437:. A Tupamaro member known as "Mao" insisted neighbourhood criminals are given ample warning before facing execution. "First we give them a warning to get out of the area. If they don't listen, we see them again, this time with 10 of our comrades. If they fail to understand the message, we take matters into our own hands." Though, once again the masks they wear are said to ward off possible retribution from criminals, police or Chávez's political opposition, but they also reinforce an imposing image that critics call a tool of intimidation against Chávez's political opposition. Some have claimed that the Tupamaros execute such criminals because they are competition and they want to have control.
38:
186:
899:
175:
219:
357:
470:
in a "pre-April 11 fashion" calling for supporters to defend "to be ready, at all moments, to defend the
Revolution against anyone" while also making statements on not putting pressure on the TSJ judgements. Tupamaros then allegedly attacked a police convoy with high-caliber weapons in a slum area
449:
talked about a riot that began when police opened fire. With the arrival of more
Tupamaros to the aid their comrades police, then, asked for military support, signifying the growing potency of the group. He added that "They are becoming a legitimate party, they are participating in the political
409:
With the emergence of Chavez as president, the group also cooperated with the state in administering social programs and promoting political participation. It is involved in after-school programs to keep children out of trouble, child care centers, puppet shows, drug rehabilitation and sports
387:
The ideological basis of the movement began to deteriorate. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, the group was denounced by interests and stakeholders who disapproved of its actions, specifically alleged attacks on student movements that did not agree with Hugo Chávez.
348:, who was executed by Spanish authorities in 1572 for opposing colonial rule. In the 1970s and 1980s, people who would later join the Tupamaros were allegedly taking part in guerrilla activities and performing vigilante actions during a period of rising crime in Venezuela.
498:, Tupamaros leader Alberto CarĂas stated that if the Venezuelan opposition did not accept a "sure victory" by Hugo Chávez, "that there would 'bullets'". He also stated that the group was "prepared and well armed" and would attack any opposition group that protested.
510:
donated baseball equipment to a poor community in
Caracas, Brownfield's convoy was hit, kicked and pelted with objects. The convoy was allegedly attack organized by the Tupamaros with some shouts supposedly heard at the time involving the word "Tupamaros".
396:
The original leader of the
Tupamaros was Jose Pinto, who was the General Secretary of the MRT. Alberto "Chino" CarĂas is the current leader of the Tupamaros and calls himself "a Marxist-Leninist guerrilla fighter". He states that he keeps contact with
335:
were being targeted by the
Uruguayan government, some of the Uruguayan members supposedly settled "el 23 de Enero". The Venezuelan Tupamaros have at least ideological links to the Tupamaros in Uruguay, who took the name of
331:" that was occupied by his wealthy officials was then taken over by poor squatters. Since then, the area has been described as a "hot bed of radicalism" and that residents have "a resistance mentality". When the
471:
which left one officer dead, one injured and an additional four civilian casualties. Chávez supporters also began to protest in
Caracas, closing the street in front of the TSJ and
1021:
303:
in
Venezuela. Several Tupamaros participate in peaceful movements while some believe in the "idea of armed struggle as a means to gain power." The group supports the
433:
neighborhood in western
Caracas, thieves, muggers or drug dealers who operate in the area run the risk of being executed by Tupamaros patrolling on motorcycles in
612:
884:
429:
The group has refused to renounce use of arms to protect communities considered too dangerous even for police officers. In one such example in the high-crime
1257:
862:
587:
410:
programs. A Tupamaro leader known as Chino, said of the group that "Our greatest accomplishment is having been able to change things through elections."
1247:
491:
said, "The
Tupamaros began following me to get me out of Coche (a Caracas slum) because I was campaigning for (conservative candidate) Julio Borges."
