140:
506:
Republic of the Gran
Colombia challenged that right and then Ecuador claiming de jure rights through unmodified colonial Royal Decrees ( Real CĂ©dulas ), but to no avail. The Protocol of Rio de Janeiro signed in 1942 with Ecuador legally confirmed Peru's previously de facto rights over Tumbes after a victorious war. However, lasting peace between both countries was not achieved until 1998, after a final conflict in 1995. Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori and Ecuadorian Presidente Jamil Mahuad signed a final document in which Ecuador accepted PerĂş's right over Tumbes and other territories claimed by Ecuador until then.
1460:
1281:
1239:
185:
156:
166:
423:
22:
498:
254:
139:
192:
505:
During its colonial period, Tumbes was sparsely populated and formed a part of the
Audiencia of Quito through an unmodified Cedula of 1563 and Cedula of 1740. When Tumbes declared its independence from Spain, it opted to join Peru believing in the right of free determination of peoples. First, the
144:
Top left: Punta Sal Beach (Playa Punta Sal), Top right: Tumbes
Cathedral, 2nd left: Tumbes River and Tumbes National Reserve Mangrove Sanctuary, 2nd right: Malecon Benavides, 3rd left: A Condor monument and Tumbes Clock Tower in Jerusalem Walks (Paseo Jerusalem), 3rd right: Armas Square (Plaza del
1449:
469:
in 1528. Molina noted that Tumbes was a well organized town. Pizarro made a second expedition in 1532 during which he encountered resistance from the
1248:
1749:
1270:
489:, the first South American Indigenous interpreters who later aided Pizarro and his followers during the conquest of Peru, were born in Tumbes.
216:
486:
543:
1754:
1442:
481:. Pizarro was eventually successful and is said to have planted a cross in the invaded territory as a sign of Hispanic victory.
1427:
411:
86:
58:
466:
1139:
1435:
1263:
1278:
1140:
PerĂş: PoblaciĂłn estimada al 30 de junio y tasa de crecimiento de las ciudades capitales, por departamento, 2011 y 2015
65:
1542:
1171:
105:
532:
72:
43:
1256:
39:
1482:
528:
54:
1647:
1697:
527:), although it receives an average annual rainfall of 307.5 millimetres or 12.1 inches, due to its high
1562:
1212:
184:
1602:
1502:
1144:
PerĂş: Estimaciones y proyecciones de poblaciĂłn total por sexo de las principales ciudades, 2012-2015
1612:
520:
431:
1572:
1459:
1280:
165:
1532:
403:
32:
1457:
1657:
1522:
1512:
1111:
1592:
1727:
79:
1717:
1637:
1492:
1183:
155:
8:
1707:
1677:
1667:
1552:
442:
ruled over Tumbes and the territory became an important political stronghold during the
1687:
1627:
1582:
1478:
1167:
1166:
Prescott, W.H., 2011, The
History of the Conquest of Peru, Digireads.com Publishing,
1063:
462:
438:. At its peak, its population is estimated to have reached 178,000. After 1400, Inca
278:
1643:
1463:
399:
395:
293:
283:
266:
1663:
1598:
1416:
1242:
1743:
391:
271:
231:
218:
1558:
1326:
459:
450:
expanded Tumbes by ordering the construction of roads, houses and palaces.
447:
387:
1238:
1376:
443:
535:, with strong El Niños frequently seeing more than twice the mean rain.
497:
1568:
1346:
1693:
1578:
1528:
1356:
1306:
1146:(Report). Instituto Nacional de EstadĂstica e Informática. March 2012
482:
439:
422:
21:
1723:
1653:
1608:
1588:
1518:
1508:
1411:
1386:
1341:
1321:
1316:
1301:
1296:
1191:
Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
434:
times when it was inhabited by a cultural group of natives called
1633:
1498:
1396:
1366:
1361:
410:, Tumbes has 111,595 inhabitants as of 2015. It is served by the
407:
300:
1623:
1538:
1488:
1406:
1351:
1336:
1311:
470:
414:. It is located on the Gulf of Guayaquil along with Zorritos.
