883:
710:
bricks, though the production of bricks was quite limited in
Finland at the time and bricks were mainly used only for the church buildings. It is considered unusual that bricks would have been transported over long distances and therefore it is believed that brick production sites were generally built nearby the main construction site. Written records have been found mentioning a clay pit near the cathedral, owned by the local Dominican order. It is to be noted that many other churches remaining now from the medieval period are mainly made of stone and wood, and the use of brick was exceptional narrowed down to places that had brick making possibilities on site or nearby. The shaping of stone was still in undeveloped in the 14th century in Finland and even though it was used for some churches and cellars it was not practical for more detailed use.
1262:
897:
864:
597:, and thus his remains gained a new reliquary status. The reliquary container is a wooden chest decorated in the style of the early 16th century, though its colors are dulled over time, and now only traces of gold, yellow, blue and red remain, it is still easy to see that it would have been bright and colorful when it was first made. The niche is located next to the pulpit, in a rather dark and not clearly visible spot, thought the niche and the location by the aisle make it easily accessible, which would have been important feature due to its reliquary status.
804:
816:
792:
852:
840:
522:
938:
138:
828:
924:
22:
514:
625:
in 1827, when most of the town was destroyed, along with the interior of both the tower and the nave and the old tower roof. The present spire of the tower, constructed after the great fire, reaches a height of 101 meters above sea level, and is visible over a considerable distance as the symbol of
608:
but lived many decades of her life in the current day
Finland. Upon her death in 1612 she was buried under the floor of the Tott Chapel on the south side of the cathedral. She was first buried to the Tott Chapel Tott family. In the 1860s her remains were raised from the burial vault by the Memorial
709:
The first church in the location of the Turku
Cathedral was made of wood, however, during the Middle Ages, the use of wood as a building material in cities was not recommended as a city-wide fire prevention method. The initial parts of the current church were constructed with grey stone and clay
537:, some distance further up on the bank of Aura river, to the middle of the town. By the end of the 13th century, a new stone church had been completed on the site of the former wooden-built parish church on Unikankare Mound, and it was consecrated on 17 June 1300 by
588:
of Turku (1290–1366) surviving from the medieval period. He was the 12th bishop of Turku died in 1366. Bishop
Hemming was a significant benefactor to the Turku Cathedral, overseeing major restorations in the 14th century. He was also a close friend of the
882:
552:
At its earliest the cathedral was smaller than the present building. Its east front was where the pulpit stands now, and its roof was considerably lower than at the moment. Extensions were made to the cathedral throughout the
621:, the church had approximately taken on its present shape. The major later addition to the cathedral is the tower, which has been rebuilt several times, as a result of repeated fires. The worst damage was caused by the
609:
Committee and they were moved to the Kankas Chapel in which she now resides in a black marble sarcophagus decorated with a crown resting on a golden pillow. The chapel itself is decorated in the 19th century after the
616:
By the end of the Middle Ages there were 42 side chapels in total. The roof-vaults were also raised during the latter part of the 15th century to their present height of 24 meters. Thus, by the beginning of the
593:. After he died he originally was buried in the choir of the Turku Cathedral. However, in 1514 his remains were relocated to a niche on the north aisle of the church as he had been recognized as blessed by
629:
In the reformation the cathedral was taken by the
Lutheran Church of Finland (Sweden). Most of the present interior also dates from the restoration carried out in the 1830s, following the Great Fire. The
896:
474:, the cathedral has borne witness to many important events in the nation's history and has become one of the city's most recognizable symbols. The cathedral is situated in the heart of
701:
The cathedral houses three organs. The current main organ of the cathedral was built by Veikko
Virtanen Oy of Espoo, Finland, in 1980, and features 81 ranks with a mechanical action.
1164:
584:
During the 15th century, side-chapels were added along the north and south sides of the nave, containing altars dedicated to various saints. One of which is the reliquary tomb of
1261:
1399:
486:. Its presence extends beyond the local precinct by having the sound of its bells chiming at noon broadcast on national radio. It is also central to Finland's annual
863:
1001:
1157:
501:. It was considerably expanded in the 14th and 15th centuries, mainly using stone as the construction material. The cathedral was badly damaged during the
1249:
1394:
1085:
Makelä-Alitalo, Anneli. "Kaarina
Maununtytär (1550-1612)". Kansallisbiogrfiakeskus, Biografiakeskus, 16 Sept. 1997, urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:sks-kbg-000519.