1080:
1242:
376:. Chávez and the Tupamaros allegedly made a deal since Chávez needed protection and the Tupamaros needed resources. The election of Hugo Chávez as
1262:
814:
962:
877:
466:
delayed the trial of the officers since judges could not agree on judgements. Following this, President Chávez gave a strong speech on
373:
1222:
475:
and another four police officers were reported injured. Tupamaros had also reportedly blocked streets and subways and began to throw
773:
459:
1267:
1232:
463:
1138:
1095:
893:
724:
308:
254:
190:
870:
639:
1196:
495:
892:
840:
616:
926:
552:
304:
179:
746:
1227:
1070:
1039:
781:
413:
According to Dr. George W. Knox, executive director of the
National Gang Crime Research Center, the Tupamaros are a "
134:
1173:
1090:
985:
956:
520:
381:
1167:
1112:
968:
368:
The Tupamaros were officially founded in 1992 and allegedly had the chance in prison to come into contact with
1161:
992:
908:
198:
1237:
1046:
547:
417:" and that they use claims like "helping the oppressed peoples" as a ploy that he describes as similar "to
73:
1075:
944:
524:
401:
and "has lost count of how many people he's murdered", saying "after ten you stop feeling remorse".
1252:
974:
591:
1004:
106:
1178:
377:
259:
1201:
446:
300:
249:
101:
1100:
1065:
950:
919:
320:
142:
786:
8:
1106:
998:
932:
507:
116:
458:
On 8 August 2002, four military officers were being tried for rebellion following the
1151:
1145:
476:
398:
290:
121:
467:
293:
274:
86:
1191:
1028:
296:
380:
resulted in the consolidation of former opposition groups in support of the new
1156:
1085:
369:
361:
1216:
1132:
1117:
488:
472:
1127:
815:"Pelting of U.S. ambassador's car in Venezuela draws strong gov't response"
434:
45:
688:
37:
430:
337:
328:
356:
1122:
898:
588:"Venezuela: radical group promises violence if Chávez loses election"
418:
91:
81:
818:
332:
613:"Colectivos en Venezuela: ÂżOrganizaciones sociales o criminales?"
324:
66:
506:
In April 2006 following an event where United States Ambassador
218:
232:
1010:
841:"Venezuela: AsĂ actĂşan Tupamaros con protecciĂłn del chavismo"
527:
to attack protesters that opposed the Bolivarian government.
414:
345:
341:
96:
487:
Ismach Leon, a campaign manager for the opposition party
548:"Comunicado Del Movimiento Revolucionario Tupamaro"
1214:
640:"Los Tupamaro, la fuerza de choque del chavismo"
725:"Venezuela's Tupamaros on the side of the law"
1081:Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Venezuela
878:
747:"Los Tupamaros, el brazo armado del chavismo"
445:Luis Milan, a political science professor at
319:After the end of the dictatorship of General
309:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
360:Tupamaros political art showing support for
1258:Organizations of the Bolivarian Revolution
885:
871:
1248:Intervened political parties in Venezuela
585:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
682:
680:
355:
1243:Far-left political parties in Venezuela
768:
766:
764:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
615:. NTN24. 8 October 2014. Archived from
586:Benedetti, Ana MarĂa (6 October 2012).
424:
421:offering free soup to Chicago's poor".
1215:
1096:National Council of Venezuelan Indians
739:
1263:Political parties established in 1992
866:
809:
807:
774:"Political update II: August 8, 2002"
706:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
542:
540:
496:2012 Venezuelan presidential election
450:process. It's a different time now."
440:
761:
657:
637:
631:
556:(in European Spanish). 13 March 2017
501:
374:1992 Venezuelan coup d'Ă©tat attempts
1137:Progressive Movement of Venezuela (
927:United Socialist Party of Venezuela
693:National Gang Crime Research Center
686:
460:2002 Venezuelan coup d'Ă©tat attempt
13:
804:
568:
553:Colombian National Liberation Army
537:
453:
279:Movimiento Revolucionario Tupamaro
29:Movimiento Revolucionario Tupamaro
14:
1279:
1040:Popular Revolutionary Alternative
782:United States Department of State
464:Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ)
135:Popular Revolutionary Alternative
1223:1992 establishments in Venezuela
1174:Republican Bicentennial Vanguard
1091:Ecological Movement of Venezuela
897:
689:"The Tupamaro gang of Venezuela"
638:Ruiz, Roger (12 February 2014).
