1070:
837:
While the league had a number of major league players (on the St. Louis franchise, at least), the league's overall talent and organization was notably inferior to that of the two established major leagues. Of the 272 players in the
Association, 107 (39.34%) never played in another major league, while
290:
The lone survivor of the Union moved to
Indianapolis and became the Hoosiers after 1886, having compiled records of 36–72 and 43–79 in St. Louis, and they played another three seasons before folding, with records of 37–89, 50–85 and 59–75 for a .360 win percentage in the NL, and an all-time franchise
151:
at the expense of the rest of the league, which represented an obvious conflict-of-interest situation: the
Maroons subsequently opened the season with 20 straight wins, and finished with a record of 94–19 (.832 winning percentage), winning the pennant by 21 games after having clinched it with five
876:
were brought to the brink and forced to sell out. Finally, the NL paid Lucas off by bringing him into the league, risking renewed war with the AA. In short, we should regard the Union
Association as a major league because the National League and American Association regarded it as a major threat.
155:
The league not only suffered from lopsided talent distribution, but also instability - four franchises folded during the season, forcing the league to scramble to replace them with three teams from lower leagues and one new team, while
Chicago moved to Pittsburgh mid-season - and a poorly drafted
852:
After the
Association folded, Dunlap never hit higher than .274 or more than seven home runs in a season until he retired in 1891, another measure of the inferior quality of the Union Association. In point of fact, if the 1884 UA season is excluded from his career totals, Dunlap's career batting
322:
Leveraging his situation, Radbourn pledged to stay with the club and be the sole primary pitcher if he would be given a raise and granted free agency at season's end. Radbourn, who already had 24 wins at that point to
Sweeney's 17, pitched nearly every game after that, and went on to win an
849:, led the league in batting average with .412 (86 points higher than his second-best season, and 120 points higher than his career average), and also led the league in on-base percentage, slugging percentage, runs scored, hits, total bases, and home runs (with 13, typical for the era).
318:
by Jerry
Lansche, Sweeney fell out of grace with the Providence team in late July after he refused to be replaced in a game while drunk, and was expelled. Rather than come crawling back, Sweeney signed with Lucas' team, leaving Radbourn by himself.
246:: Wilmington Quicksteps fold, having played their final game on September 12: at this point of the season, the St. Louis Maroons have already clinched the pennant, even though there are still five weeks of games left to play.
115:
Seven of the twelve teams who were in the
Association at some point during the season did not play a full schedule: four teams folded during the season and were replaced, while Chicago moved to Pittsburgh in late August.
2191:
1666:
868:(AA), treated it as a significant competitor: "The AA added teams to block the UA. The established leagues changed their own rules via the Day resolutions . They were forced to pay higher salaries. The
2081:
323:
astounding 59 games (a record) during the regular season; he has since been credited with another win for 60 that season. For an encore, he also won all three games of 1884's version of the
1979:
3433:
2901:
2024:
1793:
1788:
454:
961:
2256:
156:
schedule, which saw the league derisively dubbed "The Onion League" by its detractors in the two established leagues. The list of franchise movements is as follows:
416:
of the
Brewers on September 28. On July 7, Hugh Daily struck out 19 Boston Reds in a nine-inning game, a major league record that would stand for 102 years, until
349:
2877:
2104:
824:
did not consider the Union Association to be a major league: the earliest record James found of the Union Association being referred to as a major league was
2088:
1127:
915:
276:
On January 15, 1885, at a scheduled UA meeting in Milwaukee, only the Milwaukee and Kansas City franchises showed up, and the league was promptly disbanded.
3428:
2261:
279:
The St. Louis franchise itself was deemed to be strong enough to enter the National League in 1885, but it faced heavy competition within the city, as the
2301:
810:
Although the league is conventionally listed as a major league, this status has been questioned by a number of modern baseball historians, most notably
1841:
3423:
2076:
397:
2862:
2381:
1798:
1342:
816:
2735:
1964:
1958:
1928:
1783:
447:
2614:
2039:
2017:
1824:
842:(less than 300 at bats and/or 50 hits) in other major leagues, and 79 (29.04%) had longer careers but little success in other major leagues.
