256:. Identified as a “financier, essayist, art connoisseur, and chairman of the council for the prevention of prostitution,” Sugawara decried that an estimated 27 percent of geisha were engaging in prostitution, a result of rising expenses associated with the lifestyle. (Citing the diminishing number and advancing average age of geisha in Japan, he also asserted that girls now “prefer to become dancers, models, and cabaret and bar hostesses rather than start training in music and dancing at the age of seven or eight,” the traditional route required to become a full geisha by 18 or 19 years old.)
31:
344:, which recommended the establishment of an official government holiday every February 11 to commemorate the founding of Japan. Through the holiday, which ultimately was adopted, the council also sought to reassert a sense of national pride in response to public disfavor toward patriotic expression following
299:
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criminalized solicitation, procurement, and contracts for prostitution, though not the act of prostitution itself. Sugawara admitted that the compromise legislation contained loopholes but at least made it illegal to sell daughters into prostitution, and he suggested that if prostitution could not be
259:
In the 1960s
Sugawara chaired the Japanese National Committee for the Struggle Against Addiction to Drugs, estimating in 1965 that one-third of China's opium output was smuggled into Japan every year, pulling from its annual economy the 2021 equivalent of US$ 1.5 billion. Working with Shiro Nabarro,
355:, Sugawara appeared in seven of the director's last eight films, making him a ubiquitous presence in many of the most popular and accessible works of “one of the most influential and famous filmmakers in the history of Japanese cinema.” Beginning in
133:
railroad magnate, Sugawara became a real estate developer and industrialist, notably effecting the subdivision, improvement, and accessibility of
Kamakurayama (the city's mountain district) as a high-end residential area in the 1930s. He bridged
80:
Michinari
Sugawara 菅原みちなり (real name); Tsusai Sugawara, Tsu'sai Sugawara, Tsūsai Sugawara, Tsuzai Sugawara, Tsūzai Sugawara, Tsûsai Sugahara, Tsusai Sugahara, Tsu'sai Sugahara, Tsūsai Sugahara, Tsuzai Sugahara, Tsūzai Sugahara (alternate English
285:
The plan is credited with nearly eliminating the problem “in a very short time,” and as chairman of the
Committee on Drug Abuse Control, which operated out of the Prime Minister's office, Sugawara served as a consultant to the U.S. government's
229:
In addition to organizing his own efforts, Sugawara's top-level relationships enabled him to influence Japan's social policy through direct appointments by Prime
Ministers to various councils and committees. In 1956 Prime Minister
318:(Ch'ing-cho Cheng-ch'eng 清拙正澄), is a death verse that chronicles a large wave soaking the stars and deities as a rod-wielding temple guardian futilely tries to stop the end of the world by chasing after the lightning.
239:
eradicated, official regulation may become an option: “If is found to be completely unworkable, then all we have to do is scrap it. People might even think then that licensed prostitution is the only answer.”
222:. His high-profile activities as founder and president of “The Society for the Banishment of the Three Evils” even included appearing in several crime films inspired by his campaign, three of which starred
183:
asserted in 1948 that
Sugawara headed Japan's powerful “contractor syndicate” and provided “generous” financial support to multiple rival political parties because he “want railway contracts.”
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to hold and catalog his acquisitions, which the organization continues to display at special events and museum exhibitions. The foundation possesses one of the largest collections of
333:
Sugawara's numerous books and essays further attest to his devotion to
Japanese cultural preservation, and he created many of his own traditional works of calligraphy and brush art.
264:
and
Chairman of both the Labor Committee and the Cabinet Commission on Narcotics Problems, Sugawara implemented a four-part plan he devised to end the nation's “serious threat” of
330:
calligraphy, ceramics, and religious arts in Japan. Sugawara's son Hisao (Toshio) and grandson Ken (its current director) have served the organization in leadership roles.
790:
Hastings, Sally (2013). "Chapter 2: Disputing Rights: The Debate over Anti-Prostitution
Legislation in 1950s Japan". In Burns, Susan & Brooks, Barbara (eds.).
398:, the only one to feature his character in multiple scenes, he muses over a newspaper article announcing the end of legal prostitution in Japan.
