203:
The action led to discussions on the NUM's threshold of a two-thirds majority for a national strike. Many argued that it was too high and that the 1969 action could have been handled better otherwise. There were further unofficial strikes in the militant collieries in 1970 after a ballot for national
192:
The
National Coal Board reorganised its regions in the year 1966–7 so that Yorkshire was split into four administrative areas. As the NUM kept the structure of one area for Yorkshire, a panel system developed for negotiation with the NCB, which gave greater opportunities for militant pits in certain
467:
In 1984 this tradition derived not from 1926, but from more recent unofficial disputes of 1969, 1970 and to some extent 1981. As the evidence in
Chapter 5 shows, the reaction in many parts of the Nottingham Area of the NUM to the 1984–85 strike was the same as it had been to the unofficial disputes
84:
led a group of
Yorkshire mineworkers in pushing for action at the Yorkshire NUM's area council. The president of the Yorkshire NUM, Sam Bullogh, was unwell at the time and ruled Scargill "out of order". The area council's delegates responded by voting Bullogh out of the chair and voted for a strike
58:
had fallen by almost 400,000 with little resistance from the NUM leadership, but the left wing of the union was becoming stronger and drawing strength from the students' protests. When miners staged a protest in London to support their wage claim, many
Londoners were surprised that there were still
71:
The cause was the hours of work for surface workers, who were often older mineworkers who were no longer capable of working underground. Wages were lower, and working hours were longer for surface work than for underground work. The annual conference of the NUM had voted in July 1968 to demand the
180:
The strike was seen by some as a turning point after which the NUM took a more militant approach, especially in the
Yorkshire area, where many of the officials were voted out and replaced with left-wingers. In his study of the Yorkshire NUM, Andrew Taylor gives five reasons why the Yorkshire area
164:
The NUM held a ballot that treated the wage offer and the deferment of the surface workers' issues as one package to be accepted: mineworkers were not given the option to accept the former but reject the latter. The package was accepted by 237,462 votes to 41,322. The
Yorkshire Area of the NUM
185:
As a large region, Yorkshire had always had some militant areas (e.g. around
Doncaster) but also areas that were opposed to militancy. The militant elements became more prominent in the late 1960s when the moderate leadership of the NUM had failed to win concessions from the first Wilson
42:, including all collieries in the Yorkshire area. The strike began on 13 October 1969 and lasted for roughly two weeks, with some pits returning to work before others. The NCB lost £15 million and 2.5 million tonnes of coal as a result of the strike.
119:
was picketed out, but only five pits in
Nottinghamshire were picketed out by the week ending on 24 October 1969. Nottinghamshire NUM officials complained of "hooliganism" from the flying pickets, and called for a police presence.
130:
Many of those on unofficial strike began to make demands for change in the leadership of the NUM, and they set up strike committees to bypass the official union bodies. The union had avoided making demands of
161:, the TUC general secretary, negotiated a return to work on the basis of the salary increase proposed by Robens but with the issue of working hours for surface workers unchanged pending future negotiations.
196:
Under the
National Power Loading Agreement, wages no longer varied from colliery to colliery so mineworkers were more likely to find a common cause to strike when there was discontent over pay.
1062:
211:, where he had previously organised a local strike in spring 1960 over the day that union meetings were held. He nicknamed the strike "the October revolution" (referencing the
204:
action achieved a majority for action of 55%, which was too low for the strike to be authorised. In 1971, the threshold for a majority for strike action was reduced to 55%.
782:
108:
were more conservative and became targeted by pickets from
Yorkshire when they did not respond to the strike call. That has been identified as the first widespread use of
1433:
172:, concluded that the mineworkers in the late 1960s had been overworked and underpaid under the National Power Loading Agreement of the first Wilson government.
1438:
1201:
1448:
1206:
775:
1050:
760:
199:
The area leaders in Yorkshire misjudged the mood of the mineworkers and failed to anticipate the disillusionment with the national leadership.