654:
986:
2049:
2029:
1819:
335:. His performance in 1884, along with a generally strong career and an overall record of 309-194 (.614), assured Radbourn his place in the
888:
Major Leagues: The Formation, Sometimes Absorption and Mostly Inevitable Demise of 18 Professional Baseball Organizations, 1871 to Present
3438:
2308:
1155:
869:
2012:
2657:
2684:
2044:
1906:
1803:
440:
2619:
1995:
1228:
2745:
2390:
1054:
3373:
2790:
2785:
2740:
1949:
1761:
1741:
1218:
1203:
1031:
266:
were recruited from the Northwest League to finish the Chicago/Pittsburgh and the Philadelphia/Wilmington schedules respectively.
211:
2780:
2770:
2725:
291:
winning percentage of .432. These figures, perhaps, reveal the gulf in class between the UA and the established major leagues.
853:
average was .276 (a drop of sixteen points), and he hit 28 career home runs (a loss of nearly one-third of his career total).
2159:
2154:
2134:
2007:
1969:
1208:
729:
3181:
3163:
2824:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2109:
2034:
946:
865:
3393:
2662:
2374:
1921:
1874:
1766:
1746:
1656:
1335:
1223:
332:
284:
3028:
3023:
2488:
2342:
2337:
2266:
2234:
1916:
1869:
754:
679:
529:
2483:
2229:
2186:
1361:
1193:
1064:
895:
873:
704:
554:
176:
3087:
1851:
1718:
20:
923:
1974:
1771:
1751:
1188:
1148:
779:
2939:
2367:
2000:
1954:
1731:
1628:
1328:
1093:
2882:
604:
504:
91:
2993:
2056:
1279:
860:, has argued that the UA should be considered a major league because the then-existing major leagues, the
3378:
2597:
1911:
1829:
1249:
629:
3418:
3341:
3069:
2427:
1864:
1497:
1141:
861:
307:
109:
3064:
2795:
2765:
2629:
1688:
1294:
381:
192:
141:
2564:
2322:
2213:
1483:
1304:
388:, the only man in baseball history to play a full career as a left-handed catcher. Switch-pitcher
3279:
3236:
3046:
2689:
2578:
1544:
1417:
1269:
994:
830:
579:
421:
362:
137:
2672:
302:. With a schedule of a little over 100 games, most teams employed two regular pitchers, and the
294:
Perhaps the most obvious impact of the short-lived league was on the career of a player who did
2964:
2730:
2703:
2583:
2573:
2251:
2139:
1708:
1693:
1676:
1213:
1198:
1178:
328:
263:
221:
201:
184:
180:
164:
133:
125:
63:
3388:
3297:
2834:
2652:
2523:
2439:
2417:
2164:
2144:
2129:
1896:
1698:
1529:
1351:
1309:
1233:
1183:
336:
280:
231:
168:
105:
2553:
2463:
2458:
2149:
1610:
1590:
1582:
1534:
1506:
1455:
1379:
259:
129:
8:
3261:
3199:
2720:
2474:
2449:
2071:
1646:
1600:
1572:
1430:
1254:
1015:
3134:
2867:
2839:
2775:
2203:
2119:
2066:
2061:
1884:
1567:
1468:
1440:
482:
234:
recruited from Eastern League to take over Philadelphia's games, starting on this date.
172:
1115:
1039:
2543:
1671:
1651:
1562:
1473:
1425:
1407:
1387:
1299:
1274:
1060:
891:
188:
148:
3383:
2634:
2518:
1901:
1846:
1778:
1681:
1661:
1605:
1595:
1478:
1397:
303:
299:
1121:
2624:
2548:
2422:
2198:
1933:
1703:
1636:
1557:
1445:
1370:
1289:
1264:
821:
477:
366:
311:
240:: Chicago Browns played their last game before the franchise moved to Pittsburgh.
