276:; Maho (2009) considers this to be a distinct language. The other principal dialects are Dzibi (Dzivi) and Dzonga. According to some estimates, there are perhaps more than one million BaTswa, however not all can communicate in Tswa. Many Mozambicans, including census takers, regard it as a dialect of Tsonga.
707:
Tswa verbs change according to status (affirmative/negative), mood (indicative/potential), aspect, tense, number, person and class. The usual three persons used in the Bantu group apply, and the first and second persons plural are maximally inclusive. The class link is usually written as a separate
809:
Though Tswa does have a subjunctive, it does not change the standard '-a' at the end of a verb to an '-e' like most of the surrounding Bantu languages, unless it is used as an implied imperative in a dependent clause â a peculiarity it shares with the Tsonga and Ronga. The 'xi-' class, unlike its
284:
Tswa uses a variant of the Latin alphabet previously used for Tsonga. It is partly based on those developed by the
Portuguese colonists and Methodist missionaries to the region. The first major transliterator for the Tswa language into English was the Swede J. A. Persson, who consolidated the
560:
Tswa is a Bantu language and thus has a noun class system and verbal system easily recognisable to Bantu speakers throughout
Eastern and Southern Africa. In general the system is the same as in most Bantu languages. The following details are more specific.
548:
is sometimes used in words imported from Zulu, in which case it is pronounced in various ways, the clicks of Zulu not being native to the Tswa language. There are also several compounds, which include lateral fricatives.
1401:
1394:
848:
939:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
1387:
1208:
821:
569:
Instead of genders there are eight classes which have a similar but more complex role, where each noun begins with a class prefix as below:
2290:
1415:
182:
909:
932:
1201:
221:
810:
seeming equivalents in other languages, more closely mirrors the Nguni 'isi-' in that it has a strongly diminutive use.
925:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
1379:
211:
1194:
2342:
863:
2171:
552:
Like most Bantu languages, all syllables end in vowels or nasals. Tone is important but is rarely written.
77:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
407:
402:
397:
392:
388:
383:
2247:
1008:
204:(shi-Tswa) incl. varieties 99-AUT-daa...-dae + 99-AUT-db (shi-Hlengwe) incl. varieties 99-AUT-dba...-dbb
201:
2183:
2177:
2135:
1306:
1266:
836:
87:
71:
1175:
196:
112:
107:
1462:
1281:
993:
948:
1438:
2293:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
2281:
1731:
1217:
962:
8:
2165:
1619:
1613:
1503:
1368:
2058:
1468:
1231:
172:
1725:
1058:
541:
92:
217:
2006:
1854:
1818:
1777:
1713:
1695:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1625:
1561:
1497:
1450:
1363:
1353:
1256:
1246:
1154:
1149:
1103:
1078:
1053:
1043:
1038:
998:
97:
1409:
2212:
2206:
2159:
2052:
2046:
2040:
1988:
1982:
1925:
1913:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1789:
1783:
1771:
1737:
1637:
1631:
1549:
1411:
1348:
1291:
1286:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1083:
1073:
1033:
258:
246:
102:
63:
2274:
2253:
2241:
2218:
2153:
2147:
2129:
2117:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2023:
1994:
1976:
1970:
1919:
1830:
1824:
1801:
1707:
1701:
1660:
1555:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1480:
1474:
1456:
1444:
1358:
1322:
1301:
1296:
1276:
1271:
1251:
1236:
1159:
1108:
1098:
1088:
1068:
1048:
1028:
1023:
1013:
988:
983:
978:
262:
887:
708:
word, as in Tsonga and Ronga. Otherwise the paradigm is organised as follows:
2336:
2123:
1942:
1719:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1332:
1241:
1093:
1018:
1003:
2141:
2000:
1795:
1654:
1261:
1133:
1063:
917:
156:
82:
1186:
892:
250:
44:
269:
165:
149:
804:
377:
273:
229:
20:
1765:
225:
2298:
Narrow Bantu languages by
Guthrie classification zone templates
272:. Its largest dialect, Hlengwe, extends westwards to Southern
254:
640:
tools, means, languages, diminutives, defects, verbal nouns
228:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
268:Tswa is mainly spoken in the rural areas west of
19:"Dzonga" redirects here. Not to be confused with
2334:
805:Grammatical Peculiarities of Linguistic Interest
846:
668:mental qualities, states of mind, verbal nouns
1395:
1202:
933:
849:"Adjustment of Syllabic Structure in Citshwa"
847:Chivambo, Albino; Liphola, Marcelino (2022).