1458:
1241:
795:
51:
17:
1325:
768:
54:. Although that was not the cause of the dispute, it became essential to the settlement of the dispute. During the 1960s employment in
1260:
1211:
1423:
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1346:
1315:
1270:
1330:
1306:
1301:
1251:
791:
1291:
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514:
751:
1402:
1285:
1255:
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165:
recommended that the offer be rejected, but Yorkshire mineworkers voted to accept by 37,597 (72.3%) to 14,373 (27.6%).
124:
72:
surface workers' hours be lowered to seven-and-three-quarters, but the union's executive had not acted upon the vote.
1351:
1275:
1221:
1216:
1180:
736:
711:
686:
658:
633:
608:
575:"The Nottinghamshire miners, the Union of Democratic Mineworkers and the 1984–85 miners strike: scabs or scapegoats?"
554:
489:
452:"The Nottinghamshire miners, the Union of Democratic Mineworkers and the 1984–85 miners strike: scabs or scapegoats?"
426:"The Nottinghamshire miners, the Union of Democratic Mineworkers and the 1984–85 miners strike: scabs or scapegoats?"
403:
367:"The Nottinghamshire miners, the Union of Democratic Mineworkers and the 1984–85 miners strike: scabs or scapegoats?"
356:
304:
272:
189:
Pit closures in Yorkshire had been rare before the mid-1960s. They had a large psychological impact once they began.
1356:
1335:
1168:
1453:
1377:
1341:
1265:
139:, and it had been largely inactive during a period of widespread pit closures under the first Wilson government.
1196:
1103:
1079:
942:
936:
829:
790:
1226:
1174:
1085:
996:
972:
865:
853:
157:, proposed to resolve the dispute by conceding the wage claim of 27 shillings and 6 pence (£1.375) per week.
883:
344:
88:
Within 48 hours, all 70,000 mineworkers in Yorkshire were on strike. In other militant coalfields, such as
63:
was regarded by many within the union as having been too passive and accommodating of a Labour government.
1392:
1387:
1372:
1236:
1139:
1091:
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169:
1162:
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966:
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147:
918:
219:
218:
Scargill went on to play a key role in the 1972 strike, especially through organisation of the
215:) and said in 1975, "'69 was responsible for producing all the victories that were to come".
181:
aligned itself with the militant areas of Kent, Scotland and South Wales during the 1960s:
123:
The clashes were later highlighted as a foreboding of the aggressive picketing during the
8:
39:
529:
212:
207:
The strike was the first time that Scargill gained attention beyond his activities at
1008:
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132:
35:
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136:
50:
At the time of the strike, wage negotiations were underway between the NCB and the
1127:
889:
105:
81:
1397:
1032:
924:
823:
256:
679:
Pit Sense versus the State: A history of militant miners in the Doncaster area
507:
Pit Sense versus the State: A history of militant miners in the Doncaster area
333:. Overton, Yorkshire, UK: National Coal Mining Museum for England. p. 17.
1417:
1145:
1115:
264:
109:
150:, refused to undertake any housework until their husbands returned to work.
1109:
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of the past; they were seen as being unconstitutional and unauthorised.
154:
116:
101:
143:
97:
89:
100:, walkouts followed shortly afterwards. The coalfields of
59:
coal mines operating in Britain. The NUM leadership of
38:
that involved 140 of the 307 collieries owned by the
222:, and to lead the union through the 1984–5 strike.
672:
670:
396:When the Lights Went Out: Britain in the Seventies
324:
322:
320:
318:
316:
1415:
667:
313:
1439:National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)
1434:Miners' labour disputes in the United Kingdom
776:
498:
431:. University of Nottingham. pp. 248–250
419:
417:
415:
193:districts to go against the NUM leadership.
168:The Wilberforce Inquiry, which followed an
783:
769:
754:, Pierre-François Gouiffes (2009), page 35
568:
566:
372:. University of Nottingham. pp. 43–44
153:The Chairman of the NCB, former Labour MP
1449:October 1969 events in the United Kingdom
731:. London: HarperCollins. pp. 31–33.
