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However, the
Copyright Act of 1976 made registration largely optional for copyright ownership. Under the 1976 Act, federal copyright requires only a fixation of an original work of authorship in a tangible medium of expression. Renewal is not compulsory, and a copyright owner can register at any time. The 1976 Act makes registration (or refusal of registration) a requisite for an infringement action.
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services did not see a fee increase. In May 2014, the Office had reduced some renewal application and addendum fees in an effort to "encourage the filing of more renewal claims" and thereby help improve public records about copyright ownership. In 2020, the fees for a renewal application were increased while the addendum fee remains the same.
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ruled that the
Copyright Office could no longer demand copies of published works under section 407 of the Copyright Act of 1976, which previously allowed the Office to demand 2 copies of any work published in the United States. It deemed this section unconstitutional under the "takings clause" of the
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The
Copyright Office records the bibliographic descriptions and the copyright facts of all works registered. The archives maintained by the Copyright Office are an important record of America's cultural and historical heritage. Containing nearly 45 million individual cards, the Copyright Card Catalog
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The
Copyright Office examines all applications and deposits presented for registration of new and original and renewal of old copyright claims to determine their acceptability for registration under the provisions of the copyright law. The Office also records documents related to copyright ownership.
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national library of the United States. This repository of more than 162 million books, photographs, maps, films, documents, sound recordings, computer programs, and other items has grown largely through the operations of the copyright system, which brings deposits of every copyrighted work into the
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On
October 19, 1976, President Gerald R. Ford signed into law the Copyright Act of 1976, which became effective on January 1, 1978. This law lengthened duration copyright protection and again expanded the types of works that covered under federal copyright protection, and with amendments made since
364:
The
Copyright Office promotes improved copyright protection for U.S. creative works abroad through its International Copyright Institute. Created within the Copyright Office by Congress in 1988, the International Copyright Institute provides training for high-level officials from developing and
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In 1870, Congress passed a law that centralized the copyright system in the
Library of Congress. This law required all owners of copyrights of publicly distributed works to deposit in the Library two copies of every such work registered in the United States, whether it is a book, pamphlet, map,
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The
Copyright Office provides public information and reference services concerning copyrights and recorded documents. The public can keep up on the developments in the Copyright Office by subscribing to the U.S. Copyright Office NewsNet, a free electronic mailing list that issues periodic email
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A new fee schedule for
Copyright Office services was made effective from March 20, 2020 onwards. Before that, the Copyright office's fees were last updated in 2014. The revised fees increased only for certain registration and recording services, along with some associated services, while other
288:
As a service unit of the
Library of Congress, the Copyright Office is part of the legislative branch of the government, and provides copyright policy advice to the Congress. At the request of the Congress, the Copyright Office advises and assists the Congress in the development of national and
271:
The mission of the Copyright Office is to promote creativity by administering and sustaining an effective national copyright system. While the purpose of the copyright system has always been to promote creativity in the society, the functions of the Copyright Office have grown to include the
353:. This did not affect the Office's ability to collect deposit material through other sections of the copyright law, namely through the deposit requirement associated with copyright registration or through voluntary submission of copies through the Office.
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government body that registers copyright claims, records information about copyright ownership, provides information to the public, and assists Congress and other parts of the government on a wide range of copyright issues. It maintains online records of
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situated in the James Madison Memorial Building is an index to all the copyright registrations in the United States starting from 1870 up to 1977. Records after 1977 are maintained through an online database containing more than 16 million entries.
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of the Library of Congress, at 101 Independence Avenue SE, in Washington, DC. While open to the general public, appointments must be made to visit the Public Information Office and Copyright Public Records Reading Room.
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237:. Between 1870 and 1897, the Librarian of Congress also served as the head of the Copyright Office. The Copyright Office became a separate department of the Library of Congress on February 19, 1897, and
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The Copyright Office consults with interested copyright owners, industry and library representatives, bar associations, and other interested parties on issues related to the copyright law.
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alerts to subscribers regarding hearings, deadlines for comments, new and proposed regulations, new publications, and other copyright-related subjects of interest.
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This 2019 video from the Copyright Office explains the value of a public domain and why copyright matters. Public outreach is part of the mandate of the agency.
