Unmanned aerial vehicle

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robotics industry is expected to make progress. Agricultural drones have been used to help build sustainable agriculture all over the world leading to a new generation of agriculture. In this context, there is a proliferation of innovations in both tools and methodologies which allow precise description of vegetation state and also may help to precisely distribute nutrients, pesticides or seeds over a field.

40: 2566:. Since 2010, Chinese drone companies have begun to export large quantities of drones to the global military market. Of the 18 countries that are known to have received military drones between 2010 and 2019, the top 12 all purchased their drones from China. The shift accelerated in the 2020s due to China's advancement in drone technologies and manufacturing, compounded by market demand from the 1199: 2077: 3010:(C-UAS) technologies. Automatic tracking and detection of UAVs from commercial cameras have become accurate thanks to the development of deep learning based machine learning algorithms. It is also possible to automatically identify UAVs across different cameras with different view points and hardware specification with re-identification methods. Commercial systems such as the Aaronia 135:, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs were originally developed through the twentieth century for military missions too "dull, dirty or dangerous" for humans, and by the twenty-first, they had become essential assets to most militaries. As control technologies improved and costs fell, their use expanded to many non-military applications. These include 2685:. These civilian DJI drones were sourced by governments, hobbyists, international donations to Ukraine and Russia to support each side on the battlefield, and were often flown by drone hobbyists recruited by the armed forces. The prevalence of DJI drones was attributable to their market dominance, affordability, high performance, and reliability. 292:). Many similar terms are in use. Under new regulations which came into effect 1 June 2019, the term RPAS has been adopted by the Canadian Government to mean "a set of configurable elements consisting of a remotely piloted aircraft, its control station, the command and control links and any other system elements required during flight operation". 198:. The term remains in common use. In addition to the software, autonomous drones also employ a host of advanced technologies that allow them to carry out their missions without human intervention, such as cloud computing, computer vision, artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and thermal sensors. For recreational uses, an 2965:

states to counter this threat. This is, however, proving difficult. As J. Rogers stated in an interview to A&T "There is a big debate out there at the moment about what the best way is to counter these small UAVs, whether they are used by hobbyists causing a bit of a nuisance or in a more sinister manner by a terrorist actor".

1509:. The energy density of modern Li-Po batteries is far less than gasoline or hydrogen. However electric motors are cheaper, lighter and quieter. Complex multi-engine, multi-propeller installations are under development with the goal of improving aerodynamic and propulsive efficiency. For such complex power installations, 1374:, the global military uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) market, which forms a significant part of the UAV industry, is projected to experience a compound annual growth rate of 4.8% over the next decade. This represents a near doubling in market size, from $ 12.5 billion in 2024 to an estimated $ 20 billion by 2034. 2734:

UASs or UAVs offer the great advantage for environmental monitoring to generate a new generation of survey at very-high or ultra-high resolution both in space and time. This gives the opportunity to bridge the existing gap between satellite data and field monitoring. This has stimulated a huge number

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In the early 2010s, Israeli companies mainly focus on small surveillance UAV systems, and by the number of drones, Israel exported 60.7% (2014) of UAVs on the market while the United States exported 23.9% (2014). Between 2010 and 2014, there were 439 drones exchanged compared to 322 in the five years

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Due to the open-source nature of UAV software, they can be customized to fit specific applications. For example, researchers from the Technical University of Košice have replaced the default control algorithm of the PX4 autopilot. This flexibility and collaborative effort has led to a large number of

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remain in use for drones requiring long range. However, for shorter-range missions electric power has almost entirely taken over. The distance record for a UAV (built from balsa wood and mylar skin) across the North Atlantic Ocean is held by a gasoline model airplane or UAV. Manard Hill "in 2003 when

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UAVs can threaten airspace security in numerous ways, including unintentional collisions or other interference with other aircraft, deliberate attacks or by distracting pilots or flight controllers. The first incident of a drone-airplane collision occurred in mid-October 2017 in Quebec City, Canada.

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Drones could also be classified based on the degree of autonomy in their flight operations. ICAO classifies unmanned aircraft as either remotely piloted aircraft or fully autonomous. Some UAVs offer intermediate degrees of autonomy. For example, a vehicle may be remotely piloted in most contexts but

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UAVs could be loaded with dangerous payloads, and crashed into vulnerable targets. Payloads could include explosives, chemical, radiological or biological hazards. UAVs with generally non-lethal payloads could possibly be hacked and put to malicious purposes. Anti-UAV systems are being developed by

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Drones are ideally suited to capturing aerial shots in photography and cinematography, and are widely used for this purpose. Small drones avoid the need for precise coordination between pilot and cameraman, with the same person taking on both roles. Big drones with professional cine cameras usually

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The civil UAV market is relatively new compared to the military one. Companies are emerging in both developed and developing nations at the same time. Many early-stage startups have received support and funding from investors, as is the case in the United States, and from government agencies, as is

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military drone (at a late stage of development) is such that traversing the first turbulent twelve miles of atmosphere is a hazardous endeavor. It has, however, remained on station at 65,000 feet for 24 hours. Airbus' Zephyr in 2023 has attained 70,000 feet and flown for 64 days; 200 days aimed at.

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used UAVs as decoys to spur opposing forces into wasting expensive anti-aircraft missiles. After the 1973 Yom Kippur war, a few key people from the team that developed this early UAV joined a small startup company that aimed to develop UAVs into a commercial product, eventually purchased by Tadiran

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serves a crucial purpose in the regulation and operation of drones. The label is a verification mechanism designed to confirm that drones within a specific class meet the rigorous standards set by administrations for design and manufacturing. These standards are necessary to ensure the safety and

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alone had 74% of the civil market share in 2018, with no other company accounting for more than 5%. The companies continue to hold over 70% of global market share by 2023, despite under increasing scrutinies and sanctions from the United States. The US Interior Department grounded its fleet of DJI

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In recent years, autonomous drones have begun to transform various application areas as they can fly beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) while maximizing production, reducing costs and risks, ensuring site safety, security and regulatory compliance, and protecting the human workforce in times of a

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The interest in UAVs cybersecurity has been raised greatly after the Predator UAV video stream hijacking incident in 2009, where Islamic militants used cheap, off-the-shelf equipment to stream video feeds from a UAV. Another risk is the possibility of hijacking or jamming a UAV in flight. Several

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The software running on a UAV is called the autopilot or the flight stack. The purpose of the flight stack is to fly the mission autonomously or with remote-pilot input. An autopilot achieves this by obtaining data from sensors, controlling the motors to make progress along a path, and facilitate

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is also less of a critical requirement for unmanned aircraft, allowing the designer greater freedom to experiment. Instead, UAVs are typically designed around their onboard payloads and their ground equipment. These factors have led to a great variety of airframe and motor configurations in UAVs.

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Perks, Matthew T.; Dal Sasso, Silvano Fortunato; Hauet, Alexandre; Jamieson, Elizabeth; Le Coz, Jérôme; Pearce, Sophie; Peña-Haro, Salvador; Pizarro, Alonso; Strelnikova, Dariia; Tauro, Flavia; Bomhof, James; Grimaldi, Salvatore; Goulet, Alain; Hortobágyi, Borbála; Jodeau, Magali (8 July 2020).

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for artistic and advertising purposes with the main benefits are that they are safer, quieter and better for the environment than fireworks. They can replace or be an adjunct for fireworks displays to reduce the financial burden of festivals. In addition they can complement fireworks due to the

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In 2024 EASA agreed on the first certification basis for a UAV flight controller in compliance with the ETSO-C198 for Embention's autopilot. The certification of the UAV flight control systems aims to facilitate the integration of UAVs within the airspace and the operation of drones in critical

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As global demand for food production grows exponentially, resources are depleted, farmland is reduced, and agricultural labor is increasingly in short supply, there is an urgent need for more convenient and smarter agricultural solutions than traditional methods, and the agricultural drone and

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By providing this assurance to customers, the Class Identification Label helps to increase confidence in drone technology and encourages wider adoption across industries. This, in turn, contributes to the growth and development of the drone industry and supports the integration of drones into

903:'s "Aerial Target" in 1916. Low confirmed that Geoffrey de Havilland's monoplane was the one that flew under control on 21 March 1917 using his radio system. Following this successful demonstration in the spring of 1917 Low was transferred to develop aircraft controlled fast motor launches 1190:, resulting in no pilots downed. In Israel in 1987, UAVs were first used as proof-of-concept of super-agility, post-stall controlled flight in combat-flight simulations that involved tailless, stealth-technology-based, three-dimensional thrust vectoring flight-control, and jet-steering. 4990:

During the Yom Kippur War the Israelis used Teledyne Ryan 124 R RPVs along with the home-grown Scout and Mastiff UAVs for reconnaissance, surveillance, and as decoys to draw fire from Arab SAMs. This resulted in Arab forces expending costly and scarce missiles on inappropriate targets

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UAVs can be designed in different configurations than manned aircraft both because there is no need for a cockpit and its windows, and there is no need to optimize for human comfort, although some UAVs are adapted from piloted examples, or are designed for optionally piloted modes.

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Manfreda, Salvatore; McCabe, Matthew; Miller, Pauline; Lucas, Richard; Pajuelo Madrigal, Victor; Mallinis, Giorgos; Ben Dor, Eyal; Helman, David; Estes, Lyndon; Ciraolo, Giuseppe; Müllerová, Jana; Tauro, Flavia; de Lima, M.; de Lima, João; Maltese, Antonino (20 April 2018).

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have a drone pilot and a camera operator who controls camera angle and lens. For example, the AERIGON cinema drone which is used in film production in big blockbuster movies is operated by 2 people. Drones provide access to dangerous, remote or otherwise inaccessible sites.

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Consumer drones are widely used by police and military organizations worldwide because of the cost-effective nature of consumer products. Since 2018, the Israeli military have used DJI UAVs for light reconnaissance missions. DJI drones have been used by Chinese police in

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have an autonomous return-to-base operation. Some aircraft types may optionally fly manned or as UAVs, which may include manned aircraft transformed into manned or Optionally Piloted UAVs (OPVs). The flight of UAVs may operate under remote control by a human operator, as

1402:. Some UAVs carry payloads (such as a camera) that weigh considerably less than an adult human, and as a result, can be considerably smaller. Though they carry heavy payloads, weaponized military UAVs are lighter than their crewed counterparts with comparable armaments. 6667: 3014:

have been installed on major international airports. Once a UAV is detected, it can be countered with kinetic force (missiles, projectiles or another UAV) or by non-kinetic force (laser, microwaves, communications jamming). Anti-aircraft missile systems such as the

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As of 2020, seventeen countries have armed UAVs, and more than 100 countries use UAVs in a military capacity. The first five countries producing domestic UAV designs are the United States, China, Israel, Iran and Turkey. Top military UAV manufactures are including

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are used in many large UAVs. Their engine rotors cannot seize; the engine is not susceptible to shock-cooling during descent and it does not require an enriched fuel mixture for cooling at high power. These attributes reduce fuel usage, increasing range or payload.

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An emerging technology, hydrogen fuel cells offer the potential for longer flight times with zero emissions, though the technology is still developing for widespread UAV use. The high energy density of hydrogen makes it a promising option for future UAV propulsion

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Drones are increasingly finding their application in humanitarian aid and disaster relief, where they are used for a wide range of applications such as delivering food, medicine and essential items to remote areas or image mapping before and following disasters

1276:. By 2013 at least 50 countries used UAVs. China, Iran, Israel, Pakistan, Turkey, and others designed and built their own varieties. The use of drones has continued to increase. Due to their wide proliferation, no comprehensive list of UAV systems exists. 744:

Combining electric and fuel power sources, hybrid UAVs aim to balance the benefits of both systems for improved performance and efficiency. This configuration could allow for versatility in mission profiles and adaptability to different operational

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design has become popular, though this layout is rarely used for crewed aircraft. Miniaturization means that less-powerful propulsion technologies can be used that are not feasible for crewed aircraft, such as small electric motors and batteries.

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Equipped with solar panels, these UAVs can potentially achieve extended flight times by harnessing solar energy, especially at high altitudes. Solar-powered UAVs may be particularly suited for long-endurance missions and environmental monitoring

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Another application for a high endurance UAV would be to "stare" at a battlefield for a long interval (ARGUS-IS, Gorgon Stare, Integrated Sensor Is Structure) to record events that could then be played backwards to track battlefield activities.

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Solar-powered atmospheric satellites ("atmosats") designed for operating at altitudes exceeding 20 km (12 miles, or 60,000 feet) for as long as five years could potentially perform duties more economically and with more versatility than

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cameras, which successfully returned photos from across the Suez Canal. This was the first time that tactical UAVs that could be launched and landed on any short runway (unlike the heavier jet-based UAVs) were developed and tested in battle.

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features, such as transverse, radial, and longitudinal cracks, ridges, scarps, and surfaces of rupture, even in inaccessible areas of the sliding mass. Moreover, processing the optical images captured by UAVs also allows for the creation of

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While nuclear power has been explored for larger aircraft, its application in UAVs remains largely theoretical due to safety concerns and regulatory challenges. Research in this area is ongoing but faces significant hurdles before practical

2917:, stating that "I hope this incident helps create a conversation of respect for nature, the airspace, and rules and regulations". Unauthorized UAV flights into or near major airports have prompted extended shutdowns of commercial flights. 230:

is unclear, UAVs may or may not include remote-controlled model aircraft. Some jurisdictions base their definition on size or weight; however, the US FAA defines any unmanned flying craft as a UAV regardless of size. A similar term is

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UAVs can be programmed to perform aggressive maneuvers or landing/perching on inclined surfaces, and then to climb toward better communication spots. Some UAVs can control flight with varying flight modelisation, such as VTOL designs.

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security researchers have made public some vulnerabilities in commercial UAVs, in some cases even providing full source code or tools to reproduce their attacks. At a workshop on UAVs and privacy in October 2016, researchers from the

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Utilizing traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel, these UAVs often have longer flight times but may be noisier and require more maintenance. They are typically used for applications requiring extended endurance or heavy payload

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Organisciak, Daniel; Poyser, Matthew; Alsehaim, Aishah; Hu, Shanfeng; Isaac-Medina, Brian K. S.; Breckon, Toby P.; Shum, Hubert P. H. (2022). "UAV-ReID: A Benchmark on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Re-identification in Video Imagery".

2665:, of which 42% were categorized as commercial and 58% as recreational. 2018 NPD point to consumers increasingly purchasing drones with more advanced features with 33 percent growth in both the $ 500+ and $ 1000+ market segments. 272:(SESAR Joint Undertaking) roadmap for 2020. This term emphasizes the importance of elements other than the aircraft. It includes elements such as ground control stations, data links and other support equipment. Similar terms are 1417:

Control systems for UAVs are often different from crewed craft. For remote human control, a camera and video link almost always replace the cockpit windows; radio-transmitted digital commands replace physical cockpit controls.

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began exploring the use of drone technology as far back as 2005, which resulted in a 2011 report. France was among the first countries to set a national framework based on this report and larger aviation bodies such as the

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Position and movement sensors give information about the aircraft state. Exteroceptive sensors deal with external information like distance measurements, while exproprioceptive ones correlate internal and external states.

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Modern networking standards have explicitly considered drones and therefore include optimizations. The 5G standard has mandated reduced user plane latency to 1ms while using ultra-reliable and low-latency communications.

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In the United States, flying close to a wildfire is punishable by a maximum $ 25,000 fine. Nonetheless, in 2014 and 2015, firefighting air support in California was hindered on several occasions, including at the

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to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload". UAV is a term that is commonly applied to military use cases.

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These UAVs use rechargeable batteries, offering quiet operation and lower maintenance but potentially limited flight times. The reduced noise levels make them suitable for urban environments and sensitive

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Miniaturization is also supporting the development of small UAVs which can be used as individual system or in a fleet offering the possibility to survey large areas, in a relatively small amount of time.

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the case in India. Some universities offer research and training programs or degrees. Private entities also provide online and in-person training programs for both recreational and commercial UAV use.

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battlefield videos and the known military capabilities of the two warring sides suggest Azerbaijan has the technological advantage, especially with its combat drones purchased from Israel and Turkey.

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previous to that, among these only small fraction of overall trade – just 11 (2.5%) of the 439 are armed drones. The US alone operated over 9,000 military UAVs in 2014; among them more than 7000 are

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is used by some drones. This type offers high power output for lower weight, with quieter and more vibration-free running. Claims have also been made for improved reliability and greater range.

8081: 5423: 867:. At least one bomb fell in the city; however, due to the wind changing after launch, most of the balloons missed their target, and some drifted back over Austrian lines and the launching ship 8580:

Barbizan Sühs, R.; Ziller, S. R.; Dechoum, M. (2023). "Is the use of drones cost-effective and efficient in detecting invasive alien trees? A case study from a subtropical coastal ecosystem".

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systems that require high-frequency to changing sensor data. As a result, UAVs rely on single-board computers for their computational needs. Examples of such single-board computers include

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and toys, however the use of UAVs in commercial and general aviation is limited by a lack of autonomy and by new regulatory environments which require line-of-sight contact with the pilot.

