1311:, the District Court held that "federal courts should not interfere with an amateur sports organization's disciplinary procedures unless the organization shows wanton disregard for its rules, to the immediate and irreparable harm of a plaintiff, where the plaintiff has no other available remedy." The lawsuit was ultimately dismissed. On August 23, 2012; Armstrong announced he would not take part in arbitration. While he maintained his innocence, he contended that he could not take part in a "one-sided and unfair" process. In response, Armstong was given a life ban by USADA from competing in any sport that uses the World Anti-Doping Code, effectively ending his competitive career. He was also stripped of his seven Tour de France titles from 1999 to 2005.
1334:(USPS Team) ran the most sophisticated, professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen. The evidence of the USPS Team-run scheme is overwhelming and is in excess of 1000 pages, and includes sworn testimony from 26 people, including 15 riders with knowledge of the USPS Team and its participants' doping activities. The evidence also includes direct documentary evidence including financial payments, emails, scientific data and laboratory test results that further prove the use, possession and distribution of performance enhancing drugs by Lance Armstrong and confirm the disappointing truth about the deceptive activities of the USPS Team, a team that received tens of millions of American taxpayer dollars in funding.
38:
2876:
227:
1554:
260:
265:
1355:
1540:
1198:
claims to be an important promoter of other positive values associated with sport (sportsmanship, respect, teamwork.) In March 2011, USADA released a research report titled "What Sport Means in
America: A Study of Sports Role In Society". The report aimed to measure the value of sport in American society and attitudes about the importance of protecting sport's integrity.
879:
major adjustments made to the Code by USADA included reducing the standard of proof required in doping-related adjudication. Before modifications, the standard of proof was equal to that required in a United States court of law. After modification, USADA reduced the standard required to establish a doping violation to "comfortable satisfaction of a hearing body".
1315:
of limitations for doping offenses had long since expired, USADA replied that the statute of limitations for doping offenses did not apply because of
Armstrong's "fraudulent concealment" of his doping. Longstanding precedent in U.S. law holds that the statute of limitations does not apply in cases of fraudulent conduct by a defendant.
930:, etc.), the agency is responsible for managing anti-doping programs, including testing and results management, for each sport's athletes and events throughout the year. Despite its name and status as the country's official anti-doping organization, USADA is a private organization and not subject to government oversight.
939:
five
International Standards, which aim to foster consistency among anti-doping organizations in: testing; laboratories; therapeutic use exemptions; the list of prohibited substances and methods; and the protection of privacy and personal information. The Code's International Standards are as follows:
1302:
The
District Court found, that as a member of USA Cycling, Armstrong was thereby beholden to the USADA Protocol, which required that all contested charges of doping be tried through NAS and CAS arbitration. In its decision, the District Court noted that other federal courts have held similar, limited
1226:
USADA's UFC Anti-Doping
Program began testing athletes both in and out-of-competition at increasing rates. In the first 18 months of the Program, more than 2,000 tests were completed. The Program's testing pool has also grown to include around 550 athletes worldwide, with tests collected in nearly 20
1206:
USADA created an online resource designed to provide athletes with the best possible information to evaluate the risks associated with the use of supplements. On
Supplement411.org there is information to help athletes realize that risk exists, recognize risk when they see it, and reduce their risk of
1188:
Since 2009, the majority of anti-doping research activities previously undertaken by USADA has been assumed by the
Partnership for Clean Competition. The Partnership for Clean Competition (PCC) was founded in 2008 by the U.S. Olympic Committee, the National Football League, Major League Baseball, and
1075:
In compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code and relevant international standards, USADA is charged with handling the results management and adjudication process for U.S. athletes in
Olympic, Paralympic, Pan American and ParaPan American Sport. This independent results management process removes the
938:
USADA is responsible for implementation of the World Anti-Doping Agency's Code (Code) in the United States. The Code is the core document that harmonizes anti-doping policies, rules, and regulations within sport organizations and among public authorities around the world. It works in conjunction with
1521:
accused the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) of having permitted athletes caught doping to compete as undercover agents in order to identify other drug cheats. WADA stated that it discovered at least three cases of athletes who had violated anti-doping rules and were permitted to compete for