147:
After being appointed president, Lucas bought the best available players for his
2359:
108:
which lasted for just the 1884 season. St. Louis won the pennant and joined the
3003:
2998:
2829:
2667:
2513:
2124:
1514:
1463:
1435:
1402:
1392:
825:
472:
393:
1320:
3412:
2246:
2241:
2208:
1524:
1519:
1284:
839:
497:
492:
417:
385:
124:
The league was founded in September 1883 by the young St. Louis millionaire
2872:
2679:
2493:
1834:
1726:
1552:
487:
389:
324:
2328:
1889:
1856:
1641:
1027:
846:
425:
358:
408:
The Union Association saw two no-hitters in its brief existence: one by
380:
Notable players that made their debut in the Union Association included
3116:
1259:
811:
413:
409:
374:
370:
424:
and Dupee Shaw got 18-strikeout games. The Chicago Browns executed a
1133:
1016:
1884 Union Association Baseball Debuts / Rookies by Baseball Almanac
2534:
37:
1879:
2504:
214:
were formed to take over Altoona's games starting on this date.
19:
For the minor league that operated from 1911 through 1914, see
347:
128:, who was eventually named the league's president, with owner
947:"Two Big Wars Interrupted the Progress of the National Game"
252:: Pittsburgh Stogies (formerly the Chicago Browns) folded.
856:
However, Richard Hershberger, responding to James in the
396:
on Mullane, and he relented after he was threatened with
392:
attempted to sign with the Maroons, but the Browns had a
361:
of the Maroons, while star pitchers for the UA included
3434:
Defunct major baseball leagues in the United States
384:, who was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1946, and
890:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, 1991.
357:The best hitter of the 1884 Union Association was
2389:
3410:
2863:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
1350:
1056:The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract
817:The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract
163:: Season opens with the following franchises:
3334:
2375:
1336:
1149:
987:"The Chronology - 1885 - BaseballLibrary.com"
916:"The Chronology - 1883 - BaseballLibrary.com"
448:
2955:
1980:Comparison with Nippon Professional Baseball
3429:1884 disestablishments in the United States
2097:
1094:"Was the Union Association a Major League?"
1091:
805:
412:of the Outlaw Reds on August 26 and one by
2382:
2368:
1343:
1329:
1156:
1142:
455:
441:
420:struck out 20 batters in a game in 1986.
327:, pitching every inning of a sweep of the
3424:1884 establishments in the United States
3374:Asia Professional Baseball Championship
2791:Panamanian Professional Baseball League
2786:Nicaraguan Professional Baseball League
2741:Venezuelan Professional Baseball League
1032:"NerdFight: League Quality Adjustments"
944:
3411:
2771:Colombian Professional Baseball League
2726:Dominican Professional Baseball League
1026:
945:Richter, Francis C. (March 14, 1908).
2363:
1324:
1163:
1137:
1052:
3182:Chinese Professional Baseball League
3164:Chinese Professional Baseball League
2781:Curaçao Professional Baseball League
1092:Hershberger, Richard (Spring 2024).
872:were run out of town by the UA. The
3394:Triple-A National Championship Game
13:
3439:Sports leagues established in 1884
880:
877:They were in a position to know."
820:, who found that the contemporary
352:
14:
3450:
2230:Timeline of Major League Baseball
1194:Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies
1108:
655:Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies
3361:
2082:Negro leaguers who played in MLB
1073:from the original on May 4, 2018
967:from the original on May 8, 2011
21:Union Association (minor league)
16:Defunct American baseball league
845:The league's only star player,
2940:China National Baseball League
2262:Relocations of the 1950s–1960s
1085:
1046:
1020:
1009:
979:
938:
908:
136:serving as vice-president and
1:
3088:Japan Women's Baseball League
2902:List of defunct minor leagues
2883:United States Baseball League
2391:Professional baseball leagues
901:
403:
314:. According to the 1991 book
2994:Nippon Professional Baseball
2402:
2057:National Baseball Commission
1053:James, Bill (May 11, 2010).
