangefinders, laser designators, infrared cameras

8625:"The application of small unmanned aerial systems for precision agriculture: a review" 8471: 7145:

Subhav Pradhan; William Otte; Abhishek Dubey; Aniruddha Gokhale; Gabor Karsai (2013).

6652: 6627: 4339:

The Future of Drone Use: Opportunities and Threats from Ethical and Legal Perspectives

807:, one of a series of target drones/unpiloted aerial vehicles that first flew in 1951. 213:) is defined as a "powered, aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses 12437: 12432: 12427: 12363: 10991: 10826: 10576: 10186: 10134: 10109: 9950: 9840: 9828: 9688: 9170: 9153:) burrows with the use of a drone. BMC Ecology. 19:39. DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0257-5 9042: 8997: 8960: 8911: 8862: 8815: 8794:"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Landslide Investigation and Monitoring: A Review" 8774: 8721: 8691: 8664: 8652: 8624: 8609: 8511: 8499: 8099: 8006: 7799: 7361: 7307: 7295: 7154:

Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University, Nashville

6505: 6423: 6249: 6235: 6231: 6200: 6182: 6143: 5992: 5874: 5782: 5764: 5715: 5697: 5626: 5534: 5298:

Civil uav application and economic effectiveness of potential configuration solutions

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Mécanique Appliquée. - Sur le télékine. Note de M. L. Torres, présentée par M. Appell

4621: 4581: 4533: 4522: 4488: 4449: 4429: 4410: 4365: 4254: 4216: 4134: 4074:"An innovative tri-rotor drone and associated distributed aerial drone swarm control" 3519: 3466: 3436: 3404: 3394: 3149: 2850: 2578: 2485: 2424: 2416: 2332: 2136: 2092:

UAV endurance is not constrained by the physiological capabilities of a human pilot.

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Other functions available or under development include; collective flight, real-time

1978: 1530: 1444: 1347:

helicopter is an autonomous UAV that operated on Mars from 2021 to 2024. Current the

1121: 1058: 1028: 934: 785: 584: 214: 9553:"How Can Drones Be Hacked? The updated list of vulnerable drones & attack tools" 8881: 8456: 7911: 6419: 5886: 5548: 5296: 5161: 4287: 4152: 1977:

Follow-me: Maintain relative position to a moving pilot or other object using GNSS,

1650:(for planes and helicopters mostly), weapons, payload actuators, LEDs and speakers. 1269:(USAF) employed 7,494 UAVs – almost one in three USAF aircraft. The 202:

drone is an aircraft that has first-person video, autonomous capabilities, or both.

12384: 12355: 12303: 12274: 12222: 12151: 12104: 12052: 12023: 11994: 11929: 11814: 11696: 11493: 11379: 10859: 10249: 9820: 9680: 9032: 8987: 8950: 8901: 8854: 8805: 8764: 8711: 8644: 8597: 8558: 8491: 8442: 8196: 8094: 8036: 7400: 7349: 7287: 7097: 6647: 6415: 6227: 6190: 6174: 6133: 6123: 6051: 6004: 5984: 5866: 5772: 5754: 5705: 5687: 5526: 5231: 4573: 4565: 4401:

Taking Flight: Inventing the Aerial Age, from Antiquity through the First World War

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There are usually five categories when UAVs are classified by range and endurance:

44: 9884:

Cary, Leslie; Coyne, James. "ICAO Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Circular 328".

9735:"Muscat International Airport to install USD10 million Aaronia counter-UAS system" 7337: 5732: 5291: 4037:

Cary, Leslie; Coyne, James. "ICAO Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Circular 328".

3576:"In Situ Water Quality Measurements Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) System" 1422:

software is used on both crewed and uncrewed aircraft, with varying feature sets.

12282: 12182: 12130: 12065: 11842: 11794: 11750: 11516: 10536: 10446: 10209: 9287: 9246:"First-ever recorded drone-hot air balloon collision prompts safety conversation" 9164: 8395: 7418: 7416: 7115: 6668:"The device, designed for landing UAV helicopter type on a flat vertical surface" 6565: 5759: 5692: 5376: 5365: 5235: 4794: 4613: 4345: 3987: 3923: 3226: 2910: 2826: 2678: 2604: 2524: 2520: 2494: 2387: 2371: 2324: 2317: 2124: 2113: 2048: 2040: 1603: 1514: 1252: 1219: 1136: 996: 841: 828: 823: 260:(FAA) in 2005 according to their Unmanned Aircraft System Roadmap 2005–2030. The 10010: 8992: 8930: 6474: 4202: 4089: 3084: 2708:

ability for drones to carry them, creating new forms of artwork in the process.

711:

An example of classification based on the composite criteria is U.S. Military's

12392: 12253: 12248: 12214: 12187: 12177: 11860: 11827: 11709: 11621: 11483: 11448: 9824: 8955: 8858: 8601: 8495: 8134: 7863:"DJI market share: here's exactly how rapidly it has grown in just a few years" 7770:"World's largest drone maker is unfazed — even if it's blacklisted by the U.S." 7338:"Autonomous UAV Cinematography: A Tutorial and a Formalized Shot-Type Taxonomy" 6219: 5665: 5522:

2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

5516: 5219: 3124: 3119: 2866: 2760: 2651: 2592: 2262: 2230: 2036: 2035:, wall following, corridor centring, simultaneous localization and mapping and 1835: 1256: 1155: 1109: 1101: 1074: 1051: 957: 950: 912: 853: 191: 148: 132: 9441:"Chasing Video With Drones, Hobbyists Imperil California Firefighting Efforts" 8716: 8648: 8423:"Automated extraction of free surface topography using SfM-MVS photogrammetry" 7413: 6827: 6178: 6056: 6031: 5530: 5325: 4719:

Professor A. M. Low FLIGHT, 3 October 1952 page 436 "The First Guided Missile"

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The use of unmanned aerial vehicles is becoming increasingly regulated by the

1987:

Orbit around an object: Similar to Follow-me but continuously circle a target.

12416: 11755: 10138: 9832: 9684: 9046: 9001: 8964: 8915: 8866: 8819: 8778: 8725: 8690:

Perks, Matthew T.; Russell, Andrew J.; Large, Andrew R. G. (5 October 2016).

8656: 8503: 8103: 8010: 7803: 7299: 6509: 6475:"Metrics, Schmetrics! How The Heck Do You Determine A UAV's Autonomy Anyway?" 6275:

Pierre-Jean Bristeau; François Callou; David Vissière; Nicolas Petit (2011).

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Garrow, Laurie A.; German, Brian J.; Leonard, Caroline E. (1 November 2021).

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Drones can also be used for racing, either with or without VR functionality.

2704: 2638: 2563: 2481: 2469: 2432: 2278: 2175: 2140: 2128: 1310: 1227: 1144: 1082: 930: 900: 662: 590: 70: 67: 10147: 6698:"The Importance of Proper Cooling and Airflow for Optimal Drone Performance" 6370: 4731:"Eyes of the Army—U.S. Army Roadmap for Unmanned Aircraft Systems 2010–2035" 2614:

a dramatic increase in UAV development took place with Ukraine creating the

1893:/receiver, a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, or the original meaning of a 1874:

link is used to carry all types of data. These broadband links can leverage

1470:

requires a relatively simple control system and is common for smaller UAVs.

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that AAI and Malat developed jointly. Many of these UAVs saw service in the

83: 11878: 11832: 11822: 11799: 11745: 11704: 10912: 10831: 9406: 9350: 9121:"Drones That Launch Flaming Balls Are Being Tested To Help Fight Wildfires" 7972:"Skylark Drones set to raise its first round of funding to boost expansion" 7583: 6934:"New Scientist Technology Blog: Solar plane en route to everlasting flight" 6204: 6032:"Radar/electro-optical data fusion for non-cooperative UAS sense and avoid" 5996: 5964: 5909:"Giant remote-controlled beetles and 'biobot' insects could replace drones" 5878: 5786: 5719: 5256: 5075: 4348:, Asser Press – Springer, chapter by Alan McKenna, page 355 3679:, hence the use of the name in reference to the DH Queen Bee aerial target. 3537:

Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, Ali Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B.;

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and study of ecosystem degradation due to invasive species or disturbances;

2698: 2489: 1901: 1703: 1356: 1055: 1031: 1024: 992: 988: 984: 968: 938: 926: 804: 792: 195: 152: 9378:"In The Heat of the Moment, Drones Are Getting in the Way of Firefighters" 8810: 8793: 8769: 8752: 8421:

Ferreira, Edgar; Chandler, Jim; Wackrow, Rene; Shiono, Koji (April 2017).

6874: 6628:"Design of Flight Control System for a Small Unmanned Tilt Rotor Aircraft" 6163:"Adapting open-source drone autopilots for real-time iceberg observations" 4484:

Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918: An Illustrated History of Their Impact

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After World War II development continued in vehicles such as the American

12397: 12311: 12083: 11433: 11428: 8792:

Sun, Jianwei; Yuan, Guoqin; Song, Laiyun; Zhang, Hongwen (January 2024).

8587: 6498:"Watch a step in Navy history: an autonomous drone gets refueled mid-air" 5646:"Design Methodology for Unmannded Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Team Coordination" 3672: 3538: 2793: 2789: 2643: 2582: 2452: 2375: 2257:

Set an endurance record for a full-scale, operational uncrewed aircraft.

1971:

Failsafe: automatic landing or return-to-home upon loss of control signal

1890: 1707: 1548:

A flight controller run on either CleanFlight or BaseFlight firmware for

1526: 1440: 1183: 1171: 1089:. When the Chinese government showed photographs of downed U.S. UAVs via 1086: 1047: 861: 163:

Many terms are used for aircraft which fly without any persons on board.

10077:

Pen & Sword, Military. Great Britain. (2021). ISBN 978 1 52677 026 4

9017:"Landslide Activity Monitoring with the Help of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle" 7116:"Certifiable Autonomous Flight Management for Unmanned Aircraft Systems" 7008:"QinetiQ files for three world records for its Zephyr Solar powered UAV" 6218:

Lesko, J.; Schreiner, M.; Megyesi, D.; Kovacs, Levente (November 2019).

6138: 5988: 5515:

Bailon-Ruiz, Rafael; Lacroix, Simon; Bit-Monnot, Arthur (October 2018).

4211: 3245: 2810: 1065:

UAV program started under the code name of "Red Wagon". The August 1964

678:

Tactical 18,000 ft (5,500 m) altitude, about 160 km range

675:

NATO type 10,000 ft (3,000 m) altitude, up to 50 km range

12334: 11760: 10922: 10521: 10159:

Javier Garcia-Bernardoa; Peter Sheridan Dodds; Neil F. Johnson (2016).

9522:"Iraqi insurgents hacked Predator drone feeds, U.S. official indicates" 8562: 7549:"Turkish defence industry grows as Akinci UCAV signs first export deal" 6128: 6103: 5653:

Design Methodology for Unmannded Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Team Coordination

5625:

Nagel, Huub; Bondt, Geert; Custers, Bart; Vergouw, Bas (16 July 2016).

5424:"Drones may have attacked humans fully autonomously for the first time" 5258: 4577: 3720:"What is the difference between a drone and an RC plane or helicopter?" 3164: 3129: 2957: 2937: 2759:

These activities can be completed with different measurements, such as

2633:

aircraft being launched from a base in Rwanda to deliver blood products

2626: 2412: 2408: 2367: 1991: 1860: 1647: 1549: 1487: 1471: 1467: 1432: 1410: 1371: 1280: 1035: 1000: 179: 104: 73: 9638: 8978:

Zhou, Jiawen; Jiang, Nan; Li, Congjiang; Li, Haibo (9 February 2024).

7682:"Chinese, American—It Doesn't Matter. Israel Wants Inexpensive Drones" 7389:"Do Emerging Military Technologies Matter for International Politics?" 7291: 6758:"Hydrogen-powered Hycopter quadcopter could fly for 4 hours at a time" 4646:

3 August 1903, pp. 317-319, Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences.

3625: 3608: 3592: 3575: 3559: 3542: 3078: 2577:

For intelligence and reconnaissance missions, the inherent stealth of

1933: 11727: 9614:"Anti-drone technology to be test flown on UK base amid terror fears" 9149:

Old JM, Lin S H, Franklin MJM (2019). Mapping out bare-nosed wombat (

8370:"Fireworks and Drones Combine to Create Amazing Long Exposure Images" 6277:"The Navigation and Control technology inside the AR.Drone micro UAV" 5601:"Design, Simulation and New Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles" 4840: 4737: 4678: 3676: 3390:

Remote sensing of the environment using unmanned aerial systems (UAS)

3066: 3024: 2933: 2792:

and 3D models, from which these properties can be derived. Comparing

2784: 2780: 2776: 2694: 2655: 2420: 2395: 2051:

can play an important role for automatically ensuring flight safety.