1290:
with an anti-doping rule violation. The charges followed a dropped federal investigation involving charges relating to
Armstrong's time on the US Postal Service professional cycling team (1998–2004). Armstrong sued USADA claiming that USADA did not have jurisdiction to bring a case forward, and that
1118:
When evidence meeting one or more of the above violations is found, an independent anti-doping review board will make the recommendation whether USADA should move forward with a sanction. Athletes can either accept or challenge the sanction through an established legal process. In the United States,
1113:
Association by an athlete or other person subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping
Organization in a professional or sport-related capacity with any athlete support person who is serving a period of ineligibility related to one of the above ADRVs; and/or has been convicted outside of sport to have
1024:
USADA maintains a group of elite athletes as part of its registered testing pool (RTP). Consistent with the WADA Code, athletes in this pool are subject to strict whereabouts requirements in which they must inform the organization of their whereabouts (specific locations) at all times so they can be
1314:
A month later, USADA released a 200-page "reasoned decision" in accordance with WADA protocol. It named Armstrong as the ringleader of "the most sophisticated, professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen." In response to Armstrong's argument that the eight-year statute
1059:
USADA's sample collection process is also consistent with the WADA IST and tests are conducted by doping control officers (DCOs), who are employed and extensively trained by USADA. For tests in which blood is collected, USADA contracts trained phlebotomists who work in conjunction with a USADA DCO.
1011:
Is a United States athlete or foreign athlete present in the United States who is serving a period of Ineligibility on account of an anti-doping rule violation and who has not given prior written notice of retirement from all sanctioned competition to the applicable NGB and USADA, or the applicable
878:
In October 1999, the USOC launched USADA and operations began on October 1, 2000. In 2003, one of USADA's first major undertakings was the revision of the then-current United States anti-doping policies in order to bring them into compliance with the newly adopted World Anti-Doping Code. One of the
1262:
to the USADA testing pool after withdrawing from testing in 2022 after sustaining a severe injury. In the statement released by USADA, CEO Travis Tygart stated that " been clear and firm with the UFC that there should be no exception given by the UFC for McGregor to fight until he has returned two
1197:
USADA focuses on deterring the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport through education efforts that are targeted at elite-level athletes, as well as other levels of sport, youth athletes, and the general public. In addition to topics surrounding performance-enhancing drug use in sport, USADA
986:
The USADA Protocol for Olympic and Paralympic Movement Testing outlines the organization's testing program and is consistent with the WADA Code and International Standard for Testing. USADA collects both blood and urine samples during in-competition and out-of-competition tests, which can occur at
1166:
Athletes subject to testing by USADA have access to a number of resources designed to help athletes understand prohibited substances and if specific medications are prohibited according to the WADA prohibited List. In addition to a drug reference phone line, where athletes can speak to an expert,
1230:
On September 28, 2018, it was reported that UFC and USADA would no longer immediately announce potential doping violations within the UFC roster. Instead, all fighters would be given the opportunity of an adjudication process before an announcement of the potential violation. This agreement came
1222:
To familiarize athletes to the program, the UFC and USADA launched a joint education campaign, meeting athletes for in-person education sessions at gyms and events around the world. By the end of 2016, the Program had hosted at least 25 in-person education seminars internationally. Athletes were
890:
to rejoin the UFC's roster following a period of absence from USADA's athlete testing pool, USADA announced that they would not renew their contract with the UFC. The deal between USADA and the UFC is set to expire in 2024, after which the UFC's roster will no longer be subject to USADA testing.
1184:
In the years 2001-2009, USADA budgeted $ 2 million per year to support research that advanced the deterrence and detection of performance-enhancing drugs in sport. USADA supported research in a variety of areas, including anabolic steroids, growth hormone, oxygen transport-enhancing substances,
1067:. In the United States there are only two WADA-accredited labs: the UCLA Olympic Analytical Laboratory in Los Angeles, CA., and the Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory (SMRTL) in Salt Lake City, Utah. WADA accredited labs comply with the WADA International Standard for Laboratories.