431:
7:
3379:Asia Winter Baseball League
3319:
2736:Puerto Rico Baseball League
2257:Defunct and relocated teams
1912:World Baseball Classic Inc.
342:
10:
3455:
3342:Australian Baseball League
3221:
3070:Shikoku Island League Plus
2160:Negro National League (II)
2077:First black players in MLB
119:
18:
3369:
3360:
3356:
3327:
3318:
3314:
3288:
3270:
3252:
3245:
3229:
3220:
3216:
3190:
3172:
3154:
3147:
3125:
3107:
3100:
3078:
3065:Baseball Challenge League
3055:
3037:
3014:
2984:
2977:
2948:
2932:
2923:
2919:
2891:
2853:
2815:
2808:
2766:Argentine Baseball League
2756:
2711:
2702:
2643:
2605:
2596:
2562:
2532:
2502:
2472:
2447:
2438:
2410:
2401:
2397:
2317:
2235:History of team nicknames
2222:
2179:
2135:Negro National League (I)
2025:All-time win–loss records
1988:
1942:
1812:
1717:
1627:
1623:
1581:
1543:
1505:
1496:
1454:
1416:
1378:
1369:
1359:
1242:
1171:
1098:Baseball Research Journal
1081:– via Google Books.
858:Baseball Research Journal
730:Washington Nationals (UA)
496:
491:
468:
85:
77:
69:
59:
51:
43:
33:
2924:
2214:Barry Bonds perjury case
1305:West Seventh Street Park
806:Status as a major league
486:
481:
476:
471:
298:jump to the new league:
3280:Honkbal Overgangsklasse
3237:Italian Baseball League
3047:Miyazaki Phoenix League
2690:Venezuelan Major League
2579:Dominican Summer League
2018:Tie-breaking procedures
1124:- Baseballbiography.com
831:The Baseball Cyclopedia
112:the following season.
2965:Israel Baseball League
2796:Veracruz Winter League
2731:Mexican Pacific League
2584:Florida Complex League
2574:Arizona Complex League
2252:Golden age of baseball
2140:Eastern Colored League
1820:Authentication Program
1709:World Baseball Classic
1214:Philadelphia Keystones
1199:Cincinnati Outlaw Reds
1179:Altoona Mountain Citys
1130:at baseballlibrary.com
1116:baseball-reference.com
1059:. Simon and Schuster.
1036:baseballprospectus.com
755:Philadelphia Keystones
680:Altoona Mountain Citys
530:Cincinnati Outlaw Reds
398:banishment from the NL
329:New York Metropolitans
310:featured Radbourn and
222:Philadelphia Keystones
202:Altoona Mountain Citys
185:Philadelphia Keystones
181:Cincinnati Outlaw Reds
165:Altoona Mountain Citys
134:Philadelphia franchise
3389:Latin American Series
3298:Honkbal Rookie League
2835:Negro league baseball
2653:Cuban National Series
2645:Non-partnered leagues
2524:South Atlantic League
2418:Major League Baseball
2165:Negro American League
2155:Negro Southern League
2145:American Negro League
1897:Minor League Baseball
1779:Wild Card Game/Series
1689:Little League Classic
1530:Philadelphia Phillies
1352:Major League Baseball
1310:Wright Street Grounds
1234:Wilmington Quicksteps
1184:Baltimore Monumentals
1114:Union Association at
834:, published in 1922.