1703:
1673:
1548:
1401:
1381:
1331:
318:
1683:
1618:
1467:
1391:
1371:
1284:
383:
259:
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1741:
1118:Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)
1443:
1264:
1184:"Klimatafel von Tumbes, Prov. Tumbes / Peru"
1450:
1436:
1271:
1257:
1205:
1162:
1160:
492:
336:1,800.15 km (695.04 sq mi)
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1287:cities with a population of over 100,000
496:
421:
1157:
531:. Rainfall is very variable due to the
1742:
544:Cap. FAP Pedro Canga RodrĂguez Airport
412:Cap. FAP Pedro Canga Rodriguez Airport
145:Armas), Bottom: Sunset in Pizarro Port
1750:Populated places in the Tumbes Region
1431:
1252:
458:Tumbes was first visited by Spanish
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
1193:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst
467:Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
13:
1176:
453:
14:
1766:
1231:
1458:
1279:
1237:
252:
190:
183:
164:
154:
138:
20:
1755:Regional capital cities in Peru
542:Climate data for Tumbes, Peru (
430:Tumbes has its origins back in
31:needs additional citations for
1132:
191:
1:
1125:
945:Average rainfall mm (inches)
1245:travel guide from Wikivoyage
533:El Niño Southern Oscillation
529:potential evapotranspiration
509:
477:in what became known as the
7:
805:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
665:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
390:. It is the capital of the
362: • Estimate
10:
1771:
1117:
1109:
541:
514:
417:
382:is a city in northwestern
1474:
1292:
1215:(in French). Météo Climat
1061:
1014:
944:
874:
804:
734:
664:
594:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
369:
361:
353:
348:
340:
332:
327:
316:
311:
299:
289:
277:
265:
247:
212:
178:
150:
137:
130:
123:
546:) extremes 1974-present
465:during the start of the
493:Colony and independence
479:Battle of the Manglares
1112:Deutscher Wetterdienst
502:
427:
386:, on the banks of the
373:54/km (140/sq mi)
1213:"Station Pedro Canga"
500:
446:. Later Inca emperor
425:
344:6 m (20 ft)
595:Record high °C (°F)
370: • Density
232:3.57083°S 80.45972°W
118:Town in Tumbes, Peru
40:improve this article
1015:Average rainy days
875:Record low °C (°F)
735:Daily mean °C (°F)
402:. Located near the
237:-3.57083; -80.45972
228: /
204:Location of in Peru
1628:Department of Lima
503:
428:
354: • Total
333: • Total
1737:
1736:
1425:
1424:
1122:
1121:
1064:relative humidity
463:Francisco Pizarro
377:
376:
116:
115:
108:
90:
1762:
1644:Puerto Maldonado
1462:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1283:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1188:
1180:
1174:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1136:
1018:
539:
538:
521:hot arid climate
426:Tumbes Cathedral
394:, as well as of
258:
256:
255:
243:
242:
240:
239:
238:
233:
229:
226:
225:
224:
221:
194:
193:
187:
168:
158:
142:
121:
120:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1470:
1456:
1426:
1421:
1288:
1277:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1165:
1158:
1149:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1016:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
517:
512:
495:
456:
454:Spanish arrival
420:
400:Tumbes District
396:Tumbes Province
253:
251:
236:
234:
230:
227:
222:
219:
217:
215:
214:
208:
207:
206:
205:
202:
201:
200:
199:
195:
174:
173:
172:
171:
162:
161:
146:
133:
126:
119:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1768:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1721:
1711:
1701:
1691:
1681:
1671:
1664:Cerro de Pasco
1661:
1651:
1641:
1631:
1621:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1586:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1486:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1233:
1232:External links
1230:
1227:
1226:
1204:
1175:
1156:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
872:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
802:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
732:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
592:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
548:
547:
537:
516:
513:
511:
508:
494:
491:
455:
452:
419:
416:
375:
374:
371:
367:
366:
363:
359:
358:
355:
351:
350:
346:
345:
342:
338:
337:
334:
330:
329:
325:
324:
321:
314:
313:
309:
308:
303:
297:
296:
291:
287:
286:
281:
275:
274:
269:
263:
262:
249:
245:
244:
210:
209:
203:
197:
196:
189:
188:
182:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
169:
163:
159:
153:
152:
151:
148:
147:
143:
135:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
117:
114:
113:
55:"Tumbes, Peru"
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1767:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1648:Madre de Dios
1645:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1214:
1208:
1192:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1172:9781420941142
1169:
1163:
1161:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
943:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
873:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
803:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
733:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
663:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
593:
549:
545:
540:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
519:Tumbes has a
507:
499:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
461:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
424:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:Tumbes Region
389:
385:
381:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
322:
320:
317: •
315:
310:
307:
304:
302:
298:
295:
292:
288:
285:
282:
280:
276:
273:
270:
268:
264:
261:
250:
246:
241:
213:Coordinates:
211:
186:
177:
167:
157:
149:
141:
136:
129:
122:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1713:
1563:Huancavelica
1559:Huancavelica
1466:capitals of
1217:. Retrieved
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1190:
1178:
1148:. Retrieved
1143:
1134:
524:
518:
504:
501:Port Pizarro
478:
474:
473:(chieftain)
460:conquistador
457:
448:Huayna Capac
435:
429:
388:Tumbes River
379:
378:
306:Tumbesino(a)
305:
170:Coat of arms
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1603:La Libertad
1479:Chachapoyas
444:Inca Empire
323:Jimmy Silva
235: /
1744:Categories
1698:San MartĂn
1613:Lambayeque
1464:Department
1197:25 January
1150:2015-06-03
1126:References
1110:Source 1:
1017:(≥ 1.0 mm)
349:Population
312:Government
223:80°27′35″W
220:03°34′15″S
66:newspapers
1694:Moyobamba
1533:Cajamarca
1529:Cajamarca
1307:Cajamarca
510:Geography
483:Felipillo
475:Chilimaza
440:Pachacuti
341:Elevation
1724:Pucallpa
1658:Moquegua
1654:Moquegua
1609:Chiclayo
1599:Trujillo
1589:Huancayo
1523:Ayacucho
1519:Ayacucho
1513:Arequipa
1509:Arequipa
1503:ApurĂmac
1483:Amazonas
1417:Trujillo
1412:Tarapoto
1387:Pucallpa
1342:Huancayo
1322:Chimbote
1317:Chiclayo
1302:Ayacucho