2002: 1916: 1871: 1864: 1856: 1813: 1643: 1419: 1291: 1203: 1175: 1043: 849: 650: 147:, policing and surveillance, infrastructure inspections, smuggling, 10218: 7353: 6104:"On the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems for Environmental Monitoring" 2890: 1900:

Remote network system, such as satellite duplex data links for some

1821:

UAVs employ open-loop, closed-loop or hybrid control architectures.

669:

Hand-held 2,000 ft (600 m) altitude, about 2 km range

12060: 10779: 10571: 10153:

Vancouver Island University Arts & Humanities Colloquium Series

9815: 9675: 9649: 7245:"Coronavirus Spurs Percepto's Drone-in-a-Box Surveillance Solution" 6410: 6350:

U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

5520: 3992: 3645: 2674: 2600: 2436: 2296: 1965: 1961:

Care-free: automatic roll and yaw control while moving horizontally

1885:

The radio signal from the operator side can be issued from either:

1723: 1627: 1618:, which may allow providing specific measurements or observations. 1456: 672:

Close 5,000 ft (1,500 m) altitude, up to 10 km range

572:

Based on their weight, drones can be classified into 5 categories—

301: 178:

used for practice firing of a battleship's guns, such as the 1920s

175: 171: 128: 8536: 8257:"Ukraine has an unlikely ally in fight against Russia: DJI drones" 7031:"Drones Reach Stratospheric Heights in Race to Fly Higher, Longer" 5600: 2799: 2312:

Reliability improvements target all aspects of UAV systems, using

1867:

data about the status of aircraft systems to the remote operator.

10769: 5801:"Model airplane history-maker Maynard Hill dies at the age of 85" 5454:"Killer drone 'hunted down a human target' without being told to" 2948:

By 2017, drones were being used to drop contraband into prisons.

1727: 1391: 1259: 1133: 889: 219: 9407:

Michael Martinez; Paul Vercammen; Ben Brumfield (18 July 2015).

7942:"Consumer Drones By the Numbers in 2018 and Beyond | News Ledge" 6220:"Pixhawk PX-4 Autopilot in Control of a Small Unmanned Airplane" 5487:"Nagorno-Karabakh: New weapons for an old conflict spell danger" 3359:" IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2023. 2001:

One approach to quantifying autonomous capabilities is based on

1466:

For uses that require vertical flight or hovering, the tailless

991:

produced and used various UAV aircraft during the war, like the

856:. Austrian forces besieging Venice attempted to launch some 200 11852: 11719: 11534: 10774: 6072:"Arduino Playground – WhatIsDegreesOfFreedom6DOF9DOF10DOF11DOF" 5965:"Science, technology and the future of small autonomous drones" 4430:

Naval Aviation in the First World War: Its Impact and Influence

2846: 2615: 2536: 2532: 2428: 1879: 1639: 1352: 1113: 270:

Single European Sky (SES) Air Traffic Management (ATM) Research

39: 8288:"The Drone War in Ukraine Is Cheap, Deadly, and Made in China" 7214:"Drones Get the Lights Back on Faster for Florida Communities" 6566:"Biomimetics and Dextrous Manipulation Lab – MultiModalRobots" 6402:

2023 IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

5934:"EASA Approves ETSO Certification Basis for Veronte Autopilot" 5832:

Chirarattananon, Pakpong; Ma, Kevin Y; Wood, J (22 May 2014),

5359:"A Revolution Once More: Unmanned Systems and the Middle East" 5301:. published by the Publications Office of the European Union. 5195:

Vectored Propulsion, Supermaneuverability & Robot Aircraft

5013:

The eve of destruction: the untold story of the Yom Kippur War

3290:"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – The Force Multiplier of the 1990s" 3088:

reliability of drones in various industries and applications.

2926:

significant disruption at Gatwick Airport during December 2018

2088:

Flight time against mass of small (less than 1 kg) drones

1945:

Self-level: attitude stabilization on the pitch and roll axes.

684:

up to 30,000 ft (9,000 m) and range over 200 km

11765: 10108:, Armed Forces Journal International : Aero Publishers, 8420: 7831:"DOJ bans use of grant funds for certain foreign-made drones" 7789:"Interior Dept. Grounds Its Drones Over Chinese Spying Fears" 5576:"In data: UAS market projected to nearly double in ten years" 2763:, thermography, multispectral images, 3D field scanning, and 2661:

As of May 2021, 873,576 UAVs had been registered with the US

2618:

platform to promote rapid development of innovative systems.

2391: 2068:

UAVs can also implement perching on a flat vertical surface.

1852: 1842:

is employed, transferring the need to close the loop further.

1719: 1615: 1295: 1167: 1163: 9219:"Drone hits a commercial plane for the first time in Canada" 8469: 7720:"China's Military Advancements in the 2010s: Air and Ground" 7335: 6892: 6399: 5834:"Adaptive control of a millimeter-scale flapping-wing robot" 5514: 5369: 4555:"Japan's World War II balloon bomb attacks on North America" 2956:

showed they were able to hack into three different consumer

2076: 1198: 11438: 9921:"The 2021 Drone Regulation – What is new? What is planned?" 9663: 7183:"How Autonomous Drone Flights Will Go Beyond Line of Sight" 6917:(Press release). QinetiQ. 10 September 2007. Archived from 6217: 5958: 5956: 5954: 3675:" refers to the male bee that serves only to fertilize the 3433: 3383: 3381: 2994: 2448: 1952: 1533:. Their inherent stealth recommends them for spy missions. 1338: 1331: 1222:

along with Israeli company Malat. The U.S. Navy bought the

1020: 964:

developed the first scaled remote piloted vehicle in 1935.

9452:

from the original on 21 July 2015 – via NYTimes.com.

9204:"Drones in humanitarian aid – Can they be a game-changer?" 8396:"AERIGON cinema drone (UAV) pioneering in film production" 7481:"Combat drones in China are coming to a conflict near you" 6224:

2019 Modern Safety Technologies in Transportation (MOSATT)

5644:

da Silva, F.B; Scott, S.D; Cummings, M.L (December 2007).

5041: 3641:"Drones smuggling porn, drugs to inmates around the world" 1459:

with a tail for stability, control and trim, although the

1262:

to develop UAVs, ran from 1 May 2002 to 31 December 2005.

1023:(using television/radio-command guidance), the Australian 702:

Computer Assisted Carrier Guidance System (CACGS) for UAVs

11377: 9412: 9409:"Drones visit California wildfire, angering firefighters" 9169:(1 ed.). New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 8928: 7999:"States are competing to be the Silicon Valley of drones" 6100: 4873: 4008:"The Differences Between UAV, UAS, and Autonomous Drones" 2662: 1695:

communications with ground control and mission planning.

1125: 1117:

and leading to the development of the first Israeli UAV.

226:" by the public and media. Also, the relation of UAVs to 10203:

How Intelligent Drones Are Shaping the Future of Warfare

8751:

Zhou, Jianguo; He, Linshu; Luo, Haitao (19 March 2023).

7572: 7570: 6992:(Press release). QinetiQ. 24 August 2008. Archived from 6789:"NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: Beamed Laser Power for UAVs" 6029: 5951: 5624: 5058: 5056: 4909: 3606: 3573: 3543:"Evaluation of a UAV-Assisted Autonomous Water Sampling" 3536: 3495: 3378: 3014:

The malicious use of UAVs has led to the development of

2909:

The first recorded instance of a drone collision with a

1795:

Optical flow, obstacle avoidance, SLAM, decision-making

1767:

From machine code to processor execution, memory access

9893:. Blyenburgh & Co. pp. 112–115. Archived from 8130:"DJI Won the Drone Wars, and Now It's Paying the Price" 7084: 4046:. Blyenburgh & Co. pp. 112–115. Archived from 3950:"Eyes of the Army: U.S. Army Roadmap for UAS 2010–2035" 3861:"State government gears up for autonomous RPAS mapping" 3371:

Hu, J.; Niu, H.; Carrasco, J.; Lennox, B.; Arvin, F., "

2589:

Unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle

2478:

Unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle

2024:

Full autonomy is available for specific tasks, such as

1351:

is being developed, and is aiming to reach and examine

690:

over 30,000 ft (9,100 m) and indefinite range

9632: 9346:"Military called in to help with Gatwick drone crisis" 8984:

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

8886:

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

7739:"China drone maker DJI: Alone atop the unmanned skies" 6161:

Carlson, Daniel F.; Rysgaard, Søren (1 January 2018).

5293:

Community Research and Development Information Service

4302:"Powering Solutions for Your Drone in 2024: New Fuels" 10083:"A world of proliferated drones: a technology primer" 9760:

Grand-Clément, Sarah; Bajon, Theò (19 October 2022).

9657: 9091:"Africa Farming Problems Aided With Drone Technology" 7567: 5831: 5643: 5324:

Ackerman, Spencer; Shachtman, Noah (9 January 2012).

5053: 5029: 4885: 4109:

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3210: 1505:(Li-Po), while some larger vehicles have adopted the 268:

adopted this term, also used in the European Union's

9887:

2011–2012 UAS Yearbook – UAS: The Global Perspective

9519: 9337: 9276:"Drones need to be encouraged, and people protected" 9252:. Boise, Idaho, United States: Boise Post-Register. 8192:"The Next Frontier of Police Surveillance Is Drones" 5517:"Planning to Monitor Wildfires with a Fleet of UAVs" 4897: 4861: 4040:

2011–2012 UAS Yearbook – UAS: The Global Perspective

3327:"237 Ways Drone Applications Revolutionize Business" 1309:

Superior drone technology, specifically the Turkish

1283:

drones exemplify the widespread popularity of hobby

244:

UAVs or RPAVs can also be seen as a component of an

9794: 8090:"The U.S. Military Shouldn't Use Commercial Drones" 7894:"5 Major Drone Manufacturers Powering the Industry" 4273: 4102: 3079:

EU Drone Certification - Class Identification Label

878:introduced a radio-based control-system called the 10148:The rise of the drones: From The Great War to Gaza 9759: 9439: 9306: 7787: 4521: 4398: 3942: 3909: 3498:"Adaptive Water Sampling Device for Aerial Robots" 3045:solutions to better integrate UAVs into airspace. 3041:Regulatory bodies around the world are developing 1306:armed with lethal weaponry attacked human beings. 308:, UAVs are classified into five categories below: 9800: 9766:United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research 9709:"Heathrow picks C-UAS to combat drone disruption" 9201: 8689: 8623:Zhang, Chunhua; Kovacs, John M. (December 2012). 7786:Friedman, Lisa; McCabe, David (29 January 2020). 5323: 5129:"Unmanned combat vehicles shaping future warfare" 4702: 4700: 4698: 4153:"Exploring Gas Powered Drones: Uses and Benefits" 3355:F. Rekabi-Bana; Hu, J.; T. Krajník; Arvin, F., " 3145:List of military electronics of the United States 2775:UAVs have become a widely used tool for studying 1529:, imitating birds or insects, have been flown as 1520: 1313:, played a role in Azerbaijan's successes in the 1294:drone hunted down and attacked a human target in 967:Soviet researchers experimented with controlling 12414: 9786:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 9491:"Prisons Work To Keep Out Drug-Smuggling Drones" 8791: 7657: 7641:"Is China at the Forefront of Drone Technology?" 7579:"The numbers behind the worldwide trade in UAVs" 7331: 7329: 7050:"Towards Modular and Certified Avionics for UAV" 5963:Floreano, Dario; Wood, Robert J. (27 May 2015). 5484: 3054:International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 7424:"Strengthening Turkish Policy on Drone Exports" 7094:AIAA Guidance, Navigation andControl Conference 7014:(Press release). 24 August 2010. Archived from 6160: 4708:Jane's Pocket Book of Remotely Piloted Vehicles 3999: 2800:Agriculture, forestry and environmental studies 1798:ROS, Nuttx, Linux distributions, Microsoft IOT 1093:, the official U.S. response was "no comment". 923:aerial targets that went into service in 1935. 9768:. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023 8879: 7785: 6597:"The astounding athletic power of quadcopters" 4931:Israeli Fortifications of the October War 1973 4695: 4524:Military Ballooning During the Early Civil War 4445:Broken Wings: The Hungarian Air Force, 1918–45 4176: 2981: 2928:, needing the deployment of the British Army. 2357:, and critical deliveries of health supplies. 1882:traffic that can be routed over the internet. 174:, some being applied to remotely flown target 143:, forest fire monitoring, river monitoring, 11363: 10234: 8977: 8248: 7675: 7673: 7326: 6625: 5906: 4834: 4672: 3185:Sypaq Corvo Precision Payload Delivery System 2054: 1817:Typical flight-control loops for a multirotor 1781:Flight control, navigation, radio management 1007:developed a specialised drone version of the 8832: 8037:"Drone Training Courses – The Complete List" 7645:Center for Strategic and Internation Studies 7000: 6594: 6536:"Teaching tiny drones how to fly themselves" 5962: 5388: 2348:List of unmanned aerial vehicle applications 2080:UEL UAV-741 Wankel engine for UAV operations 2009:report, and used in the table on the right. 1073:initiated America's highly classified UAVs ( 899:. The earliest attempt at a powered UAV was 788:and others waiting to watch the launch of a 10183:Unmanned: Drone warfare and global security 8622: 6626:Yanguo, Song; Huanjin, Wang (1 June 2009). 5485:Forestier-Walker, Robin (13 October 2020). 5153: 4435: 4423: 4259:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3891:Government of Canada – Justice Laws Website 3043:unmanned aircraft system traffic management 2943: 2729: 1539: 1494:Besides the traditional piston engine, the 919:followed, leading to the fleet of over 400 11370: 11356: 10241: 10227: 9981:"FAA Legal Battle – Challenging Remote ID" 7679: 7670: 7611:"Pentagon Plans for Cuts to Drone Budgets" 7348:(5). Association for Computing Machinery. 6313:"Cellular enables safer drone deployments" 6226:. Kosice, Slovakia: IEEE. pp. 90–93. 1997:Pre-programmed delivery ( delivery drones) 1085:) into their first combat missions of the 30:"UAV" redirects here. For other uses, see 9814: 9674: 9648: 9036: 8991: 8954: 8905: 8809: 8768: 8750: 8715: 8446: 8345:"Fireworks Have a New Competitor: Drones" 8285: 8087: 7701:"UK eyes Chinese drone parts for Ukraine" 7404: 7028: 6820:Vertical Challenge: "Monsters of the sky" 6651: 6495: 6409: 6194: 6137: 6127: 6055: 5860: 5776: 5758: 5709: 5691: 5353: 5351: 5326:"Almost 1 in 3 U.S. Warplanes Is a Robot" 4792: 4233: 4210: 4128: 3712: 3624: 3591: 3558: 3513: 3460: 3375:" Aerospace Science and Technology, 2022. 3135:International Aerial Robotics Competition 1425: 262:International Civil Aviation Organization 27:Aircraft without any human pilot on board 10041:"Official Journal of the European Union" 9014: 8279: 7996: 7426:. Carnegie Endowment for International. 7386: 5159: 4722: 4657:Nov. 7, 1905: Remote Control Wows Public 4071: 3324: 2999: 2985: 2889: 2849:can use drones for applications such as 2809: 2625: 2493: 2127:satellites. Likely applications include 2083: 2075: 2011: 1932: 1812: 1718:, etc. or designed from scratch such as 1543: 1381: 1319: 1197: 1069:between naval units of the U.S. and the 822: 814: 798: 780: 94: 82: 61: 50: 38: 12383: 12354: 12273: 12022: 9550: 9243: 9202:Sindi & Zarei (15 September 2023). 7736: 7680:Somerville, Heather (9 November 2023). 7520:"Market for Military Drones will Surge" 6485:from the original on 24 September 2020. 6444:"Automated Vehicles for Safety | NHTSA" 5931: 5126: 4927: 4837:Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II 4796:Soviet Aircraft and Aviation, 1917–1941 4728: 4675:Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II 4448:. Indiana University Press. p. 2. 4396: 4390: 3831:"European ATM Master Plan 2015 | SESAR" 2005:terminology, as suggested by a 2002 US 437:Other classifications of UAVs include: 295: 14: 12415: 10128: 10103: 10080: 9855:"What is unmanned traffic management?" 9581: 9437: 9038:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-W4-215-2015 8342: 8294:from the original on 26 September 2023 8254: 8224:"These Police Drones are Watching You" 7978:from the original on 14 September 2016 7873:from the original on 24 September 2018 7828: 7576: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7211: 7047: 6496:Davenport, Christian (23 April 2015). 6472: 5406: 5397: 5348: 5285: 5217: 5192: 5062: 5047: 5035: 4974:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 6. 4964: 4915: 4903: 4891: 4879: 4867: 4774:from the original on 26 September 2019 4552: 4546: 4519: 4513: 4480: 4474: 4441: 4361:Naval Aviation in the Second World War 4357: 4351: 4005: 3774: 3700:from the original on 17 September 2020 3037:Regulation of unmanned aerial vehicles 2875: 2765:normalized difference vegetation index 1210:to attack enemy combatants in warfare. 682:MALE (medium altitude, long endurance) 440: 300:UAVs may be classified like any other 99:Although most large military UAVs are 11351: 10990: 10989: 10943: 10499: 10498: 10481: 10260: 10248: 10222: 10161:"Quantitative patterns in drone wars" 9918: 9883: 9462: 9358:from the original on 22 December 2018 9325:from the original on 22 December 2018 9312: 9183:from the original on 27 February 2023 9162: 8671:from the original on 27 February 2023 8518:from the original on 27 February 2023 8286:Greenwood, Faine (16 February 2023). 8267:from the original on 20 February 2023 8236:from the original on 11 December 2019 8204:from the original on 11 December 2019 8172:from the original on 18 December 2020 8142:from the original on 19 November 2020 8047:from the original on 16 November 2016 8017:from the original on 13 February 2016 7843:from the original on 28 November 2020 7767: 7749:from the original on 19 February 2018 7698: 7658:Seong Hyeon Choi (25 November 2023). 7591:from the original on 19 December 2016 7526:from the original on 19 February 2018 7457:. Hürriyet Daily News. 6 March 2022. 7406:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-032725 7273: 6851:from the original on 11 December 2008 6786: 6359:from the original on 6 February 2016. 6293:from the original on 27 February 2023 6256:from the original on 27 February 2023 6082:from the original on 18 February 2016 5555:from the original on 29 December 2022 5317: 5160:Levinson, Charles (13 January 2010). 5102:"Russia Buys A Bunch of Israeli UAVs" 4988:from the original on 27 February 2023 4813:from the original on 27 February 2023 4501:from the original on 27 February 2023 4462:from the original on 27 February 2023 4378:from the original on 27 February 2023 4036: 4018:from the original on 18 February 2020 3962:from the original on 18 February 2022 3867:from the original on 25 February 2017 3415:from the original on 27 February 2023 3393:. : ELSEVIER - HEALTH SCIENCE. 2023. 3367: 3365: 2770: 2714: 2300:This is sufficiently close enough to 1915:UAV-to-UAV coordination supported by 1895:military ground control station (GCS) 1889:Ground control – a human operating a 1447:offer light weight combined with low 953:that would explode at a preset time. 706: 631: 194:, before ultimate replacement by the 170:has been used from the early days of 10721:Douglas / McDonnell Douglas 10181:Rogers, A., & Hill, J. (2014). 10051:from the original on 1 November 2020 9951:"UAS Remote Identification Overview" 9865:from the original on 8 February 2021 9741:from the original on 9 November 2019 9715:from the original on 9 November 2019 9501:from the original on 19 January 2018 9419:from the original on 8 November 2016 9370: 9244:Tellman, Julie (28 September 2018). 9216: 8732:from the original on 12 January 2023 8569:from the original on 12 January 2023 8427:Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 8314:"Drone Light Shows Powered by Intel" 7952:from the original on 14 October 2018 7891: 7810:from the original on 29 January 2020 7737:Bateman, Joshua (1 September 2017). 7555:from the original on 30 January 2022 7368:from the original on 3 November 2022 7314:from the original on 13 October 2022 7242: 7163:from the original on 4 February 2016 7066:from the original on 4 February 2016 7029:MacDonald, Alistair (14 July 2023). 6931: 6768:from the original on 4 February 2016 6738:from the original on 3 February 2016 6607:from the original on 5 February 2016 6595:D'Andrea, Raffaello (11 June 2013). 6546:from the original on 5 February 2016 6516:from the original on 20 January 2016 6011:from the original on 26 October 2019 5573: 5525:. 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(2014). 10021:from the original on 5 October 2022 9762:"Uncrewed Aerial Systems: A Primer" 9594:from the original on 5 January 2017 9551:Walters, Sander (29 October 2016). 9471:from the original on 28 August 2016 9256:from the original on 3 October 2018 8696:Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8402:from the original on 26 August 2021 8088:Greenwood, Faine (16 August 2017). 8067:"IDF buying mass-market DJI drones" 7997:Peterson, Andrea (19 August 2013). 7717: 7503: 7212:McNabb, Miriam (28 February 2020). 6891:. Tam.plannet21.com. Archived from 6454:from the original on 7 October 2021 5162:"Israeli Robots Remake Battlefield" 5078:. Howstuffworks.com. 22 July 2008. 4729:Dempsey, Martin E. (9 April 2010). 4405:. 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(January 2022). 7255:from the original on 24 March 2020 7224:from the original on 12 March 2020 7113: 6576:from the original on 23 March 2016 6381:from the original on 6 August 2020 5336:from the original on 23 March 2020 5224:Intelligence and National Security 5174:from the original on 13 March 2020 5127:Azoulai, Yuval (24 October 2011). 3787:from the original on 29 March 2020 3362: 3095: 2976: 2835: 2703:Drones are also used in nighttime 2059: 1808: 696:Orbital low Earth orbit (Mach 25+) 91:, a hunter-killer surveillance UAV 25: 12449: 11507:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II 11469:McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II 10196: 9563:from the original on 23 July 2018 9532:from the original on 5 March 2017 9438:Medina, Jennifer (19 July 2015). 