1079:
Results management involves processing and communicating the results of drug tests, as well as the adjudication of potential anti-doping rule violations (ADRVs), which can be the result of a positive drug test or an investigation. According to the Code, an ADRV consists of the following:
1106:
Administration or attempted administration to any athlete in-competition of any prohibited substance or prohibited method, or administration or attempted administration to any athlete out-of-competition of any prohibited substance or any prohibited method that is prohibited
1020:
USADA does testing for International Federations (IFs), other National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADOs), and the World Anti-Doping Agency. USADA does not test at the Olympic Games. The Local Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games and WADA oversee testing at the Games.
1171:(UKAD), and the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES) to provide the Global Drug Reference Online (GlobalDRO) tool. The tool allows athletes to search for the prohibited or not-prohibited status of a medication, by brand or generic drug name, as well as ingredients.
1157:
Sanctions have ranged from public warnings or time served for completing education (often the case for marijuana offenses), to life-time bans for repeated or particularly egregious cases. USADA maintains a sanctions list of all sanctioned athletes on its website.
1096:
Any combination of three missed tests and/or filing failures, as defined in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, within a 12-month period by an athlete in a Registered Testing Pool * Tampering or attempted tampering with any part of doping
990:
The United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee (USOPC), USOPC-recognized National Governing Bodies for sport (NGBs), and the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) Code have authorized USADA to test and adjudicate anti-doping rule violations for any athlete who:
1055:
Even though testing may be described as random, the term "random" is inaccurate, as USADA uses various factors to strategically plan when and where they test athletes. High-profile or elite athletes are tested significantly more frequently than others.
1028:
USADA determines its test distribution plan (TDP) or the determination of who, when, and where the organization tests through a combination of many factors that are consistent with the WADA IST. Factors for determining tests may include:
1025:
located for no-notice testing. Critics of WADA Code whereabouts requirements have criticized the requirement as overly strict, while proponents claim the requirement ensure athletes cannot evade tests and take advantage of testing gaps.
1015:
Is being tested by USADA under authorization from the USOPC, an NGB, IF, any NADO, WADA, the International Olympic Committee ("IOC"), the International Paralympic Committee ("IPC") or the organizing committee of any Event or
1257:
In October 2023, USADA announced that they would no longer oversee the UFC's anti-doping program once their contract with the company ends in December 2023. The announcement coincided with the return of prolific UFC fighter
1007:
Has been named by the USOPC or an NGB to an international team or who is included in the USADA Registered Testing Pool ("USADA RTP") or is competing in a qualifying event to represent the USOPC or NGB in international
2763:
1124:
663:
987:
any time, at any location, and without advance notice. Comprehensive, no-notice testing programs like USADA's that are consistent with the WADA Code have often been referred to as Olympic style drug testing.
1004:
Has given his/her consent to testing by USADA or who has submitted a Whereabouts Filing to USADA or an IF within the previous 12 months and has not given his or her NGB and USADA written notice of retirement
2635:"Lance Armstrong Receives Lifetime Ban And Disqualification Of Competitive Results For Doping Violations Stemming From His Involvement In The United States Postal Service Pro-Cycling Team Doping Conspiracy"
1110:
Complicity: Assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, conspiring, covering up, or any other type of intentional complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation, or attempted anti-doping rule violation
1915:
1263:
negative tests and been in the pool for at least six months.", confirming speculation surrounding the involvement of McGregor's UFC-roster eligibility in the split between USADA and the UFC.
1243:
were flagged for potential doping violations, but later had their respective punishments dismissed after it was found that the fighters had unintentionally consumed, or otherwise injested,
998:
Is participating at an Event or Competition sanctioned by the USOPC or an NGB or participating at an Event or Competition in the United States sanctioned by an International Federation (IF)
2788:
2168:
1858:
668:
2591:
1296:
1093:
Violation of applicable requirements regarding athlete availability for out-of-competition testing, including failure to file required whereabouts information and missed tests
1526:(CHINADA) strongly urged that an independent investigation be conducted into the matter. On 8 September 2024, WADA confirmed it has begun a compliance review of USADA.