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The 1909 Copyright Act was signed into law by President Theodore Roosevelt on March 4, 1909, which expanded protection to additional types of works.
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print, or piece of music. Supplying the information needs of the Congress, the Library of Congress has become the world's largest library and the
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provides for establishing a system of extensive copyright laws in the United States. The first federal copyright law, the
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218:, was enacted on May 31, 1790, and covered only books, maps, and charts. Claims were originally recorded by Clerks of
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international copyright policy; drafts legislation; and prepares technical studies on copyright-related matters.
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In 1870, copyright functions were centralized in the Library of Congress under the direction of the then
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and in the 1970s it moved again, to its present quarters in the James Madison Memorial Building.
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and encourages development of effective intellectual property laws and enforcement overseas.
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manual documents the Copyright Office's practices in its administration of copyright law.
222:. On June 9, 1790, the U.S. District Court of Pennsylvania registered the first work, the
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The website has information about new copyright relevant legislation and a list of
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WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act
745:
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46:
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Copyright status of works by subnational governments of the United States
2114:
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1973:
1928:
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3256:
Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States
702:"Valancourt Books, LLC v. Merrick Garland, No. 21-5203 (D.C. Cir. 2023)"
421:
392:
copyright royalty arbitrators (now being phased out and replaced by the
2337:
1943:
142:
2912:
First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln
2330:
1781:
777:
773:
346:
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
622:
576:"17 U.S. Code § 411 - Registration and civil infringement actions"
500:". United States Copyright Office. Retrieved on September 8, 2023.
461:". United States Copyright Office. Retrieved on September 8, 2023.
251:
In the 1930s, the Copyright Office moved from its location in the
1851:
746:
United States Copyright Office, A Brief Introduction and History
525:
United States Copyright Office: A Brief Introduction and History
2717:
2312:
458:
305:
623:
Jacobson, Julia; McDermott Will & Emery (April 29, 2014).
2891:
Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States
751:
Early Copyright Records Collection at the Library of Congress
724:
1963:
194:
is the 14th and current Register, since October 26, 2020.
1684:
Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media
565:", U.S. Copyright Office. Retrieved on September 8, 2023.
513:". U.S. Copyright Office. Retrieved on September 8, 2023.
3999:
Elektra Records Co. v. Gem Electronic Distributors, Inc.
331:
Acquiring Mandatory Deposits for the Library of Congress
131:
478:. No. 857. U.S. Copyright Office. October 26, 2020
3788:
Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.
3449:
Unlocking Consumer Choice and Wireless Competition Act
3409:
Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act
3195:
382:
Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act
3812:
Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc.
3740:
Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc.
3577:
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
3820:
Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp.
2814:
List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex
403:
3804:Dr. Seuss Enters., L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc.
2360:
275:
4131:
3884:Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd.
2933:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door
2500:Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations
765:Works by or about United States Copyright Office
3748:Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp.
3649:American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.
4007:Broderbund Software Inc. v. Unison World, Inc.
3844:Veeck v. Southern Building Code Congress Int'l
3561:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
263:then, is the current copyright law in effect.
3224:Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices
3181:
804:
472:"U.S. Copyright Office Welcomes New Register"
295:Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices
306:Providing Information Services to the Public
3924:Penguin Group (USA) Inc. v. American Buddha
3569:Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States
3341:Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988
2961:Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way
3940:Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.
3796:American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc.
3188:
3174:
818:
811:
797:
729:
453:
451:
3908:Cartoon Network, LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc.
464:
3641:Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3147:United States Capitol cornerstone laying
653:"Federal Register Copyright Office Fees"
309:
141:
19:For the laws that this administers, see
4165:Government agencies established in 1897
3529:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
3398:Fairness in Music Licensing Act of 1998
1914:Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)
874:
774:Works by United States Copyright Office
756:Works by United States Copyright Office
448:
197:The Copyright Office is located in the
81:Federal government of the United States
4145:Agencies of the United States Congress
4132:
4063:Equals Three, LLC v. Jukin Media, Inc.
3836:A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.
3732:Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates
3716:Roth Greeting Cards v. United Card Co.
3625:Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Omega, S. A.