10197: 1363:. As a UAV, Dragonfly allows examination of potentially diverse types of soil. The drone is set to launch in 2027, and is estimated to take seven more years to reach the Saturnian system. 2936:. In response, California legislators introduced a bill that would allow firefighters to disable UAVs which invaded restricted airspace. The FAA later required registration of most UAVs. 1904:. Downstream digital video over mobile networks has also entered consumer markets, while direct UAV control uplink over the cellular mesh and LTE have been demonstrated and are in trials. 819:

Last preparations before the first tactical UAV mission across the Suez canal (1969). Standing: Major Shabtai Brill from the Israeli intelligence corps, the innovator of the tactical UAV.

7544: 5482: 2555:. China has established and expanded its presence in military UAV market since 2010. In the early 2020s, Turkey also established and expanded its presence in the military UAV market. 1571:

typically incorporate a primary microprocessor, a secondary or failsafe processor, and sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, and barometers into a single module.

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The development of smart technologies and improved electrical-power systems led to a parallel increase in the use of drones for consumer and general aviation activities. As of 2021,

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Reddy, C. Sudhakar; Kurian, Ayushi; Srivastava, Gaurav; Singhal, Jayant; Varghese, A. O.; Padalia, Hitendra; Ayyappan, N.; Rajashekar, G.; Jha, C. S.; Rao, P. V. N. (January 2021).

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With the maturing and miniaturization of applicable technologies in the 1980s and 1990s, interest in UAVs grew within the higher echelons of the U.S. military. The U.S. funded the

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Gonçalves, João; Henriques, Renato; Alves, Paulo; Sousa-Silva, Rita; Monteiro, António T.; Lomba, Ângela; Marcos, Bruno; Honrado, João (January 2016). Rocchini, Duccio (ed.).

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UAVs can be classified based on their power or energy source, which significantly impacts their flight duration, range, and environmental impact. The main categories include:

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Sub-1g microUAVs inspired by flies, albeit using a power tether, have been able to "land" on vertical surfaces. Other projects mimic the flight of beetles and other insects.

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Vinogradov, Evgenii; Kumar, A. V. S. Sai Bhargav; Minucci, Franco; Pollin, Sofie; Natalizio, Enrico (2023). "Remote ID for separation provision and multi-agent navigation".

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River monitoring several methods have been developed to perform flow monitoring using image velocimetry methods which allow to properly describe the 2D flow velocity fields.

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Precision agriculture which exploits all available technologies including UAV in order to produce more with less (e.g., optimisation of fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation);

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drones in 2020, while the Justice Department prohibited the use of federal funds for the purchase of DJI and other foreign-made UAVs. DJI is followed by American company

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In 1973, the U.S. military officially confirmed that they had been using UAVs in Southeast Asia (Vietnam). Over 5,000 U.S. airmen had been killed and over 1,000 more were

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Individual reliability covers robustness of flight controllers, to ensure safety without excessive redundancy to minimize cost and weight. Besides, dynamic assessment of

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quickly followed suit. In 2021, the FAA published a rule requiring all commercially used UAVs and all UAVs regardless of intent weighing 250 g or more to participate in

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different open-source stacks, some of which are forked from others, such as CleanFlight, which is forked from BaseFlight and from which three other stacks are forked.

9877: 4030: 9490: 3856: 3798: 9460: 8874:"Characteristics analysis of the reservoir landslides base on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) scanning technology at the Maoergai Hydropower Station, Southwest China" 304:, according to design configuration such as weight or engine type, maximum flight altitude, degree of operational autonomy, operational role, etc. According to the 11160: 9060: 7673: 523:

There are usually four categories when UAVs are classified by size, with at least one of the dimensions (length or wingspan) meet the following respective limits:

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and noted that UAV manufacturers can make their UAVs more secure by the basic security measures of encrypting the Wi-Fi signal and adding password protection.

2783:. Various sensors, including radar, optical, and thermal, can be mounted on UAVs to monitor different properties. UAVs enable the capture of images of various 681: 8827:"Identification and evaluation of the high mountain upper slope potential landslide based on multi-source remote sensing: the Aniangzhai landslide case study" 7446: 7236: 3972: 1409:, and can thus be built out of lighter but less sturdy materials and shapes, and can use less robustly tested electronic control systems. For small UAVs, the 9210: 8972:"A landslide monitoring method using data from unmanned aerial vehicle and terrestrial laser scanning with insufficient and inaccurate ground control points" 2913:, United States; although there was no significant damage to the balloon nor any injuries to its 3 occupants, the balloon pilot reported the incident to the 10152: 7967: 1230:. UAVs demonstrated the possibility of cheaper, more capable fighting-machines, deployable without risk to aircrews. Initial generations primarily involved 831:, which first flew in 1975, is seen by many as the first modern battlefield UAV, due to its data-link system, endurance-loitering, and live video-streaming. 9793:

Hartley, John; Shum, Hubert P. H.; Ho, Edmond S. L.; Wang, He; Ramamoorthy, Subramanian (2022). "Formation Control for UAVs Using a Flux Guided Approach".

9779: 945:– initially meant as an uncrewed plane that would carry an explosive payload to a predetermined target. Development continued during World War I, when the 8283: 7822: 6757: 4763: 4171:"A comprehensive review of electrochemical hybrid power supply systems and intelligent energy managements for unmanned aerial vehicles in public services" 11245: 11215: 11115: 11080: 10634: 9605: 8225: 7602: 4581: 3281: 2755:

Structural integrity of any type of structure whether it be a dam, railway or other dangerous, inaccessible or massive locations for building monitoring.

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with warheads are generally not considered UAVs because the vehicle itself is a munition, but certain types of propeller-based missile are often called "

9544: 7990: 7799: 7149: 6071: 1828: – This type provides a positive control signal (faster, slower, left, right, up, down) without incorporating feedback from sensor data. 11235: 9920: 8248: 6697: 2548: 5415: 5353: 4097:"Urban air mobility: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis with autonomous and electric ground transportation for informing future research" 2103:

Proper drone cooling is essential for long-term drone endurance. Overheating and subsequent engine failure is the most common cause of drone failure.

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Return-to-home: Fly back to the point of takeoff (often gaining altitude first to avoid possible intervening obstructions such as trees or buildings).

1151:, stated, "we let the drone do the high-risk flying ... the loss rate is high, but we are willing to risk more of them ...they save lives!" 6788: 3715: 3136: 2825:

The use of UAVs is also being investigated to help detect and fight wildfires, whether through observation or launching pyrotechnic devices to start

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Degrees of freedom (DOF) refers to both the amount and quality of sensors on board: 6 DOF implies 3-axis gyroscopes and accelerometers (a typical

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Hypersonic high-speed, supersonic (Mach 1–5) or hypersonic (Mach 5+) 50,000 ft (15,200 m) or suborbital altitude, range over 200 km

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In most modern UAV applications, video transmission is required. So instead of having separate links for C&C, telemetry and video traffic, a

1218:(CTC) within the CIA, which sought to fight terrorism with the aid of modernized drone technology. In the 1990s, the U.S. DoD gave a contract to 916: 1834: – This type incorporates sensor feedback to adjust behavior (reduce speed to reflect tailwind, move to altitude 300 feet). The 1556:

UAV computing capability followed the advances of computing technology, beginning with analog controls and evolving into microcontrollers, then

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Micro air vehicles endurance is so far best achieved with flapping-wing UAVs, followed by planes and multirotors standing last, due to lower

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communication technology. Remote ID messages (containing the UAV coordinates) are broadcast and can be used for collision-free navigation.

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The War of Attrition was also notable for the first use of UAVs, or unmanned aerial vehicles, carrying reconnaissance cameras in combat.

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Experiments with a pilotless drone version of the TB-1 controlled by radio from other aircraft started in 1935 and continued until 1939.

4367: 4333: 3689: 1143:, in 1972, "The only reason we need (UAVs) is that we don't want to needlessly expend the man in the cockpit." Later that year, General 1054:, concerned about losing pilots over hostile territory, began planning for the use of uncrewed aircraft. Planning intensified after the 11361: 11230: 11150: 11130: 11105: 11100: 11095: 7730: 5910: 4977: 4490: 4451: 3092:

The export of UAVs or technology capable of carrying a 500 kg payload at least 300 km is restricted in many countries by the

1455:, and are popular configurations for many use cases. Larger types which carry a variable payload are more likely to feature a distinct 9521: 7007: 3745: 2119:

Solar-electric UAVs, a concept originally championed by the AstroFlight Sunrise in 1974, have achieved flight times of several weeks.

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Modern system hardware for UAV control is often called the flight controller (FC), flight controller board (FCB) or autopilot. Common

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Isaac-Medina, Brian K. S.; Poyser, Matthew; Organisciak, Daniel; Willcocks, Chris G.; Breckon, Toby P.; Shum, Hubert P. H. (2021).

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Z. Goraj; A. Frydrychewicz; R. Świtkiewicz; B. Hernik; J. Gadomski; T. Goetzendorf-Grabowski; M. Figat; St Suchodolski; W. Chajec.

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are also being enhanced with C-UAS technologies. Utilising a smart UAV swarm to counter one or more hostile UAVs is also proposed.

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Non-cooperative sensors are able to detect targets autonomously so they are used for separation assurance and collision avoidance.

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Crewed and uncrewed aircraft of the same type generally have recognizably similar physical components. The main exceptions are the

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Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications

8721: 6933: 6720:"Flying on Hydrogen: Georgia Tech Researchers Use Fuel Cells to Power Unmanned Aerial Vehicle | Georgia Tech Research Institute" 6304: 3632: 3466: 1599: – IMU), 9 DOF refers to an IMU plus a compass, 10 DOF adds a barometer and 11 DOF usually adds a GPS receiver. 11250: 11110: 7911: 5294: 5163: 4319:

Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History: A Political, Social, and Military History

3028: 2764: 17: 9575: 9337: 8825:

Dai, Keren; Li, Zhiyu; Xu, Qiang; Tomas, Roberto; Li, Tao; Jiang, Liming; Zhang, Jianyong; Yin, Tao; Wang, Hao (1 July 2023).

8361: 8036: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7268:"Rapid drone semi-automated counts of wintering Greater Flamingos ( Phoenicopterus roseus ) as a tool for amateur researchers" 7078: 5445: 3948: 10105: 9886: 9684: 7357: 7115: 7041: 6419: 6231: 5530: 5194: 4678: 4529: 4484: 4445: 4406: 4361: 4039: 3390: 2544: 879: 9172: 8391: 8336: 8121: 8099: 7711: 7692: 6565: 4802: 3919: 11320: 11300: 11145: 11135: 11125: 11053: 10548: 10010: 8872:

Yang, Yuchuan; Wang, Xiaobo; Jin, Wei; Cao, Jiayun; Cheng, Baogen; MaosenXiong; Zhou, Shunwen; ChaoZhang (1 October 2019).

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Zhang, Caizhi; Qiu, Yuqi; Chen, Jiawei; Li, Yuehua; Liu, Zhitao; Liu, Yang; Zhang, Jiujun; Hwa, Chan Siew (1 August 2022).

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at the besieged city. The balloons were launched mainly from land; however, some were also launched from the Austrian ship

9482: 7139:"Key Considerations for a Resilient and Autonomous Deployment and Configuration Infrastructure for Cyber-Physical Systems" 6982:"QinetiQ's Zephyr UAV flies for three and a half days to set unofficial world record for longest duration unmanned flight" 6245: 3852: 3805: 1907:

Another aircraft, serving as a relay or mobile control station – military manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T).

895:

Significant development of drones started in the 1900s, and originally focused on providing practice targets for training

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with ad hoc designed loops or neural networks. UAV software liability is bending toward the design and certifications of

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of activities in order to enhance the description of natural and agricultural ecosystems. Most common applications are:

11310: 11185: 9846: 6370: 6000: 4963:

The Amazing Growth and Journey of UAV's and Ballistic Missile Defence Capabilities: Where the Technology is Leading to?

3404: 2585:, imitating birds or insects, offers potential for covert surveillance and makes them difficult targets to bring down. 1941:

The level of autonomy in UAVs varies widely. UAV manufacturers often build in specific autonomous operations, such as:

929:

described a fleet of uncrewed aerial combat vehicles in 1915. These developments also inspired the construction of the

5404:

Franke, Ulrike Esther , in Mike Aaronson (ed) Precision Strike Warfare and International Intervention, Routledge 2015.

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Electric UAVs powered by microwave power transmission or laser power beaming are other potential endurance solutions.

789: 183: 12413: 11497: 11459: 11065: 10182: 9166: 6862: 6527: 5012: 4971: 4931: 4844: 4796: 4617: 3093: 9090: 5658:

Torres-Sánchez, Jorge; López-Granados, Francisca; Castro, Ana Isabel De; Peña-Barragán, José Manuel (6 March 2013).

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Solar electric powered. Remained aloft for 14 days. Also filed for FAI altitude record of 70,740 ft (21,561 m)

1863:

uplink. Downlinks came later. These bi-directional narrowband radio links carried command and control (C&C) and

11315: 11038: 11033: 10573: 10452: 3106: 2630: 1359:. Its primary goal is to roam around the surface, expanding the amount of area to be researched previously seen by 1008: 942: 108: 62: 9214: 7328:

Mademlis, Ioannis; Nikolaidis, Nikos; Tefas, Anastasios; Pitas, Ioannis; Wagner, Tilman; Messina, Alberto (2019).

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one of his creations flew 1,882 miles across the Atlantic Ocean on less than a gallon of fuel" holds this record.

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as the first UAV with real-time surveillance. The images and radar decoys provided by these UAVs helped Israel to

1132:

flew about 3,435 UAV missions during the war at a cost of about 554 UAVs lost to all causes. In the words of USAF

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Hover/position hold: Keep level pitch and roll, stable yaw heading and altitude while maintaining position using

1215: 257: 6022:

Fasano, Giancarmine; Accardo, Domenico; Tirri, Anna Elena; Moccia, Antonio; De Lellis, Ettore (1 October 2015).

11404: 11354: 11023: 10956: 10668: 10533: 10443: 8279: 6749: 3349:

Unified Robust Path Planning and Optimal Trajectory Generation for Efficient 3D Area Coverage of Quadrotor UAVs

3131: 3007: 2921: 2841: 2465: 946: 8215: 7610: 6063: 5727:"Configuration and specifications of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for early site specific weed management" 5660:"Configuration and Specifications of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Early Site Specific Weed Management" 4759: 4546: 3289: 1958:

Headless mode: Pitch control relative to the position of the pilot rather than relative to the vehicle's axes.

1602:

In addition to the navigation sensors, the UAV (or UAS) can be also equipped with monitoring devices such as:

11637: 11627: 11556: 10846: 7780: 7138: 4629: 3601:"Autonomous In Situ Measurements of Noncontaminant Water Quality Indicators and Sample Collection with a UAV" 3146: 2881: 2681:

departments nationwide since 2018. Both Ukraine and Russia used commercial DJI drones extensively during the

2006: 1831: 1348: 1239: 1004: 9912: 9307:"Israeli anti-drone technology brings an end to Gatwick Airport chaos – International news – Jerusalem Post" 6689: 5725:

Torres-Sánchez, Jorge; López-Granados, Francisca; De Castro, Ana Isabel; Peña-Barragán, José Manuel (2013).

3302:

When used, UAVs should generally perform missions characterized by the three Ds: dull, dirty, and dangerous.

2338:

Swarm resilience involves maintaining operational capabilities and reconfiguring tasks given unit failures.

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flown by remote control, although the Armistice with Italy was enacted prior to any operational deployment.

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The civilian (commercial and general) drone market is dominated by Chinese companies. Chinese manufacturer

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of individual countries. Regulatory regimes can differ significantly according to drone size and use. The

2832:

UAVs are also now widely used to survey wildlife such as nesting seabirds, seals and even wombat burrows.

11998: 11969: 11904: 11492: 10872: 10558: 10263: 9633:

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Visual Detection and Tracking using Deep Neural Networks: A Performance Benchmark

9053:"Global Agriculture Drones and Robots Market Analysis & Forecast, 2018-2028 - ResearchAndMarkets.com" 7535: 7533: 3318: 3196: 2682: 2611: 2567: 1270: 1235: 88: 10121:

Cahill, Bill (April 2022). "Lightning Bugs & Buffalo Hunters: The Ryan Model 147 Drone in Vietnam".

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pandemic. They can also be used for consumer-related missions like package delivery, as demonstrated by

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There are numerous civilian, commercial, military, and aerospace applications for UAVs. These include:

2032: 1894: 1510: 1039: 10538: 9400: 7652:"Drone tech gives China an edge in Middle East arms sales, but Israel-Gaza war brings risks: analysts" 7530: 5637: 4170: 4065: 3364: 840:

The earliest recorded use of an unmanned aerial vehicle for warfighting occurred in July 1849, with a

11612: 11576: 11347: 10776: 10745: 10723: 10690: 10679: 10518: 6880: 3161: 2571: 2560: 1596: 1314: 1284: 1179: 1140: 227: 9576:"The U.S. government showed just how easy it is to hack drones made by Parrot, DBPower and Cheerson" 5853: 5619:"Drone Technology: Types, Payloads, Applications, Frequency Spectrum Issues and Future Developments" 5120: 907:

with the Royal Navy in 1918 intended to attack shipping and port installations and he also assisted

12192: 12126: 12079: 11632: 11515: 11028: 10363: 10358: 10333: 10308: 10303: 10293: 10288: 10278: 10273: 9008: 4633: 3254: 3041: 2949: 2212: 1631: 1303: 1207: 1100:(1967–1970) in the Middle East, Israeli intelligence tested the first tactical UAVs installed with 885: 808: 712: 661:

Based on the altitude, the following UAV classifications have been used at industry events such as

144: 9972: 5093: 3973:"Nano, micro, small: The different drone types in India & if Jammu-like strike can be averted" 2985:

soldiers of the 17th Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment "Sforzesca" with a portable drone jammer in

1320: 51: 11951: 11881: 11586: 11043: 11016: 11011: 11006: 10813: 10639: 10543: 10328: 10298: 10283: 9013:

The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences

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obtained at different times allows for the detection of changes caused by landslide deformation.

