1107:
432:. When the MIPS versions of Ultrix was released, the VAX and MIPS versions were referred to as VAX/ULTRIX and RISC/ULTRIX respectively. Much engineering emphasis was placed on supportability and reliable operations including continued work on CPU and device driver support (which was, for the most part, also sent to UC Berkeley), hardware failure support and recovery with enhancement to error message text, documentation, and general work at both the kernel and systems program levels. Later Ultrix-32 incorporated some features from 4.3BSD and optionally included
376:, and was released in June 1984. Ultrix-32 was primarily the brainchild of Armando Stettner. It provided a Berkley-based native VAX Unix on a broad array of hardware configurations without the need to access kernel sources. A further goal was to enable better support by DEC's field software and systems support engineers through better hardware support, system messages, and documentation. It also incorporated several modifications and scripts from Usenet/UUCP experience. Later, Ultrix-32 incorporated support for
1952:
2948:
2565:
1962:
30:
2958:
2577:
1972:
537:, although lacking the OpenVMS distributed lock manager it did not support concurrent access from multiple Ultrix systems. DEC also released a combination hardware and software product named Prestoserv which accelerated NFS file serving to allow better performance for diskless workstations to communicate to a file serving Ultrix host. The
364:
instruction and data spaces, significant work for hardware error recovery, and many device drivers. Much work was put into producing a release that would reliably bootstrap from many tape drives or disk drives. V7M was well respected in the Unix community. UEG evolved into the group that later developed Ultrix.
335:
came to New
Hampshire to work with Shannon and Stettner to wrap up a new BSD release. UEG's machine was the first to run the new Unix, labeled 4.5BSD as was the tape Bill Joy took with him. The thinking was that 5BSD would be the next version - university lawyers thought it would be better to call
363:
from Bell Labs. V7M was developed by DEC's original Unix
Engineering Group (UEG); work was done primarily by Fred Canter and Jerry Brenner, with their teammates Stettner, Bill Burns, Mary Anne Cacciola, and Bill Munson. V7M contained many fixes to the kernel including support for separate
395:
DEC provided Ultrix on three platforms: PDP-11 minicomputers (where Ultrix was one of many available operating systems from DEC), VAX-based computers (where Ultrix was one of two primary OS choices) and the Ultrix-only DECstation workstations and
392:/AT&T Unix licensing, DEC (and others) were restricted to selling binary-only licenses. A significant part of the engineering work was in making the systems relatively flexible and configurable despite their binary-only nature.
569:
executables); and a delay in implementing bind, 4.3BSD system calls and libraries. The absence of memory-mapped file support was regarded as a particular deficiency with Ultrix in comparison to its competitors in the early 1990s.
590:-based kernel for the MIPS architecture. A port of Ultrix to Alpha was carried out during the initial development of the Alpha architecture, but was never released as a product. Later, DEC replaced Ultrix with OSF/1 on
483:
or OSF), released late 1986, put BSD features into System V, DEC, as described in
Stettner's original Ultrix plans, took the best from System V and added it to a BSD base.
277:
DEC's Unix
Engineering Group (UEG) was started by Bill Munson with Jerry Brenner and Fred Canter, both from DEC's Customer Service Engineering group, Bill Shannon (from
565:). Also, Ultrix was slow to support many then new or emerging Unix system capabilities found on competing Unix systems (e.g. it never supported shared libraries or
347:
announced plans for a native UNIX product, Stettner and Bill Doll presented plans for DEC to make a native VAX Unix product available to its customers; DEC founder
270:, was finished in 1978, not long after the October 1977 announcement of the VAX, for which – at that time – DEC only supplied its own proprietary operating system,
2615:
1054:
597:
The last major release of Ultrix was version 4.5 in 1995, which supported all previously supported DECstations and VAXen. There were some subsequent
2961:
955:
1975:
557:
at Purdue
University. As such, there was liberal use of locking and some tasks could only be done by particular CPUs (e.g. the processing of
2913:
289:). Other later members of UEG included Joel Magid, Bill Doll, and Jim Barclay recruited from DEC's marketing and product management groups.