3432:Family Entertainment and Copyright Act
1391:Caucuses of the United States Congress
4031:RealNetworks, Inc. v. Streambox, Inc.
3169:
2359:
1682:
873:
792:
4047:Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC
4023:Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.
3900:Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
3673:Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.
16:Government body in the United States
4055:Capitol Records, LLC v. ReDigi Inc.
3956:Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.
3828:Nunez v. Caribbean Int'l News Corp.
3689:Andy Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith
3617:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
3299:International Copyright Act of 1891
1022:Expelled, censured, and reprimanded
522:U.S. Copyright Office Circular 1a,
386:Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel
255:to new quarters in what is now the
13:
4015:Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Frena
3860:In re Aimster Copyright Litigation
3772:Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd.
3681:Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.
3593:Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.
3363:Copyright Remedy Clarification Act
3197:Copyright law of the United States
586:from the original on Jan 17, 2024.
175:and recorded documents within the
21:Copyright law of the United States
14:
4176:
3916:Ahanchian v. Xenon Pictures, Inc.
3708:Berlin v. E.C. Publications, Inc.
2905:Progress of Civilization Pediment
2759:Congressional Pictorial Directory
1612:By length of service historically
716:
604:from the original on Aug 15, 2022
3665:Fourth Estate v. Wall-Street.com
3657:Star Athletica v. Varsity Brands
3403:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
2773:Official Congressional Directory
2392:Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)
781:
420:
406:
378:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
45:
36:
4105:Home Recording Rights Coalition
2582:Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper
1429:Arab and Middle Eastern members
1326:Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group
861:Lists of United States Congress
694:
669:
645:
616:
384:(OCILLA) and information about
276:Administering the Copyright Law
199:James Madison Memorial Building
148:James Madison Memorial Building
4140:United States Copyright Office
3218:United States Copyright Office
2684:Congressional Research Service
2431:Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)
1434:Asian Pacific American members
590:
568:
555:
530:
516:
503:
490:
367:newly industrialized countries
156:United States Copyright Office
31:United States Copyright Office
1:
3964:Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.
3932:Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc.
3868:NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Institute
3369:Copyright Renewal Act of 1992
2919:Surrender of General Burgoyne
2276:Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819)
1439:Asian Pacific American Caucus
1032:Lost re-election in a primary
441:
4071:Hachette v. Internet Archive
4039:Mannion v. Coors Brewing Co.
3392:Copyright Term Extension Act
3380:Uruguay Round Agreements Act
2926:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
2869:The Apotheosis of Washington
2603:Chief Administrative Officer
2441:Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)
266:
190:heads the Copyright Office.
7:
4160:United States copyright law
3553:Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus
3091:Health and Fitness Facility
2883:Declaration of Independence
1652:Killed or wounded in office
1473:Congressional Jewish Caucus
1446:Hispanic and Latino members
780:(public domain audiobooks)
399:
10:
4181:
3852:Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp.
2505:Interparliamentary Affairs
2426:Congr. Budget Office (CBO)
2062:Riddick's Senate Procedure
1489:Gender and sexual identity
224:Philadelphia Spelling Book
212:United States Constitution
205:
18:
4085:
3982:
3948:Seltzer v. Green Day, Inc
3699:
3494:
3485:
3464:
3441:
3424:
3357:Visual Artists Rights Act
3349:
3333:
3317:
3276:
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3111:Old Supreme Court Chamber
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2824:Congressional Prayer Room
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2271:Congress Hall (1790–1800)
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1617:Current members by wealth
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1042:Elected but did not serve
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600:. U.S. Copyright Office.
356:
253:Thomas Jefferson Building
150:, which houses the office
126:
116:
96:
86:
76:
58:
53:
44:
35:
4118:You Wouldn't Steal a Car
3374:Audio Home Recording Act
2404:Architect of the Capitol
2266:Federal Hall (1789–1790)
1407:African-American members
831:House of Representatives
344:On August 29, 2023, the
241:was appointed the first
25:Law of the United States
3455:Music Modernization Act
3386:No Electronic Theft Act
3249:Section 108 Study Group
2954:Washington at Princeton
2898:Apotheosis of Democracy
2318:Congressional Quarterly
2007:Executive communication
1997:Blue slip (U.S. Senate)
1954:Suspension of the rules
1480:Native American members
906:By shortness of service
625:"Copyright Office Fees"
394:Copyright Royalty Board
235:Ainsworth Rand Spofford
183:for copyrighted works.
