108:
refused to sign the agreement and threatened to withdraw the
Teamsters from the AFL if forced to adhere to it. Three months after the pact was signed, the Teamsters agreed to submit to the terms of the no-raid agreement. Shortly thereafter, the AFL adopted Article 20 of its constitution, which
103:
union was such a serious issue that it prompted the trade union centers AFL, and CIO, who had attempted to sign a no-raid agreement for years, to finally negotiate and implement such a pact in
December 1953. Initially Teamsters president
30:
Union raids have been criticized by the labor movement because they promote rivalry between unions and direct resources away from organizing the non-unionized workforce in the United States and Canada, a majority of the total workforce.
75:; against the recently expelled left-wing union affiliates, accounting for almost half of all union raids in the year 1950. The majority of these raids were between the expelled
51:. A research study on Ontario, Canada's most populous province, found 1,046 multi-union raids elections between 1975 and 2003, with 181 raids attributed to the
131:
constitution has contained a clause inside
Article XX forbidding union raids among its affiliates with various remedies for resolving inter-union conflict.
619:
511:
687:
367:
655:
475:
547:
415:
391:
759:
723:
583:
439:
124:
a no-raid pact as a first step toward building a working relationship between the competing trade union centers, but the offer was rejected.
234:
47:
in the United States. In Canada, official data on scale and success of union raids is limited to the
Federal government and the province of
39:
Raids can be informal through campaigning and or soliciting an incumbent union's members or more direct by an outsider union calling for a
43:
in a bid to take over an incumbent union's membership. Between 1975 and 1989 over 1,414 multi-union raid elections were documented by the
1573:
843:
84:
1465:
23:
is when a challenger or outsider union tries to take over the membership base of an existing incumbent union, typically through a
100:
1669:
72:
320:
1674:
1435:
954:
160:
1548:
1366:
584:"Plan to Aid Peace in AFL Advances; Executive Council Approves Jurisdictional Machinery – 60 Unions to Act Today"
512:"Beck Hints Move to End AFL Tie; He Hits Petition of Railway Clerks for Vote on Status of Express Agency Drivers"
1664:
1618:
91:
were effectively voting on which faction of the split "United
Electric Workers" they wanted to affiliate with.
44:
836:
620:"Labor Unity Pacts Sealed by Unions; AFL, CIO Fix Effective Date of No-Raid Treaty – Arbitration Plan Signed"
656:"Unions Will Sign Non–Raiding PACT; AFL and CIO Groups to Take Amity Step Wednesday – Goodwill Held Pivotal"
724:"Union Raiding Ban Drafted by AFL; Federation Due to Approve Council's Plan, Which Beck Refuses to Support"
974:
914:
440:"TEAMSTERS GIRD FOR A. F. L. BATTLE; Beck's Union Will Challenge Jurisdiction Agreement and No-Raid Pact"
198:
688:"94 Unions Accept No-Raiding Pact; Leaders of AFL and CIO Call It a 'Cease-Fire' and Step Toward Merger"
1371:
1216:
861:
880:
548:"Beck Bars No Raiding Pact; Refusal of Teamsters to Enter Agreement May Be Prelude to Further Strife"
113:
76:
1553:
1415:
1389:
1356:
1005:
829:
1376:
1196:
1020:
964:
919:
1558:
1236:
780:
193:
1361:
1015:
476:"Teamsters Reject No-Raid Pact; CIO-AFL Unity Plan Set Back; Teamsters Spurn No-Raiding Pact"
52:
1025:
939:
929:
68:
8:
1623:
1477:
1460:
1081:
1040:
934:
803:
117:
1608:
1410:
1384:
1306:
1186:
1176:
1010:
345:
293:
215:
1533:
1528:
1316:
1241:
1150:
1066:
1030:
804:"Article XX of the AFL-CIO Constitution: Managing and Resolving Inter-Union Disputes"
731:
695:
663:
627:
591:
555:
519:
483:
447:
337:
285:
239:
219:
171:
In 1956 Teamsters was ejected by the newly merged AFL-CIO due to corruption scandals.