1964:

Take-off and landing (using a variety of aircraft or ground-based sensors and systems; see also "

1502: 1266: 920: 875: 269: 10879: 8921:

Tomás, Roberto; Pinheiro, Marisa; Pinto, Pedro; Pereira, Eduardo; Miranda, Tiago (31 May 2023).

7632: 3768: 2109:, using hydrogen power, may be able to extend the endurance of small UAVs, up to several hours. 1513:(BEC) may be used to centralize power distribution and minimize heating, under the control of a 1474:

designs with 6 or more rotors is more common with larger UAVs, where redundancy is prioritized.

11850: 11804: 11642: 11596: 11566: 11469: 10646: 10475: 10447: 10268: 8826: 5848: 4398: 3429:"Towards harmonisation of image velocimetry techniques for river surface velocity observations" 3230: 2187: 2132: 2017: 1839: 1635: 1343: 1326: 1273: 1159: 1062: 961: 715:(UAS) classification of UAVs based on weight, maximum altitude and speed of the UAV component. 10098:

Lightning Bugs and other Reconnaissance Drones; The can-do story of Ryan's unmanned spy planes

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Radsan, AJ; Murphy (2011). "Measure Twice, Shoot Once: Higher Care for Cia-Targeted Killing".

4836: 4227: 2020:

unmanned combat aircraft demonstrator of the US Navy refuels in flight from a tanker aircraft.

12170: 11943: 11873: 11753: 11591: 11561: 11444: 11396: 10841: 10792: 10578: 10553: 9773: 9335: 9275: 7174: 5258:. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Technical Sciences, Volume 52. Number 3, 2004. 4921: 4648: 4521: 4351: 4330: 3681: 2739:

Topographic surveys for the production of orthomosaics, digital surface models and 3D models;

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for them to be regarded in "pseudo-satellites" as regards to their operational capabilities.

2096: 1984:

GPS waypoint navigation: Using GNSS to navigate to an intermediate location on a travel path.

1948:

Altitude hold: The aircraft maintains its altitude using barometric pressure and/or GPS data.

1611: 1607: 1561: 1246: 1231: 1148: 1070: 8889: 6335:"Identifying Critical Manned-Unmanned Teaming Skills for Unmanned Aircraft System Operators" 4961: 4474: 4435: 2742:

Monitoring of natural ecosystems for biodiversity monitoring, habitat mapping, detection of

1302:'s Panel of Experts on Libya, published in March 2021. This may have been the first time an 11771: 11449: 10909: 10599: 10594: 10523: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10323: 10318: 10313: 9513: 9029: 9016: 8934: 8885: 8838: 8695: 8628: 8542: 8475: 8426: 7827: 6631: 6107: 6035: 5968: 5840: 5738: 5671: 4182: 4108: 3737: 3440: 2647: 2596: 2499: 2383: 2379: 2197: 2084: 1825: 1495: 1406: 1066: 653:

assistance, up to fully autonomous aircraft that have no provision for human intervention.

646: 55: 31: 10150: 8684:"Technical Note: Advances in flash flood monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)" 7933: 7397: 7380: 6836: 8: 11922: 11886: 11533: 11464: 11414: 9457:"Attack on the drones: Legislation could allow California firefighters to take them down" 8898: 8745:"Real-Time Positioning Method for UAVs in Complex Structural Health Monitoring Scenarios" 8530: 7136: 6907:"QinetiQ's Zephyr UAV exceeds official world record for longest duration unmanned flight" 5905: 5797: 5212:"The Eagle Comes Home to Roost: The Historical Origins of the CIA's Lethal Drone Program" 4321:, ABC-CLIO, 12 May 2008, by Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts, pages 1054–55 ISBN 4268:"Revolutionizing UAV Capabilities: Exploring the Potential of Nuclear Propulsion Systems" 3348: 3166: 3063: 2890:

US Department of Agriculture poster warning about the risks of flying UAVs near wildfires

2503: 2106: 1928: 1699: 1483: 1448: 1399: 1360: 1299: 1078: 187: 100: 9336:

Matthew Weaver; Damien Gayle; Patrick Greenfield; Frances Perraudin (20 December 2018).

9020: 8938: 8842: 8699: 8632: 8546: 8479: 8430: 7447:"Turkey's defense industry targets more than $ 4 billion in exports this year: Official" 7267: 7079:"A Comparison Study of Several Adaptive Control Strategies for Resilient Flight Control" 6635: 6111: 6039: 5972: 5844: 5742: 5675: 4186: 4112: 3599:

Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, Ali Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B. (March 2019).

3566:

Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, Ali Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B. (March 2018).

3444: 3365:

Fault-tolerant cooperative navigation of networked UAV swarms for forest fire monitoring

1677:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

1046:

in 1955. Nevertheless, they were little more than remote-controlled airplanes until the

11571: 11434: 11379: 10867: 10604: 9828: 9802: 9662: 9636: 8652: 8597: 8499: 8444: 8439: 8414: 8153: 7854: 7786: 7349: 7295: 6956:"Northrop Grumman's Global Hawk Unmanned Aircraft Sets 33-Hour Flight Endurance Record" 6719: 6397: 6363:"Minimum requirements related to technical performance for IMT-2020 radio interface(s)" 6334: 6237: 6187: 6154: 5992: 5874: 5862: 5769: 5726: 5702: 5659: 5536: 5231: 5125: 4791:. The Putnam Aviation Series. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 249. 4391: 3488:

Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, A. Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B. (March 2020).

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Because of their small size, low weight, low vibration and high power to weight ratio,

2025: 1875: 1506: 1460: 987: – used both to train antiaircraft gunners and to fly attack-missions. 980: 908: 904: 896: 857: 223: 199: 140: 136: 77: 58:

carrying EO/IR and SAR sensors, laser rangefinders, laser designators, infrared cameras

8617:"The application of small unmanned aerial systems for precision agriculture: a review" 8463: 7137:

Subhav Pradhan; William Otte; Abhishek Dubey; Aniruddha Gokhale; Gabor Karsai (2013).

6644: 6619: 4331:

The Future of Drone Use: Opportunities and Threats from Ethical and Legal Perspectives

807:, one of a series of target drones/unpiloted aerial vehicles that first flew in 1951. 213:) is defined as a "powered, aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses 12428: 12423: 12418: 12354: 12325: 10983: 10818: 10568: 10178: 10126: 10101: 9942: 9832: 9820: 9680: 9162: 9145:) burrows with the use of a drone. BMC Ecology. 19:39. DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0257-5 9034: 8989: 8952: 8903: 8854: 8807: 8786:"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Landslide Investigation and Monitoring: A Review" 8766: 8713: 8683: 8656: 8644: 8616: 8601: 8503: 8491: 8091: 7998: 7791: 7353: 7299: 7287: 7146:

Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University, Nashville

6497: 6415: 6241: 6227: 6223: 6192: 6174: 6135: 5984: 5866: 5774: 5756: 5707: 5689: 5618: 5526: 5290:

Civil uav application and economic effectiveness of potential configuration solutions

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Mécanique Appliquée. - Sur le télékine. Note de M. L. Torres, présentée par M. Appell

4613: 4573: 4525: 4514: 4480: 4441: 4421: 4402: 4357: 4246: 4208: 4126: 4066:"An innovative tri-rotor drone and associated distributed aerial drone swarm control" 3511: 3458: 3428: 3396: 3386: 3141: 2850: 2578: 2485: 2424: 2416: 2332: 2136: 2092:

UAV endurance is not constrained by the physiological capabilities of a human pilot.

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Other functions available or under development include; collective flight, real-time

1978: 1530: 1444: 1347:

helicopter is an autonomous UAV that operated on Mars from 2021 to 2024. Current the

1121: 1058: 1028: 934: 785: 584: 214: 9545:"How Can Drones Be Hacked? The updated list of vulnerable drones & attack tools" 8873: 8448: 7903: 6411: 5878: 5540: 5288: 5153: 4279: 4144: 1977:

Follow-me: Maintain relative position to a moving pilot or other object using GNSS,

1650:(for planes and helicopters mostly), weapons, payload actuators, LEDs and speakers. 1269:(USAF) employed 7,494 UAVs – almost one in three USAF aircraft. The 202:

drone is an aircraft that has first-person video, autonomous capabilities, or both.

12375: 12346: 12317: 12265: 12236: 12184: 12118: 12071: 12019: 11990: 11961: 11896: 11781: 11663: 11484: 11370: 10851: 10241: 9812: 9672: 9024: 8979: 8942: 8893: 8846: 8797: 8756: 8703: 8636: 8589: 8550: 8483: 8434: 8188: 8086: 8028: 7392: 7341: 7279: 7089: 6639: 6407: 6219: 6182: 6166: 6125: 6115: 6043: 5996: 5976: 5858: 5764: 5746: 5697: 5679: 5518: 5223: 4565: 4557: 4393:

Taking Flight: Inventing the Aerial Age, from Antiquity through the First World War

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There are usually five categories when UAVs are classified by range and endurance:

44: 9876:

Cary, Leslie; Coyne, James. "ICAO Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Circular 328".

9727:"Muscat International Airport to install USD10 million Aaronia counter-UAS system" 7329: 5724: 5283: 4029:

Cary, Leslie; Coyne, James. "ICAO Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Circular 328".

3568:"In Situ Water Quality Measurements Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) System" 1422:

software is used on both crewed and uncrewed aircraft, with varying feature sets.

12244: 12144: 12097: 12032: 11809: 11761: 11717: 11507: 10528: 10438: 10201: 9279: 9238:"First-ever recorded drone-hot air balloon collision prompts safety conversation" 9156: 8387: 7410: 7408: 7107: 6660:"The device, designed for landing UAV helicopter type on a flat vertical surface" 6557: 5751: 5684: 5368: 5357: 5227: 4786: 4605: 4337: 3979: 3915: 3218: 2906: 2826: 2678: 2604: 2524: 2520: 2494: 2387: 2371: 2324: 2317: 2124: 2113: 2048: 2040: 1603: 1514: 1252: 1219: 1136: 996: 841: 828: 823: 260:(FAA) in 2005 according to their Unmanned Aircraft System Roadmap 2005–2030. The 10002: 8984: 8922: 6466: 4194: 4081: 3076: 2708:

ability for drones to carry them, creating new forms of artwork in the process.

711:

An example of classification based on the composite criteria is U.S. Military's

12383: 12215: 12210: 12176: 12149: 11827: 11794: 11676: 11617: 11474: 11439: 9816: 8947: 8850: 8593: 8487: 8126: 7855:"DJI market share: here's exactly how rapidly it has grown in just a few years" 7762:"World's largest drone maker is unfazed — even if it's blacklisted by the U.S." 7330:"Autonomous UAV Cinematography: A Tutorial and a Formalized Shot-Type Taxonomy" 6211: 5657: 5514:

2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

5508: 5211: 3116: 3111: 2866: 2760: 2651: 2592: 2262: 2230: 2036: 2035:, wall following, corridor centring, simultaneous localization and mapping and 1835: 1256: 1155: 1109: 1101: 1074: 1051: 957: 950: 912: 853: 191: 148: 132: 9433:"Chasing Video With Drones, Hobbyists Imperil California Firefighting Efforts" 8708: 8640: 8415:"Automated extraction of free surface topography using SfM-MVS photogrammetry" 7405: 6819: 6170: 6048: 6023: 5522: 5317: 4711:

Professor A. M. Low FLIGHT, 3 October 1952 page 436 "The First Guided Missile"

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The use of unmanned aerial vehicles is becoming increasingly regulated by the

1987:

Orbit around an object: Similar to Follow-me but continuously circle a target.

12407: 11722: 10130: 9824: 9676: 9038: 8993: 8956: 8907: 8858: 8811: 8770: 8717: 8682:

Perks, Matthew T.; Russell, Andrew J.; Large, Andrew R. G. (5 October 2016).

8648: 8495: 8095: 8002: 7795: 7291: 6501: 6467:"Metrics, Schmetrics! How The Heck Do You Determine A UAV's Autonomy Anyway?" 6267:

Pierre-Jean Bristeau; François Callou; David Vissière; Nicolas Petit (2011).

6178: 6139: 5760: 5693: 5450: 4577: 4212: 4130: 4095:

Garrow, Laurie A.; German, Brian J.; Leonard, Caroline E. (1 November 2021).

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Drones can also be used for racing, either with or without VR functionality.

2704: 2638: 2563: 2481: 2469: 2432: 2278: 2175: 2140: 2128: 1310: 1227: 1144: 1082: 930: 900: 662: 590: 70: 67: 10139: 6690:"The Importance of Proper Cooling and Airflow for Optimal Drone Performance" 6362: 4723:"Eyes of the Army—U.S. Army Roadmap for Unmanned Aircraft Systems 2010–2035" 2614:

a dramatic increase in UAV development took place with Ukraine creating the

1893:/receiver, a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, or the original meaning of a 1874:

link is used to carry all types of data. These broadband links can leverage

1470:

requires a relatively simple control system and is common for smaller UAVs.

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that AAI and Malat developed jointly. Many of these UAVs saw service in the

83: 11845: 11799: 11789: 11766: 11712: 11671: 10904: 10823: 9398: 9342: 9113:"Drones That Launch Flaming Balls Are Being Tested To Help Fight Wildfires" 7964:"Skylark Drones set to raise its first round of funding to boost expansion" 7575: 6926:"New Scientist Technology Blog: Solar plane en route to everlasting flight" 6196: 6024:"Radar/electro-optical data fusion for non-cooperative UAS sense and avoid" 5988: 5956: 5901:"Giant remote-controlled beetles and 'biobot' insects could replace drones" 5870: 5778: 5711: 5248: 5067: 4340:, Asser Press – Springer, chapter by Alan McKenna, page 355 3671:, hence the use of the name in reference to the DH Queen Bee aerial target. 3529:

Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, Ali Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B.;

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and study of ecosystem degradation due to invasive species or disturbances;

2698: 2489: 1901: 1703: 1356: 1055: 1031: 1024: 992: 988: 984: 968: 938: 926: 804: 792: 195: 152: 9370:"In The Heat of the Moment, Drones Are Getting in the Way of Firefighters" 8802: 8785: 8761: 8744: 8413:

Ferreira, Edgar; Chandler, Jim; Wackrow, Rene; Shiono, Koji (April 2017).

6866: 6620:"Design of Flight Control System for a Small Unmanned Tilt Rotor Aircraft" 6155:"Adapting open-source drone autopilots for real-time iceberg observations" 4476:

Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918: An Illustrated History of Their Impact

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After World War II development continued in vehicles such as the American

12388: 12273: 12050: 11424: 11419: 8784:

Sun, Jianwei; Yuan, Guoqin; Song, Laiyun; Zhang, Hongwen (January 2024).

8579: 6490:"Watch a step in Navy history: an autonomous drone gets refueled mid-air" 5638:"Design Methodology for Unmannded Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Team Coordination" 3664: 3530: 2793: 2789: 2643: 2582: 2452: 2375: 2257:

Set an endurance record for a full-scale, operational uncrewed aircraft.

1971:

Failsafe: automatic landing or return-to-home upon loss of control signal

1890: 1707: 1548:

A flight controller run on either CleanFlight or BaseFlight firmware for

1526: 1440: 1183: 1171: 1089:. When the Chinese government showed photographs of downed U.S. UAVs via 1086: 1047: 861: 163:

Many terms are used for aircraft which fly without any persons on board.

10069:

Pen & Sword, Military. Great Britain. (2021). ISBN 978 1 52677 026 4

9009:"Landslide Activity Monitoring with the Help of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle" 7108:"Certifiable Autonomous Flight Management for Unmanned Aircraft Systems" 7000:"QinetiQ files for three world records for its Zephyr Solar powered UAV" 6210:

Lesko, J.; Schreiner, M.; Megyesi, D.; Kovacs, Levente (November 2019).

6130: 5980: 5507:

Bailon-Ruiz, Rafael; Lacroix, Simon; Bit-Monnot, Arthur (October 2018).

4203: 3237: 2810: 1065:

UAV program started under the code name of "Red Wagon". The August 1964

678:

Tactical 18,000 ft (5,500 m) altitude, about 160 km range

675:

NATO type 10,000 ft (3,000 m) altitude, up to 50 km range

12296: 11727: 10914: 10513: 10151:

Javier Garcia-Bernardoa; Peter Sheridan Dodds; Neil F. Johnson (2016).

9514:"Iraqi insurgents hacked Predator drone feeds, U.S. official indicates" 8554: 7541:"Turkish defence industry grows as Akinci UCAV signs first export deal" 6120: 6095: 5645:

Design Methodology for Unmannded Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Team Coordination

5617:

Nagel, Huub; Bondt, Geert; Custers, Bart; Vergouw, Bas (16 July 2016).