726:
681:. London: Phoenic Press. pp. 11–12.
623:
544:
509:. London: Phoenic Press. pp. 10–13.
484:. London: HarperCollins. pp. 10–12.
479:
412:
398:. London: Faber & Faber. p. 70.
294:
255:
706:. London: Croom Helm. pp. 197–201.
676:
653:. London: Croom Helm. pp. 203–205.
504:
351:. London: Hamish Hamilton. p. 207.
328:
213:Soviet historical event of the same name
580:. University of Nottingham. p. 250
563:
457:. University of Nottingham. p. 320
390:
343:
14:
1416:
701:
648:
598:
540:
538:
764:
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628:. London: HarperCollins. p. 80.
549:. London: HarperCollins. p. 60.
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299:. London: HarperCollins. p. 59.
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251:
249:
247:
245:
243:
241:
239:
237:
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1459:Energy history of the United Kingdom
729:Scargill: the unauthorized biography
704:The Politics of the Yorkshire Miners
651:The Politics of the Yorkshire Miners
626:Scargill: the unauthorized biography
601:The Politics of the Yorkshire Miners
572:
547:Scargill: the unauthorized biography
482:Scargill: the unauthorized biography
449:
423:
364:
297:Scargill: the unauthorized biography
261:Scargill: the unauthorized biography
792:Miners' Federation of Great Britain
617:
603:. London: Croom Helm. p. 194.
535:
24:
281:
232:
32:1969 United Kingdom miners' strike
25:
1470:
530:Coal strike men to meet TUC chief
27:Unofficial strike in October 1969
752:Margaret Thatcher and the miners
331:Strike, not the end of the story
175:
1424:1969 labor disputes and strikes
745:
695:
642:
592:
523:
1444:Protests in the United Kingdom
443:
384:
337:
85:by a margin of 85 votes to 3.
13:
1:
1212:Colliery Officials and Staffs
796:National Union of Mineworkers
677:Douglass, David John (1994).
573:Amos, David (December 2011).
532:, October 1969, Rotherham Web
505:Douglass, David John (1994).
450:Amos, David (December 2011).
424:Amos, David (December 2011).
365:Amos, David (December 2011).
329:Douglass, David John (2005).
225:
52:National Union of Mineworkers
18:UK miners' strike (1969)
7:
10:
1475:
1429:1969 in the United Kingdom
45:
1365:
1189:
1154:
1071:
910:
803:
142:A group of housewives in
727:Routledge, Paul (1994).
624:Routledge, Paul (1994).
545:Routledge, Paul (1994).
480:Routledge, Paul (1994).
295:Routledge, Paul (1994).
148:West Riding of Yorkshire
66:
1242:Lancashire and Cheshire
702:Taylor, Andrew (1984).
649:Taylor, Andrew (1984).
599:Taylor, Andrew (1984).
170:official strike in 1972
1454:History of coal mining
220:Battle of Saltley Gate
135:governments since the
1331:Mid and West Lothian
1326:Mid and East Lothian
1190:Affiliates and areas
1261:North Staffordshire
1072:General Secretaries
40:National Coal Board
76:Sequence of events
1411:
1410:
516:978-0-948984-26-6
36:unofficial strike
16:(Redirected from
1466:
1347:South Derbyshire
1316:Fife and Kinross
1252:Midland Counties
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137:Second World War
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257:Routledge, Paul
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106:Nottinghamshire
82:Arthur Scargill
80:On 11 October,
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267:. p. 58.