2906:
1318:
Based on evidence received during the Armstrong investigation and its prosecutions, USADA forwarded its "reasoned decision" document and supporting information to the
1450:
In the summer of 2003, USADA investigators received a syringe with trace amounts of a mysterious substance and launched their own investigation. The syringe went to
914:) manage the anti-doping functions of their own sports. As a result of USADA's ongoing multi-year contracts with the USOPC and the sport national governing bodies (
653:
1978:
886:
to act as an anti-doping authority within the organization, with the partnership beginning in 2015. However, during a publicized dispute over the eligibility of
2616:
1927:
822:, which harmonizes anti-doping practices around the world, and is widely considered the basis for the strongest and strictest anti-doping programs to prevent
2896:
2286:. UK Anti-Doping (UKAD), the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES), Anti-Doping Switzerland (ADCH) and the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA). n.d
964:(ISTUE) – The approval process for allowing athletes to obtain exemptions for prohibited substances when a legitimate medical reason exists;
2004:
2911:
1376:
756:
1805:
857:
71:
2514:
1063:
In accordance with the WADA International Standard for Laboratories, all samples are analyzed at laboratories that have been accredited by the
850:
643:
2176:
1303:
views on the role that federal courts should play regarding eligibility and arbitration issues within Olympic sports. Echoing the holdings of
810:, the USADA provides education, leads scientific initiatives, conducts testing, and oversees the results management process. Headquartered in
1277:
558:
2584:
2901:
2402:
489:
2430:
1579:
2719:
2656:
1800:
1737:
696:
1454:, MD, the founder and then-director of the UCLA Olympic Analytical Laboratory, who had developed a testing process for the substance,
494:
701:
17:
1952:
1801:"Playing Fair: Why the United States Anti-Doping Agency 's Performance-Enhanced Adjudications Should Be Treated As State Action"
849:(ONDCP), with its remaining budget generated from contracts for anti-doping services with sport organizations, most notably the
2456:
1574:
1509:, which he admitted to using. Blood doping was not commonly tested for in the UFC by that point, making this a milestone case.
846:
658:
1827:
2851:
749:
370:
2738:
860:, the first global international treaty against doping in sport, and largely relies on USADA to carry out this commitment.
1648:
2891:
2815:
1331:
484:
280:
2112:
1675:
2620:
1402:
778:
628:
468:
464:
460:
1384:
894:
Currently, USADA's status and independence from the USOPC contrasts the norm in sport in the United States, as most
1697:
1416:
1120:
742:
1076:
inherent conflict of interest associated with sport organizations trying to both promote and police their sports.
975:
927:
907:
807:
648:
633:
2697:"Statement from USADA CEO Travis T. Tygart Regarding the U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Doping Conspiracy"
570:
1380:
1216:
1128:
883:
499:
89:
1859:"UFC, USADA parting ways in 2024; USADA claims relationship became 'untenable' over Conor McGregor situation"
623:
2543:
2485:
1319:
691:
456:
1569:
1323:
1281:
803:
711:
638:
582:
563:
519:
451:
1244:
811:
716:
124:
1714:
1219:(UFC) Anti-Doping Program became the first independent anti-doping program in major fighting sports.
970:(ISPPPI) – Privacy protections when collecting and using athlete personal information.
706:
2793:
2172:
2008:
1982:
1956:
1923:
1888:
1777:
1523:
1518:
1365:
1254:
use except in extreme cases where clear signs of intoxication were present at the time of a fight.
1064:
903:
686:
592:
529:
360:
340:
178:
140:
1601:
978:(IOC) required that all Olympic sports adopt the World Anti-Doping Code prior to August 13, 2004.
2549:
2491:
1501:
voluntarily relinquished his title, after adverse findings in a USADA test before his fight with
1436:
1369:
958:(ISL) – Standard for the caliber of laboratories that can process athlete samples;
867:
243:
158:
1458:(THG). He tested 550 existing samples from athletes, of which 20 proved to be positive for THG.
1299:
found sufficiency within USA Cycling's agreement with the USOC to adhere to the USADA Protocol.
845:
sport in the United States." While USADA is not a government entity, it is partly funded by the
1420:
911:
830:
819:
791:
509:
81:
2253:
2033:
1033:
Physical demands of the sport and possible performance-enhancing effect that doping may elicit
1482:
1207:
testing positive or experiencing harmful health effects from the use of dietary supplements.
899:
474:
2667:
1884:
1744:
2142:
1559:
1455:
1444:
915:
380:
2739:"WADA, USADA clash over American agency's use of 'undercover agents' to catch drug cheats"
8:
1653:
1447:
undetected from 1988 until 2002, when the official federal investigation of BALCO began.