9388:from the original on 5 March 2018 9313:Halon, Eytan (21 December 2018). 9294:from the original on 27 June 2020 8324:from the original on 23 June 2021 8255:Sangma, Mike (25 December 2022). 7829:Miller, Maggie (8 October 2020). 7126:from the original on 5 March 2017 6799:from the original on 5 April 2019 6708:from the original on 22 June 2018 6678:from the original on 7 March 2017 5466:from the original on 30 July 2021 5434:from the original on 30 July 2021 5273:from the original on 4 March 2016 4934:. Osprey Publishing. p. 16. 3315: 3102:Missile Technology Control Regime 2186:The aircraft is currently in the 1846: 1298:, according to a report from the 1014: 10748: 10747: 10737: 10736: 10726: 10725: 10715: 10714: 10704: 10703: 10693: 10692: 10682: 10681: 10671: 10670: 10033: 10003: 9991:from the original on 27 May 2021 9973: 9961:from the original on 27 May 2021 9943: 9931:from the original on 17 May 2021 9912: 9877: 9847: 9803:Expert Systems with Applications 9753: 9727: 9701: 9669:. SciTePress. pp. 136–146. 9606: 9582:Glaser, April (4 January 2017). 9575: 9544: 9513: 9483: 9463:Rocha, Veronica (21 July 2015). 9456: 9431: 9400: 9268: 9237: 9210: 9195: 9156: 9143: 9113: 9083: 9071:from the original on 7 July 2019 9053: 9008: 8971: 8922: 8873: 8826: 8785: 8744: 8683: 8616: 8581: 8530: 8463: 8414: 8388: 8362: 8336: 8306: 8216: 8184: 8154: 8122: 8081: 8059: 8029: 7990: 7964: 7934: 7922:from the original on 17 May 2021 7904: 7885: 7855: 7822: 7779: 7768:Anwar, Nessa (7 February 2023). 7761: 7730: 7711: 7692: 7651: 7633: 7617:. 2 January 2014. Archived from 7603: 7577:Arnett, George (16 March 2015). 7491:from the original on 7 June 2021 7473: 7380: 7267: 7236: 7205: 7193:from the original on 20 May 2020 7175: 7138: 7107: 7085:D. Boskovic and Knoebel (2009). 7078: 7041: 7022: 6982: 6970:from the original on 1 July 2013 6956: 6925: 6907: 6881: 6863: 6837: 6811: 6780: 6750: 6720: 6690: 6660: 6619: 6588: 6558: 6528: 6489: 6479:US Air Force Research Laboratory 6466: 6436: 6393: 6232:10.1109/MOSATT48908.2019.8944101 6036:Aerospace Science and Technology 5841:Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 5813:from the original on 4 July 2018 5082:from the original on 22 May 2013 3930:from the original on 23 May 2022 3337:from the original on 11 May 2021 3256: 3244: 3232: 3220: 3115:List of unmanned aerial vehicles 2688: 1857:exchange of video and other data 1662: 1638:of the motors) linked to motors/ 943:Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane 848:) in the first offensive use of 811:, Hatzerim airbase, Israel, 2006 718: 285:remotely piloted aircraft system 275:unmanned aircraft vehicle system 266:British Civil Aviation Authority 228:remote controlled model aircraft 11586:Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel 11419:Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche 10944: 10067: 9620:from the original on 7 May 2017 9217:Dent, Steve (16 October 2017). 9097:. 12 March 2018. Archived from 9015:Peterman, V. (26 August 2015). 8229:Project On Government Oversight 6787:Gibbs, Yvonne (31 March 2015). 6420:10.1109/DASC58513.2023.10311133 6363: 6335: 6323:from the original on 9 May 2018 6305: 6268: 6211: 6154: 6094: 6064: 6023: 5925: 5907:Sarah Knapton (29 March 2016). 5900: 5825: 5793: 5726: 5659: 5637: 5618: 5593: 5567: 5508: 5478: 5446: 5415: 5382: 5218:Fuller, Christopher J. (2015). 5211: 5186: 5120: 5094: 5068: 5004: 4958: 4921: 4828: 4786: 4759: 4713: 4666: 4649: 4631: 4607: 4332: 4319: 4294: 4288:10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.26198462.V1 4267: 4236:"Solar-Powered Drones and UAVs" 4227: 4170: 4145: 4096: 4078:Robotics and Autonomous Systems 4065: 3887:"Canadian Aviation Regulations" 3879: 3853: 3823: 3799: 3768: 3738: 3682: 3665: 3633: 3600: 2341: 1578: 1170:caused heavy damage to Israeli 1061:in 1960. Within days, a highly 983:and more models emerged during 974: 835: 555:> 50 cm & < 2 m 258:Federal Aviation Administration 234:remotely piloted aerial vehicle 11414:Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird 8907:10.1088/1755-1315/349/1/012009 8343:Hirsch, Lauren (1 July 2023). 6632:Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 3567: 3530: 3489: 3427: 3288:Tice, Brian P. (Spring 1991). 3281: 3140:List of films featuring drones 2973:manner by a terrorist actor". 2913:occurred on 10 August 2018 in 2886:Unmanned combat aerial vehicle 2842:Use of UAVs in law enforcement 2466:Unmanned combat aerial vehicle 2307: 1521:Ornithopters – wing propulsion 1193: 1034:of 1951, while companies like 947:Dayton-Wright Airplane Company 645:), or with various degrees of 186:. Later examples included the 158: 13: 1: 11642:Next Generation Air Dominance 11632:Light Helicopter Experimental 11566:General Atomics MQ-20 Avenger 8476:Biodiversity and Conservation 7718:Joe, Rick (5 February 2020). 7551:. TRTWORLD. 23 January 2022. 7485:www.intelligent-aerospace.com 7387:Horowitz, Michael C. (2020). 6653:10.1016/S1000-9361(08)60095-3 6473:Clough, Bruce (August 2002). 5391:Univ. Ill. Law Rev.:1201–1241 4638:Biodiversity Heritage Library 4620:, John Wiley and Sons, 2006, 4520:Haydon, F. Stansbury (2000). 4364:. Pen and Sword. p. 19. 4234:jenks2026 (30 January 2024). 3269: 3155:Micromechanical Flying Insect 3030: 2963: 2882:List of UAV-related incidents 2007:Air Force Research Laboratory 1732:Orocos-Robot Operating System 1511:battery elimination circuitry 1477: 1240:General Atomics MQ-1 Predator 917:British unmanned developments 888:in 1903, as a way of testing 699:CIS Lunar Earth-Moon transfer 11548:Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider 10557:Flying boats and floatplanes 10081:Sayler, Kelley (June 2015). 9520:Mike Mount; Elaine Quijano. 8162:"大疆创新与新疆自治区公安厅结为警用无人机战略合作伙伴" 5871:10.1088/1748-3182/9/2/025004 5760:10.1371/journal.pone.0058210 5693:10.1371/journal.pone.0058210 5236:10.1080/02684527.2014.895569 4562:Smithsonian Annals of Flight 4397:Hallion, Richard P. (2003). 4274:Fabled Sky Research (2024). 3722:. Drones Etc. Archived from 3274: 2295:The delicacy of the British 2071: 1784:PX4, Cleanflight, ArduPilot 1621: 1569:UAV-systems control hardware 1439:For conventional flight the 1405:Small civilian UAVs have no 1396:environmental control system 892:without risking human life. 256:(DoD) and the United States 7: 12032:Global Combat Air Programme 12003:Global Combat Air Programme 11938:Global Combat Air Programme 11502:Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor 10261: 8993:10.1016/j.jrmge.2023.12.004 7243:Peck, Abe (19 March 2020). 6847:. Designation-systems.net. 4793:Andersson, Lennart (1994). 4564:(9). Washington, DC: 1–85. 4487:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 9–10. 4442:Renner, Stephen L. (2016). 4203:10.1016/j.egyai.2022.100175 4090:10.1016/j.robot.2018.02.019 4072:Hu, J.; Lanzon, A. (2018). 3325:Alvarado, Ed (3 May 2021). 3205:Unmanned underwater vehicle 3107: 3016:counter unmanned air system 2982:Counter unmanned air system 2903: 2683:Russian invasion of Ukraine 2612:Russian invasion of Ukraine 2568:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1922: 1653: 1271:Central Intelligence Agency 979:In 1940, Denny started the 728:Battery-powered (Electric): 656: 89:General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper 10: 12454: 11464:Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA 9825:10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117665 9221:. Engadget. Archived from 8956:10.1007/s10346-023-02082-y 8859:10.1007/s10346-023-02044-4 8602:10.1007/s10530-023-03190-5 8543:Applied Vegetation Science 8496:10.1007/s10531-020-02073-8 4553:Mikesh, Robert C. (1973). 4481:Murphy, Justin D. (2005). 3200:UAV ground control station 3190:Satellite Sentinel Project 3180:Optionally piloted vehicle 3085:Class Identification Label 3083:The implementation of the 3050:civil aviation authorities 3034: 3007: 2898: 2879: 2864: 2839: 2803: 2718: 2692: 2463: 2459: 2345: 2154:Lengthy endurance flights 2055:Performance considerations 1926: 1583: 774: 770: 29: 12376: 12347: 12320: 12302: 12295: 12266: 12239: 12221: 12207: 12200: 12168: 12150: 12143: 12121: 12103: 12096: 12074: 12051: 12044: 12015: 11993: 11975: 11968: 11946: 11928: 11905: 11896: 11869: 11851: 11813: 11785: 11778: 11736: 11718: 11695: 11688: 11659: 11617:Advanced Tactical Fighter 11609: 11581:Lockheed Martin Sea Ghost 11556: 11533: 11515: 11492: 11404: 11395: 11386: 11301: 11069: 11060: 11002: 10998: 10985: 10950: 10939: 10896: 10868: 10842: 10814: 10793: 10785:Four-engined jet aircraft 10762: 10663: 10621: 10595: 10509: 10505: 10494: 10490: 10477: 10267: 10256: 9163:Faust, Daniel R. (2015). 8717:10.5194/hess-20-4005-2016 8649:10.1007/s11119-012-9274-5 7699:Skove, Sam (1 May 2024). 6179:10.1016/j.mex.2018.09.003 6057:10.1016/j.ast.2015.08.010 5574:Hill, John (7 May 2024). 5531:10.1109/IROS.2018.8593859 5370:The Brookings Institution 5193:Gal-Or, Benjamin (1990). 5076:"A Brief History of UAVs" 4570:10.5479/si.AnnalsFlight.9 4306:www.commercialuavnews.com 4130:10.1016/j.trc.2021.103377 3777:"unmanned aerial vehicle" 3746:"unmanned aerial vehicle" 3462:10.5194/essd-12-1545-2020 3441:Earth System Science Data 3170:Radio-controlled aircraft 1994:(such as rolls and loops) 1937:UAV's degrees of autonomy 1671:This section needs to be 1597:inertial measurement unit 1503:lithium-polymer batteries 1377: 1315:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war 1285:radio-controlled aircraft 1141:Air Force Systems Command 921:de Havilland 82 Queen Bee 639:remotely piloted aircraft 567: 12423:Unmanned aerial vehicles 12231:Future Combat Air System 12160:Future Combat Air System 12113:Future Combat Air System 11637:Long Range Strike Bomber 11525:Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk 10104:Wagner, William (1982), 9685:10.5220/0010836600003124 7664:South China Morning Post 7048:Boniol (December 2014). 7037:– via www.wsj.com. 5932:Antonio (11 July 2024). 4768:"History of U.S. Drones" 4344:27 February 2023 at the 3004:Cannon anti-drone system 2954:Federal Trade Commission 2944:Security vulnerabilities 2730:Environmental monitoring 2621: 2333:crewed avionics software 1540:Computer control systems 1501:Small drones mostly use 1208:lethal autonomous weapon 1067:clash in the Tonkin Gulf 911:in preparations for the 886:Paris Academy of Science 809:Israeli Air Force Museum 665:Unmanned Systems forum: 486:> 150 & < 650 365:> 55 & < 1320 246:unmanned aircraft system 145:environmental monitoring 11985:Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin 11915:British Aerospace P.125 11591:Northrop Grumman RQ-180 10465:unmanned aerial vehicle 9925:Drone Industry Insights 8898:2019E&ES..349a2009Y 8041:Drone Business Marketer 7686:The Wall Street Journal 7249:Inside Unmanned Systems 5631:The Future of Drone Use 5375:26 January 2018 at the 5167:The Wall Street Journal 4928:Dunstan, Simon (2013). 4432:, R. D. Layman, page 56 4358:Kaplan, Philip (2013). 3781:Encyclopedia Britannica 3694:Drone Industry Insights 3331:Drone Industry Insights 3195:Tactical Control System 2512:ground control stations 1370:According to data from 1304:autonomous killer-robot 1267:United States Air Force 1216:Counterterrorism Center 876:Leonardo Torres Quevedo 713:unmanned aerial systems 518: 483:> 50 & < 150 207:unmanned aerial vehicle 123:), commonly known as a 117:unmanned aerial vehicle 18:Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 11884:Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B 11838:Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate 11676:Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat 11647:Next-Generation Bomber 11601:General Atomics XQ-67A 11479:Northrop Grumman X-47B 10638:Maximum takeoff weight 10456:human-powered aircraft 10214:Rolling Stone Magazine 10131:The Aviation Historian 9643:. pp. 1223–1232. 7120:University of Michigan 6889:"Trans atlantic Model" 6845:"General Atomics Gnat" 4835:H. R. Everett (2015). 4673:H. R. Everett (2015). 