643:
1150:
1050:"The High-Status Late Medieval Skull Shaped Relic in Turku Cathedral, Finland – a study of its origin with oxygen and strontium isotope analyses"
529:
As the town of Turku began to emerge in the course of the 13th century as the most important trading centre in
Finland, the Bishop's see of the
154:
1409:
1076:
Palola, Ari-Pekka. "Hemmingus (c. 1290-1366)". Kansallisbiografia, Biografiakeskus, 2 Oct. 1998, urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:sks-kbg-000217.
1419:
1389:
1368:
1173:
452:
211:
815:
86:
971:
58:
1358:
1363:
1127:
1404:
757:
65:
903:
662:, known in Finland for his several other highly regarded works. The walls and roof in the chancel are decorated with
105:
1005:
39:
1342:
313:
72:
981:
43:
791:
54:
557:. One of the cathedral's most well-known skull relic dates from this period. During the 14th century a new
803:
739:
317:
751:
546:
262:
1186:
635:
479:
1122:
382:
32:
870:
851:
253:
206:
776:
767:
1414:
1244:
79:
1115:
231:
1324:
1201:
951:
771:
671:
558:
483:
456:
399:
8:
1182:
1142:
961:
929:
622:
610:
502:
494:
460:
309:
304:
1206:
745:
601:
1286:
1236:
1226:
907:
827:
605:
530:
839:
1316:
1301:
1216:
659:
600:
Another historically important figure buried in the Turku
Cathedral is Queen consort
590:
297:
467:. It is also regarded as one of the major records of Finnish architectural history.
1311:
1291:
1221:
1211:
1057:
956:
719:
691:
585:
436:
428:
246:
1296:
1281:
1231:
966:
874:
761:
730:
538:
498:
493:
The cathedral was originally built out of wood in the late 13th century, and was
387:
221:
521:
1306:
943:
735:
639:
1383:
695:
448:
169:
156:
1137:
269:
976:
888:
687:
667:
554:
542:
464:
416:
258:
1321:
No longer the seat of a bishop but still officially called cathedrals:
631:
618:
594:
566:
513:
411:
604:(1550–1612). She was the Queen of Sweden for a short period alongside
1062:
1049:
654:
in the crossing, also both date from the 1830s, and were designed by
487:
137:
1026:
21:
683:
678:, and the two key events in the history of the Finnish Church: the
534:
497:
as the main cathedral of
Finland in 1300, the seat of the Catholic
444:
1132:
561:
was added, from which the octagonal Gothic pillars in the present
923:
682:
of the first Finnish Christians by Bishop Henry by the spring at
679:
655:
647:
562:
471:
394:
199:
663:
651:
578:
675:
475:
189:
574:
570:
1172:
573:, until it was transferred to its present location in the
470:
Considered to be the most important religious building in
1002:"Turun ja Kaarinan seurakuntayhtymä - Historiaa lyhyesti"
713:
505:
in 1827, and was rebuilt to a great extent afterwards.
919:
770:(1593–1644), officer in the Swedish army during the
569:
was located opposite the easternmost pillars of the
1123:
Virtual Turku – sound and images from the cathedral
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1400:Lutheran churches converted from Roman Catholicism
626:both the cathedral and the city of Turku itself.
1381:
533:was transferred from its previous location at
1158:
1029:(in Swedish). Biografiskt lexikon för Finland
821:View of the cathedral from Vartiovuori hill
779:(1598–1640), Swedish soldier and politician
565:originate. Throughout the Middle Ages, the
455:. It is the central church of the Lutheran
142:Frontside of Turku Cathedral in summer 2008
1165:
1151:
704:
136:
1395:Pre-Reformation Roman Catholic cathedrals
1094:
1061:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1047:
694:of the first Finnish translation of the
581:of All Saints, in the mid-17th century.
520:
512:
674:, which depict events from the life of
1382:
1174:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
714:Notable people buried in the cathedral
453:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
212:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
1146:
972:List of tallest churches in the world
1359:Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Mission
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
13:
577:, in what had previously been the
14:
1431:
1364:Suomen Poikien ja Tyttöjen Keskus
1107:
1410:13th-century churches in Finland
1260:
936:
922:
895:
881:
862:
850:
838:
826:
814:
802:
790:
20:
1343:Monastic Community of Enonkoski
1027:"MAGNUS
(d. 1308)
Biskop i Åbo"
904:Finland framstäldt i teckningar
686:, and the presentation to King
650:behind the high altar, and the
549:, the first Bishop of Finland.