2608:
676:
1047:
340:. Shannon later moved from New Hampshire to join him. Stettner stayed at DEC and later conceived of and started the Ultrix project.
266:
and PDP-11 (Programmable Data
Processor) systems. Later DEC computers, such as their VAX, also offered Unix. The first port to VAX,
744:
2992:
2982:
2951:
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909:
1965:
1040:
717:
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324:
578:
As part of its commitment to the OSF, Armando
Stettner went to DEC's Cambridge Research Labs to work on the port of
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1986:
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2008:
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882:
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1767:
1063:
534:
372:
The first native VAX UNIX product from DEC was Ultrix-32, based on 4.2BSD with some non-kernel features from
231:
48:
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1857:
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1115:
437:
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1862:
1645:
1607:
1452:
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510:(X User Interface), which was also used on VMS releases of the time. Eventually Ultrix also provided the
456:
118:
2211:
1892:
1678:
841:
1195:
612:, a scientifically oriented word processor, was among the application packages available for Ultrix.
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2540:
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2126:
1926:
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and device driver support initially on UNIX/32V but quickly moved to concentrate on working with the
156:
972:
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1589:
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183:
60:
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servers. Note that the DECstation and the later DECsystem products (as opposed to DEC's original
320:
359:
DEC's first native UNIX product was V7M (for modified) or V7M11 for the PDP-11 and was based on
2648:
2386:
1882:
1447:
1241:
1190:
930:
176:
2474:
2581:
2534:
1955:
1122:
651:
629:
495:
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2432:
1872:
1640:
1544:
515:
381:
195:
55:
35:
1106:
8:
2446:
2028:
1732:
1477:
1131:
487:
205:
2882:
2877:
2461:
2001:
1599:
914:
846:
774:
681:
546:
2678:
2653:
2467:
2039:
1709:
1292:
1230:
1225:
598:
405:
162:
149:
1022:
2074:
2024:
1747:
1432:
929:
George A. Darcy III; Ronald F. Brender; Stephen J. Morris; Michael V. Iles (1992).
624:
550:
511:
389:
337:
282:
190:
1027:
2593:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2016:
1655:
1083:
861:
696:
554:
499:
491:
464:
1032:
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522:
503:
360:
297:
169:
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2742:
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2414:
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2119:
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1994:
1797:
701:
587:
472:
373:
336:
it 4.1BSD. After the completion of 4.1BSD, Bill Joy left
Berkeley to work at
93:
2918:
2693:
2236:
2231:
1792:
1688:
1635:
1534:
1006:
401:
2747:
2502:
2313:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1237:
1220:
1089:
561:). This was not uncommon in other SMP implementations of that time (e.g.
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2523:
2420:
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2246:
2216:
2064:
1850:
1625:
583:
507:
460:
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262:
The initial development of Unix occurred on DEC equipment, notably DEC
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180:
43:
1442:
525:
systems from both the VAX and DECsystem families. Ultrix-32 supported
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1727:
1698:
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1278:
1273:
1212:
1077:
866:
634:
591:
558:
476:
428:, but as the PDP-11 faded from view Ultrix-32 became known simply as
409:
397:
348:
286:
973:
ULTRIX Worksystem
Software, Version 4.2 Software Product Description
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2176:
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1834:
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1504:
1308:
1168:
1150:
1145:
718:"The Unix Tutorial / Part 3: Unix in the Microcomputer Marketplace"
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29:
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308:
263:
215:
2787:
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2151:
2017:
1802:
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1472:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1302:
1202:
1178:
874:
526:
490:
called UWS, Ultrix
Worksystem Software, which was based on
445:
235:
70:
2772:
2399:
2363:
2136:
1160:
782:
594:, ending Unix development on the MIPS and VAX platforms.