856:Arusha Working Papers in African Linguistics
829:Arusha Working Papers in African Linguistics
16:Bantu language spoken in southern Mozambique
2322:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones NâS)
2317:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones JâM)
2312:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones EâH)
2307:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones CâD)
2302:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones AâB)
947:
1402:
1388:
1209:
1195:
940:
926:
1216:
819:
626:impersonal objects, particularly fruit
222:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2335:
902:
1383:
1190:
921:
564:
555:
13:
2280:Languages between parentheses are
881:
813:
14:
2354:
702:
285:alphabet for Tswa specifically.
910:New Updated Guthrie List Online
822:"Nominal Morphology in Citshwa"
654:particularly nouns for animals
2284:of the language on their left.
1:
874:
375:
289:
253:. Its closest relatives are
7:
376:
290:
279:
10:
2359:
862:(1): 21â56. Archived from
835:(1): 57â99. Archived from
18:
2266:
2233:
2192:
2109:
2032:
2015:
1962:
1955:
1934:
1905:
1810:
1757:
1750:
1687:
1646:
1605:
1598:
1541:
1512:
1489:
1430:
1423:
1341:
1315:
1224:
1168:
1142:
971:
955:
820:Chivambo, Albino (2022).
208:
195:
179:
163:
147:
142:
60:
50:
40:
33:
28:
1176:Mozambican Sign Language
908:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
598:mainly nouns for people
261:, the three forming the
949:Languages of Mozambique
898:(subscription required)
56:1.2 million (2006)
2291:Guthrie classification
1416:Guthrie classification
210:This article contains
1218:Languages of Zimbabwe
265:family of languages.
245:) is a South-Eastern
2343:Tswa-Ronga languages
1316:Unofficial languages
972:Indigenous languages
1504:Mwera of Mbamba Bay
1342:Immigrant languages
1143:Immigrant languages
612:impersonal objects
2136:(Northern) Ndebele
1232:Zimbabwean English
1225:Official languages
721:Present continuous
2330:
2329:
2275:extinct languages
2262:
2261:
1951:
1950:
1920:North-West Herero
1746:
1745:
1594:
1593:
1377:
1376:
1184:
1183:
956:Official language
896:(18th ed., 2015)
700:
699:
565:Noun class system
556:Basics of grammar
531:
530:
236:
235:
218:rendering support
214:phonetic symbols.
2350:
2184:Sumayela Ndebele
1960:
1959:
1897:Kolonkadhi-Eunda
1755:
1754:
1603:
1602:
1428:
1427:
1414:(Zones NâS) (by
1404:
1397:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1188:
1187:
942:
935:
928:
919:
918:
912:
906:
900:
899:
885:
870:
868:
853:
843:
841:
826:
572:
571:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
409:
404:
399:
394:
390:
385:
288:
287:
191:
185:
175:
159:
152:
98:Southern Bantoid
66:
26:
25:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2258:
2229:
2188:
2105:
2028:
2011:
1947:
1930:
1926:Botswana Herero
1901:
1806:
1742:
1732:Lomwe of Malawi
1683:
1642:
1590:
1537:
1508:
1485:
1481:Ngoni of Malawi
1419:
1412:Bantu languages
1408:
1378:
1373:
1337:
1311:
1220:
1215:
1185:
1180:
1164:
1138:
967:
951:
946:
916:
915:
907:
903:
897:
886:
882:
877:
866:
851:
839:
824:
816:
814:Further reading
807:
772:Past continuous
727:Past continuous
705:
682:abstract nouns
567:
558:
282:
216:Without proper
189:
186:
181:
171:
155:
148:
138:
67:
64:Language family
62:
53:
52:Native speakers
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2356:
2346:
2345:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1964:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1761:
1759:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1169:Sign languages
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
969:
968:
966:
965:
959:
957:
953:
952:
945:
944:
937:
930:
922:
914:
913:
901:
879:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
869:on 2023-01-30.
844:
842:on 2023-01-30.