541:as the Cathedral Church of the
31:needs additional citations for
1420:Gothic architecture in Finland
1390:Lutheran cathedrals in Finland
1088:
1079:
1070:
1041:
1019:
994:
1:
1097:Suomen Kivikirkot Keskiajalla
987:
754:(1566–1633), Swedish princess
723:
638:, was painted in 1836 by the
525:Turku Cathedral cross section
459:and the seat of the Lutheran
869:Tomb and burial monument of
748:(1550–1612), Queen of Sweden
7:
982:St. Michael's Church, Turku
915:
10:
1436:
1405:Lutheran churches in Turku
1095:Hiekkanen, Markus (2003).
797:View before the Great Fire
783:
508:
1351:
1335:
1269:
1258:
1194:
1180:
752:Princess Sigrid of Sweden
742:and later Bishop of Turku
410:
405:
393:
381:
376:
368:
360:
352:
344:
339:
331:
323:
303:
293:
288:
268:
252:
242:
237:
227:
217:
205:
195:
185:
151:
147:
135:
128:
123:
1133:Turku Cathedral – photos
1048:Lahtinen, Maria (2022).
910:and published 1845-1852.
636:Transfiguration of Jesus
591:Saint Birgitta of Sweden
129:
118:Church in Turku, Finland
705:Materials of the church
443:) is the only medieval
276:; 724 years ago
720:Blessed Bishop Hemming
526:
518:
440:
432:
670:by the court painter
524:
516:
461:Archbishop of Finland
218:Previous denomination
1202:Archdiocese of Turku
1099:. Otava. p. 32.
1054:Internet Archaeology
952:Archdiocese of Turku
871:Catherine MĂĄnsdotter
672:Robert Wilhelm Ekman
517:Turku Cathedral plan
457:Archdiocese of Turku
40:improve this article
1183:Archbishop of Turku
1138:Turku church organs
962:Great Fire of Turku
930:Christianity portal
777:Ă…ke Henriksson Tott
768:Torsten StĂĄlhandske
623:Great Fire of Turku
611:Great Fire of Turku
543:Blessed Virgin Mary
503:Great Fire of Turku
447:in Finland and the
259:Blessed Virgin Mary
170:60.4524°N 22.2781°E
166: /
908:Zacharias Topelius
531:Diocese of Finland
527:
519:
433:Turun tuomiokirkko
294:Architectural type
274:June 17, 1300
130:Turun tuomiokirkko
1377:
1376:
809:Cathedral in 1900
772:Thirty Years' War
740:Bishop of Viipuri
660:Carl Ludvig Engel
422:
421:
116:
115:
108:
90:
55:"Turku Cathedral"
1427:
1264:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1119:
1118:
1116:Official website
1101:
1100:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:10.11141/ia.59.8
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1004:. Archived from
998:
957:History of Turku
946:
941:
940:
939:
932:
927:
926:
902:Illustration in
899:
885:
866:
854:
842:
830:
818:
806:
794:
764:mercenary leader
746:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
728:
725:
692:Michael Agricola
690:by the Reformer
634:, depicting the
602:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
480:Old Great Square
284:
282:
277:
247:Episcopal polity
232:Official Website
181:
180:
178:
177:
176:
175:60.4524; 22.2781
171:
167:
164:
163:
162:
159:
140:
121:
120:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1347:
1331:
1265:
1256:
1190:
1176:
1171:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1009:
1000:
999:
995:
990:
967:Helena Escholin
942:
937:
935:
928:
921:
918:
911:
900:
891:
886:
877:
875:Queen of Sweden
867:
858:
855:
846:
843:
834:
831:
822:
819:
810:
807:
798:
795:
786:
758:Samuel Cockburn
731:Bishop of Turku
726:
716:
707:
539:Bishop Magnus I
511:
499:bishop of Turku
425:Turku Cathedral
388:Western Finland
280:
278:
275:
261:
174:
172:
168:
165:
160:
157:
155:
153:
152:
143:
131:
124:Turku Cathedral
119:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1433:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:Medieval Turku
1125:
1120:
1109:
1108:External links
1106:
1103:
1102:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1040:
1018:
992:
991:
989:
986:
985:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
948:
947:
944:Finland portal
933:
917:
914:
913:
912:
901:
894:
892:
887:
880:
878:
868:
861:
859:
857:The main organ
856:
849:
847:
844:
837:
835:
832:
825:
823:
820:
813:
811:
808:
801:
799:
796:
789:
785:
782:
781:
780:
774:
765:
755:
749:
743:
736:Paulus Juusten
733:
715:
712:
706:
703:
668:Romantic style
644:Fredrik Westin
586:Bishop Hemming
510:
507:
490:celebrations.