1538:
1513:
995:
781:"Choosing Competition: A Proposal to Modify Article XX of the AFL-CIO Constitution"
651:
411:
387:
329:
275:
207:
48:
1351:
1301:
1201:
1171:
909:
871:
56:
40:
1633:
1518:
1492:
1472:
1450:
1331:
1326:
1311:
1274:
1076:
904:
764:
420:
396:
372:
211:
80:
1658:
1603:
1568:
1563:
1482:
1440:
1261:
1231:
1191:
1071:
1061:
1035:
1000:
979:
735:
719:
699:
667:
631:
595:
559:
523:
487:
451:
341:
289:
1638:
1598:
1593:
1523:
1296:
1284:
1251:
1145:
1140:
1086:
924:
866:
755:
615:
579:
543:
507:
471:
435:
363:
1583:
1543:
1455:
1246:
1166:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1045:
969:
959:
944:
876:
128:
121:
88:
297:
1613:
1588:
1578:
1487:
1405:
1130:
949:
349:
315:
1445:
1291:
1226:
1211:
1206:
1120:
280:
263:
105:
333:
87:. It is debated whether they should be considered union raids. Many
1643:
1628:
1221:
248:
821:
1321:
1269:
1181:
235:"The Determinants of Incumbent Union Victory in Raid Elections"
71:
in 1947, a number of union raid elections were enacted by the
1279:
192:
Scott, Clyde; Arnold, Edwin; Odewahn, Charles (1992-12-01).
233:
Arnold, Edwin; Scott, Clyde; Rasp, John (April 1, 1992).
316:"The Extent and Trends of Raiding among American Unions"
16:
Trade unions taking over the membership of another union
109:
forbade its member unions from raiding one another.
191:
150:In 1955 the AFL and CIO merged to form the AFL–CIO
261:
1656:
262:Bartkiw, Timothy J.; Martinello, Felice (2005).
165:
232:
268:Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations
194:"Raid Elections: Another Problems for Unions?"
1260:
837:
62:
844:
830:
785:Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal
1574:International comparisons of labor unions
279:
264:"Union Raiding and Organizing in Ontario"
85:International Union of Electrical Workers
778:
313:
146:
144:
1657:
801:
754:
650:
614:
578:
542:
506:
470:
434:
410:
386:
362:
825:
718:
416:"Labor Still Seeks Union Raiding Ban"
94:
392:"AFL and CIO Sign No Raiding-Accord"
368:"AFL Drafts Plan for Ban on Raiding"
309:
307:
141:
851:
13:
321:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
153:
14:
1686:
760:"Teamsters Facing Meany Showdown"
304:
161:Communications Workers of America
159:Today the IUF is affiliated with
59:raids over the years 2001–2002.
27:in the United States and Canada.
1549:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1436:Labor spies in the United States
1367:Enterprise bargaining agreement
795:
772:
748:
712:
680:
644:
608:
572:
536:
500:
464:
428:
120:and the Teamsters, offered the
1619:Occupational safety and health
779:Petruska, Brian (2003-01-01).
404:
380:
356:
255:
226:
185:
99:Raiding by the AFL affiliated
1:
178:
1670:United States labor case law
7:
975:Duty of fair representation
915:National trade union center
199:Public Personnel Management
10:
1691:
1372:Global Framework Agreement
802:Vaughn, Lea (1990-01-01).
212:10.1177/009102609202100410
34:
1506:
1428:
1398:
1344:
1159:
1108:
1099:
1054:
988:
897:
890:
857:
114:Alliance for Labor Action
77:United Electrical Workers
63:United Electrical Workers
1675:Mergers and acquisitions
1554:Equal pay for equal work
1390:Union security agreement
1357:Collaborative bargaining
1006:Social movement unionism
314:Krislov, Joseph (1955).
134:
41:decertification election
1381:Mutual gains bargaining
1197:Occupation of factories
920:Global union federation
1559:Exploitation of labour
1237:Organizational dissent
1665:Trade union elections
1416:Workers' compensation
1362:Collective bargaining
1016:Members-only unionism
414:(December 15, 1953).
390:(December 17, 1953).
366:(December 11, 1953).
247:(4): 221 – via
79:and the newly formed
53:Canadian Auto Workers
1026:Open-source unionism
940:Father of the chapel
930:Union representative
1624:Occupational stress
1478:Demarcation dispute
1461:Anti-union violence
1082:Industrial unionism
1041:Solidarity unionism
955:Vigilance committee
935:Clerk of the chapel
118:United Auto Workers
25:union raid election
1609:Professional abuse
1411:Union wage premium
1385:Pattern bargaining
1317:Solidarity actions
1177:Diversity training
1011:Community unionism
728:The New York Times
692:The New York Times
660:The New York Times
624:The New York Times
588:The New York Times
552:The New York Times
516:The New York Times
480:The New York Times
444:The New York Times
95:No raid agreements
1652:
1651:
1534:Conflict theories
1529:Four-day workweek
1424:
1423:
1340:
1339:
1242:Industrial action
1151:Union co-op model
1095:
1094:
1067:Independent union
1031:Business unionism
758:(April 7, 1956).