4528:. JHU Press. pp. 3005: 2997: 2895: 2818: 2744:invasive alien species 2634: 2515: 2314:resilience engineering 2188:Hiller Aviation Museum 2089: 2081: 2021: 2018:Northrop Grumman X-47B 1938: 1859:. Early UAVs had only 1838:is common. Sometimes, 1818: 1742:Flight stack overview 1562:single-board computers 1553: 1426:Aircraft configuration 1387: 1337:UAVs are also used in 1334: 1247:air-to-ground missiles 1236:some carried armaments 1211: 1160:surface-to-air missile 1147:, Commander in Chief, 1009:Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 844:(the precursor to the 832: 820: 812: 796: 790:de Havilland Queen Bee 532:Micro/Very small UAVs 454:Very close range UAVs 362:> 20 & < 55 184:de Havilland Queen Bee 112: 92: 80: 59: 48: 11596:Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie 11571:Boeing MQ-25 Stingray 11454:Lockheed Martin FB-22 10850:Early flying machines 10185:. Between the Lines. 10045:www.eur-lex.europa.eu 9479:– via LA Times. 8811:10.3390/drones8010030 8770:10.3390/drones7030212 8629:Precision Agriculture 8232:. 25 September 2018. 7974:. 14 September 2015. 7869:. 18 September 2018. 7342:ACM Computing Surveys 7018:on 24 September 2010. 6076:playground.arduino.cc 5364:6 August 2011 at the 5011:Blum, Howard (2003). 3750:TheFreeDictionary.com 3515:10.3390/drones4010005 3008:Further information: 3003: 2989: 2893: 2813: 2654:, and French company 2629: 2497: 2097:Wankel rotary engines 2087: 2079: 2015: 1936: 1878:techniques and carry 1816: 1710:, etc. shielded with 1547: 1407:life-critical systems 1385: 1323: 1232:surveillance aircraft 1201: 1180:completely neutralize 1149:Strategic Air Command 1071:North Vietnamese Navy 949:invented a pilotless 874:The Spanish engineer 826: 818: 802: 784: 480:> 5 & < 50 151:, entertainment, and 141:precision agriculture 98: 86: 65: 54: 42: 11805:Mikoyan Project 1.44 11627:Joint Strike Fighter 11459:Lockheed Martin X-35 11378:Countries producing 10918:Light-sport aircraft 9919:Boedecker, Hendrik. 9809:. Elsevier: 117665. 9023:. XL-1–W4: 215–218. 8590:Biological Invasions 8168:. 24 December 2017. 8077:on 11 December 2017. 7912:"UAS by the Numbers" 7892:Daly, David (2021). 7189:. 31 December 2019. 7057:Aerospacelab Journal 6833:on 11 September 2013 6702:Pelonis Technologies 6542:. 27 November 2012. 5104:. Strategypage.com. 4747:on 22 September 2018 4706:Taylor, John W. R.. 3986:29 June 2021 at the 3924:"UAV classification" 3775:Guilmartin, John F. 2572:Israel-Gaza conflict 2500:Baykar Bayraktar TB2 2198:General Atomics Gnat 2143:and communications. 1955:or inertial sensors. 1515:microcontroller unit 1496:Wankel rotary engine 1463:in use vary widely. 1400:life support systems 1349:Dragonfly spacecraft 1324:Artist's concept of 1186:at the start of the 909:Wing Commander Brock 296:Classification types 192:Miles Queen Martinet 56:Northrop Grumman Bat 32:UAV (disambiguation) 12330:Bayraktar Kızılelma 11956:BAE Systems Taranis 11920:BAE Systems Replica 11543:Northrop B-2 Spirit 11474:Northrop Tacit Blue 11424:Boeing Bird of Prey 10177:on 6 February 2016. 9737:. 21 January 2019. 9282:. 26 January 2019. 9029:2015ISPAr.XL1..215P 8947:2023Lands..20.1657T 8851:2023Lands..20.1405D 8708:2016HESS...20.4005P 8641:2012PrAgr..13..693Z 8555:2016AppVS..19..132G 8488:2021BiCon..30....1R 8439:2017FloMI..54..243F 8003:The Washington Post 7522:. 27 October 2016. 7103:on 4 February 2016. 7035:Wall Street Journal 6732:www.gtri.gatech.edu 6644:2009ChJAn..22..250Y 6502:The Washington Post 6284:IFAC World Congress 6120:2018RemS...10..641M 6048:2015AeST...46..436F 5989:10.1038/nature14542 5981:2015Natur.521..460F 5853:2014BiBi....9b5004C 5806:The Washington Post 5751:2013PLoSO...858210T 5684:2013PLoSO...858210T 5197:. Springer Verlag. 5050:, p. 200, 212. 4618:History of wireless 4195:2022EneAI...900175Z 4121:2021TRPC..13203377G 3863:. 23 January 2017. 3726:on 17 November 2015 3453:2020ESSD...12.1545P 3175:Autonomous aircraft 3072:RaceDayQuads v. FAA 2876:Safety and security 2610:Following the 2022 2504:Ukrainian Air Force 2417:scientific research 2405:Aerial surveillance 2329:non-linear analysis 2155: 2107:Hydrogen fuel cells 2047:. In this context, 2033:collision avoidance 1929:Autonomous aircraft 1792:Computer-intensive 1770:ArduCopter-v1, PX4 1743: 1634:(which control the 1484:internal combustion 1461:wing configurations 1300:UN Security Council 1079:Ryan AQM-91 Firefly 858:incendiary balloons 763:Hydrogen Fuel Cell: 441:Range and endurance 403:> 18,000 ft 398:< 18,000 ft 393:< 18,000 ft 380:Operating altitude 188:Airspeed Queen Wasp 101:fixed-wing aircraft 11756:CAIG Wing Loong-10 11576:Boeing Phantom Ray 11444:Lockheed Have Blue 11389:Stealth technology 11314:WWI Central Powers 10806:Regional airliners 10208:2 May 2018 at the 10075:Drone War Vietnam. 10015:www.eudronport.com 9446:The New York Times 9225:on 16 October 2017 8563:10.1111/avsc.12204 8349:The New York Times 7795:The New York Times 6672:patents.google.com 6352:. September 2012. 6129:10.3390/rs10040641 4882:, p. xi, xii. 4681:. pp. 91–95. 4663:, 7 November 2011. 4157:www.flyability.com 3841:on 6 February 2016 3819:on 2 October 2008. 3696:. 28 August 2018. 3010:Electronic warfare 3006: 2998: 2896: 2855:traffic monitoring 2819: 2815:Agricultural drone 2806:Agricultural drone 2771:Geological hazards 2715:Aerial photography 2646:, Chinese company 2635: 2516: 2474:Loitering munition 2378:, conservation of 2153: 2133:weather monitoring 2090: 2082: 2026:airborne refueling 2022: 1939: 1876:quality of service 1819: 1741: 1554: 1507:hydrogen fuel cell 1388: 1335: 1274:also operated UAVs 1212: 1158:, Soviet-supplied 981:Radioplane Company 956:The film star and 897:military personnel 833: 821: 813: 797: 707:Composite criteria 632:Degree of autonomy 585:Micro air vehicles 463:Medium range UAVs 388:< 3,500 ft 383:< 1,200 ft 215:aerodynamic forces 200:aerial photography 149:product deliveries 137:aerial photography 131:without any human 113: 93: 81: 78:aerial photography 60: 49: 12410: 12409: 12406: 12405: 12372: 12371: 12364:KAI KF-21 Boramae 12343: 12342: 12291: 12290: 12262: 12261: 12196: 12195: 12139: 12138: 12092: 12091: 12040: 12039: 12011: 12010: 11964: 11963: 11892: 11891: 11774: 11773: 11684: 11683: 11655: 11654: 11380:stealth aircrafts 11345: 11344: 11341: 11340: 11337: 11336: 11329:World War II jets 11297: 11296: 10992:Military aircraft 10981: 10980: 10977: 10976: 10973: 10972: 10955:By date and usage 10935: 10934: 10931: 10930: 10827:Regional airliner 10527:Electric aircraft 10500:By characteristic 10473: 10472: 10250:Lists of aircraft 10115:978-0-8168-6654-0 10011:"UAS Class Label" 9694:978-989-758-555-5 9250:Teton Valley News 9065:finance.yahoo.com 8702:(10): 4005–4015. 8138:. 26 March 2020. 7621:on 8 January 2015 7487:. 19 March 2021. 7292:10.1111/ibi.12993 6921:on 23 April 2011. 6570:bdml.stanford.edu 6429:979-8-3503-3357-2 6404:. pp. 1–10. 6241:978-1-7281-5083-3 5975:(7553): 460–466. 5540:978-1-5386-8094-0 5422:Hambling, David. 5357:Singer, Peter W. 5204:978-3-540-97161-0 5015:. HarperCollins. 4918:, p. 78, 79. 4688:978-0-262-02922-3 4539:978-0-8018-6442-1 4494:978-1-85109-488-2 4455:978-0-253-02339-1 4416:978-0-19-028959-1 4371:978-1-4738-2997-8 3649:. 17 April 2017. 3626:10.3390/w11030604 3593:10.3390/w10030264 3560:10.3390/w10050655 3400:978-0-323-85283-8 3263:Telecommunication 3150:MARSS Interceptor 2851:search and rescue 2514:in the background 2486:Micro air vehicle 2293: 2292: 2137:disaster recovery 1981:or homing beacon. 1979:image recognition 1891:radio transmitter 1802: 1801: 1789:Operating system 1692: 1691: 1445:blended wing body 1317:against Armenia. 1091:Wide World Photos 935:Charles Kettering 786:Winston Churchill 626: 625: 610:< 250 gm 565: 564: 516: 515: 460:Short range UAVs 457:Close range UAVs 435: 434: 373:>1,320 lb 368:>1,320 lb 139:, area coverage, 16:(Redirected from 12445: 12381: 12380: 12352: 12351: 12300: 12299: 12271: 12270: 12205: 12204: 12148: 12147: 12101: 12100: 12049: 12048: 12020: 12019: 11973: 11972: 11903: 11902: 11783: 11782: 11693: 11692: 11664: 11663: 11402: 11401: 11372: 11365: 11358: 11349: 11348: 11067: 11066: 11000: 10999: 10987: 10986: 10941: 10940: 10751: 10750: 10740: 10739: 10729: 10728: 10718: 10717: 10707: 10706: 10696: 10695: 10685: 10684: 10674: 10673: 10507: 10506: 10496: 10495: 10492: 10491: 10479: 10478: 10258: 10257: 10243: 10236: 10229: 10220: 10219: 10178: 10176: 10170:. Archived from 10165: 10142: 10118: 10100: 10099:on 6 March 2016. 10098: 10092:. Archived from 10087: 10061: 10060: 10058: 10056: 10037: 10031: 10030: 10028: 10026: 10007: 10001: 10000: 9998: 9996: 9977: 9971: 9970: 9968: 9966: 9947: 9941: 9940: 9938: 9936: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9899: 9892: 9881: 9875: 9874: 9872: 9870: 9851: 9845: 9844: 9818: 9798: 9792: 9791: 9785: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9757: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9746: 9731: 9725: 9724: 9722: 9720: 9705: 9699: 9698: 9678: 9661: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9636: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9616:. 6 March 2017. 9610: 9604: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9579: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9548: 9542: 9541: 9539: 9537: 9517: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9506: 9487: 9481: 9480: 9478: 9476: 9460: 9454: 9453: 9443: 9435: 9429: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9404: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9393: 9374: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9363: 9341: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9330: 9310: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9272: 9266: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9241: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9230: 9214: 9208: 9207: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9160: 9154: 9151:Vombatus ursinus 9147: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9136: 9117: 9111: 9110: 9108: 9106: 9087: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9057: 9051: 9050: 9040: 9012: 9006: 9005: 8995: 8975: 8969: 8968: 8958: 8941:(8): 1657–1665. 8926: 8920: 8919: 8909: 8877: 8871: 8870: 8845:(7): 1405–1417. 8830: 8824: 8823: 8813: 8789: 8783: 8782: 8772: 8748: 8742: 8741: 8739: 8737: 8719: 8687: 8681: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8620: 8614: 8613: 8585: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8574: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8467: 8461: 8460: 8450: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8392: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8366: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8340: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8252: 8246: 8245: 8243: 8241: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8188: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8158: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8126: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8110:on 17 April 2018 8106:. Archived from 8085: 8079: 8078: 8073:. Archived from 8063: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8033: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8022: 7994: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7968: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7948:. 4 April 2017. 7938: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7927: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7889: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7859: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7826: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7791: 7783: 7777: 7776: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7734: 7728: 7727: 7715: 7709: 7708: 7696: 7690: 7689: 7677: 7668: 7667: 7655: 7649: 7648: 7637: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7626: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7596: 7574: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7560: 7545: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7516: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7451: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7420: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7384: 7378: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7333: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7271: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7260: 7240: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7209: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7179: 7173: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7162: 7151: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7111: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7096:. Archived from 7091: 7082: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7065: 7054: 7045: 7039: 7038: 7026: 7020: 7019: 7004: 6998: 6997: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6966:. Spacewar.com. 6960: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6940:. Archived from 6929: 6923: 6922: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6877:on 30 July 2013. 