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115:Most of north
110:flying pickets
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26:
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1256:Cannock Chase
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713:0-7099-2447-X
709:
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688:0-948984-26-0
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392:Beckett, Andy
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176:Impact on NUM
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125:1984–5 strike
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1281:Warwickshire
1133:
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1009:Collindridge
747:
728:
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703:
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678:
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619:
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582:. Retrieved
546:
525:
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481:
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459:. Retrieved
445:
433:. Retrieved
395:
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374:. Retrieved
348:
345:Gormley, Joe
339:
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49:
31:
29:
1352:South Wales
1321:Lanarkshire
1297:North Wales
1163:En. Edwards
1098:Eb. Edwards
961:Eb. Edwards
842:Eb. Edwards
818:En. Edwards
794:(MFGB) and
186:government.
159:Vic Feather
94:South Wales
61:Sidney Ford
56:coal mining
1418:Categories
1276:Shropshire
1222:Derbyshire
1217:Cumberland
1181:Richardson
1155:Treasurers
1122:Heathfield
804:Presidents
263:. London:
226:References
155:Alf Robens
117:Derbyshire
102:Derbyshire
1403:1984–1985
1357:Yorkshire
1202:Cleveland
1021:Schofield
144:Wakefield
1342:Somerset
1336:Stirling
1311:Ayrshire
1307:Scotland
1266:Old Hill
1128:Scargill
1033:Thompson
1015:Bullough
1003:T. Jones
997:E. Jones
973:J. Jones
955:Richards
890:Scargill
866:E. Jones
854:J. Jones
836:Richards
394:(2009).
347:(1982).
259:(1994).
98:Scotland
1366:Strikes
1271:Pelsall
1207:Cokemen
1197:Bristol
1169:Abraham
1146:Kitchen
1134:Vacant?
1110:Paynter
1051:Stanley
1027:McGahey
985:Lawther
925:Smillie
884:Gormley
860:Lawther
824:Smillie
812:Pickard
584:19 July
461:19 July
435:19 July
376:19 July
46:Context
34:was an
1227:Durham
1175:Robson
1104:Horner
1086:Hodges
1080:Ashton
1063:Thomas
1057:Wilson
1039:Vacant
991:Bowman
979:Davies
931:Harvey
902:Wilson
896:Lavery
872:Machen
735:
710:
685:
657:
632:
607:
553:
513:
488:
402:
355:
303:
271:
133:Labour
1179:1921
1173:1918
1167:1904
1161:1889
1144:2007
1138:2002
1132:1992
1126:1992
1120:1984
1114:1968
1108:1959
1102:1946
1096:1932
1090:1924
1084:1919
1078:1889
1061:2012
1055:2010
1049:2002
1043:1992
1037:1989
1031:1987
1025:1973
1019:1969
1013:1963
1007:1961
1001:1954
995:1950
989:1939
983:1934
977:1933
971:1932
965:1931
959:1929
953:1924
949:Walsh
947:1922
943:Smith
941:1917
937:House
935:1914
929:1912
923:1909
919:Woods
917:1889
900:2012
894:2002
888:1982
882:1971
876:1960
870:1960
864:1954
858:1939
852:1934
846:1932
840:1931
834:1929
830:Smith
828:1922
822:1912
816:1904
810:1889
798:(NUM)
578:(PDF)
455:(PDF)
429:(PDF)
370:(PDF)
67:Cause
1398:1974
1393:1972
1388:1969
1383:1926
1378:1912
1373:1893
1237:Kent
1140:Kemp
1116:Daly
1092:Cook
1045:Cave
878:Ford
733:ISBN
708:ISBN
683:ISBN
655:ISBN
630:ISBN
605:ISBN
586:2015
551:ISBN
511:ISBN
486:ISBN
463:2015
437:2015
400:ISBN
378:2015
353:ISBN
301:ISBN
269:ISBN
104:and
96:and
90:Kent
30:The
967:Lee
848:Lee
363:in
1420::
669:^
565:^
537:^
465:.
414:^
315:^
283:^
234:^
146:,
127:.
112:.
92:,
1338:)
1309:(
1288:)
1254:(
784:e
777:t
770:v
741:.
716:.
691:.
663:.
638:.
613:.
588:.
559:.
519:.
494:.
439:.
408:.
380:.
361:.
309:.
277:.
20:)
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