217:
184:
173:
36:
26:Revolutionary Movement Tupamaro
833:
519:It was alleged that during the
382:Movement for the Fifth Republic
271:Revolutionary Movement Tupamaro
1268:Political parties in Venezuela
1233:Communist parties in Venezuela
1113:Cambiemos Movimiento Ciudadano
969:Authentic Renewal Organization
894:Political parties in Venezuela
727:. Sfgate.com. 16 November 2008
605:
404:
305:National Liberation Army (ELN)
299:and one of the most prominent
1:
530:
391:
372:, who was imprisoned for the
307:and allegedly had ties with
1047:Communist Party of Venezuela
523:, Tupamaros worked with the
482:
16:Political party in Venezuela
7:
1076:Democratic Republican Union
963:People's Electoral Movement
749:. Infobae. 13 February 2014
521:2014–15 Venezuelan protests
514:
494:Near the conclusion of the
351:
10:
1284:
1162:Fearless People's Alliance
314:
1228:Communist militant groups
1197:List of political parties
1187:
1058:
1022:United Venezuela Alliance
945:We Are Venezuela Movement
907:
525:Venezuelan National Guard
245:
230:
225:
216:
211:
196:
168:
154:
127:
115:
72:
62:
54:
44:
35:
23:
975:Venezuelan Popular Unity
117:Political position
107:Revolutionary socialism
1179:Humanist Popular Front
1071:Movement for Socialism
378:President of Venezuela
365:
285:), often shortened to
278:
1202:Politics of Venezuela
447:Bolivarian University
359:
250:Politics of Venezuela
102:Left-wing nationalism
1101:National Convergence
1066:Agreement for Change
920:Great Patriotic Pole
479:at police vehicles.
425:Neighborhood actions
321:Marcos Perez Jimenez
143:Great Patriotic Pole
128:National affiliation
1238:Crisis in Venezuela
1059:Extra-parliamentary
999:Progressive Advance
986:Democratic Alliance
957:Alliance for Change
792:on 28 November 2010
333:Tupamaro in Uruguay
933:Fatherland for All
847:. 22 February 2014
619:on 10 October 2014
508:William Brownfield
441:Political violence
366:
1210:
1209:
1166:Emergent People (
1152:Project Venezuela
993:Democratic Action
909:National Assembly
687:W. Knox, George.
502:Foreign diplomats
477:Molotov cocktails
399:Carlos the Jackal
268:
267:
255:Political parties
199:National Assembly
1275:
1144:Clear Accounts (
902:
901:
887:
880:
873:
864:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
837:
831:
830:
828:
826:
811:
802:
801:
799:
797:
791:
785:. Archived from
778:
770:
759:
758:
756:
754:
743:
737:
736:
734:
732:
721:
704:
703:
701:
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609:
603:
602:
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598:
583:
566:
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563:
561:
544:
468:Margarita Island
294:Marxist-Leninist
241:
238:
236:
234:
221:
206:
189:
188:
187:
178:
177:
176:
163:
160:
87:Marxism-Leninism
40:
21:
20:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1253:Marxist parties
1213:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1192:Portal:Politics
1183:
1105:Citizen Force (
1054:
1029:Venezuela First
1005:Hope for Change
911:
903:
896:
891:
861:
860:
850:
848:
839:
838:
834:
824:
822:
813:
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584:
569:
559:
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545:
538:
533:
517:
504:
485:
456:
454:Court decisions
443:
427:
407:
394:
354:
327:area known as "
317:
297:communist party
264:
231:
207:
204:
185:
183:
182:
174:
172:
161:
158:
150:
111:
50:Oswaldo Jiménez
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
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1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1157:Come Venezuela
1154:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1086:Red Flag Party
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1035:
1034:
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1017:
1016:
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1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
981:
980:
979:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
915:
913:
905:
904:
890:
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882:
875:
867:
859:
858:
832:
821:. 6 April 2006
803:
760:
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604:
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484:
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393:
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353:
350:
329:el 23 de Enero
316:
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1160:
1158:
1155:
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1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1133:Radical Cause
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1118:Justice First
1116:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
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1079:
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1074:
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1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1037:
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1030:
1027:
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1024:
1023:
1019:
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1009:
1006:
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1000:
997:
994:
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987:
983:
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964:
961:
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952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
924:
922:
921:
917:
916:
914:
910:
906:
900:
895:
888:
883:
881:
876:
874:
869:
868:
865:
846:
842:
836:
820:
816:
810:
808:
788:
784:
783:
775:
769:
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748:
742:
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718:
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669:
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645:
641:
634:
618:
614:
608:
593:
589:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
555:
554:
549:
543:
541:
536:
528:
526:
522:
512:
509:
499:
497:
492:
490:
489:First Justice
480:
478:
474:
473:burning tires
469:
465:
461:
451:
448:
438:
436:
432:
422:
420:
416:
411:
402:
400:
389:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
363:
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349:
347:
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334:
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322:
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256:
253:
251:
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229:
224:
220:
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210:
202:
200:
197:Seats in the
195:
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181:
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157:
153:
147:
144:
141:
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136:
133:
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88:
85:
83:
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79:
77:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
47:
43:
39:
34:
22:
19:
1128:Popular Will
1038:
1020:
984:
938:
918:
849:. Retrieved
844:
835:
823:. Retrieved
794:. Retrieved
787:the original
780:
751:. Retrieved
741:
729:. Retrieved
696:. Retrieved
692:
647:. Retrieved
643:
633:
621:. Retrieved
617:the original
607:
595:. Retrieved
558:. Retrieved
551:
518:
505:
493:
486:
457:
444:
435:death squads
428:
412:
408:
395:
386:
367:
318:
286:
282:
270:
269:
145:
137:
63:Headquarters
18:
912:(277 seats)
644:El Comercio
431:23 de Enero
405:Social work
384:president.
370:Hugo Chávez
362:Hugo Chávez
340:, the last
338:Tupac Amaru
97:Foco theory
1217:Categories
731:2 December
560:26 January
531:References
392:Leadership
344:leader of
301:colectivos
212:Party flag
164:Red, Black
1123:A New Era
483:Elections
419:Al Capone
260:Elections
235:.tupamaro
146:(faction)
138:(faction)
92:Guevarism
82:Communism
939:Tupamaro
819:Fox News
753:7 August
592:ABC News
515:Protests
462:and the
352:Founding
291:far-left
287:Tupamaro
122:Far-left
74:Ideology
951:PODEMOS
845:Peru 21
825:9 March
796:9 March
698:9 March
623:9 March
597:9 March
325:Caracas
315:History
289:, is a
275:Spanish
226:Website
205:7 / 277
67:Caracas
55:Founded
923:(253)
323:, the
169:Allies
162:
159:
155:Colors
46:Leader
1011:Copei
989:(18)
851:8 May
790:(PDF)
777:(PDF)
649:8 May
342:Incan
1043:(1)
1025:(2)
853:2014
827:2015
798:2015
755:2014
733:2013
700:2015
651:2014
625:2015
599:2015
562:2019
415:gang
346:Peru
237:.org
191:FARC
58:1992
929:219
283:MRT
239:.ve
233:www
180:ELN
1219::
1168:es
1146:es
1139:es
1107:es
995:11
843:.
817:.
806:^
779:.
763:^
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590:.
570:^
550:.
539:^
311:.
281:,
277::
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855:.
829:.
800:.
757:.
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653:.
627:.
601:.
564:.
364:.
273:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