5416:"Drones may have attacked humans fully autonomously for the first time" 5250: 4569: 3712:"What is the difference between a drone and an RC plane or helicopter?" 3156: 3121: 2953: 2933: 2759:

These activities can be completed with different measurements, such as

2633:

aircraft being launched from a base in Rwanda to deliver blood products

2626: 2412: 2408: 2367: 1991: 1860: 1647: 1549: 1487: 1471: 1467: 1432: 1410: 1371: 1280: 1035: 1000: 179: 104: 73: 9630: 8970:

Zhou, Jiawen; Jiang, Nan; Li, Congjiang; Li, Haibo (9 February 2024).

7674:"Chinese, American—It Doesn't Matter. Israel Wants Inexpensive Drones" 7381:"Do Emerging Military Technologies Matter for International Politics?" 7283: 6750:"Hydrogen-powered Hycopter quadcopter could fly for 4 hours at a time" 4638:

3 August 1903, pp. 317-319, Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences.

3617: 3600: 3584: 3567: 3551: 3534: 3070: 2577:

For intelligence and reconnaissance missions, the inherent stealth of

1933: 11694: 9606:"Anti-drone technology to be test flown on UK base amid terror fears" 9141:

Old JM, Lin S H, Franklin MJM (2019). Mapping out bare-nosed wombat (

8362:"Fireworks and Drones Combine to Create Amazing Long Exposure Images" 6269:"The Navigation and Control technology inside the AR.Drone micro UAV" 5593:"Design, Simulation and New Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles" 4832: 4729: 4670: 3668: 3382:

Remote sensing of the environment using unmanned aerial systems (UAS)

3058: 3016: 2929: 2792:

and 3D models, from which these properties can be derived. Comparing

2784: 2780: 2776: 2694: 2655: 2420: 2395: 2051:

can play an important role for automatically ensuring flight safety.

2002: 1916: 1871: 1864: 1856: 1813: 1643: 1419: 1291: 1203: 1175: 1043: 849: 650: 147:, policing and surveillance, infrastructure inspections, smuggling, 10210: 7345: 6096:"On the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems for Environmental Monitoring" 2886: 1900:

Remote network system, such as satellite duplex data links for some

1821:

UAVs employ open-loop, closed-loop or hybrid control architectures.

669:

Hand-held 2,000 ft (600 m) altitude, about 2 km range

12027: 11339: 10771: 10563: 10145:

Vancouver Island University Arts & Humanities Colloquium Series

9807: 9667: 9641: 7237:"Coronavirus Spurs Percepto's Drone-in-a-Box Surveillance Solution" 6402: 6342:

U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

5512: 3984: 3637: 2674: 2600: 2436: 2296: 1965: 1961:

Care-free: automatic roll and yaw control while moving horizontally

1885:

The radio signal from the operator side can be issued from either:

1723: 1627: 1618:, which may allow providing specific measurements or observations. 1456: 672:

Close 5,000 ft (1,500 m) altitude, up to 10 km range

572:

Based on their weight, drones can be classified into 5 categories—

301: 178:

used for practice firing of a battleship's guns, such as the 1920s

175: 171: 128: 8528: 8249:"Ukraine has an unlikely ally in fight against Russia: DJI drones" 7023:"Drones Reach Stratospheric Heights in Race to Fly Higher, Longer" 5592: 2799: 2312:

Reliability improvements target all aspects of UAV systems, using

1867:

data about the status of aircraft systems to the remote operator.

10761: 5793:"Model airplane history-maker Maynard Hill dies at the age of 85" 5446:"Killer drone 'hunted down a human target' without being told to" 2944:

By 2017, drones were being used to drop contraband into prisons.

1727: 1391: 1259: 1133: 889: 219: 9399:

Michael Martinez; Paul Vercammen; Ben Brumfield (18 July 2015).

7934:"Consumer Drones By the Numbers in 2018 and Beyond | News Ledge" 6212:"Pixhawk PX-4 Autopilot in Control of a Small Unmanned Airplane" 5479:"Nagorno-Karabakh: New weapons for an old conflict spell danger" 3351:" IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2023. 2001:

One approach to quantifying autonomous capabilities is based on

1466:

For uses that require vertical flight or hovering, the tailless

991:

produced and used various UAV aircraft during the war, like the

856:. Austrian forces besieging Venice attempted to launch some 200 11819: 11686: 11525: 10766: 6064:"Arduino Playground – WhatIsDegreesOfFreedom6DOF9DOF10DOF11DOF" 5957:"Science, technology and the future of small autonomous drones" 4422:

Naval Aviation in the First World War: Its Impact and Influence

2846: 2615: 2536: 2532: 2428: 1879: 1639: 1352: 1113: 270:

Single European Sky (SES) Air Traffic Management (ATM) Research

39: 8280:"The Drone War in Ukraine Is Cheap, Deadly, and Made in China" 7206:"Drones Get the Lights Back on Faster for Florida Communities" 6558:"Biomimetics and Dextrous Manipulation Lab – MultiModalRobots" 6394:

2023 IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

5926:"EASA Approves ETSO Certification Basis for Veronte Autopilot" 5824:

Chirarattananon, Pakpong; Ma, Kevin Y; Wood, J (22 May 2014),

5351:"A Revolution Once More: Unmanned Systems and the Middle East" 5293:. published by the Publications Office of the European Union. 5187:

Vectored Propulsion, Supermaneuverability & Robot Aircraft

5005:

The eve of destruction: the untold story of the Yom Kippur War

3282:"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – The Force Multiplier of the 1990s" 3080:

reliability of drones in various industries and applications.

2922:

significant disruption at Gatwick Airport during December 2018

2088:

Flight time against mass of small (less than 1 kg) drones

1945:

Self-level: attitude stabilization on the pitch and roll axes.

684:

up to 30,000 ft (9,000 m) and range over 200 km

11732: 10100:, Armed Forces Journal International : Aero Publishers, 8412: 7823:"DOJ bans use of grant funds for certain foreign-made drones" 7781:"Interior Dept. Grounds Its Drones Over Chinese Spying Fears" 5568:"In data: UAS market projected to nearly double in ten years" 2763:, thermography, multispectral images, 3D field scanning, and 2661:

As of May 2021, 873,576 UAVs had been registered with the US

2618:

platform to promote rapid development of innovative systems.

2391: 2068:

UAVs can also implement perching on a flat vertical surface.

1852: 1842:

is employed, transferring the need to close the loop further.

1719: 1615: 1295: 1167: 1163: 9211:"Drone hits a commercial plane for the first time in Canada" 8461: 7712:"China's Military Advancements in the 2010s: Air and Ground" 7327: 6884: 6391: 5826:"Adaptive control of a millimeter-scale flapping-wing robot" 5506: 5361: 4547:"Japan's World War II balloon bomb attacks on North America" 2952:

showed they were able to hack into three different consumer

2076: 1198: 11429: 9913:"The 2021 Drone Regulation – What is new? What is planned?" 9655: 7175:"How Autonomous Drone Flights Will Go Beyond Line of Sight" 6909:(Press release). QinetiQ. 10 September 2007. Archived from 6209: 5950: 5948: 5946: 3667:" refers to the male bee that serves only to fertilize the 3425: 3375: 3373: 2986: 2448: 1952: 1533:. Their inherent stealth recommends them for spy missions. 1338: 1331: 1222:

along with Israeli company Malat. The U.S. Navy bought the

1020: 964:

developed the first scaled remote piloted vehicle in 1935.

9444:

from the original on 21 July 2015 – via NYTimes.com.

9196:"Drones in humanitarian aid – Can they be a game-changer?" 8388:"AERIGON cinema drone (UAV) pioneering in film production" 7473:"Combat drones in China are coming to a conflict near you" 6216:

2019 Modern Safety Technologies in Transportation (MOSATT)

5636:

da Silva, F.B; Scott, S.D; Cummings, M.L (December 2007).

5033: 3633:"Drones smuggling porn, drugs to inmates around the world" 1459:

with a tail for stability, control and trim, although the

1262:

to develop UAVs, ran from 1 May 2002 to 31 December 2005.

1023:(using television/radio-command guidance), the Australian 702:

Computer Assisted Carrier Guidance System (CACGS) for UAVs

9404: 9401:"Drones visit California wildfire, angering firefighters" 9161:(1 ed.). New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 8920: 7991:"States are competing to be the Silicon Valley of drones" 6092: 4865: 4000:"The Differences Between UAV, UAS, and Autonomous Drones" 2662: 1695:

communications with ground control and mission planning.

1125: 1117:

and leading to the development of the first Israeli UAV.

226:" by the public and media. Also, the relation of UAVs to 10195:

How Intelligent Drones Are Shaping the Future of Warfare

8743:

Zhou, Jianguo; He, Linshu; Luo, Haitao (19 March 2023).

7564: 7562: 6984:(Press release). QinetiQ. 24 August 2008. Archived from 6781:"NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: Beamed Laser Power for UAVs" 6021: 5943: 5616: 5050: 5048: 4901: 3598: 3565: 3535:"Evaluation of a UAV-Assisted Autonomous Water Sampling" 3528: 3487: 3370: 3006:

The malicious use of UAVs has led to the development of

2905:

The first recorded instance of a drone collision with a

1795:

Optical flow, obstacle avoidance, SLAM, decision-making

1767:

From machine code to processor execution, memory access

9885:. Blyenburgh & Co. pp. 112–115. Archived from 8122:"DJI Won the Drone Wars, and Now It's Paying the Price" 7076: 4038:. Blyenburgh & Co. pp. 112–115. Archived from 3942:"Eyes of the Army: U.S. Army Roadmap for UAS 2010–2035" 3853:"State government gears up for autonomous RPAS mapping" 3363:

Hu, J.; Niu, H.; Carrasco, J.; Lennox, B.; Arvin, F., "

2589:

Unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle

2478:

Unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle

2024:

Full autonomy is available for specific tasks, such as

1351:

is being developed, and is aiming to reach and examine

690:

over 30,000 ft (9,100 m) and indefinite range

9624: 9338:"Military called in to help with Gatwick drone crisis" 8976:

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

8878:

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

7731:"China drone maker DJI: Alone atop the unmanned skies" 6153:

Carlson, Daniel F.; Rysgaard, Søren (1 January 2018).

5285:

Community Research and Development Information Service

4294:"Powering Solutions for Your Drone in 2024: New Fuels" 10075:"A world of proliferated drones: a technology primer" 9752:

Grand-Clément, Sarah; Bajon, Theò (19 October 2022).

9649: 9083:"Africa Farming Problems Aided With Drone Technology" 7559: 5823: 5635: 5316:

Ackerman, Spencer; Shachtman, Noah (9 January 2012).

5045: 5021: 4877: 4101:

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3202: 1505:(Li-Po), while some larger vehicles have adopted the 268:

adopted this term, also used in the European Union's

9879:

2011–2012 UAS Yearbook – UAS: The Global Perspective

9511: 9329: 9268:"Drones need to be encouraged, and people protected" 9244:. Boise, Idaho, United States: Boise Post-Register. 8184:"The Next Frontier of Police Surveillance Is Drones" 5509:"Planning to Monitor Wildfires with a Fleet of UAVs" 4889: 4853: 4032:

2011–2012 UAS Yearbook – UAS: The Global Perspective

3319:"237 Ways Drone Applications Revolutionize Business" 1309:

Superior drone technology, specifically the Turkish

1283:

drones exemplify the widespread popularity of hobby

244:

UAVs or RPAVs can also be seen as a component of an

9786: 8082:"The U.S. Military Shouldn't Use Commercial Drones" 7886:"5 Major Drone Manufacturers Powering the Industry" 4265: 4094: 3071:

EU Drone Certification - Class Identification Label

878:introduced a radio-based control-system called the 10140:The rise of the drones: From The Great War to Gaza 9751: 9431: 9298: 7779: 4513: 4390: 3934: 3901: 3490:"Adaptive Water Sampling Device for Aerial Robots" 3037:solutions to better integrate UAVs into airspace. 3033:Regulatory bodies around the world are developing 1306:armed with lethal weaponry attacked human beings. 308:, UAVs are classified into five categories below: 9792: 9758:United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research 9701:"Heathrow picks C-UAS to combat drone disruption" 9193: 8681: 8615:Zhang, Chunhua; Kovacs, John M. (December 2012). 7778:Friedman, Lisa; McCabe, David (29 January 2020). 5315: 5121:"Unmanned combat vehicles shaping future warfare" 4694: 4692: 4690: 4145:"Exploring Gas Powered Drones: Uses and Benefits" 3347:F. Rekabi-Bana; Hu, J.; T. Krajník; Arvin, F., " 3137:List of military electronics of the United States 2775:UAVs have become a widely used tool for studying 1529:, imitating birds or insects, have been flown as 1520: 1313:, played a role in Azerbaijan's successes in the 1294:drone hunted down and attacked a human target in 967:Soviet researchers experimented with controlling 12405: 9778:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 9483:"Prisons Work To Keep Out Drug-Smuggling Drones" 8783: 7649: 7633:"Is China at the Forefront of Drone Technology?" 7571:"The numbers behind the worldwide trade in UAVs" 7323: 7321: 7042:"Towards Modular and Certified Avionics for UAV" 5955:Floreano, Dario; Wood, Robert J. (27 May 2015). 5476: 3046:International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 7416:"Strengthening Turkish Policy on Drone Exports" 7086:AIAA Guidance, Navigation andControl Conference 7006:(Press release). 24 August 2010. Archived from 6152: 4700:Jane's Pocket Book of Remotely Piloted Vehicles 3991: 2800:Agriculture, forestry and environmental studies 1798:ROS, Nuttx, Linux distributions, Microsoft IOT 1093:, the official U.S. response was "no comment". 923:aerial targets that went into service in 1935. 9760:. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023 8871: 7777: 6589:"The astounding athletic power of quadcopters" 4923:Israeli Fortifications of the October War 1973 4687: 4516:Military Ballooning During the Early Civil War 4437:Broken Wings: The Hungarian Air Force, 1918–45 4168: 2973: 2924:, needing the deployment of the British Army. 2357:, and critical deliveries of health supplies. 1882:traffic that can be routed over the internet. 174:, some being applied to remotely flown target 143:, forest fire monitoring, river monitoring, 11355: 10226: 8969: 8240: 7667: 7665: 7318: 6617: 5898: 4826: 4664: 3177:Sypaq Corvo Precision Payload Delivery System 2054: 1817:Typical flight-control loops for a multirotor 1781:Flight control, navigation, radio management 1007:developed a specialised drone version of the 8824: 8029:"Drone Training Courses – The Complete List" 7637:Center for Strategic and Internation Studies 6992: 6586: 6528:"Teaching tiny drones how to fly themselves" 5954: 5380: 2348:List of unmanned aerial vehicle applications 2080:UEL UAV-741 Wankel engine for UAV operations 2009:report, and used in the table on the right. 1073:initiated America's highly classified UAVs ( 899:. The earliest attempt at a powered UAV was 788:and others waiting to watch the launch of a 10175:Unmanned: Drone warfare and global security 8614: 6618:Yanguo, Song; Huanjin, Wang (1 June 2009). 5477:Forestier-Walker, Robin (13 October 2020). 5145: 4427: 4415: 4251:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3883:Government of Canada – Justice Laws Website 3035:unmanned aircraft system traffic management 2939: 2729: 1539: 1494:Besides the traditional piston engine, the 919:followed, leading to the fleet of over 400 11362: 11348: 10233: 10219: 9973:"FAA Legal Battle – Challenging Remote ID" 7671: 7662: 7603:"Pentagon Plans for Cuts to Drone Budgets" 7340:(5). Association for Computing Machinery. 6305:"Cellular enables safer drone deployments" 6218:. Kosice, Slovakia: IEEE. pp. 90–93. 1997:Pre-programmed delivery ( delivery drones) 1085:) into their first combat missions of the 30:"UAV" redirects here. For other uses, see 9806: 9666: 9640: 9028: 8983: 8946: 8897: 8801: 8760: 8742: 8707: 8438: 8337:"Fireworks Have a New Competitor: Drones" 8277: 8079: 7693:"UK eyes Chinese drone parts for Ukraine" 7396: 7020: 6812:Vertical Challenge: "Monsters of the sky" 6643: 6487: 6401: 6186: 6129: 6119: 6047: 5852: 5768: 5750: 5701: 5683: 5345: 5343: 5318:"Almost 1 in 3 U.S. Warplanes Is a Robot" 4784: 4225: 4202: 4120: 3704: 3616: 3583: 3550: 3505: 3452: 3367:" Aerospace Science and Technology, 2022. 3127:International Aerial Robotics Competition 1425: 262:International Civil Aviation Organization 27:Aircraft without any human pilot on board 10033:"Official Journal of the European Union" 9006: 8271: 7988: 7418:. Carnegie Endowment for International. 7378: 5151: 4714: 4649:Nov. 7, 1905: Remote Control Wows Public 4063: 3316: 2991: 2977: 2885: 2849:can use drones for applications such as 2809: 2625: 2493: 2127:satellites. Likely applications include 2083: 2075: 2011: 1932: 1812: 1718:, etc. or designed from scratch such as 1543: 1381: 1319: 1197: 1069:between naval units of the U.S. and the 822: 814: 798: 780: 94: 82: 61: 50: 38: 12374: 12345: 12316: 12235: 11989: 9542: 9235: 9194:Sindi & Zarei (15 September 2023). 7728: 7672:Somerville, Heather (9 November 2023). 7512:"Market for Military Drones will Surge" 6477:from the original on 24 September 2020. 6436:"Automated Vehicles for Safety | NHTSA" 5923: 5118: 4919: 4829:Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II 4788:Soviet Aircraft and Aviation, 1917–1941 4720: 4667:Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II 4440:. Indiana University Press. p. 2. 4388: 4382: 3823:"European ATM Master Plan 2015 | SESAR" 2005:terminology, as suggested by a 2002 US 437:Other classifications of UAVs include: 295: 14: 12406: 10120: 10095: 10072: 9847:"What is unmanned traffic management?" 9573: 9429: 9030:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-W4-215-2015 8334: 8286:from the original on 26 September 2023 8246: 8216:"These Police Drones are Watching You" 7970:from the original on 14 September 2016 7865:from the original on 24 September 2018 7820: 7568: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7203: 7039: 6488:Davenport, Christian (23 April 2015). 6464: 5398: 5389: 5340: 5277: 5209: 5184: 5054: 5039: 5027: 4966:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 6. 4956: 4907: 4895: 4883: 4871: 4859: 4766:from the original on 26 September 2019 4544: 4538: 4511: 4505: 4472: 4466: 4433: 4353:Naval Aviation in the Second World War 4349: 4343: 3997: 3766: 3692:from the original on 17 September 2020 3029:Regulation of unmanned aerial vehicles 2875: 2765:normalized difference vegetation index 1210:to attack enemy combatants in warfare. 682:MALE (medium altitude, long endurance) 440: 300:UAVs may be classified like any other 99:Although most large military UAVs are 11343: 10982: 10981: 10935: 10491: 10490: 10473: 10252: 10240: 10214: 10153:"Quantitative patterns in drone wars" 9910: 9875: 9454: 9350:from the original on 22 December 2018 9317:from the original on 22 December 2018 9304: 9175:from the original on 27 February 2023 9154: 8663:from the original on 27 February 2023 8510:from the original on 27 February 2023 8278:Greenwood, Faine (16 February 2023). 8259:from the original on 20 February 2023 8228:from the original on 11 December 2019 8196:from the original on 11 December 2019 8164:from the original on 18 December 2020 8134:from the original on 19 November 2020 8039:from the original on 16 November 2016 8009:from the original on 13 February 2016 7835:from the original on 28 November 2020 7759: 7741:from the original on 19 February 2018 7690: 7650:Seong Hyeon Choi (25 November 2023). 7583:from the original on 19 December 2016 7518:from the original on 19 February 2018 7449:. Hürriyet Daily News. 6 March 2022. 7398:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-032725 7265: 6843:from the original on 11 December 2008 6778: 6351:from the original on 6 February 2016. 6285:from the original on 27 February 2023 6248:from the original on 27 February 2023 6074:from the original on 18 February 2016 5547:from the original on 29 December 2022 5309: 5152:Levinson, Charles (13 January 2010). 5094:"Russia Buys A Bunch of Israeli UAVs" 4980:from the original on 27 February 2023 4805:from the original on 27 February 2023 4493:from the original on 27 February 2023 4454:from the original on 27 February 2023 4370:from the original on 27 February 2023 4028: 4010:from the original on 18 February 2020 3954:from the original on 18 February 2022 3859:from the original on 25 February 2017 3407:from the original on 27 February 2023 3385:. : ELSEVIER - HEALTH SCIENCE. 2023. 3359: 3357: 2770: 2714: 2300:This is sufficiently close enough to 1915:UAV-to-UAV coordination supported by 1895:military ground control station (GCS) 1889:Ground control – a human operating a 1447:offer light weight combined with low 953:that would explode at a preset time. 706: 631: 194:, before ultimate replacement by the 170:has been used from the early days of 11369: 10713:Douglas / McDonnell Douglas 10173:Rogers, A., & Hill, J. (2014). 10043:from the original on 1 November 2020 9943:"UAS Remote Identification Overview" 9857:from the original on 8 February 2021 9733:from the original on 9 November 2019 9707:from the original on 9 November 2019 9493:from the original on 19 January 2018 9411:from the original on 8 November 2016 9362: 9236:Tellman, Julie (28 September 2018). 9208: 8724:from the original on 12 January 2023 8561:from the original on 12 January 2023 8419:Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 8306:"Drone Light Shows Powered by Intel" 7944:from the original on 14 October 2018 7883: 7802:from the original on 29 January 2020 7729:Bateman, Joshua (1 September 2017). 7547:from the original on 30 January 2022 7360:from the original on 3 November 2022 7306:from the original on 13 October 2022 7234: 7155:from the original on 4 February 2016 7058:from the original on 4 February 2016 7021:MacDonald, Alistair (14 July 2023). 6923: 6760:from the original on 4 February 2016 6730:from the original on 3 February 2016 6599:from the original on 5 February 2016 6587:D'Andrea, Raffaello (11 June 2013). 6538:from the original on 5 February 2016 6508:from the original on 20 January 2016 6003:from the original on 26 October 2019 5565: 5517:. Madrid: IEEE. pp. 4729–4734. 5485:from the original on 13 October 2020 5413: 5297:from the original on 29 January 2016 5133:from the original on 3 December 2013 5100:from the original on 26 October 2013 5002: 4758:Says, Robert Kanyike (21 May 2012). 4757: 4587:from the original on 6 December 2017 4022: 3682:"Drones and Artificial Intelligence" 3469:from the original on 12 January 2023 3312: 3310: 3279: 2915:National Transportation Safety Board 2327:allows damage-resilient UAVs, using 1657: 1632:digital electronic speed controllers 1174:. As a result, Israel developed the 971:bombers remotely in the late 1930s. 688:HALE (high altitude, long endurance) 619:≥ 25 kg & <150 kg 613:≥ 250 gm & <02 kg 76:UAV for commercial and recreational 10137:Hill, J., & Rogers, A. (2014). 10013:from the original on 5 October 2022 9754:"Uncrewed Aerial Systems: A Primer" 9586:from the original on 5 January 2017 9543:Walters, Sander (29 October 2016). 9463:from the original on 28 August 2016 9248:from the original on 3 October 2018 8688:Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8394:from the original on 26 August 2021 8080:Greenwood, Faine (16 August 2017). 8059:"IDF buying mass-market DJI drones" 7989:Peterson, Andrea (19 August 2013). 7709: 7495: 7204:McNabb, Miriam (28 February 2020). 6883:. Tam.plannet21.com. Archived from 6446:from the original on 7 October 2021 5154:"Israeli Robots Remake Battlefield" 5070:. Howstuffworks.com. 22 July 2008. 4721:Dempsey, Martin E. (9 April 2010). 4397:. 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Osprey Publishing. p. 16. 3307: 3094:Missile Technology Control Regime 2186:The aircraft is currently in the 1846: 1298:, according to a report from the 1014: 10740: 10739: 10729: 10728: 10718: 10717: 10707: 10706: 10696: 10695: 10685: 10684: 10674: 10673: 10663: 10662: 10025: 9995: 9983:from the original on 27 May 2021 9965: 9953:from the original on 27 May 2021 9935: 9923:from the original on 17 May 2021 9904: 9869: 9839: 9795:Expert Systems with Applications 9745: 9719: 9693: 9661:. SciTePress. pp. 136–146. 9598: 9574:Glaser, April (4 January 2017). 9567: 9536: 9505: 9475: 9455:Rocha, Veronica (21 July 2015). 9448: 9423: 9392: 9260: 9229: 9202: 9187: 9148: 9135: 9105: 9075: 9063:from the original on 7 July 2019 9045: 9000: 8963: 8914: 8865: 8818: 8777: 8736: 8675: 8608: 8573: 8522: 8455: 8406: 8380: 8354: 8328: 8298: 8208: 8176: 8146: 8114: 8073: 8051: 8021: 7982: 7956: 7926: 7914:from the original on 17 May 2021 7896: 7877: 7847: 7814: 7771: 7760:Anwar, Nessa (7 February 2023). 7753: 7722: 7703: 7684: 7643: 7625: 7609:. 2 January 2014. Archived from 7595: 7569:Arnett, George (16 March 2015). 7483:from the original on 7 June 2021 7465: 7372: 7259: 7228: 7197: 7185:from the original on 20 May 2020 7167: 7130: 7099: 7077:D. Boskovic and Knoebel (2009). 7070: 7033: 7014: 6974: 6962:from the original on 1 July 2013 6948: 6917: 6899: 6873: 6855: 6829: 6803: 6772: 6742: 6712: 6682: 6652: 6611: 6580: 6550: 6520: 6481: 6471:US Air Force Research Laboratory 6458: 6428: 6385: 6224:10.1109/MOSATT48908.2019.8944101 6028:Aerospace Science and Technology 5833:Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 5805:from the original on 4 July 2018 5074:from the original on 22 May 2013 3922:from the original on 23 May 2022 3329:from the original on 11 May 2021 3248: 3236: 3224: 3212: 3107:List of unmanned aerial vehicles 2688: 1857:exchange of video and other data 1662: 1638:of the motors) linked to motors/ 943:Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane 848:) in the first offensive use of 811:, Hatzerim airbase, Israel, 2006 718: 285:remotely piloted aircraft system 275:unmanned aircraft vehicle system 266:British Civil Aviation Authority 228:remote controlled model aircraft 11582:Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel 11410:Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche 10936: 10059: 9612:from the original on 7 May 2017 9209:Dent, Steve (16 October 2017). 9089:. 12 March 2018. Archived from 9007:Peterman, V. (26 August 2015). 8221:Project On Government Oversight 6779:Gibbs, Yvonne (31 March 2015). 6412:10.1109/DASC58513.2023.10311133 6355: 6327: 6315:from the original on 9 May 2018 6297: 6260: 6203: 6146: 6086: 6056: 6015: 5917: 5899:Sarah Knapton (29 March 2016). 5892: 5817: 5785: 5718: 5651: 5629: 5610: 5585: 5559: 5500: 5470: 5438: 5407: 5374: 5210:Fuller, Christopher J. (2015). 5203: 5178: 5112: 5086: 5060: 4996: 4950: 4913: 4820: 4778: 4751: 4705: 4658: 4641: 4623: 4599: 4324: 4311: 4286: 4280:10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.26198462.V1 4259: 4228:"Solar-Powered Drones and UAVs" 4219: 4162: 4137: 4088: 4070:Robotics and Autonomous Systems 4057: 3879:"Canadian Aviation Regulations" 3871: 3845: 3815: 3791: 3760: 3730: 3674: 3657: 3625: 3592: 2341: 1578: 1170:caused heavy damage to Israeli 1061:in 1960. Within days, a highly 983:and more models emerged during 974: 835: 555:> 50 cm & < 2 m 258:Federal Aviation Administration 234:remotely piloted aerial vehicle 11405:Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird 8899:10.1088/1755-1315/349/1/012009 8335:Hirsch, Lauren (1 July 2023). 6624:Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 3559: 3522: 3481: 3419: 3280:Tice, Brian P. (Spring 1991). 3273: 3132:List of films featuring drones 2909:occurred on 10 August 2018 in 2842:Use of UAVs in law enforcement 2466:Unmanned combat aerial vehicle 2307: 1521:Ornithopters – wing propulsion 1193: 1034:of 1951, while companies like 947:Dayton-Wright Airplane Company 645:), or with various degrees of 186:. Later examples included the 158: 13: 1: 11638:Next Generation Air Dominance 11628:Light Helicopter Experimental 11557:General Atomics MQ-20 Avenger 8468:Biodiversity and Conservation 7710:Joe, Rick (5 February 2020). 7543:. TRTWORLD. 23 January 2022. 7477:www.intelligent-aerospace.com 7379:Horowitz, Michael C. (2020). 6645:10.1016/S1000-9361(08)60095-3 6465:Clough, Bruce (August 2002). 5383:Univ. Ill. Law Rev.:1201–1241 4630:Biodiversity Heritage Library 4612:, John Wiley and Sons, 2006, 4512:Haydon, F. Stansbury (2000). 4356:. Pen and Sword. p. 19. 4226:jenks2026 (30 January 2024). 3261: 3147:Micromechanical Flying Insect 3022: 2959: 2882:List of UAV-related incidents 2007:Air Force Research Laboratory 1732:Orocos-Robot Operating System 1511:battery elimination circuitry 1477: 1240:General Atomics MQ-1 Predator 917:British unmanned developments 888:in 1903, as a way of testing 699:CIS Lunar Earth-Moon transfer 11539:Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider 10549:Flying boats and floatplanes 10073:Sayler, Kelley (June 2015). 9512:Mike Mount; Elaine Quijano. 8154:"大疆创新与新疆自治区公安厅结为警用无人机战略合作伙伴" 5863:10.1088/1748-3182/9/2/025004 5752:10.1371/journal.pone.0058210 5685:10.1371/journal.pone.0058210 5228:10.1080/02684527.2014.895569 4554:Smithsonian Annals of Flight 4389:Hallion, Richard P. (2003). 4266:Fabled Sky Research (2024). 3714:. Drones Etc. Archived from 3266: 2295:The delicacy of the British 2071: 1784:PX4, Cleanflight, ArduPilot 1621: 1569:UAV-systems control hardware 1439:For conventional flight the 1405:Small civilian UAVs have no 1396:environmental control system 892:without risking human life. 256:(DoD) and the United States 7: 11999:Global Combat Air Programme 11970:Global Combat Air Programme 11905:Global Combat Air Programme 11493:Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor 10253: 8985:10.1016/j.jrmge.2023.12.004 7235:Peck, Abe (19 March 2020). 