403:
2875:
226:
37:
2634:
2519:
1486:
1084:
Presence of a prohibited substance or its metabolites or markers in an athlete's sample
895:
838:
602:
587:
576:
2353:
2847:
1424:
1232:
1103:
Trafficking or attempted trafficking of any prohibited substance or prohibited method
549:
305:
300:
2720:"With the Summer Olympics in full swing, sports anti-doping agencies escalate feud"
2227:
1250:
In January 2021, USADA announced that UFC fighters would no longer be punished for
1087:
Use or attempted use by an athlete of a prohibited substance or a prohibited method
842:
788:
514:
428:
365:
330:
295:
2379:
1769:
2612:
1287:
1251:
823:
795:
597:
535:
504:
398:
251:
150:
2198:
1161:
2789:"Paris Olympics: Chinada wants more testing of US athletes after Knighton case"
2657:"Report on proceedings under the World Anti-Doping Code and the USADA Protocol"
2005:"International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information"
1506:
1470:
1440:
1432:
1259:
1168:
887:
721:
524:
408:
355:
2885:
2692:
2085:
1478:
863:
834:
799:
542:
479:
418:
164:
1828:"Conor McGregor back in testing pool but USADA says it's splitting with UFC"
2407:
1863:
1545:
1522:
years while serving as undercover agents for USADA. On August 8, 2024, the
1502:
1498:
1462:
1428:
1236:
923:
285:
946: – Outlines the substances and methods prohibited in sport;
1466:
1240:
1189:
the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency as a Washington D.C. non-profit corporation.
968:
International Standard for Protection of Privacy and Personal Information
919:
433:
345:
310:
290:
190:
2764:"USA admits to bombshell doping tactics: Cheats who turn rat are hidden"
2696:
2585:"Armstrong v. United States Anti-Doping Agency and Travis Tygart: Order"
1051:
Resources aimed at the detection of doping may be specifically targeted.
2580:
2461:
1474:
1451:
375:
2540:
1291:
if forced to arbitrate his case, he would not receive due process. In
995:
Is a member or license holder of a sport National Governing Body (NGB)
802:. To protect clean competition and the integrity of sport and prevent
259:
423:
413:
350:
335:
320:
2666:. United States Anti-Doping Agency. October 10, 2012. Archived from
1354:
952:(ISTI) – test planning and sample collection process;
264:
2327:
815:
325:
315:
172:
128:
2637:(Press release). United States Anti-Doping Agency. August 24, 2012
2063:
1223:
additionally provided access to anti-doping resources via USADA.
2816:"WADA Confirms Launch of Independent Compliance Review of USADA"
2482:
2431:"USADA 'essentially' eliminating marijuana use as UFC violation"
2305:
1147:
An ineligibility period that may vary according to circumstances
1138:
Disqualification of results in a particular competition or event
2844:
What Sport Means in America: A Study of Sport's Role in Society
1293:
Armstrong v. United States Anti-Doping Agency and Travis Tygart
854:
2592:
United States District Court for the Western District of Texas
2457:"Dana White confirms Conor McGregor not in USADA testing pool"
27:
National anti-doping organization (NADO) for the United States
1668:
1626:
1185:
genetic doping, ethics, and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry.
1162:
Drug Reference Resources and Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUE)
2279:
1090:
Evading, refusing, or failing to submit to sample collection
2403:"UFC changes policy on when it announces failed drug tests"
1100:
Possession of a prohibited substance or a prohibited method
2869:
2664:
Reasoned decision of the United States Anti-Doping Agency
2120:
1134:
Sanctions normally include one or more of the following:
217:
2842:
Boxill, Jan; Glanville, Doug; Murray, Thomas H. (2011).
2544:"Judge Dismisses Armstrong Suit to Block Doping Charges"
1167:
USADA has partnered with Antidoping Switzerland (ADCH),
1001:
Is a foreign athlete who is present in the United States
1979:"International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions"
1916:"International Standard for Testing and Investigations"
1435:
and distributed them with the help of personal trainer
1305:
Slaney v. The International Amateur Athletic Federation
1153:
Name and offense listed on USADA's website indefinitely
1012:
foreign anti-doping agency or foreign sport association
2541:
Albergotti, Reed; O'Connell, Vanessa (July 10, 2012).