344:
243:
145:
486:
Originally, on the VAX workstations, Ultrix-32 had a
16:
Series of discontinued Unix operating systems by DEC
993:
The Little Gray Book: An ULTRIX Primer, AA-MG64B-TE
586:3100 workstation. This was released in 1991 with a
2623:
956:"Macneal-Schwendler to buy MARC Analysis Research"
1062:
834:
671:
669:
667:
2974:
615:The following shells were provided with Ultrix:
996:Guide to Installing Ultrix and UWS, AA-PBL0G-TE
931:"Using Simulation to Develop and Port Software"
910:"Digital Will Introduce PC's and Work Stations"
990:Ultrix-32 Supplementary Documents, AA-MF06A-TE
664:
2609:
2002:
1048:
715:
907:
709:
502:(X11) was added, using a window manager and
380:and other proprietary DEC protocols such as
901:
677:"Networking Products Introduced by Digital"
415:
2616:
2602:
2009:
1995:
1105:
1055:
1041:
987:Ultrix/UWS Release Notes V4.1, AA-ME85D-TE
498:. Later, the widespread version 11 of the
367:
762:
319:Shannon and Stettner worked on low-level
788:
604:
292:Under Canter's direction, UEG released
2975:
880:
475:). While the converged Unix from the
408:processors and predate the much later
2597:
1990:
1036:
697:"DEC offers Ultrix-32 for Microvax I"
529:disks and tapes and also proprietary
420:The V7m product was later renamed to
2957:
2576:
1971:
1664:Digital Storage Systems Interconnect
1018:Ultrix 2.0, 4.2, and 4.3 source code
531:Digital Storage Systems Interconnect
459:(IPC) facilities found in System V (
1738:Dynamically Redefined Character Set
647:Comparison of BSD operating systems
533:and CI peripherals employing DEC's
13:
1684:Synchronous Backplane Interconnect
981:
791:"Hear DEC to Air VAX Vector Plans"
742:
325:University of California, Berkeley
14:
3009:
1000:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2575:
2564:
2563:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1951:
1950:
908:John Markoff (January 9, 1989).
870:. February 16, 1987. p. 21.
455:Notably, Ultrix implemented the
28:
2934:Computer Systems Research Group
2562:indicate discontinued systems.
1878:Maintenance Operations Protocol
966:
948:
922:
789:Stedman, Craig (10 July 1989).
573:
279:Case Western Reserve University
2993:Discontinued operating systems
2983:Berkeley Software Distribution
2625:Berkeley Software Distribution
881:Wilson, David (October 1992).
854:
809:
770:"Ashton-Digital Software Pact"
736:
716:Fiedler, Ryan (October 1983).
705:. October 1, 1984. p. 50.
689:
549:based upon pre-Ultrix work by
1:
1768:Mass Storage Control Protocol
1064:Digital Equipment Corporation
657:
535:Mass Storage Control Protocol
424:to establish the family with
234:'s (DEC) discontinued native
232:Digital Equipment Corporation
49:Digital Equipment Corporation
1858:Digital Federal Credit Union
1080:(founder and CEO, 1957–1992)
889:. pp. 50, 52, 54, 57–58
440:in addition to the standard
7:
2547:Windows Subsystem for Linux
1902:Sequence and Batch Language
1863:Dynamic debugging technique
1014:(version as of Jan 11 2006)
640:
457:inter-process communication
125:; 29 years ago
105:; 40 years ago
10:
3014:
1893:Record Management Services
1679:Standard Disk Interconnect
1012:Info on Ultrix from OSdata
257:
238:operating systems for the
2942:
2901:
2870:
2830:
2713:
2706:
2631:
2555:
2541:Windows Services for UNIX
2496:Microsoft POSIX subsystem
2445:
2344:
2265:
2200:
2084:
2073:
2035:
1946:
1927:The Ultimate Entrepreneur
1811:
1707:
1654:
1598:
1543:
1431:
1291:
1266:
1211:
1159:
1130:
1114:
1103:
1070:
938:Digital Technical Journal
543:symmetric multiprocessing
477:Sun and AT&T alliance
307:reported that Ultrix was
211:
201:
189:
168:
155:
137:
117:
99:
89:
81:
66:
54:
42:
34:RISC/ULTRIX 4.5, running
27:
2888:Berkeley Software Design
2817:PS Vita operating system
1590:DIGITAL Command Language
822:. Digital Equipment Corp
750:. Digital Equipment Corp
481:Open Software Foundation
416:Later releases of Ultrix
296:, a modified version of
1916:Systems Research Center
1911:System Reference Manual
368:First release of Ultrix
230:) is the brand name of
2998:MIPS operating systems
2649:Marshall Kirk McKusick
1883:On-line Debugging Tool
545:while not being fully
354:
314:
177:Command-line interface
2988:DEC operating systems
2535:UserLAnd Technologies
1023:Ultrix system manuals
652:Ultrix Window Manager
630:System V Bourne Shell
496:Ultrix Window Manager
384:. It did not support
226:(officially all-caps
2530:UNIX System Services
2029:compatibility layers
1873:Local Area Transport
1631:National Replacement
605:Application software
582:to DEC's RISC-based
553:and earlier work by
516:Motif Window Manager
36:Motif Window Manager
2257:Other distributions
1733:Digital Linear Tape
1092:(VP of engineering)
817:"Ultrix-11 2.0 SPD"
778:. October 22, 1988.