64:; 154 years ago
4100:Don't Copy That Floppy
3855:(9th Cir. 2002 / 2003)
3601:Quality King v. L'anza
3244:Register of Copyrights
3121:Webster Page Residence
3096:House Recording Studio
2940:Revolutionary War Door
2701:Register of Copyrights
2282:Biographical Directory
1751:"Necessary and Proper"
1291:Policy Committee Chair
1269:Policy Committee Chair
820:United States Congress
323:
243:Register of Copyrights
188:Register of Copyrights
173:copyright registration
151:
108:Register of Copyrights
3876:BMG Music v. Gonzalez
3724:Eltra Corp. v. Ringer
3325:Copyright Act of 1976
3309:Copyright Act of 1909
3294:Copyright Act of 1870
3289:Copyright Act of 1831
3284:Copyright Act of 1790
2446:Technology Assessment
1867:Dear Colleague letter
1862:Continuing resolution
1857:Concurrent resolution
1336:Republican Conference
1276:Republican Conference
1237:President pro tempore
969:Born outside the U.S.
677:"General Information"
542:U.S. Copyright Office
511:Timeline 18th Century
321:
231:Librarian of Congress
216:Copyright Act of 1790
145:
3304:Printing Act of 1895
3010:Mountains and Clouds
2766:Congressional Record
2623:Floor Services Chief
2510:Law Revision Counsel
2261:Continental Congress
1756:Power of enforcement
1719:Contempt of Congress
1622:From multiple states
1575:Mormon (LDS) members
1383:Congressional caucus
1027:Served a single term
959:Expelled or censured
901:By length of service
563:Timeline 1950 - 2000
538:"Timeline 1900-1950"
414:United States portal
220:U.S. district courts
4155:Library of Congress
4111:Nimmer on Copyright
3994:(C.C.D. Mass. 1841)
3537:Banks v. Manchester
3034:Building Commission
2515:Legislative Counsel
2436:Library of Congress
2397:Comptroller General
2387:Congressional staff
2072:Senatorial courtesy
1461:Hispanic Conference
876:Members and leaders
681:Library of Congress
657:federalregister.gov
631:National Law Review
498:Visitor Information
257:John Adams Building
164:Library of Congress
121:Library of Congress
32:
4150:Copyright agencies
3609:Eldred v. Ashcroft
3545:Callaghan v. Myers
3106:Old Senate Chamber
2972:VP Bust Collection
2796:United States Code
2728:Jefferson Building
2421:Cap. Guide Service
2288:Divided government
2205:Seal of the Senate
2169:Select and special
2134:Discharge petition
2087:Tie-breaking votes
2052:Recess appointment
1992:Advice and consent
1872:Discharge petition
1815:Appropriation bill
1724:Declaration of war
916:Non-voting members
324:
245:on July 22, 1897.
