107:
746:
276:
return fugitives was part of many treaties made at the time, so possibly the harbouring of fugitives by Isuwa formed the pretext for the
Hittite invasion. A Hittite army crossed the border, entered Isuwa and returned the fugitives (or deserters or exile governments) to Hittite rule. "I freed the lands which I captured; they dwelt in their places. All the people whom I released rejoined their peoples and Hatti incorporated their territories," Suppiluliuma later boasted.
315:
as well as some cities whose names have not been preserved. Charioteers are mentioned among the booty from
Arahati, who were brought to Hatti together with all their possessions. While it was common practice to incorporate enemy soldiers in the army, this might point to a Hittite attempt to counter
275:
on the upper
Euphrates had seceded in the time of his grandfather. Attempts to conquer it failed. In the time of his father, other cities rebelled. Suppiluliuma claims to have defeated them, but the survivors fled to the territory of Isuwa that must have been part of Tushratta's realm. A clause to
327:
include several tablets from
Tushratta concerning the marriage of his daughter Tadukhipa with Akhenaten, explicitly to solidify an alliance with the Egyptian kingdom. However, when Suppiluliuma invaded his kingdom, the Egyptians failed to respond in time—perhaps because of the sudden death of
283:. Suppiluliuma claims to have plundered the district and to have brought loot, captives, cattle, sheep and horses back to Hatti. He also claims that Tushratta fled, but obviously he failed to capture the capital. While the campaign weakened Tushratta's kingdom, he still held onto his throne.
106:
349:
Six of the
Tushratta letters, including EA 24, were subjected to Neutron Activation Analysis to match the clay composition to potential sites for Waššukanni. The results ruled out a Tell Fakhariyah location.
110:
One of the Amarna letters. A letter from
Tushratta king of Mitanni to the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III, c. 1370 BCE. Akkadian cuneiform text. From Tell el-Amarna, Egypt. Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin
260:
treaty, Suppiluliuma had made a treaty with
Artatama, a rival of Tushratta. Nothing is known of Artatama's previous life or connection, if any, to the royal family. The document calls him king of the
264:, while Tushratta is given the title of "King of Mitanni", which must have disagreed with Tushratta. Suppiluliuma started to plunder the lands of the west bank of the Euphrates river and he annexed
176:. He was probably quite young at the time and was destined to serve as a figurehead only but he managed to dispose of the murderer. A tablet was found in a Mitanni building at
339:, Tushratta was assassinated by a group led by one of his sons. A time of civil war followed which came to an end when Suppiluliuma placed Shattiwaza on the Mitannian throne.
815:
180:
which stated it was witnessed "in the presence of
Tushratta, the king" and had a seal of an earlier king Shaushtatar on the reverse which was a common practice.
687:
Devecchi, Elena. “Details That Make the
Difference: The Akkadian Manuscripts of the ‘Šattiwaza Treaties.’” Die Welt Des Orients, vol. 48, no. 1, 2018, pp. 72–95
462:
482:
476:
434:
406:
400:
394:
379:
373:
593:
Goetze, Albrecht. “On the
Chronology of the Second Millennium B. C. (Concluded).” Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 11, no. 3, 1957, pp. 63–73
304:
822:
696:
Dobel, Allan, et al. “Neutron Activation Analysis and the Location of Waššukanni.” Orientalia, vol. 46, no. 3, 1977, pp. 375–82
539:
607:
211:
633:
946:
941:
936:
726:
602:
Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2004.
834:
581:
38:
17:
563:
931:
808:
268:. Tushratta threatened to raid beyond the Euphrates if even a single lamb or kid was stolen.
8:
764:
619:
N. J. J. Illingworth. “Inscriptions from Tell Brak 1986.” Iraq, vol. 50, 1988, pp. 87–108
509:
467:
419:
385:
720:
279:
The Hittite army then marched through various districts towards the Mitanni capital of
603:
207:
118:
79:
645:
745:
335:, a son of Tushratta, after a third devastating Hittite raid led to the fall of
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629:
428:
343:
324:
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233:
925:
890:
649:
355:
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166:
142:
411:"Presents from Tushratta to Amenhotep III, when he gave to him his daughter
323:
Tushratta had possibly suspected Hittite intentions on his kingdom, for the
169:; Tadukhipa later married Akhenaten who took over his father's royal harem.
910:
870:
291:
In a second campaign, the Hittites again crossed the Euphrates and subdued
280:
249:
150:
98:
328:
Akhenaten, and the resulting struggle for control of the Egyptian throne.
885:
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173:
68:
58:
905:
895:
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336:
332:
257:
253:
237:
154:
84:
634:"Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts"
900:
855:
443:
412:
241:
177:
162:
158:
146:
88:
261:
245:
229:
441:
831:
782:
759:
317:
172:
He had been placed on the throne after the murder of his brother
134:
800:
715:. Vol. 1: The Macmillan Company of Canada Limited. p. xxiv.
296:
582:"The Kings of Mittani in Light of the New Evidence from Terqa"
845:
312:
308:
292:
272:
320:, by building up or strengthening their own chariot forces.