6873:. Archived from 6867: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6826:, archived from 6825: 6815: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6784: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6773: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6664: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6592: 6586: 6585: 6583: 6581: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6532: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6470: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6413: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6347: 6339: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6292: 6281: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6198: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6141: 6131: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6016: 5960: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5921:on 1 April 2016. 5917:. Archived from 5904: 5898: 5897: 5896:on 16 April 2016 5895: 5889:, archived from 5864: 5838: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5780: 5762: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5713: 5695: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5650: 5641: 5635: 5634: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5500: 5498: 5482: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5450: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5419: 5413: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5386: 5380: 5379:, November 2009. 5355: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5321: 5315: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5272: 5265: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5190: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5072: 5066: 5060: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4995: 4993: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4950: 4948: 4925: 4919: 4913: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4889: 4883: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4820: 4818: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4763: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4746: 4740:. Archived from 4735: 4726: 4720: 4717: 4711: 4704: 4693: 4692: 4670: 4664: 4653: 4647: 4635: 4629: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4594: 4559: 4550: 4544: 4543: 4527: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4439: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4404: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4355: 4349: 4336: 4330: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4282:: 219399 Bytes. 4280:UAV Technologies 4271: 4265: 4264: 4258: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4214: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4132: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4052: 4045: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4003: 3997: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3961: 3954: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3920: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3837:. Archived from 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3812:. Archived from 3811: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3686: 3680: 3671:Note; the term " 3669: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3517: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3464: 3447:(3): 1545–1559. 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3385: 3376: 3369: 3360: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3322: 3313: 3312: 3307: 3305: 3296:. Archived from 3294:Airpower Journal 3285: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3249: 3248: 3237: 3236: 3235: 3225: 3224: 3223: 3216: 2861:Humanitarian Aid 2817:on trailer setup 2721:Drone journalism 2529:Northrop Grumman 2355:Amazon Prime Air 2279:QinetiQ Zephyr 7 2247:RQ-4 Global Hawk 2156: 2152: 2045:machine learning 1855:for control and 1744: 1740: 1687: 1684: 1678: 1666: 1665: 1658: 1558:system-on-a-chip 1265:As of 2012, the 1244:AGM-114 Hellfire 1242:, that launched 1188:1982 Lebanon War 1154:During the 1973 1098:War of Attrition 846:aircraft carrier 756:Nuclear-powered: 593:or Small (SUAV) 575: 574: 552:< 50 cm 535:Mini/Small UAVs 526: 525: 466:Long range UAVs 448: 447: 425:(460 km/h) 423:< 250 kn 420:(460 km/h) 418:< 250 kn 415:(190 km/h) 413:< 100 kn 354:Max take-off wt 311: 310: 109:MQ-8B Fire Scout 21: 12453: 12452: 12448: 12447: 12446: 12444: 12443: 12442: 12413: 12412: 12411: 12402: 12368: 12339: 12316: 12287: 12283:Flygsystem 2020 12258: 12235: 12217: 12192: 12183:Dassault nEUROn 12164: 12135: 12131:Dassault nEUROn 12117: 12088: 12070: 12066:Sukhoi/HAL FGFA 12036: 12007: 11989: 11960: 11942: 11924: 11898: 11888: 11865: 11847: 11843:Sukhoi/HAL FGFA 11809: 11795:Yakovlev Yak-43 11770: 11751:AVIC Dark Sword 11732: 11714: 11680: 11651: 11605: 11552: 11529: 11511: 11488: 11397: 11391: 11382: 11376: 11346: 11333: 11293: 11056: 11047:Submarine-borne 11042:Maritime patrol 10994: 10969: 10946: 10927: 10906: 10892: 10864: 10838: 10810: 10789: 10758: 10659: 10648:very light jets 10631: 10617: 10591: 10501: 10486: 10469: 10263: 10252: 10247: 10210:Wayback Machine 10199: 10174: 10163: 10125: 10123:Further reading 10116: 10096: 10085: 10070: 10065: 10064: 10054: 10052: 10039: 10038: 10034: 10024: 10022: 10017:. August 2022. 10009: 10008: 10004: 9994: 9992: 9979: 9978: 9974: 9964: 9962: 9949: 9948: 9944: 9934: 9932: 9917: 9913: 9903: 9901: 9900:on 4 March 2016 9897: 9890: 9882: 9878: 9868: 9866: 9853: 9852: 9848: 9799: 9795: 9779: 9778: 9771: 9769: 9758: 9754: 9744: 9742: 9733: 9732: 9728: 9718: 9716: 9707: 9706: 9702: 9695: 9662: 9658: 9637: 9633: 9623: 9621: 9612: 9611: 9607: 9597: 9595: 9580: 9576: 9566: 9564: 9549: 9545: 9535: 9533: 9518: 9514: 9504: 9502: 9489: 9488: 9484: 9474: 9472: 9461: 9457: 9436: 9432: 9422: 9420: 9405: 9401: 9391: 9389: 9376: 9375: 9371: 9361: 9359: 9342: 9338: 9328: 9326: 9311: 9307: 9297: 9295: 9274: 9273: 9269: 9259: 9257: 9242: 9238: 9228: 9226: 9215: 9211: 9200: 9196: 9186: 9184: 9177: 9161: 9157: 9148: 9144: 9134: 9132: 9119: 9118: 9114: 9104: 9102: 9101:on 29 June 2018 9089: 9088: 9084: 9074: 9072: 9059: 9058: 9054: 9013: 9009: 8976: 8972: 8927: 8923: 8878: 8874: 8831: 8827: 8790: 8786: 8749: 8745: 8735: 8733: 8688: 8684: 8674: 8672: 8621: 8617: 8586: 8582: 8572: 8570: 8535: 8531: 8521: 8519: 8468: 8464: 8419: 8415: 8405: 8403: 8394: 8393: 8389: 8379: 8377: 8368: 8367: 8363: 8353: 8351: 8341: 8337: 8327: 8325: 8312: 8311: 8307: 8297: 8295: 8284: 8280: 8270: 8268: 8253: 8249: 8239: 8237: 8222: 8221: 8217: 8207: 8205: 8200:. 7 June 2018. 8190: 8189: 8185: 8175: 8173: 8160: 8159: 8155: 8145: 8143: 8128: 8127: 8123: 8113: 8111: 8086: 8082: 8065: 8064: 8060: 8050: 8048: 8035: 8034: 8030: 8020: 8018: 7995: 7991: 7981: 7979: 7970: 7969: 7965: 7955: 7953: 7940: 7939: 7935: 7925: 7923: 7910: 7909: 7905: 7890: 7886: 7876: 7874: 7861: 7860: 7856: 7846: 7844: 7827: 7823: 7813: 7811: 7784: 7780: 7766: 7762: 7752: 7750: 7735: 7731: 7716: 7712: 7697: 7693: 7678: 7671: 7656: 7652: 7639: 7638: 7634: 7624: 7622: 7609: 7608: 7604: 7594: 7592: 7575: 7568: 7558: 7556: 7547: 7546: 7539: 7529: 7527: 7518: 7517: 7504: 7494: 7492: 7479: 7478: 7474: 7464: 7462: 7453: 7452: 7443: 7433: 7431: 7422: 7421: 7414: 7385: 7381: 7371: 7369: 7354:10.1145/3347713 7334: 7327: 7317: 7315: 7272: 7268: 7258: 7256: 7241: 7237: 7227: 7225: 7210: 7206: 7196: 7194: 7181: 7180: 7176: 7166: 7164: 7160: 7149: 7143: 7139: 7129: 7127: 7112: 7108: 7100: 7089: 7083: 7079: 7069: 7067: 7063: 7052: 7046: 7042: 7027: 7023: 7006: 7005: 7001: 6996:on 24 May 2011. 6988: 6987: 6983: 6973: 6971: 6962: 6961: 6957: 6947: 6945: 6944:on 2 April 2015 6932:Simonite, Tom. 6930: 6926: 6913: 6912: 6908: 6898: 6896: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6869: 6868: 6864: 6854: 6852: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6830: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6812: 6802: 6800: 6785: 6781: 6771: 6769: 6764:. 20 May 2015. 6756: 6755: 6751: 6741: 6739: 6726: 6725: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6696: 6695: 6691: 6681: 6679: 6666: 6665: 6661: 6624: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6593: 6589: 6579: 6577: 6564: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6534: 6533: 6529: 6519: 6517: 6494: 6490: 6471: 6467: 6457: 6455: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6430: 6398: 6394: 6384: 6382: 6369: 6368: 6364: 6356: 6345: 6341: 6340: 6336: 6326: 6324: 6311: 6310: 6306: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6279: 6273: 6269: 6259: 6257: 6242: 6216: 6212: 6159: 6155: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6028: 6024: 6014: 6012: 5961: 5952: 5942: 5940: 5930: 5926: 5905: 5901: 5893: 5862:10.1.1.650.3728 5836: 5830: 5826: 5816: 5814: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5731: 5727: 5664: 5660: 5648: 5642: 5638: 5623: 5619: 5609: 5607: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5584: 5582: 5580:Army Technology 5572: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5541: 5513: 5509: 5496: 5494: 5483: 5479: 5469: 5467: 5462:. 29 May 2021. 5452: 5451: 5447: 5437: 5435: 5420: 5416: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5387: 5383: 5377:Wayback Machine 5366:Wayback Machine 5356: 5349: 5339: 5337: 5322: 5318: 5308: 5306: 5290: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5270: 5263: 5255: 5251: 5216: 5212: 5205: 5191: 5187: 5177: 5175: 5170:. p. A10. 5158: 5154: 5144: 5142: 5125: 5121: 5111: 5109: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5061: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5034: 5030: 5023: 5009: 5005: 4991: 4989: 4982: 4963: 4959: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4926: 4922: 4914: 4910: 4902: 4898: 4890: 4886: 4878: 4874: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4833: 4829: 4816: 4814: 4807: 4791: 4787: 4777: 4775: 4764: 4760: 4750: 4748: 4744: 4733: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4714: 4705: 4696: 4689: 4671: 4667: 4655:Randy Alfred, " 4654: 4650: 4636: 4632: 4614:Tapan K. Sarkar 4612: 4608: 4598: 4596: 4592: 4557: 4551: 4547: 4540: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4495: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4456: 4440: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4417: 4395: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4372: 4356: 4352: 4346:Wayback Machine 4337: 4333: 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4272: 4268: 4252: 4251: 4244: 4242: 4232: 4228: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4101: 4097: 4070: 4066: 4056: 4054: 4053:on 4 March 2016 4050: 4043: 4035: 4031: 4021: 4019: 4004: 4000: 3996:, 29 June 2021. 3988:Wayback Machine 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3933: 3931: 3922: 3921: 3910: 3900: 3898: 3893:. 1 June 2019. 3885: 3884: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3844: 3842: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3816: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3773: 3769: 3759: 3757: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3729: 3727: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3701: 3688: 3687: 3683: 3670: 3666: 3656: 3654: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3605: 3601: 3572: 3568: 3539:Sharp, Julia L. 3535: 3531: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3401: 3387: 3386: 3379: 3370: 3363: 3354: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3323: 3316: 3303: 3301: 3300:on 24 July 2009 3286: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3243: 3239:Systems science 3233: 3231: 3221: 3219: 3211: 3209: 3110: 3098: 3096:Export controls 3081: 3039: 3033: 3012: 2984: 2979: 2977:Countermeasures 2966: 2946: 2911:hot air balloon 2906: 2901: 2888: 2878: 2869: 2863: 2844: 2838: 2836:Law enforcement 2808: 2802: 2773: 2732: 2723: 2717: 2701: 2691: 2679:American police 2677:since 2017 and 2624: 2605:target practice 2525:Lockheed Martin 2521:General Atomics 2492: 2464:Main articles: 2462: 2425:cargo transport 2388:law enforcement 2372:disaster relief 2350: 2344: 2325:flight envelope 2318:fault tolerance 2310: 2271:28–31 July 2008 2163: 2125:low Earth orbit 2114:Reynolds number 2074: 2062: 2060:Flight envelope 2057: 2049:computer vision 2041:cognitive radio 1990:Pre-programmed 1931: 1925: 1902:military powers 1849: 1811: 1809:Loop principles 1688: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1667: 1663: 1656: 1624: 1586: 1581: 1542: 1523: 1480: 1428: 1380: 1224:AAI Pioneer UAV 1220:AAI Corporation 1196: 1137:George S. Brown 1059:shot down a U-2 1050:. In 1959, the 1017: 997:V-1 flying bomb 977: 842:balloon carrier 838: 829:Tadiran Mastiff 779: 773: 759:implementation. 