705:Wilmington Quicksteps
555:Baltimore Monumentals
337:Baseball Hall of Fame
232:Wilmington Quicksteps
169:Baltimore Monumentals
106:Major League Baseball
3230:Italy and San Marino
2878:National Association
2825:American Association
2673:Liga Norte de México
2615:American Association
2554:Florida State League
2464:Pacific Coast League
2459:International League
2110:American Association
2105:National Association
1842:Highest-paid players
1694:Field of Dreams Game
1611:San Francisco Giants
1591:Arizona Diamondbacks
1535:Washington Nationals
1229:Washington Nationals
866:American Association
796:11–23
771:14–21
749:11–38
746:36–27
674:20–31
671:21–19
599:24–29
596:34–22
574:29–26
571:29–21
549:34–19
546:35–17
524:45–13
333:American Association
285:American Association
283:were a power in the
193:Washington Nationals
142:Washington franchise
3262:Honkbal Hoofdklasse
3200:Taiwan Major League
2721:Arizona Fall League
2685:United Shore League
2607:MLB Partner Leagues
2309:Contraction attempt
2130:Major Negro leagues
2072:Baseball color line
1907:Players Association
1699:Rickwood Field Game
1667:International games
1647:Jackie Robinson Day
1601:Los Angeles Dodgers
1573:St. Louis Cardinals
1431:Cleveland Guardians
1255:Bank Street Grounds
1204:Kansas City Cowboys
1042:on October 1, 2007.
991:baseballlibrary.com
926:on October 20, 2012
920:baseballlibrary.com
838:72 (26.47%) played
799:5–40
780:Kansas City Cowboys
774:7–25
724:1–10
696:6–12
521:49–6
465:
272:: Season concludes.
212:Kansas City Cowboys
149:St. Louis franchise
30:
3135:KBO Futures League
2868:Continental League
2776:Cuban Elite League
2334:League Presidents
2204:Biogenesis scandal
2067:Organized baseball
2062:Continental League
1885:MLB Advanced Media
1568:Pittsburgh Pirates
1469:Los Angeles Angels
1441:Kansas City Royals
1030:(April 13, 2007).
997:on January 1, 2008
721:1–6
699:0–7
649:2–6
646:0–0
624:0–0
621:8–4
436:
28:
3419:Union Association
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3143:
3142:
3096:
3095:
2973:
2972:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2845:Union Association
2804:
2803:
2698:
2697:
2658:Curaçao AA League
2592:
2591:
2544:California League
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2175:
2174:
2115:Union Association
1652:Civil Rights Game
1619:
1618:
1563:Milwaukee Brewers
1492:
1491:
1474:Oakland Athletics
1426:Chicago White Sox
1408:Toronto Blue Jays
1388:Baltimore Orioles
1318:
1317:
1300:Union Street Park
1275:Dartmouth Grounds
1219:St. Louis Maroons
1209:Milwaukee Brewers
1165:Union Association
1122:Union Association
886:David Pietrusza.
803:
802:
605:Milwaukee Brewers
505:St. Louis Maroons
463:Union Association
264:Milwaukee Brewers
189:St. Louis Maroons
102:Union Association
98:
97:
92:St. Louis Maroons
29:Union Association
3446:
3384:Caribbean Series
3358:
3357:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3316:
3315:
3291:
3273:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3218:
3217:
3193:
3175:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3128:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3081:
3058:
3040:
3017:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2921:
2920:
2894:
2856:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2759:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2646:
2635:MLB Draft League
2608:
2603:
2602:
2567:
2537:
2519:Northwest League
2507:
2477:
2452:
2445:
2444:
2399:
2398:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2150:East–West League
2095:
2094:
2089:Women MLB owners
1959:2024 controversy
1902:MLB Draft League
1857:Lockouts/strikes
1847:Hot stove league
1662:Interleague play
1625:
1624:
1606:San Diego Padres
1596:Colorado Rockies
1503:
1502:
1479:Seattle Mariners
1398:New York Yankees
1376:
1375:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1128:1884 in baseball
1102:
1101:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1038:. Archived from
1024:
1018:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
993:. Archived from
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
966:
951:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
922:. Archived from
912:
466:
457:
450:
443:
435:
316:Glory Fades Away
304:Providence Grays
300:Charles Radbourn
281:St. Louis Browns
104:was a league in
31:
27:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3398:
3365:
3344:
3336:MLB-affiliated:
3335:
3323:
3302:
3289:
3284:
3271:
3266:
3253:
3241:
3225:
3204:
3191:
3186:
3173:
3168:
3155:
3139:
3126:
3121:
3108:
3092:
3079:
3074:
3056:
3051:
3038:
3033:
3015:
3010:
2985:
2969:
2956:
2944:
2928:
2907:
2892:
2887:
2854:
2849:
2840:Players' League
2816:
2800:
2757:
2752:
2712:
2694:
2644:
2639:
2625:Frontier League
2620:Atlantic League
2606:
2588:
2563:
2558:
2549:Carolina League
2533:
2528:
2503:
2498:
2489:Southern League
2473:
2468:
2448:
2434:
2428:National League
2423:American League
2406:
2393:
2388:
2358:
2349:
2313:
2218:
2199:Mitchell Report
2171:
2120:Players' League
2093:
2040:Retired numbers
1984:
1938:
1934:Winter Meetings
1808:
1713:
1704:Players Weekend
1637:Spring training
1615:
1577:
1558:Cincinnati Reds
1539:
1498:National League
1488:
1450:
1446:Minnesota Twins
1412:
1371:American League
1365:
1355:
1349:
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1314:
1290:South Side Park
1280:Exposition Park
1265:Capitol Grounds
1238:
1224:St. Paul Saints
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883:
881:Further reading
862:National League
822:baseball guides
808:
630:St. Paul Saints
461:
434:
406:
367:Charlie Sweeney
355:
353:Notable players
350:
348:
345:
312:Charlie Sweeney
308:National League
260:St. Paul Saints
152:weeks to play.
138:Warren W. White
122:
110:National League
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2830:Federal League
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2817:MLB-recognized
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2125:Federal League
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1950:Instant replay
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1515:Atlanta Braves
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1436:Detroit Tigers
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1109:External links
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826:Ernest Lanigan
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400:if he signed.
394:reserve clause
382:Tommy McCarthy
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3192:Defunct major
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2746:Liga Paralela
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2663:Empire League
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2209:BALCO scandal
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2180:Steroid usage
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1955:Team uniforms
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1943:Miscellaneous
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1295:Union Grounds
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1285:Keystone Park
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1270:Columbia Park
1268:
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2045:Hall of Fame
2013:Tie-breakers
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1727:World Series
1553:Chicago Cubs
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2758:Independent
2598:Independent
2329:Rob Manfred
2192:suspensions
2187:Drug policy
1922:Free agency
1890:MLB Network
1784:Appearances
1677:Mexico City
1642:Opening Day
1189:Boston Reds
847:Fred Dunlap
580:Boston Reds
426:triple play
359:Fred Dunlap
173:Boston Reds
126:Henry Lucas
88:champion(s)
64:Henry Lucas
3413:Categories
3117:KBO League
3039:Off-season
2704:Off-season
1929:Valuations
1875:Television
1852:Luxury tax
1719:Postseason
1260:Belair Lot
902:References
812:Bill James
414:Ed Cushman
410:Dick Burns
404:Highlights
375:Hugh Daily
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270:October 19
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432:Standings
238:August 21
228:August 18
130:Tom Pratt
60:President
2535:Single-A
2475:Double-A
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1794:Droughts
1629:Schedule
1243:Stadiums
1071:Archived
962:Archived
960:(1): 6.
343:Timeline
218:August 7
161:April 17
38:Baseball
3321:Oceania
3080:Women's
2809:Defunct
2050:members
2030:Records
2008:Seasons
1996:History
1989:History
1970:Mascots
1880:MLB.com
1804:Game 7s
1789:Streaks
1545:Central
1418:Central
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306:in the
224:folded.
204:folded.
140:of the
132:of the
120:History
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3290:Rookie
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3148:Taiwan
2949:Israel
2565:Rookie
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2035:Awards
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1672:London
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2978:Japan
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2893:Minor
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1865:Logo
1772:NLDS
1767:NLCS
1752:ALDS
1747:ALCS
1583:West
1507:East
1456:West
1380:East
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1079:2018
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