815:
812:
806:
803:
802:
801:
800:
799:
796:
793:
787:
786:
785:
784:Future Perfect
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
761:
757:
756:
755:
754:
751:
748:
742:
741:
740:
739:Future perfect
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
713:
704:
703:Verbal systems
701:
698:
697:
694:
691:
688:
684:
683:
680:
677:
674:
670:
669:
666:
663:
660:
656:
655:
652:
649:
646:
642:
641:
638:
635:
632:
628:
627:
624:
621:
618:
614:
613:
610:
607:
604:
600:
599:
596:
593:
590:
586:
585:
582:
579:
576:
566:
563:
557:
554:
529:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
405:
400:
395:
386:
381:
374:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
281:
278:
247:Bantu language
234:
233:
220:, you may see
206:
205:
199:
193:
192:
187:
180:
177:
176:
169:
161:
160:
153:
145:
144:
143:Language codes
140:
139:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
120:
108:Southern Bantu
78:AtlanticâCongo
70:
68:
61:
58:
57:
54:
51:
48:
47:
42:
41:Native to
38:
37:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2355:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2178:South Ndebele
2175:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1307:Zimbabwe Sign
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
970:
964:
961:
960:
958:
954:
950:
943:
938:
936:
931:
929:
924:
923:
920:
911:
905:
895:
894:
889:
884:
880:
865:
861:
857:
850:
845:
838:
834:
830:
823:
818:
817:
811:
797:
794:
791:
790:
788:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
764:
762:
759:
758:
752:
749:
746:
745:
743:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
695:
692:
689:
686:
685:
681:
678:
675:
672:
671:
667:
664:
661:
658:
657:
653:
650:
647:
644:
643:
639:
636:
633:
630:
629:
625:
622:
619:
616:
615:
611:
608:
605:
602:
601:
597:
594:
591:
588:
587:
583:
580:
577:
575:Class Number
574:
573:
570:
562:
553:
550:
547:
544:. The letter
543:
539:
535:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
406:
401:
396:
387:
382:
379:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
286:
277:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
213:
207:
203:
200:
198:
194:
188:
184:
178:
174:
170:
168:
167:
162:
158:
154:
151:
146:
141:
119:
116:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:
106:
105:
104:
101:
100:
99:
96:
95:
94:
91:
90:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
75:
73:
69:
65:
59:
55:
49:
46:
43:
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
2270:
2224:
2200:
1327:
1128:
904:
891:
883:
864:the original
859:
855:
837:the original
832:
828:
808:
763:Indicative:
715:Indicative:
706:
696:infinitives
568:
559:
551:
545:
540:are lightly
537:
533:
532:
283:
267:
249:in Southern
242:
238:
237:
209:
197:Linguasphere
183:Guthrie code
164:
117:
34:
1586:Sena-Malawi
789:Potential:
744:Potential:
712:Affirmative
224:instead of
88:BenueâCongo
83:Volta-Congo
72:NigerâCongo
2166:Nhlangwini
2142:Old Mfengu
2083:Phalaborwa
1879:Dombondola
1614:Ndengereko
1369:Portuguese
963:Portuguese
893:Ethnologue
875:References
778:Pluperfect
733:Pluperfect
263:TswaâRonga
251:Mozambique
113:TswaâRonga
45:Mozambique
2282:varieties
2273:indicate
2059:Khalaxadi
1891:Kwaluudhi
1867:Ndongwena
1837:Ngandyera
1469:Ndendeule
578:Singular
270:Inhambane
202:99-AUT-da
166:Glottolog
150:ISO 639-3
2337:Category
1971:Korekore
1861:Mbalanhu
1819:Kwanyama
1533:Manganja
1242:Chibarwe
1059:Nathembo
994:Chitonga
989:Chichopi
760:Negative
542:whistled
280:Alphabet
274:Zimbabwe
230:Help:IPA
190:S.51,511
173:tswa1255
21:Dzongkha
2271:Italics
2225:Hlengwe
2007:Kalanga
1995:Karanga
1983:Manyika
1873:Kwankwa
1855:Mbandja
1778:Nyaneka
1766:Umbundu
1667:Makonde
1626:Matumbi
1562:Nyungwe
1498:Tumbuka