938:
384:, the Ozu film in which a viewer is most likely to infer that Sugawara is playing himself, he is asked at a bar to comment on journalist
584:
An Empire in
Eclipse: Japan in the Post-war American Alliance System: A Study in the Interaction of Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy
1126:
1076:"Yearning For a Lost Era: Cultural Identity, Nostalgia, and the Transience of Time in the Films of Ozu Yasujiro and Wong Kar-wai"
113:
was a Japanese social activist, business leader, writer, art patron, and occasional actor. In the West he is best known for his
392:
campaign to turn Japan into “a nation of 100 million idiots.” Sugawara leans back and says, “Yes. TV sets are a nuisance.” In
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To appeal to the general public for cooperation by enlightening them into the realization of the misery of narcotic addiction.
153:
He served as president of Japan's Construction Industry Association and was instrumental in the restoration that followed the
872:"Special Needs Populations: The Drug and Alcohol Dependent Introductory Address, The Hong Kong Society for Rehabilitation"
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310:. Sugawara's interpretation, also rendered as a hanging scroll, truncates the text and includes a self-portrait. The
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by Sugawara or references to traits for which he was known, such as his business acumen or imposing personality.
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An active social reformer, Sugawara led a public crusade in postwar Japan against the “three vices” of
252:
303:
143:
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357:
322:
Sugawara was an avid art collector, particularly of Japanese and Chinese antiquities, founding the
158:
609:
Soft Power and Its Perils: U.S. Cultural Policy in Early Postwar Japan and Permanent Dependency
348:, and this subtext for their efforts has subjected the holiday to controversy over the years.
234:
established a Council on Prostitution Policy which was chaired by Sugawara, and the resulting
687:
1183:
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409:
367:, the brief roles enhance the movies’ historical resonance and cultural realism, featuring
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8:
1103:
A Nation of a Hundred Million Idiots? A Social History of Japanese Television, 1953-1973
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To commit narcotic addicts to treatment centers and cure them at government expense.
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To make the penalties for dealing more severe, including life imprisonment.
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in Kamakura honors Sugawara for his contribution to the city's prosperity.
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1022:. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)
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with Japan's first toll road, and he developed and managed the region's
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that was culled from an article Sugawara had written for the magazine
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488:. The Japan Heritage “Iza, Kamakura” Consociation. 2017. p. 40.
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1043:"In the Style of Ozu: Critical Making and Postwar Japanese Cinema"
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53:
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Japanese-English Bilingual Corpus of Knowledge's Kyoto Articles
265:
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912:
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57:
878:. 16th World Congress of Rehabilitation International No.12
897:
United States Marihuana and Drug Abuse Commission (1973).
202:
corruption scandal that drove Ashida from office in 1948.
720:. Charters Towers, Queensland, Australia. 8 December 1948
243:
644:(6). American Political Science Association: 1149–1162.
408:(1962), briefly playing himself on a TV panel with star
190:, a “disciple” of his who eventually became governor of
186:
Among the politicians whose careers he cultivated was
169:
Sugawara's driving ambition, his passion for Japanese
688:"Barren Senkaku Nationalism and China-Japan Conflict"
466:(in Japanese). movie.walkerplus.com. 21 December 2013
532:(in Japanese). ginnews.whoselab.com. 20 January 2018
89:
Civic Leader, Businessman, Writer, Art Patron, Actor
899:
Drug Use in America: Problem in Perspective, Vol. 2
401:Sugawara received a “special appearance” credit in
302:Detail of Sugawara's own version of one of the two
848:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taiwan. 1 July 1965
340:appointed Sugawara as chairman of the Council for
1170:
971:(in Japanese). keibatsugaku.com. 10 October 2021
764:
246:reported a story about the plight of modern-day
901:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 779.
794:. University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 70–71.
288:National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse
106:
100:
816:"Goodby to Geisha Girl, She's on Her Way Out"
765:Saaler, Sven; Schwentker, Wolfgang (2008).
388:1957 warning that television was part of a
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575:
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486:Kamakura, A Historical and Cultural Mosaic
29:
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611:. Stanford University Press. p. 76.
117:in several of the last films directed by
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634:"Underground Politics in Post-War Japan"
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306:that he owned which are now held by the
297:
913:"About the Tokiwayama Bunko Foundation"
792:Gender and Law in the Japanese Imperium
632:Wildes, Harry Emerson (December 1948).