488:desktop environment
24:
2883:Walnut Creek CDROM
2878:Sleepycat Software
1956:Computers template
960:The New York Times
915:The New York Times
847:The New York Times
775:The New York Times
685:. August 24, 1988.
682:The New York Times
567:dynamically linked
479:(that spawned the
305:The New York Times
22:
2970:
2969:
2866:
2865:
2679:Poul-Henning Kamp
2654:Michael J. Karels
2591:
2590:
2441:
2440:
2025:operating systems
1984:
1983:
1287:
1286:
221:
220:
163:Monolithic kernel
3005:
2960:
2959:
2950:
2949:
2711:
2710:
2618:
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2604:
2595:
2594:
2579:
2578:
2567:
2566:
2082:
2081:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1974:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1748:Flip-Chip module
1641:Special Graphics
1128:
1127:
1109:
1098:(CEO, 1992–1998)
1057:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1028:Ultrix man pages
975:
970:
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963:
952:
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935:
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740:
734:
733:
731:
729:
713:
707:
706:
693:
687:
686:
673:
625:BSD Bourne Shell
551:Armando Stettner
412:-based systems.
390:Western Electric
338:Sun Microsystems
298:Unix 7th Edition
283:Armando Stettner
133:
131:
126:
113:
111:
106:
32:
25:
21:
19:Operating system
3013:
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2196:
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2031:
2015:
1985:
1980:
1942:
1807:
1703:
1650:
1610:(Multinational)
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1427:
1294:
1283:
1262:
1207:
1155:
1121:
1117:
1116:Instruction set
1110:
1101:
1084:Harlan Anderson
1066:
1061:
1003:
984:
982:Further reading
979:
978:
971:
967:
962:. May 29, 1999.
954:
953:
949:
933:
927:
923:
906:
902:
892:
890:
883:"Tested Mettle"
879:
875:
862:"MicroVax 2000"
860:
859:
855:
850:. May 13, 1992.
840:
839:
835:
825:
823:
819:
815:
814:
810:
800:
798:
795:Electronic News
787:
783:
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751:
747:
741:
737:
727:
725:
714:
710:
695:
694:
690:
675:
674:
665:
660:
643:
607:
576:
555:George H. Goble
500:X Window System
444:, and both the
418:
370:
357:
317:
260:
171:
129:
127:
124:
109:
107:
104:
100:Initial release
38:
20:
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11:
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2708:
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2703:
2701:
2700:
2698:William Jolitz
2691:
2689:Ozalp Babaoglu
2686:
2684:Matthew Dillon
2681:
2676:
2671:
2669:Jordan Hubbard
2666:
2664:Samuel Leffler
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1812:Related topics
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343:Shortly after
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1118:architectures
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944:(4): 181–192.