420:
419:
414:
408:
407:
403:
402:
397:
391:
390:
385:
379:
378:
377:Administration
374:
373:
370:
366:
365:
362:
358:
357:
354:
350:
349:
346:
342:
341:
340:Specifications
337:
336:
333:
329:
328:
325:
321:
320:
318:Gothic Revival
307:
301:
300:
295:
291:
290:
286:
285:
272:
266:
265:
256:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
209:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
133:
132:
126:
125:
117:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1432:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1098:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1028:
1022:
1008:on 2014-12-16
1007:
1003:
997:
993:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
945:
934:
931:
925:
920:
909:
905:
898:
893:
890:
884:
879:
876:
872:
865:
860:
853:
848:
841:
836:
833:Interior view
829:
824:
817:
812:
805:
800:
793:
788:
787:
778:
775:
773:
769:
766:
763:
760:(1574–1621),
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:(1516–1576),
737:
734:
732:
721:
718:
717:
711:
702:
699:
697:
696:New Testament
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
627:
624:
620:
614:
612:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
523:
515:
506:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:Mother Church
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
418:
415:
413:
409:
404:
401:
398:
396:
392:
389:
386:
384:
380:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
319:
315:
311:
308:
306:
302:
299:
296:
292:
287:
273:
271:
267:
264:
260:
257:
255:
251:
248:
245:
241:
236:
233:
230:
226:
223:
220:
216:
213:
210:
208:
204:
201:
198:
194:
191:
188:
184:
179:
150:
146:
139:
134:
127:
122:
110:
107:
99:
96:November 2017
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1415:Brick Gothic
1276:
1096:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1053:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1021:
1010:. Retrieved
1006:the original
996:
708:
700:
628:
615:
599:
583:
551:
528:
492:
478:next to the
469:
441:Ă…bo domkyrka
424:
423:
348:1,400 people
289:Architecture
207:Denomination
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1336:Monasteries
1241:Historical
977:Frog coffin
889:Votive ship
727: 1290
688:Gustav Vasa
555:Middle Ages
547:Saint Henry
465:Tapio Luoma
417:Tapio Luoma
395:Archdiocese
324:Years built
270:Consecrated
263:Saint Henry
173: /
1384:Categories
1325:Savonlinna
1270:Cathedrals
1245:Savonlinna
1012:2014-12-16
988:References
906:edited by
658:architect
632:altarpiece
619:Modern era
595:Pope Leo X
567:high altar
484:river Aura
412:Archbishop
314:Romanesque
281:1300-06-17
254:Dedication
161:22°16′41″E
158:60°27′09″N
66:newspapers
1369:Awakening
1033:17 August
613:in 1827.
495:dedicated
488:Christmas
482:, by the
332:Completed
327:1276–1300
1352:See also
1287:Helsinki
1195:Dioceses
916:See also
762:Scottish
729:–1366),
684:Kupittaa
606:Erik XIV
535:Koroinen
445:basilica
383:Province
345:Capacity
222:Catholic
186:Location
1317:Tampere
1302:Mikkeli
1237:Tampere
1227:Mikkeli
784:Gallery
680:baptism
666:in the
664:frescos
648:reredos
642:artist
640:Swedish
563:chancel
509:History
472:Finland
451:of the
437:Swedish
429:Finnish
372:85.53 m
279: (
238:History
228:Website
200:Finland
196:Country
80:scholar
1312:Porvoo
1292:Kuopio
1250:Vyborg
1217:Kuopio
1056:(59).
873:, the
656:German
652:pulpit
646:. The
579:Chapel
406:Clergy
369:Height
353:Length
310:Gothic
298:Church
243:Status
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1297:Lapua
1282:Espoo
1277:Turku
1222:Lapua
1212:Espoo
1207:BorgĂĄ
845:Altar
676:Jesus
559:choir
476:Turku
400:Turku
361:Width
305:Style
190:Turku
87:JSTOR
73:books
1307:Oulu
1232:Oulu
1187:List
1035:2024
575:apse
571:nave
545:and
364:38 m
356:89 m
335:1300
59:news
1058:doi
42:by
1386::
1052:.
724:c.
698:.
463:,
439::
435:,
431::
316:,
312:,
1189:)
1185:(
1166:e
1159:t
1152:v
1066:.
1060::
1037:.
1015:.
722:(
427:(
283:)
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