652:Loftus, Joseph A.
412:Loftus, Joseph A.
388:Loftus, Joseph A.
240:Labor Law Journal
1682:
1539:Critique of work
1514:35-hour workweek
1302:Pen-down strikes
1258:
1257:
1109:Shops and hiring
1106:
1105:
996:Organizing model
895:
894:
846:
839:
832:
823:
822:
816:
815:
808:Wayne Law Review
799:
793:
792:
776:
770:
769:
752:
746:
745:
743:
742:
716:
710:
709:
707:
706:
684:
678:
677:
675:
674:
648:
642:
641:
639:
638:
612:
606:
605:
603:
602:
576:
570:
569:
567:
566:
540:
534:
533:
531:
530:
504:
498:
497:
495:
494:
468:
462:
461:
459:
458:
432:
426:
425:
408:
402:
401:
384:
378:
377:
360:
354:
353:
311:
302:
301:
283:
281:10.7202/011722ar
259:
253:
252:
230:
224:
223:
189:
172:
169:
163:
157:
151:
148:
127:Since 1992, the
69:Taft-Hartley Act
49:British Columbia
1690:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1502:
1420:
1394:
1377:Master contract
1352:Bargaining unit
1336:
1332:Wildcat strikes
1256:
1202:Precarious work
1172:Contingent work
1155:
1101:
1091:
1050:
984:
910:Union organizer
886:
853:
852:Organized labor
850:
820:
819:
800:
796:
777:
773:
753:
749:
740:
738:
717:
713:
704:
702:
686:
685:
681:
672:
670:
649:
645:
636:
634:
613:
609:
600:
598:
577:
573:
564:
562:
541:
537:
528:
526:
505:
501:
492:
490:
469:
465:
456:
454:
433:
429:
409:
405:
385:
381:
361:
357:
334:10.2307/1884855
312:
305:
260:
256:
231:
227:
190:
186:
181:
176:
175:
170:
166:
158:
154:
149:
142:
137:
116:made up of the
97:
65:
57:SEIU Healthcare
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1688:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1634:Social support
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1604:Prison strikes
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1569:Hunger strikes
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1519:Eight-hour day
1516:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1493:Featherbedding
1490:
1485:
1483:Strikebreaking
1480:
1475:
1473:Union violence
1470:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1453:
1451:Churn and burn
1448:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1312:Sitdown strike
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1275:General strike
1272:
1266:
1264:
1262:Strike actions
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1077:Craft unionism
1074:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
992:
990:
986:
985:
983:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
901:
899:
892:
888:
887:
885:
884:
874:
872:Labor movement
869:
864:
858:
855:
854:
849:
848:
841:
834:
826:
818:
817:
794:
771:
765:New York Times
747:
722:(1954-08-14).
720:Levey, Stanley
711:
694:. 1954-06-10.
679:
654:(1954-06-07).
643:
618:(1954-05-15).
607:
582:(1954-05-14).
571:
546:(1954-02-21).
535:
510:(1954-02-20).
499:
474:(1954-02-19).
463:
438:(1954-02-14).
427:
421:New York Times
403:
397:New York Times
379:
373:New York Times
355:
328:(1): 145–152.
303:
274:(2): 273–295.
254:
225:
206:(4): 555–564.
183:
182:
180:
177:
174:
173:
164:
152:
139:
138:
136:
133:
96:
93:
83:CIO affiliate
81:anti communist
64:
61:
36:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1687:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:Forced labour
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:United States
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:Union busting
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:Overtime bans
1295:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:Strike notice
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:General union
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1062:Company union
1060:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:Dual unionism
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:One Big Union
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
1001:Service model
999:
997:
994:
993:
991:
987:
981:
980:Worker center
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
905:Labor council
903:
902:
900:
896:
893:
889:
882:
881:public sector
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
862:Labor history
860:
859:
856:
847:
842:
840:
835:
833:
828:
827:
824:
813:
809:
805:
798:
790:
786:
782:
775:
767:
766:
761:
757:
751:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
715:
701:
697:
693:
689:
683:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
647:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:Raskin, A. H.
611:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:Raskin, A. H.
575:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:Raskin, A. H.
539:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:Raskin, A. H.
503:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:Raskin, A. H.
467:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:Raskin, A. H.
431:
423:
422:
417:
413:
407:
399:
398:
393:
389:
383:
375:
374:
369:
365:
359:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:
317:
310:
308:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
277:
273:
269:
265:
258:
250:
246:
242:
241:
236:
229:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:
195:
188:
184:
168:
162:
156:
147:
145:
140:
132:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
110:
107:
102:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
32:
28:
26:
22:
1639:Wage slavery
1599:Maximum wage
1594:Minimum wage
1524:Six-hour day
1507:Other topics
1497:
1399:Compensation
1252:Work-to-rule
1192:Labor revolt
1146:Scope clause
1087:Police union
925:Unionization
867:Labor rights
811:
807:
797:
788:
784:
774:
763:
750:
739:. Retrieved
727:
714:
703:. Retrieved
691:
682:
671:. Retrieved
659:
646:
635:. Retrieved
623:
610:
599:. Retrieved
587:
574:
563:. Retrieved
551:
538:
527:. Retrieved
515:
502:
491:. Retrieved
479:
466:
455:. Retrieved
443:
430:
419:
406:
395:
382:
371:
358:
325:
319:
271:
267:
257:
244:
238:
228:
203:
197:
187:
167:
155:
126:
112:In 1968 the
111:
98:
89:union locals
66:
38:
29:
24:
20:
18:
1544:Decent work
1498:Union raids
1488:Goon squads
1456:Paper local
1307:Recognition
1247:Unfair list
1167:Bossnapping
1136:Hiring hall
1126:Agency shop
1116:Closed shop
1046:Syndicalism
970:Trades hall
960:Union label
945:Local union
877:Trade union
1659:Categories
1614:Protection
1584:Labor code
1579:Job strain
1406:Strike pay
1345:Bargaining
1292:Green bans
1285:newspapers
1131:Union shop
1100:Industrial
950:Union dues
756:Raskin, AH
741:2023-07-10
705:2023-07-10
673:2023-07-10
637:2023-07-10
601:2023-07-10
565:2023-07-10
529:2023-07-10
493:2023-07-10
457:2023-07-10
364:Raskin, AH
179:References
67:After the
21:union raid
1589:Labor law
1446:Givebacks
1429:Reactions
1227:Stay-away
1212:Picketing
1207:Precarity
1187:Grievance
1121:Open shop
1102:relations
898:Structure
891:Formation
736:0362-4331
700:0362-4331
668:0362-4331
632:0362-4331
596:0362-4331
560:0362-4331
524:0362-4331
488:0362-4331
452:0362-4331
342:0033-5533
290:0034-379X
220:154102330
101:Teamsters
1644:Workload
1629:Overwork
1222:Slowdown
298:23078053
249:ProQuest
1327:Whipsaw
1322:Walkout
1217:Salting
1160:Actions
350:1884855
129:AFL–CIO
122:AFL–CIO
35:History
1270:Hartal
1182:Gherao
989:Models
734:
698:
666:
630:
594:
558:
522:
486:
450:
348:
340:
296:
288:
218:
1280:Bandh
1055:Types
346:JSTOR
294:JSTOR
216:S2CID
135:Notes
1141:Bump
965:Salt
814:: 1.
791:(1).
732:ISSN
696:ISSN
664:ISSN
628:ISSN
592:ISSN
556:ISSN
520:ISSN
484:ISSN
448:ISSN
338:ISSN
286:ISSN
106:Beck
55:and
45:NLRB
330:doi
276:doi
208:doi
73:CIO
1661::
812:37
810:.
806:.
789:21
787:.
783:.
762:.
730:.
726:.
690:.
662:.
658:.
626:.
622:.
590:.
586:.
554:.
550:.
518:.
514:.
482:.
478:.
446:.
442:.
418:.
394:.
370:.
344:.
336:.
326:69
324:.
318:.
306:^
292:.
284:.
272:60
270:.
266:.
245:43
243:.
237:.
214:.
204:21
202:.
196:.
143:^
19:A
883:)
879:(
845:e
838:t
831:v
768:.
744:.
708:.
676:.
640:.
604:.
568:.
532:.
496:.
460:.
424:.
400:.
376:.
352:.
332::
300:.
278::
251:.
222:.
210::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.