6839:. Designation-systems.net. 4785:Andersson, Lennart (1994). 4556:(9). Washington, DC: 1–85. 4479:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 9–10. 4434:Renner, Stephen L. (2016). 4195:10.1016/j.egyai.2022.100175 4082:10.1016/j.robot.2018.02.019 4064:Hu, J.; Lanzon, A. (2018). 3317:Alvarado, Ed (3 May 2021). 3197:Unmanned underwater vehicle 3099: 3008:counter unmanned air system 2974:Counter unmanned air system 2899: 2683:Russian invasion of Ukraine 2612:Russian invasion of Ukraine 2568:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1922: 1653: 1271:Central Intelligence Agency 979:In 1940, Denny started the 728:Battery-powered (Electric): 656: 89:General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper 10: 12445: 11455:Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA 9817:10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117665 9213:. Engadget. Archived from 8948:10.1007/s10346-023-02082-y 8851:10.1007/s10346-023-02044-4 8594:10.1007/s10530-023-03190-5 8535:Applied Vegetation Science 8488:10.1007/s10531-020-02073-8 4545:Mikesh, Robert C. (1973). 4473:Murphy, Justin D. (2005). 3192:UAV ground control station 3182:Satellite Sentinel Project 3172:Optionally piloted vehicle 3077:Class Identification Label 3075:The implementation of the 3042:civil aviation authorities 3026: 2999: 2894: 2879: 2864: 2839: 2803: 2718: 2692: 2463: 2459: 2345: 2154:Lengthy endurance flights 2055:Performance considerations 1926: 1583: 774: 770: 29: 12367: 12338: 12309: 12282: 12264: 12257: 12228: 12201: 12183: 12169: 12162: 12135: 12117: 12110: 12088: 12070: 12063: 12041: 12018: 12011: 11982: 11960: 11942: 11935: 11913: 11895: 11872: 11863: 11836: 11818: 11780: 11752: 11745: 11703: 11685: 11662: 11655: 11613:Advanced Tactical Fighter 11605: 11577:Lockheed Martin Sea Ghost 11547: 11524: 11506: 11483: 11395: 11386: 11377: 11293: 11061: 11052: 10994: 10990: 10977: 10942: 10931: 10888: 10860: 10834: 10806: 10785: 10777:Four-engined jet aircraft 10754: 10655: 10613: 10587: 10501: 10497: 10486: 10482: 10469: 10259: 10248: 9155:Faust, Daniel R. (2015). 8709:10.5194/hess-20-4005-2016 8641:10.1007/s11119-012-9274-5 7691:Skove, Sam (1 May 2024). 6171:10.1016/j.mex.2018.09.003 6049:10.1016/j.ast.2015.08.010 5566:Hill, John (7 May 2024). 5523:10.1109/IROS.2018.8593859 5362:The Brookings Institution 5185:Gal-Or, Benjamin (1990). 5068:"A Brief History of UAVs" 4562:10.5479/si.AnnalsFlight.9 4298:www.commercialuavnews.com 4122:10.1016/j.trc.2021.103377 3769:"unmanned aerial vehicle" 3738:"unmanned aerial vehicle" 3454:10.5194/essd-12-1545-2020 3433:Earth System Science Data 3162:Radio-controlled aircraft 1994:(such as rolls and loops) 1937:UAV's degrees of autonomy 1671:This section needs to be 1597:inertial measurement unit 1503:lithium-polymer batteries 1377: 1315:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war 1285:radio-controlled aircraft 1141:Air Force Systems Command 921:de Havilland 82 Queen Bee 639:remotely piloted aircraft 567: 12414:Unmanned aerial vehicles 12193:Future Combat Air System 12127:Future Combat Air System 12080:Future Combat Air System 11633:Long Range Strike Bomber 11516:Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk 10096:Wagner, William (1982), 9677:10.5220/0010836600003124 7656:South China Morning Post 7040:Boniol (December 2014). 7029:– via www.wsj.com. 5924:Antonio (11 July 2024). 4760:"History of U.S. Drones" 4336:27 February 2023 at the 2996:Cannon anti-drone system 2950:Federal Trade Commission 2940:Security vulnerabilities 2730:Environmental monitoring 2621: 2333:crewed avionics software 1540:Computer control systems 1501:Small drones mostly use 1208:lethal autonomous weapon 1067:clash in the Tonkin Gulf 911:in preparations for the 886:Paris Academy of Science 809:Israeli Air Force Museum 665:Unmanned Systems forum: 486:> 150 & < 650 365:> 55 & < 1320 246:unmanned aircraft system 145:environmental monitoring 11952:Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin 11882:British Aerospace P.125 11587:Northrop Grumman RQ-180 10457:unmanned aerial vehicle 9917:Drone Industry Insights 8890:2019E&ES..349a2009Y 8033:Drone Business Marketer 7678:The Wall Street Journal 7241:Inside Unmanned Systems 5623:The Future of Drone Use 5367:26 January 2018 at the 5159:The Wall Street Journal 4920:Dunstan, Simon (2013). 4424:, R. D. Layman, page 56 4350:Kaplan, Philip (2013). 3773:Encyclopedia Britannica 3686:Drone Industry Insights 3323:Drone Industry Insights 3187:Tactical Control System 2512:ground control stations 1370:According to data from 1304:autonomous killer-robot 1267:United States Air Force 1216:Counterterrorism Center 876:Leonardo Torres Quevedo 713:unmanned aerial systems 518: 483:> 50 & < 150 207:unmanned aerial vehicle 123:), commonly known as a 117:unmanned aerial vehicle 11851:Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B 11805:Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate 11643:Next-Generation Bomber 11597:General Atomics XQ-67A 11567:Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat 11470:Northrop Grumman X-47B 10630:Maximum takeoff weight 10448:human-powered aircraft 10206:Rolling Stone Magazine 10123:The Aviation Historian 9635:. pp. 1223–1232. 7112:University of Michigan 6881:"Trans atlantic Model" 6837:"General Atomics Gnat" 4827:H. R. Everett (2015). 4665:H. R. Everett (2015). 4520:. JHU Press. pp. 2997: 2989: 2891: 2818: 2744:invasive alien species 2634: 2515: 2314:resilience engineering 2188:Hiller Aviation Museum 2089: 2081: 2021: 2018:Northrop Grumman X-47B 1938: 1859:. Early UAVs had only 1838:is common. Sometimes, 1818: 1742:Flight stack overview 1562:single-board computers 1553: 1426:Aircraft configuration 1387: 1337:UAVs are also used in 1334: 1247:air-to-ground missiles 1236:some carried armaments 1211: 1160:surface-to-air missile 1147:, Commander in Chief, 1009:Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 844:(the precursor to the 832: 820: 812: 796: 790:de Havilland Queen Bee 532:Micro/Very small UAVs 454:Very close range UAVs 362:> 20 & < 55 184:de Havilland Queen Bee 112: 92: 80: 59: 48: 18:Unmanned Aerial System 11592:Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie 11562:Boeing MQ-25 Stingray 11445:Lockheed Martin FB-22 10842:Early flying machines 10177:. Between the Lines. 10037:www.eur-lex.europa.eu 9471:– via LA Times. 8803:10.3390/drones8010030 8762:10.3390/drones7030212 8621:Precision Agriculture 8224:. 25 September 2018. 7966:. 14 September 2015. 7861:. 18 September 2018. 7334:ACM Computing Surveys 7010:on 24 September 2010. 6068:playground.arduino.cc 5356:6 August 2011 at the 5003:Blum, Howard (2003). 3742:TheFreeDictionary.com 3507:10.3390/drones4010005 3000:Further information: 2995: 2981: 2889: 2813: 2654:, and French company 2629: 2497: 2097:Wankel rotary engines 2087: 2079: 2015: 1936: 1878:techniques and carry 1816: 1710:, etc. shielded with 1547: 1407:life-critical systems 1385: 1323: 1232:surveillance aircraft 1201: 1180:completely neutralize 1149:Strategic Air Command 1071:North Vietnamese Navy 949:invented a pilotless 874:The Spanish engineer 826: 818: 802: 784: 480:> 5 & < 50 151:, entertainment, and 141:precision agriculture 98: 86: 65: 54: 42: 11772:Mikoyan Project 1.44 11623:Joint Strike Fighter 11450:Lockheed Martin X-35 10910:Light-sport aircraft 9911:Boedecker, Hendrik. 9801:. Elsevier: 117665. 9015:. XL-1–W4: 215–218. 8582:Biological Invasions 8160:. 24 December 2017. 8069:on 11 December 2017. 7904:"UAS by the Numbers" 7884:Daly, David (2021). 7181:. 31 December 2019. 7049:Aerospacelab Journal 6825:on 11 September 2013 6694:Pelonis Technologies 6534:. 27 November 2012. 5096:. Strategypage.com. 4739:on 22 September 2018 4698:Taylor, John W. R.. 3978:29 June 2021 at the 3916:"UAV classification" 3767:Guilmartin, John F. 2572:Israel-Gaza conflict 2500:Baykar Bayraktar TB2 2198:General Atomics Gnat 2143:and communications. 1955:or inertial sensors. 1515:microcontroller unit 1496:Wankel rotary engine 1463:in use vary widely. 1400:life support systems 1349:Dragonfly spacecraft 1324:Artist's concept of 1186:at the start of the 909:Wing Commander Brock 296:Classification types 192:Miles Queen Martinet 56:Northrop Grumman Bat 32:UAV (disambiguation) 12292:Bayraktar Kızılelma 11923:BAE Systems Taranis 11887:BAE Systems Replica 11534:Northrop B-2 Spirit 11465:Northrop Tacit Blue 11415:Boeing Bird of Prey 10169:on 6 February 2016. 9729:. 21 January 2019. 9274:. 26 January 2019. 9021:2015ISPAr.XL1..215P 8939:2023Lands..20.1657T 8843:2023Lands..20.1405D 8700:2016HESS...20.4005P 8633:2012PrAgr..13..693Z 8547:2016AppVS..19..132G 8480:2021BiCon..30....1R 8431:2017FloMI..54..243F 7995:The Washington Post 7514:. 27 October 2016. 7095:on 4 February 2016. 7027:Wall Street Journal 6724:www.gtri.gatech.edu 6636:2009ChJAn..22..250Y 6494:The Washington Post 6276:IFAC World Congress 6112:2018RemS...10..641M 6040:2015AeST...46..436F 5981:10.1038/nature14542 5973:2015Natur.521..460F 5845:2014BiBi....9b5004C 5798:The Washington Post 5743:2013PLoSO...858210T 5676:2013PLoSO...858210T 5189:. Springer Verlag. 5042:, p. 200, 212. 4610:History of wireless 4187:2022EneAI...900175Z 4113:2021TRPC..13203377G 3855:. 23 January 2017. 3718:on 17 November 2015 3445:2020ESSD...12.1545P 3167:Autonomous aircraft 3064:RaceDayQuads v. FAA 2876:Safety and security 2610:Following the 2022 2504:Ukrainian Air Force 2417:scientific research 2405:Aerial surveillance 2329:non-linear analysis 2155: 2107:Hydrogen fuel cells 2047:. In this context, 2033:collision avoidance 1929:Autonomous aircraft 1792:Computer-intensive 1770:ArduCopter-v1, PX4 1743: 1634:(which control the 1484:internal combustion 1461:wing configurations 1300:UN Security Council 1079:Ryan AQM-91 Firefly 858:incendiary balloons 763:Hydrogen Fuel Cell: 441:Range and endurance 403:> 18,000 ft 398:< 18,000 ft 393:< 18,000 ft 380:Operating altitude 188:Airspeed Queen Wasp 101:fixed-wing aircraft 11723:CAIG Wing Loong-10 11572:Boeing Phantom Ray 11435:Lockheed Have Blue 11380:Stealth technology 11306:WWI Central Powers 10798:Regional airliners 10200:2 May 2018 at the 10067:Drone War Vietnam. 10007:www.eudronport.com 9438:The New York Times 9217:on 16 October 2017 8555:10.1111/avsc.12204 8341:The New York Times 7787:The New York Times 6664:patents.google.com 6344:. September 2012. 6121:10.3390/rs10040641 4874:, p. xi, xii. 4673:. pp. 91–95. 4655:, 7 November 2011. 4149:www.flyability.com 3833:on 6 February 2016 3811:on 2 October 2008. 3688:. 28 August 2018. 3002:Electronic warfare 2998: 2990: 2892: 2855:traffic monitoring 2819: 2815:Agricultural drone 2806:Agricultural drone 2771:Geological hazards 2715:Aerial photography 2646:, Chinese company 2635: 2516: 2474:Loitering munition 2378:, conservation of 2153: 2133:weather monitoring 2090: 2082: 2026:airborne refueling 2022: 1939: 1876:quality of service 1819: 1741: 1554: 1507:hydrogen fuel cell 1388: 1335: 1274:also operated UAVs 1212: 1158:, Soviet-supplied 981:Radioplane Company 956:The film star and 897:military personnel 833: 821: 813: 797: 707:Composite criteria 632:Degree of autonomy 585:Micro air vehicles 463:Medium range UAVs 388:< 3,500 ft 383:< 1,200 ft 215:aerodynamic forces 200:aerial photography 149:product deliveries 137:aerial photography 131:without any human 113: 93: 81: 78:aerial photography 60: 49: 12401: 12400: 12397: 12396: 12363: 12362: 12355:KAI KF-21 Boramae 12334: 12333: 12326:KAI KF-21 Boramae 12305: 12304: 12253: 12252: 12224: 12223: 12158: 12157: 12106: 12105: 12059: 12058: 12007: 12006: 11978: 11977: 11931: 11930: 11859: 11858: 11741: 11740: 11651: 11650: 11337: 11336: 11333: 11332: 11329: 11328: 11321:World War II jets 11289: 11288: 10984:Military aircraft 10973: 10972: 10969: 10968: 10965: 10964: 10947:By date and usage 10927: 10926: 10923: 10922: 10819:Regional airliner 10519:Electric aircraft 10492:By characteristic 10465: 10464: 10242:Lists of aircraft 10107:978-0-8168-6654-0 10003:"UAS Class Label" 9686:978-989-758-555-5 9242:Teton Valley News 9057:finance.yahoo.com 8694:(10): 4005–4015. 8130:. 26 March 2020. 7613:on 8 January 2015 7479:. 19 March 2021. 7284:10.1111/ibi.12993 6913:on 23 April 2011. 6562:bdml.stanford.edu 6421:979-8-3503-3357-2 6396:. pp. 1–10. 6233:978-1-7281-5083-3 5967:(7553): 460–466. 5532:978-1-5386-8094-0 5414:Hambling, David. 5349:Singer, Peter W. 5196:978-3-540-97161-0 5007:. HarperCollins. 4910:, p. 78, 79. 4680:978-0-262-02922-3 4531:978-0-8018-6442-1 4486:978-1-85109-488-2 4447:978-0-253-02339-1 4408:978-0-19-028959-1 4363:978-1-4738-2997-8 3641:. 17 April 2017. 3618:10.3390/w11030604 3585:10.3390/w10030264 3552:10.3390/w10050655 3392:978-0-323-85283-8 3255:Telecommunication 3142:MARSS Interceptor 2851:search and rescue 2514:in the background 2486:Micro air vehicle 2293: 2292: 2137:disaster recovery 1981:or homing beacon. 1979:image recognition 1891:radio transmitter 1802: 1801: 1789:Operating system 1692: 1691: 1445:blended wing body 1317:against Armenia. 1091:Wide World Photos 935:Charles Kettering 786:Winston Churchill 626: 625: 610:< 250 gm 565: 564: 516: 515: 460:Short range UAVs 457:Close range UAVs 435: 434: 373:>1,320 lb 368:>1,320 lb 139:, area coverage, 16:(Redirected from 12436: 12372: 12371: 12343: 12342: 12314: 12313: 12262: 12261: 12233: 12232: 12167: 12166: 12115: 12114: 12068: 12067: 12016: 12015: 11987: 11986: 11940: 11939: 11870: 11869: 11750: 11749: 11660: 11659: 11393: 11392: 11371:Stealth aircraft 11364: 11357: 11350: 11341: 11340: 11059: 11058: 10992: 10991: 10979: 10978: 10933: 10932: 10743: 10742: 10732: 10731: 10721: 10720: 10710: 10709: 10699: 10698: 10688: 10687: 10677: 10676: 10666: 10665: 10499: 10498: 10488: 10487: 10484: 10483: 10471: 10470: 10250: 10249: 10235: 10228: 10221: 10212: 10211: 10170: 10168: 10162:. Archived from 10157: 10134: 10110: 10092: 10091:on 6 March 2016. 10090: 10084:. Archived from 10079: 10053: 10052: 10050: 10048: 10029: 10023: 10022: 10020: 10018: 9999: 9993: 9992: 9990: 9988: 9969: 9963: 9962: 9960: 9958: 9939: 9933: 9932: 9930: 9928: 9908: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9891: 9884: 9873: 9867: 9866: 9864: 9862: 9843: 9837: 9836: 9810: 9790: 9784: 9783: 9777: 9769: 9767: 9765: 9749: 9743: 9742: 9740: 9738: 9723: 9717: 9716: 9714: 9712: 9697: 9691: 9690: 9670: 9653: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9628: 9622: 9621: 9619: 9617: 9608:. 6 March 2017. 9602: 9596: 9595: 9593: 9591: 9571: 9565: 9564: 9562: 9560: 9540: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9529: 9509: 9503: 9502: 9500: 9498: 9479: 9473: 9472: 9470: 9468: 9452: 9446: 9445: 9435: 9427: 9421: 9420: 9418: 9416: 9396: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9385: 9366: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9333: 9327: 9326: 9324: 9322: 9302: 9296: 9295: 9293: 9291: 9264: 9258: 9257: 9255: 9253: 9233: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9222: 9206: 9200: 9199: 9191: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9152: 9146: 9143:Vombatus ursinus 9139: 9133: 9132: 9130: 9128: 9109: 9103: 9102: 9100: 9098: 9079: 9073: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9049: 9043: 9042: 9032: 9004: 8998: 8997: 8987: 8967: 8961: 8960: 8950: 8933:(8): 1657–1665. 8918: 8912: 8911: 8901: 8869: 8863: 8862: 8837:(7): 1405–1417. 8822: 8816: 8815: 8805: 8781: 8775: 8774: 8764: 8740: 8734: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8711: 8679: 8673: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8612: 8606: 8605: 8577: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8526: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8442: 8410: 8404: 8403: 8401: 8399: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8347: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8302: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8244: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8212: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8180: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8150: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8139: 8118: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8102:on 17 April 2018 8098:. Archived from 8077: 8071: 8070: 8065:. Archived from 8055: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8044: 8025: 8019: 8018: 8016: 8014: 7986: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7960: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7940:. 4 April 2017. 7930: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7919: 7900: 7894: 7893: 7881: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7851: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7818: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7783: 7775: 7769: 7768: 7757: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7707: 7701: 7700: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7669: 7660: 7659: 7647: 7641: 7640: 7629: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7566: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7537: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7508: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7469: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7443: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7412: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7376: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7325: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7254: 7252: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7221: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7171: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7154: 7143: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7103: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7088:. Archived from 7083: 7074: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7057: 7046: 7037: 7031: 7030: 7018: 7012: 7011: 6996: 6990: 6989: 6978: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6958:. Spacewar.com. 6952: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6932:. Archived from 6921: 6915: 6914: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6869:on 30 July 2013. 