721: 709: 659: 634: 570: 547:Length/Wingspan 521: 443: 424: 419: 414: 405:(5,500 m) 404: 400:(5,500 m) 399: 395:(5,500 m) 394: 390:(1,100 m) 389: 384: 374: 369: 358: 357:< 20 lb 298: 264:(ICAO) and the 224:kamikaze drones 161: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12451: 12441: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12408: 12407: 12404: 12403: 12401: 12400: 12395: 12393:IAIO Qaher-313 12389: 12387: 12378: 12374: 12373: 12370: 12369: 12367: 12366: 12360: 12358: 12349: 12345: 12344: 12341: 12340: 12338: 12337: 12332: 12326: 12324: 12318: 12317: 12315: 12314: 12308: 12306: 12297: 12293: 12292: 12289: 12288: 12286: 12285: 12279: 12277: 12268: 12264: 12263: 12260: 12259: 12257: 12256: 12254:Airbus Wingman 12251: 12249:EADS Barracuda 12245: 12243: 12237: 12236: 12234: 12233: 12227: 12225: 12219: 12218: 12215:MBB Lampyridae 12213: 12211: 12202: 12198: 12197: 12194: 12193: 12191: 12190: 12188:Airbus Wingman 12185: 12180: 12178:EADS Barracuda 12174: 12172: 12166: 12165: 12163: 12162: 12156: 12154: 12145: 12141: 12140: 12137: 12136: 12134: 12133: 12127: 12125: 12119: 12118: 12116: 12115: 12109: 12107: 12098: 12094: 12093: 12090: 12089: 12087: 12086: 12080: 12078: 12072: 12071: 12069: 12068: 12063: 12057: 12055: 12046: 12042: 12041: 12038: 12037: 12035: 12034: 12028: 12026: 12017: 12013: 12012: 12009: 12008: 12006: 12005: 11999: 11997: 11991: 11990: 11988: 11987: 11981: 11979: 11970: 11966: 11965: 11962: 11961: 11959: 11958: 11952: 11950: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11940: 11934: 11932: 11926: 11925: 11923: 11922: 11917: 11911: 11909: 11900: 11894: 11893: 11890: 11889: 11887: 11886: 11881: 11875: 11873: 11867: 11866: 11864: 11863: 11861:Tupolev PAK DA 11857: 11855: 11849: 11848: 11846: 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11828:Mikoyan PAK DP 11825: 11819: 11817: 11811: 11810: 11808: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11791: 11789: 11780: 11776: 11775: 11772: 11771: 11769: 11768: 11763: 11761:CASC Rainbow-7 11758: 11753: 11748: 11742: 11740: 11734: 11733: 11731: 11730: 11724: 11722: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11712: 11710:Shenyang FC-31 11707: 11701: 11699: 11690: 11686: 11685: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11678: 11672: 11670: 11661: 11657: 11656: 11653: 11652: 11650: 11649: 11644: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11613: 11611: 11607: 11606: 11604: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11562: 11560: 11554: 11553: 11551: 11550: 11545: 11539: 11537: 11531: 11530: 11528: 11527: 11521: 11519: 11513: 11512: 11510: 11509: 11504: 11498: 11496: 11490: 11489: 11487: 11486: 11484:Northrop YF-23 11481: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11449:Lockheed YF-22 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11410: 11408: 11399: 11393: 11392: 11387: 11384: 11383: 11375: 11374: 11367: 11360: 11352: 11343: 11342: 11339: 11338: 11335: 11334: 11332: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11305: 11303: 11299: 11298: 11295: 11294: 11292: 11291: 11286: 11284:United Kingdom 11281: 11276: 11271: 11266: 11261: 11256: 11251: 11246: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11129:Czech Republic 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11070: 11064: 11058: 11057: 11055: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11028: 11027: 11017: 11012: 11006: 11004: 10996: 10995: 10983: 10982: 10979: 10978: 10975: 10974: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10967: 10962: 10960:By tail number 10957: 10951: 10948: 10947: 10937: 10936: 10933: 10932: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10909: 10907: 10905: 10904: 10901: 10897: 10894: 10893: 10891: 10890: 10885: 10884: 10883: 10872: 10870: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10846: 10844: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10836: 10835: 10834: 10824: 10818: 10816: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10808: 10803: 10797: 10795: 10791: 10790: 10788: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10766: 10764: 10760: 10759: 10757: 10756: 10745: 10734: 10723: 10712: 10701: 10690: 10679: 10667: 10665: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10657: 10655:Large aircraft 10652: 10651: 10650: 10643:Light aircraft 10640: 10634: 10632: 10630: 10629: 10626: 10622: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10599: 10597: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10552:Rocket-powered 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10513: 10511: 10503: 10502: 10488: 10487: 10484:Civil aircraft 10475: 10474: 10471: 10470: 10468: 10467: 10458: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10268: 10265: 10264: 10254: 10253: 10246: 10245: 10238: 10231: 10223: 10217: 10216: 10198: 10197:External links 10195: 10194: 10193: 10179: 10168:Science direct 10156: 10143: 10124: 10121: 10120: 10119: 10114: 10101: 10078: 10069: 10066: 10063: 10062: 10032: 10002: 9972: 9942: 9911: 9876: 9846: 9793: 9752: 9726: 9700: 9693: 9656: 9631: 9605: 9574: 9543: 9512: 9482: 9455: 9430: 9399: 9369: 9336: 9305: 9267: 9236: 9209: 9194: 9175: 9155: 9142: 9112: 9082: 9052: 9007: 8970: 8921: 8872: 8825: 8784: 8743: 8682: 8635:(6): 693–712. 8615: 8596:(2): 357–363. 8580: 8549:(1): 132–146. 8529: 8462: 8413: 8387: 8361: 8335: 8305: 8278: 8247: 8215: 8183: 8153: 8121: 8080: 8058: 8028: 7989: 7963: 7933: 7903: 7884: 7854: 7821: 7778: 7760: 7729: 7710: 7691: 7669: 7650: 7647:. 29 May 2018. 7632: 7602: 7566: 7537: 7502: 7472: 7441: 7412: 7399:(1): 385–400. 7379: 7325: 7286:(1): 320–328. 7266: 7235: 7204: 7174: 7137: 7106: 7077: 7040: 7021: 6999: 6981: 6955: 6924: 6906: 6895:on 22 May 2016 6880: 6862: 6836: 6810: 6779: 6762:www.gizmag.com 6749: 6719: 6689: 6659: 6638:(3): 250–256. 6618: 6587: 6557: 6527: 6488: 6465: 6435: 6428: 6392: 6362: 6334: 6304: 6267: 6240: 6210: 6153: 6108:Remote Sensing 6093: 6063: 6022: 5950: 5924: 5899: 5824: 5792: 5725: 5658: 5636: 5617: 5592: 5566: 5539: 5507: 5489:. Al Jazeera. 5477: 5445: 5414: 5405: 5396: 5381: 5347: 5316: 5284: 5249: 5230:(6): 769–792. 5210: 5203: 5185: 5152: 5119: 5093: 5067: 5065:, p. 208. 5052: 5040: 5038:, p. 202. 5028: 5021: 5003: 4980: 4957: 4940: 4920: 4908: 4896: 4894:, p. xii. 4884: 4872: 4860: 4853: 4827: 4805: 4785: 4758: 4721: 4712: 4694: 4687: 4665: 4648: 4630: 4606: 4545: 4538: 4512: 4493: 4473: 4454: 4434: 4422: 4415: 4389: 4370: 4350: 4331: 4318: 4293: 4266: 4226: 4169: 4144: 4095: 4064: 4029: 3998: 3973: 3941: 3908: 3878: 3852: 3835:www.sesarju.eu 3822: 3798: 3767: 3737: 3711: 3681: 3664: 3632: 3599: 3566: 3529: 3488: 3426: 3399: 3377: 3361: 3348: 3314: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3265: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3208: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3125:Drone in a Box 3122: 3120:Delivery drone 3117: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3097: 3094: 3080: 3077: 3035:Main article: 3032: 3029: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2965: 2962: 2945: 2942: 2924:Drones caused 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2877: 2874: 2867:Delivery drone 2862: 2859: 2840:Main article: 2837: 2834: 2804:Main article: 2801: 2798: 2772: 2769: 2761:photogrammetry 2757: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2740: 2731: 2728: 2716: 2713: 2690: 2687: 2652:Autel Robotics 2623: 2620: 2593:reconnaissance 2581:flapping-wing 2564:miniature UAVs 2461: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2445:thermal energy 2402: 2399: 2365: 2346:Main article: 2343: 2340: 2309: 2306: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2286:9–23 July 2010 2284: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2265:Solar Electric 2263:QinetiQ Zephyr 2259: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2239:September 2007 2237: 2234: 2233:Solar Electric 2231:QinetiQ Zephyr 2227: 2226: 2221: 2220:11 August 2003 2218: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2160: 2129:weather drones 2073: 2070: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1949: 1946: 1927:Main article: 1924: 1921: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1898: 1848: 1847:Communications 1845: 1844: 1843: 1836:PID controller 1829: 1810: 1807: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1778:Time-critical 1776: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1764:Time-critical 1762: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1690: 1689: 1670: 1668: 1661: 1655: 1652: 1623: 1620: 1612:hyper-spectral 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1541: 1538: 1525:Flapping-wing 1522: 1519: 1479: 1476: 1427: 1424: 1379: 1376: 1341:missions. The 1257:European Union 1238:, such as the 1206:was the first 1195: 1192: 1162:-batteries in 1156:Yom Kippur War 1110:Yom Kippur War 1102:reconnaissance 1075:Ryan Model 147 1052:U.S. Air Force 1038:offered their 1016: 1015:Postwar period 1013: 976: 973: 962:Reginald Denny 958:model-airplane 951:aerial torpedo 913:Zeebrugge Raid 854:naval aviation 837: 834: 775:Main article: 772: 769: 768: 767: 760: 753: 749:Solar-powered: 746: 739: 732: 720: 717: 708: 705: 704: 703: 700: 697: 694: 691: 685: 679: 676: 673: 670: 658: 655: 633: 630: 624: 623: 622:≥ 150 kg 620: 617: 614: 611: 608: 601: 600: 597: 594: 588: 582: 579: 569: 566: 563: 562: 559: 556: 553: 550: 543: 542: 539: 536: 533: 530: 520: 517: 514: 513: 512:> 36 or 48 510: 509:12 – 36 or 48 507: 504: 501: 498: 495:Endurance (hr) 491: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 468: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 452: 442: 439: 433: 432: 429: 426: 421: 416: 411: 407: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 377: 376: 375:(600 kg) 371: 370:(600 kg) 366: 363: 360: 359:(9.1 kg) 355: 351: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 335: 331: 330: 327: 324: 321: 318: 315: 297: 294: 160: 157: 111:are also used. 43:Elbit Systems 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12450: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12420: 12418: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12390: 12388: 12386: 12382: 12379: 12375: 12365: 12362: 12361: 12359: 12357: 12353: 12350: 12346: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12327: 12325: 12323: 12319: 12313: 12310: 12309: 12307: 12305: 12301: 12298: 12294: 12284: 12281: 12280: 12278: 12276: 12272: 12269: 12265: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12246: 12244: 12242: 12238: 12232: 12229: 12228: 12226: 12224: 12220: 12216: 12212: 12210: 12206: 12203: 12199: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12175: 12173: 12171: 12167: 12161: 12158: 12157: 12155: 12153: 12149: 12146: 12142: 12132: 12129: 12128: 12126: 12124: 12120: 12114: 12111: 12110: 12108: 12106: 12102: 12099: 12095: 12085: 12082: 12081: 12079: 12077: 12073: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12058: 12056: 12054: 12050: 12047: 12043: 12033: 12030: 12029: 12027: 12025: 12021: 12018: 12014: 12004: 12001: 12000: 11998: 11996: 11992: 11986: 11983: 11982: 11980: 11978: 11974: 11971: 11967: 11957: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11949: 11945: 11939: 11936: 11935: 11933: 11931: 11927: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11912: 11910: 11908: 11904: 11901: 11895: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11876: 11874: 