1451:Matengo
1410:Narrow
1364:Chinese
1354:Punjabi
1267:Ndebele
1247:Kalanga
1155:Punjabi
1150:English
1104:Swahili
1079:Nyungwe
1054:Manyika
1044:Makonde
1039:Makhuwa
1014:Kimwani
1009:Gitonga
999:Chuwabu
798:Perfect
792:Present
775:Perfect
766:Present
753:Perfect
747:Present
730:Perfect
718:Present
581:Plural
291:Letter:
226:Unicode
93:Bantoid
2252:[S611
2223:[S511
2213:Tsonga
2207:Gwamba
2160:Phuthi
2140:[S401
2101:Pulana
2089:Kutswe
2081:[S301
2071:Lobedu
2053:Ngwatu
2047:Kgatla
2041:Tswana
1977:Zezuru
1956:Zone S
1918:[R311
1914:Herero
1885:Esinga
1843:Kafima
1841:[R211
1831:Kwambi
1825:Ndonga
1790:Kuvale
1788:[R101
1784:Khumbi
1772:Ndombe
1751:Zone R
1738:Moniga
1726:Sakati
1718:[P311
1679:Mabiha
1673:Ndonde
1638:Mbunga
1632:Ngindo
1599:Zone P
1584:[N441
1550:Nsenga
1521:Nyanja
1502:[N201
1467:[N101
1424:Zone N
1349:French
1292:Tswana
1287:Tsonga
1257:Nambya
1252:Koisan
1124:Tsonga
1114:Tawara
1084:Phimbi
1074:Nsenga
1034:Maindo
781:Future
736:Future
259:Tsonga
243:Xitswa
35:Xitswa
2254:Lenge
2248:Tonga
2219:Ronga
2182:S408
2176:S407
2170:S406
2164:S405
2158:S404
2154:Hlubi
2152:S403
2148:Bhaca
2146:S402
2130:Swati
2118:Xhosa
2099:S304
2093:S303
2087:S302
2077:Sotho
2069:S32b
2063:S32a
2057:S31d
2051:S31c
2045:S31b
2039:S31a
2024:Venda
1987:S13b
1981:S13a
1924:R312
1895:R242
1889:R241
1883:R218
1877:R217
1871:R216
1865:R215
1859:R214
1853:R213
1849:Evale
1847:R212
1802:Mbali
1800:R103
1796:Kwisi
1794:R102
1736:P341
1730:P331
1724:P312
1714:Cuabo
1708:Ngulu
1702:Lomwe
1696:Makua
1661:Mwera
1620:Ruihi
1580:Podzo
1556:Kunda
1531:N31c
1525:N31b
1519:N31a
1479:N121
1475:Nindi
1473:N102
1463:Tonga
1457:Mpoto
1445:Ngoni
1439:Manda
1359:Hindi
1323:Kunda
1302:Xhosa
1297:Venda
1282:Tonga
1277:Sotho
1272:Shona
1237:Chewa
1160:Hindi
1109:Swati
1099:Shona
1089:Ronga
1069:Ngoni
1049:Makwe
1029:Lomwe
1024:Kunda
984:Chewa
979:Barwe
867:(PDF)
852:(PDF)
840:(PDF)
825:(PDF)
584:Uses
378:Value
255:Ronga
103:Bantu
2289:The
2246:S62
2242:Copi
2240:S61
2217:S54
2211:S53
2205:S52
2201:Tswa
2199:S51
2172:Lala
2134:S44
2128:S43
2124:Zulu
2122:S42
2116:S41
2075:S33
2065:Pedi
2022:S21
2005:S16
2001:Ndau
1999:S15
1993:S14
1989:Tebe
1975:S12
1969:S11
1941:R41
1912:R31
1835:R24
1829:R23
1823:R22
1817:R21
1782:R14
1776:R13
1770:R12
1764:R11
1720:Koti
1712:P34
1706:P33
1700:P32
1694:P31
1677:P25
1671:P24
1665:P23
1659:P22
1653:P21
1636:P15
1630:P14
1624:P13
1618:P12
1612:P11
1578:N46
1572:N45
1568:Sena
1566:N44
1560:N43
1554:N42
1548:N41
1527:Cewa
1496:N21
1461:N15
1455:N14
1449:N13
1443:N12
1437:N11
1333:Lozi
1328:Tswa
1262:Ndau
1129:Tswa
1119:Tewe
1094:Sena
1064:Ndau
1019:Koti
1004:Dema
888:Tswa
795:Past
769:Past
750:Past
724:Past
676:wu-
665:ti-
662:li-
651:ti-
648:yi-
637:áşi-
634:xi-
623:ma-
620:gi-
609:mi-
606:mu-
595:ba-
592:ma-
536:and
257:and
239:Tswa
118:Tswa
29:Tswa
2234:S60
2193:S50
2110:S40
2095:Pai
2033:S30
2016:S20
1963:S10
1943:Yei
1935:R40
1906:R30
1811:R20
1758:R10
1688:P30
1655:Yao
1647:P20
1606:P10
1574:Rue
1542:N40
1513:N30
1490:N20
1431:N10
1134:Yao
890:at
690:ku
212:IPA
157:tsc
2339::
858:.
854:.
831:.
827:.
693:-
687:8
679:-
673:7
659:6
645:5
631:4
617:3
603:2
589:1
432:dĘ
398:tĘ
372:áş
74:?
2277:.
1418:)
1403:e
1396:t
1389:v
1210:e
1203:t
1196:v
941:e
934:t
927:v
860:4
833:4
546:Q
538:áş
534:Ĺ
526:Ę
521:z
516:j
511:Ę
506:w
501:v
496:u
491:t
486:Ę
481:s
476:r
471:p
466:o
464:~
462:É
457:Ĺ
452:n
447:m
442:l
437:k
427:i
422:h
417:ÉĄ
412:É
410:~
408:e
403:d
393:β
391:~
389:b
384:a
380::
369:Z
366:Y
363:X
360:W
357:V
354:U
351:T
348:Ĺ
345:S
342:R
339:P
336:O
333:áš
330:N
327:M
324:L
321:K
318:J
315:I
312:H
309:G
306:E
303:D
300:C
297:B
294:A
241:(
232:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.