6865:. Archived from 6859: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6818:, archived from 6817: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6746: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6656: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6615: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6524: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6485: 6479: 6478: 6462: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6405: 6389: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6359: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6339: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6301: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6284: 6273: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6190: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6133: 6123: 6090: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6060: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6019: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 5952: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5921: 5915: 5914: 5913:on 1 April 2016. 5909:. Archived from 5896: 5890: 5889: 5888:on 16 April 2016 5887: 5881:, archived from 5856: 5830: 5821: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5772: 5754: 5722: 5716: 5715: 5705: 5687: 5655: 5649: 5648: 5642: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5589: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5490: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5411: 5405: 5402: 5396: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5378: 5372: 5371:, November 2009. 5347: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5264: 5257: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4987: 4985: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4940: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4738: 4732:. Archived from 4727: 4718: 4712: 4709: 4703: 4696: 4685: 4684: 4662: 4656: 4645: 4639: 4627: 4621: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4586: 4551: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4519: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4412: 4396: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4347: 4341: 4328: 4322: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4274:: 219399 Bytes. 4272:UAV Technologies 4263: 4257: 4256: 4250: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4206: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4124: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4044: 4037: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 3995: 3989: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3953: 3946: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3912: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3829:. Archived from 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3804:. Archived from 3803: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3678: 3672: 3663:Note; the term " 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3509: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3456: 3439:(3): 1545–1559. 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3377: 3368: 3361: 3352: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3314: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3288:. Archived from 3286:Airpower Journal 3277: 3253: 3252: 3251: 3241: 3240: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3208: 2861:Humanitarian Aid 2817:on trailer setup 2721:Drone journalism 2529:Northrop Grumman 2355:Amazon Prime Air 2279:QinetiQ Zephyr 7 2247:RQ-4 Global Hawk 2156: 2152: 2045:machine learning 1855:for control and 1744: 1740: 1687: 1684: 1678: 1666: 1665: 1658: 1558:system-on-a-chip 1265:As of 2012, the 1244:AGM-114 Hellfire 1242:, that launched 1188:1982 Lebanon War 1154:During the 1973 1098:War of Attrition 846:aircraft carrier 756:Nuclear-powered: 593:or Small (SUAV) 575: 574: 552:< 50 cm 535:Mini/Small UAVs 526: 525: 466:Long range UAVs 448: 447: 425:(460 km/h) 423:< 250 kn 420:(460 km/h) 418:< 250 kn 415:(190 km/h) 413:< 100 kn 354:Max take-off wt 311: 310: 109:MQ-8B Fire Scout 21: 12444: 12443: 12439: 12438: 12437: 12435: 12434: 12433: 12404: 12403: 12402: 12393: 12359: 12330: 12301: 12278: 12249: 12245:Flygsystem 2020 12220: 12197: 12179: 12154: 12145:Dassault nEUROn 12131: 12102: 12098:Dassault nEUROn 12084: 12055: 12037: 12033:Sukhoi/HAL FGFA 12003: 11974: 11956: 11927: 11909: 11891: 11865: 11855: 11832: 11814: 11810:Sukhoi/HAL FGFA 11776: 11762:Yakovlev Yak-43 11737: 11718:AVIC Dark Sword 11699: 11681: 11647: 11601: 11543: 11520: 11502: 11479: 11388: 11382: 11373: 11368: 11338: 11325: 11285: 11048: 11039:Submarine-borne 11034:Maritime patrol 10986: 10961: 10938: 10919: 10898: 10884: 10856: 10830: 10802: 10781: 10750: 10651: 10640:very light jets 10623: 10609: 10583: 10493: 10478: 10461: 10255: 10244: 10239: 10202:Wayback Machine 10191: 10166: 10155: 10117: 10115:Further reading 10108: 10088: 10077: 10062: 10057: 10056: 10046: 10044: 10031: 10030: 10026: 10016: 10014: 10009:. August 2022. 10001: 10000: 9996: 9986: 9984: 9971: 9970: 9966: 9956: 9954: 9941: 9940: 9936: 9926: 9924: 9909: 9905: 9895: 9893: 9892:on 4 March 2016 9889: 9882: 9874: 9870: 9860: 9858: 9845: 9844: 9840: 9791: 9787: 9771: 9770: 9763: 9761: 9750: 9746: 9736: 9734: 9725: 9724: 9720: 9710: 9708: 9699: 9698: 9694: 9687: 9654: 9650: 9629: 9625: 9615: 9613: 9604: 9603: 9599: 9589: 9587: 9572: 9568: 9558: 9556: 9541: 9537: 9527: 9525: 9510: 9506: 9496: 9494: 9481: 9480: 9476: 9466: 9464: 9453: 9449: 9428: 9424: 9414: 9412: 9397: 9393: 9383: 9381: 9368: 9367: 9363: 9353: 9351: 9334: 9330: 9320: 9318: 9303: 9299: 9289: 9287: 9266: 9265: 9261: 9251: 9249: 9234: 9230: 9220: 9218: 9207: 9203: 9192: 9188: 9178: 9176: 9169: 9153: 9149: 9140: 9136: 9126: 9124: 9111: 9110: 9106: 9096: 9094: 9093:on 29 June 2018 9081: 9080: 9076: 9066: 9064: 9051: 9050: 9046: 9005: 9001: 8968: 8964: 8919: 8915: 8870: 8866: 8823: 8819: 8782: 8778: 8741: 8737: 8727: 8725: 8680: 8676: 8666: 8664: 8613: 8609: 8578: 8574: 8564: 8562: 8527: 8523: 8513: 8511: 8460: 8456: 8411: 8407: 8397: 8395: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8371: 8369: 8360: 8359: 8355: 8345: 8343: 8333: 8329: 8319: 8317: 8304: 8303: 8299: 8289: 8287: 8276: 8272: 8262: 8260: 8245: 8241: 8231: 8229: 8214: 8213: 8209: 8199: 8197: 8192:. 7 June 2018. 8182: 8181: 8177: 8167: 8165: 8152: 8151: 8147: 8137: 8135: 8120: 8119: 8115: 8105: 8103: 8078: 8074: 8057: 8056: 8052: 8042: 8040: 8027: 8026: 8022: 8012: 8010: 7987: 7983: 7973: 7971: 7962: 7961: 7957: 7947: 7945: 7932: 7931: 7927: 7917: 7915: 7902: 7901: 7897: 7882: 7878: 7868: 7866: 7853: 7852: 7848: 7838: 7836: 7819: 7815: 7805: 7803: 7776: 7772: 7758: 7754: 7744: 7742: 7727: 7723: 7708: 7704: 7689: 7685: 7670: 7663: 7648: 7644: 7631: 7630: 7626: 7616: 7614: 7601: 7600: 7596: 7586: 7584: 7567: 7560: 7550: 7548: 7539: 7538: 7531: 7521: 7519: 7510: 7509: 7496: 7486: 7484: 7471: 7470: 7466: 7456: 7454: 7445: 7444: 7435: 7425: 7423: 7414: 7413: 7406: 7377: 7373: 7363: 7361: 7346:10.1145/3347713 7326: 7319: 7309: 7307: 7264: 7260: 7250: 7248: 7233: 7229: 7219: 7217: 7202: 7198: 7188: 7186: 7173: 7172: 7168: 7158: 7156: 7152: 7141: 7135: 7131: 7121: 7119: 7104: 7100: 7092: 7081: 7075: 7071: 7061: 7059: 7055: 7044: 7038: 7034: 7019: 7015: 6998: 6997: 6993: 6988:on 24 May 2011. 6980: 6979: 6975: 6965: 6963: 6954: 6953: 6949: 6939: 6937: 6936:on 2 April 2015 6924:Simonite, Tom. 6922: 6918: 6905: 6904: 6900: 6890: 6888: 6879: 6878: 6874: 6861: 6860: 6856: 6846: 6844: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6822: 6815: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6794: 6792: 6777: 6773: 6763: 6761: 6756:. 20 May 2015. 6748: 6747: 6743: 6733: 6731: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6703: 6701: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6673: 6671: 6658: 6657: 6653: 6616: 6612: 6602: 6600: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6569: 6556: 6555: 6551: 6541: 6539: 6526: 6525: 6521: 6511: 6509: 6486: 6482: 6463: 6459: 6449: 6447: 6434: 6433: 6429: 6422: 6390: 6386: 6376: 6374: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6348: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6318: 6316: 6303: 6302: 6298: 6288: 6286: 6282: 6271: 6265: 6261: 6251: 6249: 6234: 6208: 6204: 6151: 6147: 6091: 6087: 6077: 6075: 6062: 6061: 6057: 6020: 6016: 6006: 6004: 5953: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5922: 5918: 5897: 5893: 5885: 5854:10.1.1.650.3728 5828: 5822: 5818: 5808: 5806: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5723: 5719: 5656: 5652: 5640: 5634: 5630: 5615: 5611: 5601: 5599: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5576: 5574: 5572:Army Technology 5564: 5560: 5550: 5548: 5533: 5505: 5501: 5488: 5486: 5475: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5454:. 29 May 2021. 5444: 5443: 5439: 5429: 5427: 5412: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5394: 5390: 5379: 5375: 5369:Wayback Machine 5358:Wayback Machine 5348: 5341: 5331: 5329: 5314: 5310: 5300: 5298: 5282: 5278: 5268: 5266: 5262: 5255: 5247: 5243: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5183: 5179: 5169: 5167: 5162:. p. A10. 5150: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5117: 5113: 5103: 5101: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5075: 5066: 5065: 5061: 5053: 5046: 5038: 5034: 5026: 5022: 5015: 5001: 4997: 4983: 4981: 4974: 4955: 4951: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4902: 4894: 4890: 4882: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4858: 4854: 4847: 4825: 4821: 4808: 4806: 4799: 4783: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4725: 4719: 4715: 4710: 4706: 4697: 4688: 4681: 4663: 4659: 4647:Randy Alfred, " 4646: 4642: 4628: 4624: 4606:Tapan K. Sarkar 4604: 4600: 4590: 4588: 4584: 4549: 4543: 4539: 4532: 4510: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4487: 4471: 4467: 4457: 4455: 4448: 4432: 4428: 4420: 4416: 4409: 4387: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4364: 4348: 4344: 4338:Wayback Machine 4329: 4325: 4316: 4312: 4302: 4300: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4264: 4260: 4244: 4243: 4236: 4234: 4224: 4220: 4167: 4163: 4153: 4151: 4143: 4142: 4138: 4093: 4089: 4062: 4058: 4048: 4046: 4045:on 4 March 2016 4042: 4035: 4027: 4023: 4013: 4011: 3996: 3992: 3988:, 29 June 2021. 3980:Wayback Machine 3971: 3967: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3914: 3913: 3902: 3892: 3890: 3885:. 1 June 2019. 3877: 3876: 3872: 3862: 3860: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3821: 3820: 3816: 3808: 3801: 3797: 3796: 3792: 3782: 3780: 3765: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3695: 3693: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3597: 3593: 3564: 3560: 3531:Sharp, Julia L. 3527: 3523: 3486: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3393: 3379: 3378: 3371: 3362: 3355: 3346: 3342: 3332: 3330: 3315: 3308: 3295: 3293: 3292:on 24 July 2009 3278: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3249: 3247: 3235: 3231:Systems science 3225: 3223: 3213: 3211: 3203: 3201: 3102: 3090: 3088:Export controls 3073: 3031: 3025: 3004: 2976: 2971: 2969:Countermeasures 2962: 2942: 2907:hot air balloon 2902: 2897: 2884: 2878: 2869: 2863: 2844: 2838: 2836:Law enforcement 2808: 2802: 2773: 2732: 2723: 2717: 2701: 2691: 2679:American police 2677:since 2017 and 2624: 2605:target practice 2525:Lockheed Martin 2521:General Atomics 2492: 2464:Main articles: 2462: 2425:cargo transport 2388:law enforcement 2372:disaster relief 2350: 2344: 2325:flight envelope 2318:fault tolerance 2310: 2271:28–31 July 2008 2163: 2125:low Earth orbit 2114:Reynolds number 2074: 2062: 2060:Flight envelope 2057: 2049:computer vision 2041:cognitive radio 1990:Pre-programmed 1931: 1925: 1902:military powers 1849: 1811: 1809:Loop principles 1688: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1667: 1663: 1656: 1624: 1586: 1581: 1542: 1523: 1480: 1428: 1380: 1224:AAI Pioneer UAV 1220:AAI Corporation 1196: 1137:George S. Brown 1059:shot down a U-2 1050:. In 1959, the 1017: 997:V-1 flying bomb 977: 842:balloon carrier 838: 829:Tadiran Mastiff 779: 773: 759:implementation. 721: 709: 659: 634: 570: 547:Length/Wingspan 521: 443: 424: 419: 414: 405:(5,500 m) 404: 400:(5,500 m) 399: 395:(5,500 m) 394: 390:(1,100 m) 389: 384: 374: 369: 358: 357:< 20 lb 298: 264:(ICAO) and the 224:kamikaze drones 161: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12442: 12432: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12399: 12398: 12395: 12394: 12392: 12391: 12386: 12384:IAIO Qaher-313 12380: 12378: 12369: 12365: 12364: 12361: 12360: 12358: 12357: 12351: 12349: 12340: 12336: 12335: 12332: 12331: 12329: 12328: 12322: 12320: 12311: 12307: 12306: 12303: 12302: 12300: 12299: 12294: 12288: 12286: 12280: 12279: 12277: 12276: 12270: 12268: 12259: 12255: 12254: 12251: 12250: 12248: 12247: 12241: 12239: 12230: 12226: 12225: 12222: 12221: 12219: 12218: 12216:Airbus Wingman 12213: 12211:EADS Barracuda 12207: 12205: 12199: 12198: 12196: 12195: 12189: 12187: 12181: 12180: 12177:MBB Lampyridae 12175: 12173: 12164: 12160: 12159: 12156: 12155: 12153: 12152: 12150:EADS Barracuda 12147: 12141: 12139: 12133: 12132: 12130: 12129: 12123: 12121: 12112: 12108: 12107: 12104: 12103: 12101: 12100: 12094: 12092: 12086: 12085: 12083: 12082: 12076: 12074: 12065: 12061: 12060: 12057: 12056: 12054: 12053: 12047: 12045: 12039: 12038: 12036: 12035: 12030: 12024: 12022: 12013: 12009: 12008: 12005: 12004: 12002: 12001: 11995: 11993: 11984: 11980: 11979: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11972: 11966: 11964: 11958: 11957: 11955: 11954: 11948: 11946: 11937: 11933: 11932: 11929: 11928: 11926: 11925: 11919: 11917: 11911: 11910: 11908: 11907: 11901: 11899: 11893: 11892: 11890: 11889: 11884: 11878: 11876: 11867: 11861: 11860: 11857: 11856: 11854: 11853: 11848: 11842: 11840: 11834: 11833: 11831: 11830: 11828:Tupolev PAK DA 11824: 11822: 11816: 11815: 11813: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11795:Mikoyan PAK DP 11792: 11786: 11784: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11758: 11756: 11747: 11743: 11742: 11739: 11738: 11736: 11735: 11730: 11728:CASC Rainbow-7 11725: 11720: 11715: 11709: 11707: 11701: 11700: 11698: 11697: 11691: 11689: 11683: 11682: 11680: 11679: 11677:Shenyang FC-31 11674: 11668: 11666: 11657: 11653: 11652: 11649: 11648: 11646: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11609: 11607: 11603: 11602: 11600: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11553: 11551: 11545: 11544: 11542: 11541: 11536: 11530: 11528: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11518: 11512: 11510: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11500: 11495: 11489: 11487: 11481: 11480: 11478: 11477: 11475:Northrop YF-23 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11440:Lockheed YF-22 11437: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11401: 11399: 11390: 11384: 11383: 11378: 11375: 11374: 11367: 11366: 11359: 11352: 11344: 11335: 11334: 11331: 11330: 11327: 11326: 11324: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11297: 11295: 11291: 11290: 11287: 11286: 11284: 11283: 11278: 11276:United Kingdom 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11121:Czech Republic 11118: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11062: 11056: 11050: 11049: 11047: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11009: 11004: 10998: 10996: 10988: 10987: 10975: 10974: 10971: 10970: 10967: 10966: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10959: 10954: 10952:By tail number 10949: 10943: 10940: 10939: 10929: 10928: 10925: 10924: 10921: 10920: 10918: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10901: 10899: 10897: 10896: 10893: 10889: 10886: 10885: 10883: 10882: 10877: 10876: 10875: 10864: 10862: 10858: 10857: 10855: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10838: 10836: 10832: 10831: 10829: 10828: 10827: 10826: 10816: 10810: 10808: 10804: 10803: 10801: 10800: 10795: 10789: 10787: 10783: 10782: 10780: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10758: 10756: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10748: 10737: 10726: 10715: 10704: 10693: 10682: 10671: 10659: 10657: 10653: 10652: 10650: 10649: 10647:Large aircraft 10644: 10643: 10642: 10635:Light aircraft 10632: 10626: 10624: 10622: 10621: 10618: 10614: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10591: 10589: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10544:Rocket-powered 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10511: 10505: 10503: 10495: 10494: 10480: 10479: 10476:Civil aircraft 10467: 10466: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10459: 10450: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10260: 10257: 10256: 10246: 10245: 10238: 10237: 10230: 10223: 10215: 10209: 10208: 10190: 10189:External links 10187: 10186: 10185: 10171: 10160:Science direct 10148: 10135: 10116: 10113: 10112: 10111: 10106: 10093: 10070: 10061: 10058: 10055: 10054: 10024: 9994: 9964: 9934: 9903: 9868: 9838: 9785: 9744: 9718: 9692: 9685: 9648: 9623: 9597: 9566: 9535: 9504: 9474: 9447: 9422: 9391: 9361: 9328: 9297: 9259: 9228: 9201: 9186: 9167: 9147: 9134: 9104: 9074: 9044: 8999: 8962: 8913: 8864: 8817: 8776: 8735: 8674: 8627:(6): 693–712. 8607: 8588:(2): 357–363. 8572: 8541:(1): 132–146. 8521: 8454: 8405: 8379: 8353: 8327: 8297: 8270: 8239: 8207: 8175: 8145: 8113: 8072: 8050: 8020: 7981: 7955: 7925: 7895: 7876: 7846: 7813: 7770: 7752: 7721: 7702: 7683: 7661: 7642: 7639:. 29 May 2018. 7624: 7594: 7558: 7529: 7494: 7464: 7433: 7404: 7391:(1): 385–400. 7371: 7317: 7278:(1): 320–328. 