11872: 11868: 11862: 11859: 11858: 11856: 11854: 11850: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11820: 11818: 11816: 11812: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11792: 11790: 11788: 11784: 11781: 11777: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11743: 11741: 11739: 11735: 11729: 11726: 11725: 11723: 11721: 11717: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11702: 11700: 11698: 11694: 11691: 11687: 11677: 11674: 11673: 11671: 11669: 11665: 11662: 11658: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11614: 11612: 11608: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11563: 11561: 11559: 11555: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11540: 11538: 11536: 11532: 11526: 11523: 11522: 11520: 11518: 11514: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11499: 11497: 11495: 11491: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11411: 11409: 11407: 11403: 11400: 11394: 11390: 11385: 11381: 11373: 11368: 11366: 11361: 11359: 11354: 11353: 11350: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11300: 11290: 11289:United States 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11071: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11059: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11032:Carrier-based 11030: 11026: 11023: 11022: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11007: 11005: 11001: 10997: 10993: 10988: 10984: 10966: 10965:Most-produced 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10952: 10949: 10942: 10938: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10913:Business jets 10911: 10910: 10908: 10902: 10899: 10898: 10895: 10889: 10886: 10882: 10879: 10878: 10877: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10869:Rotor-powered 10867: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10847: 10845: 10841: 10833: 10830: 10829: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10819: 10817: 10813: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10801:Jet airliners 10799: 10798: 10796: 10792: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10763:Engine number 10761: 10755: 10746: 10744: 10735: 10733: 10724: 10722: 10713: 10711: 10702: 10700: 10691: 10689: 10680: 10678: 10669: 10668: 10666: 10662: 10656: 10653: 10649: 10646: 10645: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10635: 10633: 10627: 10624: 10623: 10620: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10594: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10542:Human-powered 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10514: 10512: 10508: 10504: 10497: 10493: 10489: 10485: 10480: 10476: 10466: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10269: 10266: 10259: 10255: 10251: 10244: 10239: 10237: 10232: 10230: 10225: 10224: 10221: 10215: 10211: 10207: 10204: 10201: 10200: 10192: 10191:9781771131544 10188: 10184: 10180: 10173: 10169: 10162: 10157: 10154: 10150: 10149: 10144: 10140: 10136: 10133:(39): 18–27. 10132: 10127: 10126: 10117: 10111: 10107: 10102: 10095: 10091: 10084: 10079: 10076: 10072: 10071: 10050: 10046: 10042: 10036: 10020: 10016: 10012: 10006: 9990: 9986: 9982: 9976: 9960: 9956: 9952: 9946: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9915: 9896: 9889: 9888: 9880: 9864: 9860: 9856: 9850: 9842: 9838: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9808: 9804: 9797: 9789: 9783: 9767: 9763: 9756: 9740: 9736: 9730: 9714: 9710: 9704: 9696: 9690: 9686: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9668: 9660: 9651: 9646: 9642: 9635: 9619: 9615: 9609: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9578: 9562: 9558: 9554: 9547: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9516: 9500: 9496: 9492: 9486: 9470: 9466: 9459: 9451: 9447: 9442: 9434: 9418: 9414: 9410: 9403: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9373: 9357: 9353: 9352: 9347: 9340: 9324: 9320: 9316: 9309: 9293: 9289: 9285: 9281: 9280:The Economist 9277: 9271: 9255: 9251: 9247: 9240: 9224: 9220: 9213: 9205: 9198: 9182: 9178: 9176:9781508145028 9172: 9168: 9167: 9166:Police Drones 9159: 9152: 9146: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9116: 9100: 9096: 9095:Drone Addicts 9092: 9086: 9070: 9066: 9062: 9056: 9048: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9011: 9003: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8985: 8981: 8974: 8966: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8925: 8917: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8899: 8895: 8892:(1): 012009. 8891: 8887: 8883: 8876: 8868: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8829: 8821: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8788: 8780: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8747: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8718: 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K. 4961: 4954: 4943: 4941:9781782004318 4937: 4933: 4932: 4924: 4917: 4912: 4906:, p. 79. 4905: 4900: 4893: 4888: 4881: 4876: 4870:, p. xi. 4869: 4864: 4856: 4854:9780262029223 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4831: 4824: 4812: 4808: 4806:9781557507709 4802: 4798: 4797: 4789: 4773: 4769: 4762: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4725: 4716: 4709: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4690: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4658: 4652: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4627: 4626:0-471-71814-9 4623: 4619: 4615: 4610: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4541: 4535: 4531: 4526: 4525: 4516: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4486: 4485: 4477: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4447: 4446: 4438: 4431: 4426: 4418: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4402: 4393: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4354: 4347: 4343: 4340: 4335: 4328: 4322: 4307: 4303: 4297: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4270: 4262: 4256: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4183:Energy and AI 4180: 4173: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4099: 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Meyer 1142: 1139:, Commander, 1138: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1083:Lockheed D-21 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1029:Teledyne Ryan 1026: 1022: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1005:Fascist Italy 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 972: 970: 965: 963: 959: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 931:Kettering Bug 928: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 893: 891: 887: 883: 882: 877: 872: 870: 866: 865: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 830: 825: 817: 810: 806: 801: 795:, 6 June 1941 794: 791: 787: 783: 778: 764: 761: 757: 754: 752:applications. 750: 747: 745:requirements. 743: 740: 736: 733: 729: 726: 725: 724: 719:Power Sources 716: 714: 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 667: 666: 664: 663:ParcAberporth 654: 652: 648: 644: 640: 629: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 603: 602: 598: 595: 592: 591:Miniature UAV 589: 586: 583: 580: 577: 576: 573: 560: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 544: 540: 537: 534: 531: 528: 527: 524: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 492: 488: 485: 482: 479: 476: 473: 470: 469: 465: 462: 459: 456: 453: 450: 449: 446: 438: 430: 427: 422: 417: 412: 409: 408: 402: 397: 392: 387: 385:(370 m) 382: 379: 378: 372: 367: 364: 361: 356: 353: 352: 348: 345: 342: 339: 336: 333: 332: 328: 325: 322: 319: 316: 313: 312: 309: 307: 303: 293: 291: 287: 286: 281: 277: 276: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 242: 240: 236: 235: 229: 225: 221: 216: 212: 208: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 164: 156: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 110: 106: 102: 97: 90: 85: 79: 75: 72: 69: 64: 57: 53: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 12398:HESA Shafaq 12321: 12240: 12209:Experimental 12169: 12122: 12075: 11977:Experimental 11947: 11907:Experimental 11879:Mikoyan Skat 11870: 11833:Sukhoi Su-57 11823:Mikoyan LMFS 11800:Sukhoi Su-47 11787:Experimental 11746:Hongdu GJ-11 11737: 11705:Chengdu J-20 11667: 11557: 11406:Experimental 11324:World War II 11249:South Africa 10855:Experimental 10832:regional jet 10664:Manufacturer 10532:Flying wings 10464: 10213: 10182: 10172:the original 10167: 10152: 10146: 10130: 10105: 10094:the original 10089: 10074: 10073:Axe, David. 10068:Bibliography 10053:. 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The USAF 1096:During the 1087:Vietnam War 1048:Vietnam War 960:enthusiast 731:operations. 599:Large UAVs 541:Large UAVs 500:0.5 – 0.75 159:Terminology 12417:Categories 12335:TAI Anka-3 11094:Bangladesh 10923:Flying car 10888:Tiltrotors 10876:Rotorcraft 10710:Bombardier 10567:Supersonic 9869:28 January 9816:2103.09184 9745:21 January 9676:2104.06219 9650:2103.13933 9567:6 December 9536:6 December 9505:19 January 9288:2171135630 9229:16 October 8935:Landslides 8839:Landslides 8763:(3): 212. 8736:12 January 8675:12 January 8573:12 January 8522:12 January 8166:YouUAV.com 8071:Jane's 360 8051:1 December 8021:4 February 7956:13 October 7946:News Ledge 7743:News Ledge 7372:3 November 7318:13 October 7167:4 February 7130:4 February 7070:4 February 6772:4 February 6742:4 February 6682:6 November 6611:4 February 6550:4 February 6520:3 February 6411:2309.00843 6297:4 February 6114:(4): 641. 6086:4 February 6015:26 October 5559:11 January 5309:9 December 5277:9 December 5178:13 January 4992:25 October 4947:25 October 4843:. p. 4466:26 October 4189:: 100175. 4115:: 103377. 3901:16 January 3871:1 February 3845:3 February 3730:12 October 3619:(3): 604. 3586:(3): 264. 3553:(5): 655. 3481:12 January 3419:11 January 3409:1329422815 3270:References 3165:Quadcopter 3130:Glide bomb 3031:Regulation 2964:Aggression 2938:North Fire 2880:See also: 2865:See also: 2781:landslides 2777:geohazards 2719:See also: 2693:See also: 2413:journalism 2409:filmmaking 2401:Commercial 2376:archeology 2368:Recreation 2302:near-space 1992:aerobatics 1861:narrowband 1644:propellers 1560:(SOC) and 1550:multirotor 1478:Propulsion 1472:Multirotor 1468:quadcopter 1433:Air safety 1411:quadcopter 1372:GlobalData 1281:quadcopter 1063:classified 1040:Model 1001 1036:Beechcraft 1001:jet engine 649:, such as 578:Category: 561:> 10 m 529:Category: 472:Range (km) 451:Category: 431:Any speed 428:Any speed 182:and 1930s 105:rotorcraft 74:quadcopter 47:taking off 45:Hermes-450 11728:Xian H-20 11660:Australia 11259:Sri Lanka 11169:Indonesia 11089:Australia 11084:Argentina 10900:Executive 10780:Trimotors 10613:Wide-body 10577:Triplanes 10572:Trimotors 10517:Aerobatic 10139:2051-1930 9841:232240581 9833:0957-4174 9772:5 January 9598:6 January 9475:22 August 9423:22 August 9319:jpost.com 9260:3 October 9047:1682-1750 9002:1674-7755 8965:1612-510X 8916:1755-1307 8867:1612-5118 8820:2504-446X 8804:(1): 30. 8779:2504-446X 8726:1607-7938 8665:254938502 8657:1385-2256 8610:265016887 8512:254281346 8504:0960-3115 8406:26 August 8380:10 August 8354:10 August 8261:East Mojo 8135:Bloomberg 8104:1091-2339 8011:0190-8286 7982:28 August 7898:Consortiq 7804:0362-4331 7362:202676119 7308:237865267 7300:0019-1019 7218:DRONELIFE 6974:27 August 6948:8 January 6899:8 January 6855:8 January 6510:0190-8286 6458:8 October 6385:8 October 6260:8 October 6250:209695691 6187:2215-0161 6148:2072-4292 5938:Embention 5857:CiteSeerX 5769:1932-6203 5702:1932-6203 5340:8 January 5244:154927243 5145:8 January 5112:8 January 5086:8 January 4841:MIT Press 4738:U.S. Army 4679:MIT Press 4586:0081-0207 4505:19 August 4382:19 August 4240:Green.org 4221:2666-5468 4139:0968-090X 3760:8 January 3677:queen bee 3524:2504-446X 3471:1866-3516 3275:Citations 3092:society. 3067:Remote ID 3025:Iron Dome 2934:Lake Fire 2827:backfires 2785:landslide 2695:Drone art 2631:Zipline's 2579:micro UAV 2421:surveying 2396:terrorism 2072:Endurance 1917:Remote ID 1872:broadband 1865:telemetry 1826:Open loop 1761:Firmware 1700:real-time 1698:UAVs are 1628:actuators 1622:Actuators 1531:microUAVs 1420:Autopilot 1344:Ingenuity 1327:Ingenuity 1204:STM Kargu 1176:IAI Scout 1044:U.S. Navy 1032:Firebee I 901:A. 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