1297:Arequipa
1285:Peruvian
1062:Average
1010:(12.09)
660:(104.0)
635:(100.4)
630:(102.4)
625:(104.0)
610:(103.3)
523:(Köppen
432:pre-Inca
290:District
279:Province
96:May 2011
1728:Ucayali
1634:Iquitos
1573:Huánuco
1569:Huánuco
1499:Abancay
1397:Sullana
1367:Juliaca
1362:Iquitos
1347:Huánuco
1327:Chincha
1005:(0.83)
1000:(0.04)
995:(0.04)
990:(0.01)
985:(0.02)
980:(0.26)
975:(0.02)
970:(2.07)
965:(2.51)
960:(2.15)
955:(3.31)
950:(0.83)
940:(53.6)
935:(53.6)
930:(57.2)
925:(54.7)
920:(53.6)
915:(53.6)
910:(59.0)
905:(57.9)
900:(57.2)
895:(57.6)
890:(59.0)
885:(61.5)
880:(60.1)
870:(69.6)
865:(70.5)
860:(68.7)
855:(67.8)
850:(66.7)
845:(66.2)
840:(66.9)
835:(69.3)
830:(71.1)
825:(72.3)
820:(72.7)
815:(72.1)
810:(71.8)
800:(77.4)
795:(78.3)
790:(75.9)
785:(75.0)
780:(74.5)
775:(73.2)
770:(74.8)
765:(76.6)
760:(79.2)
755:(80.4)
750:(80.8)
745:(80.6)
740:(79.5)
730:(84.4)
725:(85.5)
720:(82.9)
715:(81.3)
710:(80.4)
705:(80.1)
700:(81.3)
695:(83.5)
690:(86.4)
685:(88.3)
680:(88.3)
675:(88.0)
670:(87.3)
655:(95.5)
650:(93.4)
645:(92.3)
640:(92.8)
620:(96.1)
615:(97.9)
605:(98.2)
600:(98.6)
515:Climate
418:History
408:Ecuador
365:111,595
301:Demonym
248:Country
80:scholar
1718:Tumbes
1714:Tumbes
1638:Loreto
1624:Huacho
1543:Callao
1539:Callao
1493:Ancash
1489:Huaraz
1407:Talara
1352:Huaraz
1337:Huacho
1312:Callao
1243:Tumbes
1219:4 July
1170:
551:Month
487:Yacané
471:curaca
436:Tumpis
404:border
380:Tumbes
357:96,946
294:Tumbes
284:Tumbes
272:Tumbes
267:Region
257:
198:Tumbes
125:Tumbes
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1708:Tacna
1704:Tacna
1678:Piura
1674:Piura
1668:Pasco
1593:JunĂn
1553:Cuzco
1549:Cusco
1402:Tacna
1382:Piura
1377:Pisco
1332:Cusco
1187:(PDF)
1057:28.4
1008:307.5
590:Year
406:with
319:Mayor
87:JSTOR
73:books
1688:Puno
1684:Puno
1619:Lima
1468:Peru
1392:Puno
1372:Lima
1221:2017
1199:2016
1168:ISBN
1066:(%)
1054:2.2
1051:0.5
1048:0.3
1045:0.3
1042:0.2
1039:0.3
1036:0.2
1033:2.3
1030:4.6
1027:6.1
1024:7.4
1021:4.0
1003:21.1
968:52.5
963:63.7
958:54.7
953:84.2
948:21.1
938:12.0
933:12.0
928:14.0
923:12.6
918:12.0
913:12.0
908:15.0
903:14.4
898:14.0
893:14.2
888:15.0
883:16.4
878:15.6
868:20.9
863:21.4
858:20.4
853:19.9
848:19.3
843:19.0
838:19.4
833:20.7
828:21.7
823:22.4
818:22.6
813:22.3
808:22.1
798:25.2
793:25.7
788:24.4
783:23.9
778:23.6
773:22.9
768:23.8
763:24.8
758:26.2
753:26.9
748:27.1
743:27.0
738:26.4
728:29.1
723:29.7
718:28.3
713:27.4
708:26.9
703:26.7
698:27.4
693:28.6
688:30.2
683:31.3
678:31.3
673:31.1
668:30.7
658:40.0
653:35.3
648:34.1
643:33.5
638:33.8
633:38.0
628:39.1
623:40.0
618:35.6
613:36.6
608:39.6
603:36.8
598:37.0
587:Dec
584:Nov
581:Oct
578:Sep
575:Aug
572:Jul
569:Jun
566:May
563:Apr
560:Mar
557:Feb
554:Jan
485:and
398:and
384:Peru
328:Area
260:Peru
160:Flag
132:Town
59:news
1583:Ica
1579:Ica
1357:Ica
1105:77
1102:74
1099:76
1096:78
1093:79
1090:80
1087:79
1084:78
1081:76
1078:76
1075:75
1072:76
1069:74
998:1.1
993:1.0
988:0.3
983:0.6
978:6.6
973:0.6
525:BWh
42:by
1746::
1189:.
1159:^
1142:.
1730:)
1726:(
1720:)
1716:(
1710:)
1706:(
1700:)
1696:(
1690:)
1686:(
1680:)
1676:(
1670:)
1666:(
1660:)
1656:(
1650:)
1646:(
1640:)
1636:(
1630:)
1626:(
1615:)
1611:(
1605:)
1601:(
1595:)
1591:(
1585:)
1581:(
1575:)
1571:(
1565:)
1561:(
1555:)
1551:(
1545:)
1541:(
1535:)
1531:(
1525:)
1521:(
1515:)
1511:(
1505:)
1501:(
1495:)
1491:(
1485:)
1481:(
1451:e
1444:t
1437:v
1272:e
1265:t
1258:v
1223:.
1201:.
1153:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