2034:"Protocol for Olympic and Paralympic Movement Testing"
1119:
athletes can take a case before an arbitration panel (
2841:
1505:. The test showed that Dillashaw tested positive for
1489:
were subsequently incriminated in the investigation.
1045:
Training periods and the competition calendar, season
962:
International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions
950:
International Standard for Testing and Investigations
779:
1535:
1114:
engaged in conduct that would be considered an ADRV.
1042:
The history of doping in the sport and/or discipline
1247:(usually in the form of contaminated supplements).
2542:
2484:
2483:United States Anti-Doping Agency (June 14, 2012).
1743:. United States Anti-Doping Agency. Archived from
1607:. United States Anti-Doping Agency. March 24, 2017
2907:Organizations based in Colorado Springs, Colorado
2699:(Press release). United States Anti-Doping Agency
2515:"Inquiry on Lance Armstrong Ends With No Charges"
1806:Washington University Journal of Law & Policy
1330:... the evidence shows beyond any doubt that the
1048:Information received on possible doping practices
853:(USOPC). The United States has also ratified the
2883:
2617:"Lance Armstrong's Statement of August 23, 2012"
858:International Convention against Doping in Sport
2611:
1427:to professional athletes. BALCO was founded by
1295:, Armstrong lost his battle with USADA, as the
2691:
1798:
1431:, who sourced the drugs from Illinois chemist
851:United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee
644:Doping at the World Championships in Athletics
1278:History of Lance Armstrong doping allegations
1125:North American Court of Arbitration for Sport
750:
2897:Sports governing bodies in the United States
2455:King, Nolan; Bohn, Mike (October 22, 2022).
2380:"Supplement 411: Realise, Recognize, Reduce"
2222:
2220:
2161:
1286:In June 2012, USADA charged retired cyclist
1215:At the time of its launch in June 2015, the
1141:Forfeiture of any medals, points, and prizes
2579:
2512:
2028:
2026:
1580:Use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport
1383:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2874:
2486:"USADA Charging Letter to Lance Armstrong"
2058:
2056:
2054:
1792:
1309:Harding v. U.S. Figure Skating Association
1231:after several cases of fighters including
1210:
757:
743:
697:List of national anti-doping organizations
654:Stripped European Athletics C'ships medals
225:
36:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2217:
2113:"Whereabouts: What's the inside verdict?"
1953:"International Standard for Laboratories"
1678:. ESPN. Associated Press. August 24, 2011
1497:In April 2019, UFC bantamweight champion
1403:Learn how and when to remove this message
1192:
933:
2912:1999 establishments in the United States
2454:
2428:
2400:
2382:. United States Anti-Doping Agency. 2014
2260:. United States Anti-Doping Agency. 2014
2234:. United States Anti-Doping Agency. 2014
2205:. United States Anti-Doping Agency. 2014
2169:"WADA Accredited Laboratories: Americas"
2149:. United States Anti-Doping Agency. 2014
2092:. United States Anti-Doping Agency. 2014
2066:. United States Anti-Doping Agency. 2014
2039:. United States Anti-Doping Agency. 2014
2023:
1596:
1594:
1339:Travis Tygart, CEO, USADA, October 2012.
1322:, the World Anti-Doping Agency, and the
833:as "the official anti-doping agency for
2813:
2761:
2110:
2051:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1266:
1179:
956:International Standard for Laboratories
702:Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority
14:
2884:
2786:
2736:
2564:
1947:
1945:
1856:
1649:"A Sports Fan's Guide to Drug Testing"
1575:List of drugs banned from the Olympics
1439:. Together, they sold substances like
1344:
882:Notably, USADA were contracted by the
847:Office of National Drug Control Policy
106:Preserve the integrity of competition;
2401:Raimondi, Marc (September 29, 2018).
1852:
1850:
1848:
1822:
1820:
1591:
1512:
1070:
829:In 2001, USADA was recognized by the
2780:
2755:
2730:
2717:
2354:"USADA study addresses view on PEDs"
1903:
1381:adding citations to reliable sources
1348:
1144:Team disqualification and forfeiture
1036:Available doping analysis statistics
2902:Drugs in sport in the United States
2429:Raimondi, Marc (January 14, 2021).