7258: 7227: 7196: 7166: 7129: 7098: 7069: 7032: 7013: 6991: 6973: 6947: 6916: 6898: 6887:on 22 May 2016 6872: 6854: 6828: 6802: 6771: 6754:www.gizmag.com 6741: 6711: 6681: 6651: 6630:(3): 250–256. 6610: 6579: 6549: 6519: 6480: 6457: 6427: 6420: 6384: 6354: 6326: 6296: 6259: 6232: 6202: 6145: 6100:Remote Sensing 6085: 6055: 6014: 5942: 5916: 5891: 5816: 5784: 5717: 5650: 5628: 5609: 5584: 5558: 5531: 5499: 5481:. Al Jazeera. 5469: 5437: 5406: 5397: 5388: 5373: 5339: 5308: 5276: 5241: 5222:(6): 769–792. 5202: 5195: 5177: 5144: 5111: 5085: 5059: 5057:, p. 208. 5044: 5032: 5030:, p. 202. 5020: 5013: 4995: 4972: 4949: 4932: 4912: 4900: 4888: 4886:, p. xii. 4876: 4864: 4852: 4845: 4819: 4797: 4777: 4750: 4713: 4704: 4686: 4679: 4657: 4640: 4622: 4598: 4537: 4530: 4504: 4485: 4465: 4446: 4426: 4414: 4407: 4381: 4362: 4342: 4323: 4310: 4285: 4258: 4218: 4161: 4136: 4087: 4056: 4021: 3990: 3965: 3933: 3900: 3870: 3844: 3827:www.sesarju.eu 3814: 3790: 3759: 3729: 3703: 3673: 3656: 3624: 3591: 3558: 3521: 3480: 3418: 3391: 3369: 3353: 3340: 3306: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3257: 3245: 3233: 3221: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3117:Drone in a Box 3114: 3112:Delivery drone 3109: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3089: 3086: 3072: 3069: 3027:Main article: 3024: 3021: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2941: 2938: 2920:Drones caused 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2877: 2874: 2867:Delivery drone 2862: 2859: 2840:Main article: 2837: 2834: 2804:Main article: 2801: 2798: 2772: 2769: 2761:photogrammetry 2757: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2740: 2731: 2728: 2716: 2713: 2690: 2687: 2652:Autel Robotics 2623: 2620: 2593:reconnaissance 2581:flapping-wing 2564:miniature UAVs 2461: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2445:thermal energy 2402: 2399: 2365: 2346:Main article: 2343: 2340: 2309: 2306: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2286:9–23 July 2010 2284: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2265:Solar Electric 2263:QinetiQ Zephyr 2259: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2239:September 2007 2237: 2234: 2233:Solar Electric 2231:QinetiQ Zephyr 2227: 2226: 2221: 2220:11 August 2003 2218: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2160: 2129:weather drones 2073: 2070: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1949: 1946: 1927:Main article: 1924: 1921: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1898: 1848: 1847:Communications 1845: 1844: 1843: 1836:PID controller 1829: 1810: 1807: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1778:Time-critical 1776: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1764:Time-critical 1762: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1690: 1689: 1670: 1668: 1661: 1655: 1652: 1623: 1620: 1612:hyper-spectral 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1541: 1538: 1525:Flapping-wing 1522: 1519: 1479: 1476: 1427: 1424: 1379: 1376: 1341:missions. The 1257:European Union 1238:, such as the 1206:was the first 1195: 1192: 1162:-batteries in 1156:Yom Kippur War 1110:Yom Kippur War 1102:reconnaissance 1075:Ryan Model 147 1052:U.S. Air Force 1038:offered their 1016: 1015:Postwar period 1013: 976: 973: 962:Reginald Denny 958:model-airplane 951:aerial torpedo 913:Zeebrugge Raid 854:naval aviation 837: 834: 775:Main article: 772: 769: 768: 767: 760: 753: 749:Solar-powered: 746: 739: 732: 720: 717: 708: 705: 704: 703: 700: 697: 694: 691: 685: 679: 676: 673: 670: 658: 655: 633: 630: 624: 623: 622:≥ 150 kg 620: 617: 614: 611: 608: 601: 600: 597: 594: 588: 582: 579: 569: 566: 563: 562: 559: 556: 553: 550: 543: 542: 539: 536: 533: 530: 520: 517: 514: 513: 512:> 36 or 48 510: 509:12 – 36 or 48 507: 504: 501: 498: 495:Endurance (hr) 491: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 468: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 452: 442: 439: 433: 432: 429: 426: 421: 416: 411: 407: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 377: 376: 375:(600 kg) 371: 370:(600 kg) 366: 363: 360: 359:(9.1 kg) 355: 351: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 335: 331: 330: 327: 324: 321: 318: 315: 297: 294: 160: 157: 111:are also used. 43:Elbit Systems 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12441: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12381: 12379: 12377: 12373: 12370: 12366: 12356: 12353: 12352: 12350: 12348: 12344: 12341: 12337: 12327: 12324: 12323: 12321: 12319: 12315: 12312: 12308: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12289: 12287: 12285: 12281: 12275: 12272: 12271: 12269: 12267: 12263: 12260: 12256: 12246: 12243: 12242: 12240: 12238: 12234: 12231: 12227: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12208: 12206: 12204: 12200: 12194: 12191: 12190: 12188: 12186: 12182: 12178: 12174: 12172: 12168: 12165: 12161: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12142: 12140: 12138: 12134: 12128: 12125: 12124: 12122: 12120: 12116: 12113: 12109: 12099: 12096: 12095: 12093: 12091: 12087: 12081: 12078: 12077: 12075: 12073: 12069: 12066: 12062: 12052: 12049: 12048: 12046: 12044: 12040: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12025: 12023: 12021: 12017: 12014: 12010: 12000: 11997: 11996: 11994: 11992: 11988: 11985: 11981: 11971: 11968: 11967: 11965: 11963: 11959: 11953: 11950: 11949: 11947: 11945: 11941: 11938: 11934: 11924: 11921: 11920: 11918: 11916: 11912: 11906: 11903: 11902: 11900: 11898: 11894: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11875: 11871: 11868: 11862: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11843: 11841: 11839: 11835: 11829: 11826: 11825: 11823: 11821: 11817: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11787: 11785: 11783: 11779: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11759: 11757: 11755: 11751: 11748: 11744: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11710: 11708: 11706: 11702: 11696: 11693: 11692: 11690: 11688: 11684: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11669: 11667: 11665: 11661: 11658: 11654: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11610: 11608: 11604: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11554: 11552: 11550: 11546: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11531: 11529: 11527: 11523: 11517: 11514: 11513: 11511: 11509: 11505: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11490: 11488: 11486: 11482: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11394: 11391: 11385: 11381: 11376: 11372: 11365: 11360: 11358: 11353: 11351: 11346: 11345: 11342: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11298: 11296: 11292: 11282: 11281:United States 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11063: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11051: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11024:Carrier-based 11022: 11018: 11015: 11014: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10993: 10989: 10985: 10980: 10976: 10958: 10957:Most-produced 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10944: 10941: 10934: 10930: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10905:Business jets 10903: 10902: 10900: 10894: 10891: 10890: 10887: 10881: 10878: 10874: 10871: 10870: 10869: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10861:Rotor-powered 10859: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10833: 10825: 10822: 10821: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10805: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10793:Jet airliners 10791: 10790: 10788: 10784: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10759: 10757: 10755:Engine number 10753: 10747: 10738: 10736: 10727: 10725: 10716: 10714: 10705: 10703: 10694: 10692: 10683: 10681: 10672: 10670: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10654: 10648: 10645: 10641: 10638: 10637: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10619: 10616: 10615: 10612: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10586: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10534:Human-powered 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10506: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10489: 10485: 10481: 10477: 10472: 10468: 10458: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10261: 10258: 10251: 10247: 10243: 10236: 10231: 10229: 10224: 10222: 10217: 10216: 10213: 10207: 10203: 10199: 10196: 10193: 10192: 10184: 10183:9781771131544 10180: 10176: 10172: 10165: 10161: 10154: 10149: 10146: 10142: 10141: 10136: 10132: 10128: 10125:(39): 18–27. 10124: 10119: 10118: 10109: 10103: 10099: 10094: 10087: 10083: 10076: 10071: 10068: 10064: 10063: 10042: 10038: 10034: 10028: 10012: 10008: 10004: 9998: 9982: 9978: 9974: 9968: 9952: 9948: 9944: 9938: 9922: 9918: 9914: 9907: 9888: 9881: 9880: 9872: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9842: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9789: 9781: 9775: 9759: 9755: 9748: 9732: 9728: 9722: 9706: 9702: 9696: 9688: 9682: 9678: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9660: 9652: 9643: 9638: 9634: 9627: 9611: 9607: 9601: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9570: 9554: 9550: 9546: 9539: 9523: 9519: 9515: 9508: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9478: 9462: 9458: 9451: 9443: 9439: 9434: 9426: 9410: 9406: 9402: 9395: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9365: 9349: 9345: 9344: 9339: 9332: 9316: 9312: 9308: 9301: 9285: 9281: 9277: 9273: 9272:The Economist 9269: 9263: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9232: 9216: 9212: 9205: 9197: 9190: 9174: 9170: 9168:9781508145028 9164: 9160: 9159: 9158:Police Drones 9151: 9144: 9138: 9122: 9118: 9114: 9108: 9092: 9088: 9087:Drone Addicts 9084: 9078: 9062: 9058: 9054: 9048: 9040: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9014: 9010: 9003: 8995: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8977: 8973: 8966: 8958: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8917: 8909: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8891: 8887: 8884:(1): 012009. 8883: 8879: 8875: 8868: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8821: 8813: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8795: 8791: 8787: 8780: 8772: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8754: 8750: 8746: 8739: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8710: 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K. 4953: 4946: 4935: 4933:9781782004318 4929: 4925: 4924: 4916: 4909: 4904: 4898:, p. 79. 4897: 4892: 4885: 4880: 4873: 4868: 4862:, p. xi. 4861: 4856: 4848: 4846:9780262029223 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4823: 4816: 4804: 4800: 4798:9781557507709 4794: 4790: 4789: 4781: 4765: 4761: 4754: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4717: 4708: 4701: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4682: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4661: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4619: 4618:0-471-71814-9 4615: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4548: 4541: 4533: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4508: 4492: 4488: 4482: 4478: 4477: 4469: 4453: 4449: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4430: 4423: 4418: 4410: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4394: 4385: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4355: 4354: 4346: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4327: 4320: 4314: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4262: 4254: 4248: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4175:Energy and AI 4172: 4165: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4132: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4091: 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Meyer 1142: 1139:, Commander, 1138: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1083:Lockheed D-21 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1029:Teledyne Ryan 1026: 1022: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1005:Fascist Italy 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 972: 970: 965: 963: 959: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 931:Kettering Bug 928: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 893: 891: 887: 883: 882: 877: 872: 870: 866: 865: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 830: 825: 817: 810: 806: 801: 795:, 6 June 1941 794: 791: 787: 783: 778: 764: 761: 757: 754: 752:applications. 750: 747: 745:requirements. 743: 740: 736: 733: 729: 726: 725: 724: 719:Power Sources 716: 714: 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 667: 666: 664: 663:ParcAberporth 654: 652: 648: 644: 640: 629: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 603: 602: 598: 595: 592: 591:Miniature UAV 589: 586: 583: 580: 577: 576: 573: 560: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 544: 540: 537: 534: 531: 528: 527: 524: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 492: 488: 485: 482: 479: 476: 473: 470: 469: 465: 462: 459: 456: 453: 450: 449: 446: 438: 430: 427: 422: 417: 412: 409: 408: 402: 397: 392: 387: 385:(370 m) 382: 379: 378: 372: 367: 364: 361: 356: 353: 352: 348: 345: 342: 339: 336: 333: 332: 328: 325: 322: 319: 316: 313: 312: 309: 307: 303: 293: 291: 287: 286: 281: 277: 276: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 242: 240: 236: 235: 229: 225: 221: 216: 212: 208: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 164: 156: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 110: 106: 102: 97: 90: 85: 79: 75: 72: 69: 64: 57: 53: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 12389:HESA Shafaq 12283: 12202: 12171:Experimental 12136: 12089: 12042: 11944:Experimental 11914: 11874:Experimental 11846:Mikoyan Skat 11837: 11800:Sukhoi Su-57 11790:Mikoyan LMFS 11767:Sukhoi Su-47 11754:Experimental 11713:Hongdu GJ-11 11704: 11672:Chengdu J-20 11548: 11397:Experimental 11316:World War II 11241:South Africa 10847:Experimental 10824:regional jet 10656:Manufacturer 10524:Flying wings 10456: 10205: 10174: 10164:the original 10159: 10144: 10138: 10122: 10097: 10086:the original 10081: 10066: 10065:Axe, David. 10060:Bibliography 10045:. 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The USAF 1096:During the 1087:Vietnam War 1048:Vietnam War 960:enthusiast 731:operations. 599:Large UAVs 541:Large UAVs 500:0.5 – 0.75 159:Terminology 12408:Categories 12297:TAI Anka-3 11086:Bangladesh 10915:Flying car 10880:Tiltrotors 10868:Rotorcraft 10702:Bombardier 10559:Supersonic 9861:28 January 9808:2103.09184 9737:21 January 9668:2104.06219 9642:2103.13933 9559:6 December 9528:6 December 9497:19 January 9280:2171135630 9221:16 October 8927:Landslides 8831:Landslides 8755:(3): 212. 8728:12 January 8667:12 January 8565:12 January 8514:12 January 8158:YouUAV.com 8063:Jane's 360 8043:1 December 8013:4 February 7948:13 October 7938:News Ledge 7735:News Ledge 7364:3 November 7310:13 October 7159:4 February 7122:4 February 7062:4 February 6764:4 February 6734:4 February 6674:6 November 6603:4 February 6542:4 February 6512:3 February 6403:2309.00843 6289:4 February 6106:(4): 641. 6078:4 February 6007:26 October 5551:11 January 5301:9 December 5269:9 December 5170:13 January 4984:25 October 4939:25 October 4835:. p. 4458:26 October 4181:: 100175. 4107:: 103377. 3893:16 January 3863:1 February 3837:3 February 3722:12 October 3611:(3): 604. 3578:(3): 264. 3545:(5): 655. 3473:12 January 3411:11 January 3401:1329422815 3262:References 3157:Quadcopter 3122:Glide bomb 3023:Regulation 2960:Aggression 2934:North Fire 2880:See also: 2865:See also: 2781:landslides 2777:geohazards 2719:See also: 2693:See also: 2413:journalism 2409:filmmaking 2401:Commercial 2376:archeology 2368:Recreation 2302:near-space 1992:aerobatics 1861:narrowband 1644:propellers 1560:(SOC) and 1550:multirotor 1478:Propulsion 1472:Multirotor 1468:quadcopter 1433:Air safety 1411:quadcopter 1372:GlobalData 1281:quadcopter 1063:classified 1040:Model 1001 1036:Beechcraft 1001:jet engine 649:, such as 578:Category: 561:> 10 m 529:Category: 472:Range (km) 451:Category: 431:Any speed 428:Any speed 182:and 1930s 105:rotorcraft 74:quadcopter 47:taking off 45:Hermes-450 12310:Indonesia 11695:Xian H-20 11251:Sri Lanka 11161:Indonesia 11081:Australia 11076:Argentina 10892:Executive 10772:Trimotors 10605:Wide-body 10569:Triplanes 10564:Trimotors 10509:Aerobatic 10131:2051-1930 9833:232240581 9825:0957-4174 9764:5 January 9590:6 January 9467:22 August 9415:22 August 9311:jpost.com 9252:3 October 9039:1682-1750 8994:1674-7755 8957:1612-510X 8908:1755-1307 8859:1612-5118 8812:2504-446X 8796:(1): 30. 8771:2504-446X 8718:1607-7938 8657:254938502 8649:1385-2256 8602:265016887 8504:254281346 8496:0960-3115 8398:26 August 8372:10 August 8346:10 August 8253:East Mojo 8127:Bloomberg 8096:1091-2339 8003:0190-8286 7974:28 August 7890:Consortiq 7796:0362-4331 7354:202676119 7300:237865267 7292:0019-1019 7210:DRONELIFE 6966:27 August 6940:8 January 6891:8 January 6847:8 January 6502:0190-8286 6450:8 October 6377:8 October 6252:8 October 6242:209695691 6179:2215-0161 6140:2072-4292 5930:Embention 5849:CiteSeerX 5761:1932-6203 5694:1932-6203 5332:8 January 5236:154927243 5137:8 January 5104:8 January 5078:8 January 4833:MIT Press 4730:U.S. Army 4671:MIT Press 4578:0081-0207 4497:19 August 4374:19 August 4232:Green.org 4213:2666-5468 4131:0968-090X 3752:8 January 3669:queen bee 3516:2504-446X 3463:1866-3516 3267:Citations 3084:society. 3059:Remote ID 3017:Iron Dome 2930:Lake Fire 2827:backfires 2785:landslide 2695:Drone art 2631:Zipline's 2579:micro UAV 2421:surveying 2396:terrorism 2072:Endurance 1917:Remote ID 1872:broadband 1865:telemetry 1826:Open loop 1761:Firmware 1700:real-time 1698:UAVs are 1628:actuators 1622:Actuators 1531:microUAVs 1420:Autopilot 1344:Ingenuity 1327:Ingenuity 1204:STM Kargu 1176:IAI Scout 1044:U.S. Navy 1032:Firebee I 901:A. 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