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860:
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324:Tokiwayama Bunko (Library) Foundation
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500:"Former Sanki-en Estate in Kamakura"
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767:The Power of Memory in Modern Japan
740:"Tokyo Seoul Bangkok Drug Triangle"
198:, Sugawara became embroiled in the
13:
1016:"National Foundation Day (建国記念の日)"
994:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 838.
293:
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111:, 16 February 1894 – 13 June 1981)
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1200:
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638:American Political Science Review
180:American Political Science Review
164:
157:of 1923. A stone tablet near the
876:Disability Information Resources
822:. Ogden, Utah. 27 September 1959
769:. Global Oriental. p. 218.
272:To destroy the smuggling routes.
194:. As a backer of Prime Minister
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939:"Tsurugaoka Intellectual Salon"
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870:Garner, T.G. (September 1988).
842:"Peiping's Narcotics Offensive"
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146:, which connects Kamakura with
746:. Wordpress.com. 31 March 2017
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586:. A&C Black. p. 434.
552:"Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine"
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919:(in Japanese). tokiwayama.org
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1133:. bfi.org.uk. Archived from
1101:Chun, Jayson Makoto (2006).
440:(in Japanese). Asahi Shinbun
159:Tsurugaoka Hachimangū shrine
7:
992:Japanese Biographical Index
945:. The Tsurugaoka Hachimangu
917:Tokiwayama Bunko Foundation
820:The Ogden Standard-Examiner
686:Wani, Yukio (8 July 2012).
308:Tokiwayama Bunko Foundation
304:Japanese National Treasures
236:Prostitution Prevention Law
107:
10:
1205:
990:Wispelwey, Berend (2013).
506:. japanpropertycentral.com
268:abuse in the early 1970s:
1189:Japanese male film actors
1041:Schoneveld, Erin (2017).
607:Matsuda, Takeshi (2007).
412:, brother of his protege
144:Enoshima Electric Railway
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85:
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1105:. Routledge. p. 3.
692:The Asia-Pacific Journal
526:"Landscape with Flowers"
336:In 1966, Prime Minister
262:House of Representatives
582:Welfield, John (2013).
342:National Foundation Day
1131:British Film Institute
504:Japan Property Central
319:
155:Great Kantō Earthquake
943:Tsurugaoka Hachimangu
314:, created in 1339 by
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1047:ASIANetwork Exchange
714:"Arrest For Swindle"
556:Kamakura Citizen Net
290:shortly thereafter.
260:a member of Japan's
206:Social reform agenda
1137:on February 2, 2018
361:and excluding only
35:Tsûsai Sugawara in
1082:. ryan-harding.com
718:The Northern Miner
320:
1127:"Tsusai Sugawara"
969:Marriage of State
965:"Sugawara Family"
744:Sketches of Chiba
460:"Tsûsai Sugawara"
434:"Sugawara Tsûsai"
414:Shintaro Ishihara
373:social commentary
364:The End of Summer
188:Shintaro Ishihara
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115:cameo appearances
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386:Sōichi Ōya's
381:Good Morning
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353:Yasujirō Ozu
351:A friend of
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102:菅原通済 or 菅原通濟
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70:(1981-06-13)
68:13 June 1981
36:
1184:1981 deaths
1179:1894 births
694:. apjjf.org
338:Eisaku Satō
224:Sonny Chiba
200:Showa Denko
1173:Categories
1112:1135869774
1026:4 February
975:9 November
949:8 February
852:8 February
826:16 October
530:Ginza News
420:References
403:Kurahara’s
390:mass media
666:147573344
438:Kotobanku
242:In 1959,
1086:12 April
882:16 April
671:10 April
562:12 April
510:12 April
470:31 March
444:31 March
371:such as
369:in-jokes
328:bokuseki
312:original
175:“fixer.”
148:Fujisawa
140:Enoshima
131:Kamakura
1141:4 April
923:4 April
750:4 April
724:8 April
698:8 April
658:1950619
54:Kashiwa
1109:
1053:: 59.
998:
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266:heroin
248:geisha
218:, and
41:(1959)
662:S2CID
654:JSTOR
536:8 May
192:Tokyo
136:Ōfuna
58:Japan
1164:IMDb
1143:2019
1107:ISBN
1088:2019
1028:2021
996:ISBN
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951:2021
925:2019
884:2019
854:2021
828:2019
796:ISBN
771:ISBN
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613:ISBN
588:ISBN
564:2019
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177:The
65:Died
47:Born
1162:at
1055:doi
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244:UPI
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