1942:
1926:. September 6, 2016. Archived from
1676:"NFL, union meet about HGH testing"
1641:
1039:Available research on doping trends
794:organization and the national anti-
490:U of South Carolina steroid scandal
24:
2835:
2360:. Associated Press. March 15, 2011
2308:. United States Anti-Doping Agency
1845:
1817:
1629:. United States Anti-Doping Agency
1332:US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team
1271:
669:MLB players in the Mitchell Report
485:Clemson University steroid scandal
25:
2923:
2861:
2332:Partnership for Clean Competition
1698:"Public Law 107–67 - Section 644"
1174:
1127:) and make a final appeal to the
2513:Austen, Ian (February 3, 2012).
1552:
1538:
1461:A number of athletes, including
1417:Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative
1353:
1121:American Arbitration Association
771:United States Anti-Doping Agency
727:United States Anti-Doping Agency
664:MLB players suspended for doping
263:
258:
31:United States Anti-Doping Agency
2807:
2711:
2685:
2649:
2627:
2619:(Press release). Archived from
2605:
2534:
2506:
2476:
2448:
2422:
2394:
2372:
2346:
2320:
2298:
2272:
2246:
2191:
2135:
2104:
2078:
1997:
1971:
1877:
1492:
976:International Olympic Committee
870:of USADA since September 2007.
808:performance-enhancing substance
72:United States Olympic Committee
2814:Kaufman, Sophie (2024-09-08).
2280:"Global Drug Reference Online"
2086:"Whereabouts Responsibilities"
1762:
1730:
1707:
1690:
1619:
1217:Ultimate Fighting Championship
1201:
1129:Court of Arbitration for Sport
818:, USADA is a signatory to the
659:Drugs banned from the Olympics
112:Protect the rights of athletes
13:
1:
2718:Mann, Brian (8 August 2024).
2111:Fordyce, Tom (July 7, 2011).
1585:
2787:Chuqin, Jiang (2024-08-08).
1857:Martin, Damon (2023-10-11).
1715:"Annual Report, 2006, USADA"
1320:Union Cycliste International
798:organization (NADO) for the
692:International Testing Agency
7:
2846:. U.S. Anti-Doping Agency.
2762:Bednall, Jai (2024-08-08).
2737:Bosher, Luke (2024-08-08).
2254:"Drug Reference Phone Line"
2143:"Sample Collection Process"
1570:Doping in the United States
1529:
1324:World Triathlon Corporation
1282:Lance Armstrong doping case
804:doping in the United States
712:National Anti-Doping Agency
639:Doping at the Olympic Games
583:Doping in American football
419:Performance-enhancing drugs
10:
2928:
1275:
1245:performance enhancing drug
981:
873:
717:Russian Anti-Doping Agency
2892:Anti-doping organizations
1920:World Anti-Doping Program
1477:, middle distance runner
707:French Anti-Doping Agency
233:
212:
196:
184:
170:
156:
146:
134:
119:
99:
87:
77:
67:
56:October 1, 2000
52:
44:
35:
2794:South China Morning Post
2173:World Anti-Doping Agency
2009:World Anti-Doping Agency
1983:World Anti-Doping Agency
1957:World Anti-Doping Agency
1924:World Anti-Doping Agency
1889:World Anti-Doping Agency
1778:World Anti-Doping Agency
1524:China Anti-Doping Agency
1519:World Anti-Doping Agency
1065:World Anti-Doping Agency
687:World Anti-Doping Agency
593:Barry Bonds perjury case
341:Beta2-adrenergic agonist
141:United States of America
123:5555 Tech Center Drive,
2601:– via Justia.com.
2550:The Wall Street Journal
2492:The Wall Street Journal
1738:"USADA Leadership Bios"
1423:business that supplied
1211:UFC Anti-Doping Program
868:chief executive officer
649:Stripped Olympic medals
588:Steroid use in baseball
159:Chief executive officer
18:U.S. Anti-Doping Agency
2175:. 2018. Archived from
1517:On 7 August 2024, the
1481:, and hammer throwers
1421:San Francisco Bay Area
1342:
1326:. USADA claimed that:
1193:Education and outreach
934:World Anti-Doping Code
820:World Anti-Doping Code
559:History of allegations
2623:on December 13, 2012.