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745:"V7M 2.1 SPD"
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702:Computerworld
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547:multithreaded
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473:shared memory
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386:VAXclustering
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94:Closed source
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82:Working state
80:
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62:
59:
57:
53:
50:
47:
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41:
37:
31:
26:
2902:Other topics
2857:
2831:Discontinued
2644:Keith Bostic
2580:
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2182:
2175:
2168:
2097:
2086:
2085:
2040:Architecture
1925:
1833:
1793:Star coupler
1689:TURBOchannel
1535:Digital UNIX
1524:
1086:(co-founder)
968:
959:
950:
941:
937:
924:
913:
903:
891:. Retrieved
886:
876:
865:
856:
845:
836:
824:. Retrieved
811:
799:. Retrieved
797:. p. 13
794:
784:
773:
764:
752:. Retrieved
738:
726:. Retrieved
721:
711:
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691:
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614:
608:
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577:
574:Last release
520:
514:toolkit and
485:
454:
429:
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419:
394:
371:
358:
342:
318:
304:
302:
293:
291:
276:
261:
227:
223:
222:
212:Succeeded by
90:Source model
2748:MidnightBSD
2707:Derivatives
2503:MKS Toolkit
2314:OpenSolaris
1545:Programming
1258:Alpha 21464
1253:Alpha 21364
1248:Alpha 21264
1238:Alpha 21164
1221:Alpha 21064
1090:Gordon Bell
887:UNIX Review
461:named pipes
452:protocols.
404:line) used
311:compliant.
252:DECstations
202:Preceded by
196:Proprietary
2977:Categories
2924:BSD Daemon
2909:Comparison
2524:PWS/VSE-AF
2421:SerenityOS
2328:Tru64 UNIX
2303:OpenServer
2055:Philosophy
2045:Filesystem
1851:HP-Interex
1274:MicroPRISM
1123:processors
1071:Key people
1007:Ultrix FAQ
728:30 January
658:References
584:DECstation
559:interrupts
541:supported
469:semaphores
448:and DEC's
181:DECwindows
123:4.5 / 1995
56:Written in
2919:Licensing
2893:iXsystems
2871:Companies
2822:Full list
2753:MirOS BSD
2639:Bob Fabry
2359:Domain/OS
2075:Operating
2022:Unix-like
1824:AltaVista
1728:DECwriter
1699:VAXBI bus
1646:Technical
1622:(Turkish)
1585:VAX MACRO
1547:languages
1433:Operating
1315:VT50/VT52
1295:terminals
1279:StrongARM
1078:Ken Olsen
893:10 August
867:InfoWorld
826:7 January
801:10 August
754:7 January
635:KornShell
601:patches.
426:Ultrix-32
422:Ultrix-11
402:DECsystem
398:DECsystem
388:. Given
349:Ken Olsen
287:Bell Labs
138:Platforms
67:OS family
44:Developer
2952:Category
2798:bridgeOS
2758:Junos OS
2726:GhostBSD
2659:Bill Joy
2570:Category
2517:P.I.P.S.
2353:Coherent
2335:UnixWare
2269:System V
2222:ChromeOS
2177:NeXTSTEP
2162:bridgeOS
2060:Security
1966:Category
1835:CPU Wars
1753:Gold key
1710:hardware
1636:RADIX 50
1575:MACRO-11
1570:MACRO-10
1293:Computer
641:See also
610:WordMARC
494:and the
465:messages
374:System V
351:agreed.
333:Bill Joy
303:In 1988
300:(q.v.).
268:UNIX/32V
248:MicroVAX
206:UNIX/V7M
85:Historic
2962:Commons
2914:History
2793:watchOS
2778:audioOS
2733:OpenBSD
2721:FreeBSD
2582:Commons
2560:Italics
2489:MachTen
2482:Interix
2462:Darling
2433:more...