152:
30:
4127:
4126:
4081:
4080:
4034:(W.D. Wash. 2000)
3505:Wheaton v. Peters
3481:
3480:
3239:Copyright Catalog
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3072:
3071:
2876:Statue of Freedom
2840:Statue of Freedom
2819:Brumidi Corridors
2791:Statutes at Large
2745:Publishing Office
2668:
2667:
2528:
2527:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2301:
2300:
2249:election disputes
2237:speaker elections
2200:Mace of the House
2047:Presiding Officer
2012:Executive session
1959:Unanimous consent
1919:Multiple referral
1904:Lame-duck session
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1600:
1599:
1400:Ethnic and racial
1344:
1343:
1331:Democratic Caucus
1254:Democratic Caucus
1206:
1205:
760:Project Gutenberg
436:Copyright Catalog
388:(CARP) system of
374:designated agents
319:
177:copyright catalog
162:), a part of the
140:
139:
62:July 8, 1870
4172:
4090:Berne Convention
4066:(C.D. Cal. 2015)
4018:(M.D. Fla. 1993)
4010:(N.D. Cal. 1986)
3972:Naruto v. Slater
3764:Whelan v. Jaslow
3521:Trade-Mark Cases
3492:
3491:
3274:
3273:
3213:Copyright Clause
3190:
3183:
3176:
3167:
3166:
2989:
2988:
2806:Capitol Building
2780:U.S. Gov. Manual
2733:Madison Building
2696:Copyright Office
2660:Sergeant at Arms
2618:Floor Operations
2537:
2536:
2459:
2458:
2375:
2374:
2357:
2356:
2220:
2219:
2037:Morning business
1924:House procedures
1887:Joint resolution
1691:
1690:
1680:
1679:
1560:Buddhist members
1379:
1378:
1215:
1214:
1037:Switched parties
984:Switched parties
921:Unseated members
911:Youngest members
891:
890:
884:
883:
871:
870:
813:
806:
799:
790:
789:
785:
784:
769:Internet Archive
741:Federal Register
737:Copyright Office
733:
728:
727:
725:Official website
710:
709:
698:
692:
691:
689:
687:
673:
667:
666:
664:
663:
649:
643:
642:
640:
638:
620:
614:
613:
611:
609:
594:
588:
587:
572:
566:
559:
553:
552:
550:
548:
534:
528:
520:
514:
507:
501:
494:
488:
487:
485:
483:
468:
462:
455:
430:
425:
424:
416:
411:
410:
409:
320:
239:Thorvald Solberg
192:Shira Perlmutter
136:
133:
104:Shira Perlmutter
97:Agency executive
91:Washington, D.C.
72:
70:
65:
49:
40:
33:
29:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4077:
4074:(S.D.N.Y. 2023)
4058:(S.D.N.Y. 2013)
4050:(S.D.N.Y. 2010)
4042:(S.D.N.Y. 2005)
4026:(S.D.N.Y. 1999)
4002:(E.D.N.Y. 1973)
3991:Folsom v. Marsh
3978:
3975:(9th Cir. 2018)
3967:(9th Cir. 2015)
3951:(9th Cir. 2013)
3935:(9th Cir. 2012)
3919:(9th Cir. 2010)
3911:(2nd Cir. 2008)
3903:(9th Cir. 2006)
3895:(2nd Cir. 2006)
3892:Blanch v. Koons
3887:(2nd Cir. 2006)
3879:(7th Cir. 2005)
3863:(7th Cir. 2003)
3847:(5th Cir. 2002)
3839:(9th Cir. 2001)
3831:(1st Cir. 2000)
3823:(9th Cir. 2000)
3807:(9th Cir. 1997)
3799:(2nd Cir. 1995)
3783:(2nd Cir. 1992)
3780:Rogers v. Koons
3775:(5th Cir. 1988)
3759:(9th Cir. 1986)
3743:(7th Cir. 1983)
3735:(9th Cir. 1978)
3727:(4th Cir. 1978)
3719:(9th Cir. 1970)
3695:
3633:Golan v. Holder
3513:Baker v. Selden
3487:
3477:
3460:
3437:
3420:
3345:
3329:
3313:
3265:
3199:
3194:
3164:
3151:
3130:
3078:
3068:
3022:
2983:
2976:
2853:Hall of Columns
2800:
2744:
2737:
2675:
2664:
2645:Parliamentarian
2586:
2577:Parliamentarian
2524:
2483:
2450:
2379:
2369:
2362:Capitol Complex
2343:
2297:
2293:Party divisions
2209:
2183:
2101:
1985:Senate-specific
1980:
1835:Closed sessions
1803:Act of Congress
1791:
1765:
1761:Taxing/spending
1685:
1666:
1657:Party switchers
1626:Died in office
1596:
1548:
1532:
1501:Equality Caucus
1484:
1456:Hispanic Caucus
1395:
1370:
1340:
1297:
1202:
1046:
988:
925:
878:
865:
822:
817:
782:
723:
722:
719:
714:
713:
700:
699:
695:
685:
683:
675:
674:
670:
661:
659:
651:
650:
646:
636:
634:
621:
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591:
574:
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569:
560:
556:
546:
544:
536:
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531:
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470:
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456:
449:
444:
428:Politics portal
426:
419:
412:
407:
405:
402:
380:(DMCA) and the
359:
333:
310:
308:
278:
269:
226:by John Barry.