1885:"The Prohibited List"
1832:Associated Press News
1328:
916:USA Track & Field
2695:(October 10, 2012).
1560:United States portal
1456:tetrahydrogestrinone
1445:human growth hormone
1377:improve this section
1267:Notable prosecutions
1180:Science and research
944:WADA Prohibited List
617:Doping-related lists
500:Association Football
381:Tetrahydrogestrinone
361:Human growth hormone
275:Substances and types
2673:on October 29, 2012
2615:(August 23, 2012).
2583:(August 20, 2012).
2011:. February 20, 2014
1985:. December 10, 2015
1799:McCaffrey, Paul C.
1657:. November 12, 2009
1654:Wall Street Journal
1469:, British sprinter
1345:BALCO investigation
1150:Public announcement
787:) is a non-profit,
404:Biological passport
109:Inspire true sport;
32:
2520:The New York Times
1930:on October 7, 2015
1513:Conflict with WADA
1107:out-of-competition
1071:Results management
896:professional sport
681:Anti-doping bodies
603:Biogenesis scandal
577:Operation Aderlass
30:
2853:978-0-615-45077-3
2199:"Anti-Doping 101"
2179:on April 18, 2021
1425:anabolic steroids
1413:
1412:
1405:
1233:Junior dos Santos
767:
766:
550:L.A. Confidentiel
530:Floyd Landis case
306:Technology doping
301:Mechanical doping
281:Anabolic steroids
237:
236:
208:19.7 million
16:(Redirected from
2919:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2870:Official website
2857:
2830:
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2313:
2306:"USADA Research"
2302:
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2293:
2291:
2276:
2270:
2269:
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2250:
2244:
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2239:
2232:Testing: Results
2224:
2215:
2214:
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2210:
2195:
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2184:
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2016:
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1542:
1541:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1357:
1349:
1340:
812:Colorado Springs
789:non-governmental
783:
759:
752:
745:
622:Doping cases in
571:Operación Puerto
555:Lance Armstrong
429:Stem cell doping
366:Methylhexanamine
331:Stem cell doping
296:Stem cell doping
267:
262:
239:
238:
229:
224:
221:
219:
207:
201:
125:Colorado Springs
63:
61:
40:
33:
29:
21:
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2917:
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2864:
2854:
2838:
2836:Further reading
2833:
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2633:
2632:
2628:
2613:Armstong, Lance
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1625:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1602:"Annual Report"
1600:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1566:
1565:
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1532:
1515:
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1409:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1374:
1358:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1288:Lance Armstrong
1284:
1274:
1272:Lance Armstrong
1269:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1182:
1177:
1164:
1073:
984:
936:
898:organizations (
876:
824:doping in sport
781:
763:
734:
733:
682:
674:
673:
618:
610:
609:
598:Mitchell Report
536:Game of Shadows
447:
439:
438:
399:Abortion doping
394:
386:
385:
276:
268:
252:Doping in sport
216:
205:
202:
199:
187:
175:
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151:Doping in sport
137:
115:
92:
59:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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5:
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2879:
2863:
2862:External links
2860:
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2729:
2710:
2693:Tygart, Travis
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1959:. June 2, 2016
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1473:, shot putter
1471:Dwain Chambers
1441:erythropoietin
1433:Patrick Arnold
1419:(BALCO) was a
1411:
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1361:
1359:
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1297:District Court
1273:
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1260:Conor McGregor
1212:
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1175:Other programs
1173:
1169:UK Anti-Doping
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888:Conor McGregor
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722:UK Anti-Doping
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457:Tour de France
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2414:September 29,
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2035:
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2010:
2006:
2000:
1984:
1980:
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1954:
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1911:
1909:
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1795:
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1771:
1765:
1750:on 4 May 2012
1746:
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1733:
1716:
1710:
1699:
1693:
1677:
1671:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1628:
1627:"About USADA"
1622:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
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1527:
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1500:
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1487:Melissa Price
1484:
1480:
1479:Regina Jacobs
1476:
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1468:
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1457:
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1446:
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1437:Greg Anderson
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1426:
1422:
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1367:
1362:This section
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2328:"Home page"
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2800:2024-08-09
2773:2024-08-09
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796:doping
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