165:(Tadu-ḫepa in Hurrian) were married to the Egyptian pharaoh
491:
215:
673:(2014). "16.1. The 'mountain people' and the 'dark age'".
331:
According to a treaty later made between Suppiluliuma and
353:
556:
532:
201:
195:
189:
128:
122:
741:
489:
675:
The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy
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514:"To the Queen Mother, some missing gold statues"
153:. Tushratta stated that he was the grandson of
816:
706:
704:
702:
316:the most potent weapon of the Mitanni, the
271:Suppiluliuma then recounts how the land of
823:
809:
141:1358–1335 BCE, at the end of the reign of
699:
669:
161:(Gilu-ḫepa in Hurrian) and his daughter
105:
663:
240:, then invaded the western part of the
14:
924:
710:
628:
804:
622:
584:, in: NABU 2019, No. 1, March, p. 34.
442:From King Tushratta to Amenhotep IV (
188:Recorded in three distinct spellings—
286:
638:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies
228:At the beginning of his reign, the
24:
25:
958:
830:
342:
744:
472:"The missing gold statues again"
256:. According to the Suppiluliuma-
27:14th-century BCE king of Mitanni
690:
220:meaning " a charging chariot".
681:
613:
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1:
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490:From King Tushratta to Queen
138:
557:
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424:"A Goddess travels to Egypt"
216:
202:
196:
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145:and throughout the reign of
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123:
7:
737:
10:
963:
713:The Tell El-Amarna Tablets
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841:
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677:. Routledge. p. 273.
244:valley and conquered the
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725:: CS1 maint: location (
650:10.11588/EJVS.2001.3.830
206:—Tushratta's name is an
711:Mercer, Samuel (1939).
354:From King Tushratta to
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947:14th-century BC births
942:Amarna letters writers
937:14th-century BC people
111:
580:Mladjov, I., (2019).
109:
564:"CDLI-Archival View"
540:"CDLI-Archival View"
463:Amarna letters EA 25
149:. He was the son of
765:Amarna letter EA 19
510:Amarna letter EA 26
483:Amarna letter EA 29
477:Amarna letter EA 28
468:Amarna letter EA 27
435:Amarna letter EA 25
429:Amarna letter EA 24
420:Amarna letter EA 23
407:Amarna letter EA 22
401:Amarna letter EA 21
395:Amarna letter EA 20
386:Amarna letter EA 19
380:Amarna letter EA 18
374:Amarna letter EA 17
112:
919:
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790:Succeeded by
287:A second campaign
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16:(Redirected from
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133:) was a king of
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390:"Love and Gold"
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39:King of Mitanni
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234:Suppiluliuma I
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891:Shuttarna III
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568:cdli.ucla.edu
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157:. His sister
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911:Shattuara II
880:
871:Shuttarna II
783:Mitanni king
781:
712:
692:
683:
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665:
655:28 September
653:. Retrieved
644:(3): 1–118.
641:
637:
624:
615:
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567:
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543:
534:tu-uš-rat-ta
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513:
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410:
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348:
330:
322:
318:war-chariots
290:
281:Washshukanni
278:
270:
236:reconquered
227:
208:Akkadianised
187:
171:
151:Shuttarna II
114:
113:
99:Shuttarna II
50:1358-1335 BC
48:1380-1345 BC
886:Artatama II
876:Artashumara
861:Shaushtatar
851:Shuttarna I
793:Artatama II
776:Artashumara
752:Asia portal
217:Tvaiṣaratha
174:Artashumara
69:Artatama II
59:Artashumara
55:Predecessor
926:Categories
906:Wasashatta
896:Shattiwaza
866:Artatama I
520:References
337:Carchemish
333:Shattiwaza
258:Shattiwaza
254:Hanigalbat
238:Kizzuwatna
212:Indo-Aryan
203:Tuišeratta
155:Artatama I
130:Tuišeratta
85:Shattiwaza
901:Shattuara
881:Tushratta
856:Baratarna
721:cite book
444:Akhenaten
413:Tadukhipa
242:Euphrates
197:Tušeratta
178:Tell Brak
163:Tadukhipa
159:Gilukhipa
147:Akhenaten
115:Tushratta
89:Tadukhipa
65:Successor
33:Tushratta
738:See also
632:(2001).
415:to wife"
262:Hurrians
191:Tušratta
124:Tušratta
119:Akkadian
18:Tusratta
832:Mitanni
760:Mitanni
305:Arahati
250:Nuhašše
230:Hittite
224:History
135:Mitanni
606:
497:": -->
450:": -->
361:": -->
311:, and
297:Mukish
246:Amurru
95:Father
846:Kirta
835:kings
313:Qatna
309:Apina
293:Halab
273:Isuwa
232:King
214:name
80:Issue
45:Reign
727:link
657:2021
604:ISBN
499:edit
492:Tiye
452:edit
363:edit
301:Niya
248:and
184:Name
127:and
646:doi
561:in
537:in
252:in
928::
723:}}
719:{{
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636:.
566:.
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648::
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546:.
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367:]
117:(
20:)
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