208:
130:
112:
68:
66:
63:
54:Agency overview
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4178:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3959:(2d Cir. 2015)
3952:
3944:
3943:(2d Cir. 2012)
3936:
3928:
3927:(2d Cir. 2011)
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3871:(2d Cir. 2004)
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3816:
3815:(2d Cir. 1998)
3808:
3800:
3792:
3791:(2d Cir. 1992)
3784:
3776:
3768:
3767:(3d Cir. 1986)
3760:
3756:Fisher v. Dees
3752:
3751:(3d Cir. 1983)
3744:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3711:(2d Cir. 1964)
3703:
3701:
3700:Appeals courts
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3585:Feist v. Rural
3581:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3500:
3498:
3489:
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3466:
3462:
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3395:
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3377:
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3337:
3335:
3331:
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3328:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3315:
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3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
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3251:
3246:
3241:
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3227:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3193:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3170:
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3156:
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3150:
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3144:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3101:Senate chamber
3098:
3093:
3088:
3086:Botanic Garden
3082:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3039:office lottery
3036:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2986:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2947:Columbus Doors
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2863:Visitor Center
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2753:Public Printer
2749:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2723:Adams Building
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2680:
2678:
2670:
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2526:
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2327:
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2315:
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2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2244:Senate history
2241:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2119:ranking member
2111:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2082:Standing Rules
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2057:Reconciliation
2054:
2049:
2044:
2042:Nuclear option
2039:
2034:
2031:Senate Journal
2027:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1969:Line-item veto
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1934:Reconciliation
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1900:
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1874:
1869:
1864:
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1832:
1827:
1825:Budget process
1822:
1817:
1812:
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1799:
1797:
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1789:
1784:
1779:
1773:
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1753:
1748:
1746:Naturalization
1743:
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1721:
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1608:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1585:Quaker members
1582:
1580:Muslim members
1577:
1572:
1570:Jewish members
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1531:
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1523:
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1513:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1468:Jewish members
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1366:Gerrymandering
1363:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
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1185:
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1125:
1120:
1115:
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1100:
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1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1054:
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1024:
1019:
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1007:
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987:
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879:
867:
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833:
827:
824:
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816:
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786:
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753:
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717:External links
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4135:
4119:
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4112:
4108:
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4103:
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4098:
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4095:Uruguay Round
4093:
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3499:
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3496:Supreme Court
3493:
3490:
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2164:List (Senate)
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1526:current House
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1521:Issues Caucus
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1361:Apportionment
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852:
849: ←
848:
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841:Joint session
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168:United States
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117:Parent agency
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3983:Lower courts
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3142:Capitol Hill
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2366:Capitol Hill
2336:
2329:
2322:
2281:
2159:List (House)
2154:List (Joint)
2124:Of the Whole
2030:
2023:
2022:Jefferson's
1909:Magic minute
1662:Slave owners
1645:2000–present
1591:Sikh members
1589:
1496:LGBT members
1422:Black Caucus
1198:118th (2023)
1193:117th (2021)
1188:116th (2019)
1183:115th (2017)
1178:114th (2015)
1173:113th (2013)
1168:112th (2011)
1163:111th (2009)
1158:110th (2007)
1153:109th (2005)
1148:108th (2003)
1143:107th (2001)
1138:106th (1999)
1133:105th (1997)
1128:104th (1995)
1123:103rd (1993)
1118:102nd (1991)
1113:101st (1989)
1108:100th (1987)
705:
696:
684:. Retrieved
680:
671:
660:. Retrieved
656:
647:
635:. Retrieved
628:
618:
606:. Retrieved
592:
579:
570:
557:
547:September 8,
545:. Retrieved
541:
532:
524:
518:
505:
492:
480:. Retrieved
475:
466:
389:
371:
363:
360:
351:Constitution
343:
337:
334:
325:
300:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
270:
261:
250:
247:
228:
223:
209:
196:
185:
159:
155:
153:
87:Headquarters
77:Jurisdiction
3488:and rulings
3116:Power Plant
2708:Law Library
2409:Cap. Police
2378:Legislative
2067:Senate hold
1974:Pocket veto
1949:Sponsorship
1929:Quorum call
1729:Impeachment
1103:99th (1985)
1098:98th (1983)
1093:97th (1981)
1088:96th (1979)
1083:95th (1977)
1078:94th (1975)
1073:93rd (1973)
1068:92nd (1971)
1063:91st (1969)
1058:90th (1967)
1051:New members
482:October 26,
272:following:
4134:Categories
3486:Precedents
3079:facilities
2786:Serial Set
2674:Library of
2650:Postmaster
2613:Doorkeeper
2474:Historical
2129:Conference
2107:Committees
2092:Traditions
2017:Filibuster
1770:Privileges
1544:Physicians
1537:Occupation
1286:Vice-Chair
887:Membership
706:Justia Law
686:2 December
662:2022-07-27
442:References
376:under the
69:1870-07-08
3208:17 U.S.C.