2320:Illumos
2308:Solaris
2242:Red Hat
2212:Android
2157:watchOS
2142:audioOS
2115:OpenBSD
2105:FreeBSD
2077:systems
2050:History
1976:Commons
1888:PALcode
1773:PALcode
1743:Firefly
1723:DECtape
1718:DECtalk
1669:Massbus
1616:(Greek)
1555:BASIC-8
1515:VAX/VMS
1510:TOPS-20
1458:TOPS-10
1435:systems
1242:21164PC
620:C shell
450:Mail-11
281:), and
258:History
191:License
170:Default
128: (
108: (
2929:Lumina
2858:Ultrix
2853:TrueOS
2843:BSD/OS
2838:386BSD
2783:iPadOS
2763:Darwin
2738:NetBSD
2714:Active
2632:People
2468:Eunice
2457:Cygwin
2449:layers
2376:LynxOS
2252:Ubuntu
2237:Gentoo
2232:Fedora
2227:Debian
2191:Ultrix
2147:iPadOS
2127:Darwin
2110:NetBSD
2099:386BSD
1921:TD/SMP
1841:DECnet
1829:Compaq
1708:Other
1694:Unibus
1626:Hebrew
1525:Ultrix
1520:VAXELN
1505:DSM-11
1493:RSX-11
1488:RSTS/E
1478:DOS-11
1463:RSX-15
1448:4K DMS
1443:DECsys
1419:(1994)
1413:(1993)
1407:(1990)
1405:VT1000
1401:(1990)
1385:(1987)
1369:(1983)
1333:(1978)
1317:(1975)
1311:(1972)
1305:(1970)
1196:Mariah
1139:LSI-11
1132:PDP-11
539:kernel
506:named
471:, and
442:TCP/IP
434:DECnet
430:Ultrix
378:DECnet
285:(from
240:PDP-11
228:ULTRIX
224:Ultrix
157:Kernel
142:PDP-11
75:4.2BSD
23:ULTRIX
2848:SunOS
2768:macOS
2694:Lynne
2427:Xenix
2394:OSF/1
2381:Minix
2345:Other
2291:HP-UX
2203:Linux
2184:SunOS
2170:DYNIX
2132:macOS
2065:Shell
1938:WPS-8
1933:VT640
1906:Sixel
1898:ReGIS
1868:FX!32
1846:DECUS
1819:AdvFS
1763:LK421
1758:LK201
1674:Q-Bus
1580:MUMPS
1565:FOCAL
1560:DIBOL
1483:RT-11
1468:TSS/8
1423:VT525
1417:VT520
1411:VT510
1399:VT420
1394:VT340
1389:VT330
1383:VT320
1378:VT241
1373:VT240
1367:VT220
1362:VT180
1357:VT131
1352:VT105
1347:VT103
1342:VT102
1337:VT101
1331:VT100
1267:Other
1231:21068
1226:21066
1213:Alpha
1191:Rigel
934:(PDF)
820:(PDF)
748:(PDF)
592:Alpha
580:OSF/1
563:SunOS
512:Motif
410:Alpha
309:POSIX
264:PDP-7
216:OSF/1
2788:tvOS
2696:and
2510:PASE
2369:Hurd
2297:IRIX
2280:A/UX
2247:SUSE
2217:Arch
2152:tvOS
2027:and
2020:and
2018:Unix
1803:TU81
1788:RL02
1783:RK05
1778:RA90
1530:MICA
1473:OS/8
1326:VT62
1321:VT55
1309:GT40
1303:VT05
1203:NVAX
1179:CVAX
1169:V-11
1151:J-11
1146:T-11
1142:F-11
895:2022
828:2012
803:2022
756:2012
730:2015
722:BYTE
588:Mach
527:SCSI
446:SMTP
436:and
406:MIPS
329:4BSD
250:and
236:Unix
159:type
150:MIPS
130:1995
110:1984
103:1984
71:Unix
2813:PS4
2809:PS3
2773:iOS
2475:GNV
2400:QNX
2387:MOS
2364:GNU
2286:AIX
2137:iOS
2088:BSD
1498:IAS
1453:COS
1184:SOC
1161:VAX
599:Y2K
508:XUI
492:X10
438:SNA
382:LAT
355:V7m
345:IBM
327:'s
321:CPU
315:BSD
294:V7M
272:VMS
244:VAX
184:GUI
146:VAX
2979::
958:.
940:.
936:.
912:.
885:.
864:.
844:.
793:.
772:.
720:.
699:.
679:.
666:^
518:.
467:,
463:,
274:.
254:.
246:,
242:,
179:,
148:,
144:,
2815:/
2811:/
2617:e
2610:t
2603:v
2010:e
2003:t
1996:v
1244:)
1240:(
1120:,
1056:e
1049:t
1042:v
942:4
918:.
897:.
830:.
805:.
758:.
732:.
132:)
112:)
77:)
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61:C
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