3054:Longworth
2984:buildings
2967:VP's Room
2628:Historian
2567:Librarian
2562:Historian
2547:Secretary
2533:Employees
2338:Roll Call
2149:Oversight
2077:Seniority
1944:Saxbe fix
1882:Expulsion
1796:Procedure
1734:Inquiries
1714:(Dormant)
1706:Copyright
1701:Article I
1640:1950–1999
1635:1900–1949
1630:1790–1899
1349:Districts
1264:Secretary
1225:President
1005:seniority
979:Appointed
942:seniority
341:Library.
267:Functions
132:copyright
3472:CASE Act
3277:Pre-1976
3270:Statutes
2885:painting
2676:Congress
2598:Chaplain
2552:Chaplain
2331:Politico
2324:The Hill
2174:Standing
2139:Hearings
2115:Chairman
1787:Immunity
1782:Franking
1777:Salaries
1711:Commerce
1553:Religion
974:Resigned
778:LibriVox
602:Archived
584:Archived
459:Overview
400:See also
338:de facto
3405:(1998)
3135:Related
3064:Rayburn
3059:O'Neill
3018:Russell
2999:Dirksen
2848:Rotunda
2689:reports
2557:Curator
2520:Library
2479:Library
2469:Curator
2455:Offices
2380:offices
2254:memoirs
2232:memoirs
2215:History
2002:Classes
1852:Cloture
1830:Censure
1605:Related
1321:Leaders
1309:Speaker
1249:Leaders
1211:Leaders
1000:Members
964:Classes
937:Members
894:Members
767:at the
739:in the
637:May 18,
608:27 July
476:NewsNet
206:History
166:, is a
127:Website
67: (
3692:(2023)
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3660:(2017)
3652:(2014)
3644:(2013)
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3628:(2010)
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3596:(1994)
3588:(1991)
3580:(1984)
3572:(1975)
3564:(1908)
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3548:(1888)
3540:(1888)
3532:(1884)
3524:(1879)
3516:(1879)
3508:(1834)
3474:(2020)
3457:(2018)
3451:(2014)
3434:(2005)
3394:(1998)
3388:(1994)
3382:(1994)
3376:(1992)
3365:(1990)
3359:(1990)
3126:Subway
3044:Cannon
2992:Senate
2982:Office
2718:THOMAS
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2313:C-SPAN
2195:Gavels
2144:Markup
2024:Manual
1845:Senate
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1507:Women
1412:Senate
1375:Groups
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1017:Former
954:Former
930:Senate
836:Senate
598:"Fees"
390:ad hoc
357:Duties
59:Formed
3465:2020s
3442:2010s
3425:2000s
3350:1990s
3334:1980s
3318:1970s
3077:Other
3027:House
2829:Crypt
2638:Board
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2608:Clerk
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2306:Media
2188:Items
1939:Rider
1840:House
1739:Trial
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1281:Chair
1259:Chair
993:House
855:119th
851:118th
847:117th
3230:CARP
3049:Ford
3004:Hart
2834:Dome
2743:Gov.
2117:and
1964:Veto
1897:list
1820:Bill
1808:list
1451:list
1356:List
1314:list
1242:list
1230:list
1012:Dean
949:Dean
688:2016
639:2014
629:The
610:2022
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