31:
44:
1642:
911:
510:
1788:
mammalian seed-eaters. One recent publication even raises doubts about wheat's safety for anyone to eat. Overlapping properties with regard to food preparation have made these proteins much more useful as cereal cultivars, and a balanced perspective suggests a variable tolerance to
Triticeae glutens reflects early childhood environment and genetic predisposition.
223:; crops in other genera include some for human consumption, and others used for animal feed or rangeland protection. Among the world's cultivated species, this tribe has some of the most complex genetic histories. An example is bread wheat, which contains the genomes of three species with only one being a wheat
1746:
Intense use of wild
Triticeae can be seen in the Levant as early as 23,000 years ago. This site, Ohala II (Israel), also shows that Triticeae grains were processed and cooked. Many cultivars appear to have been domesticated in the region of the upper Fertile Crescent, Levant and central Anatolia.
1602:
Many genera and species of
Triticeae are allopolyploids, having more chromosomes than seen in typical diploids. Typical allopolyploids are tetraploid or hexaploid, XXYY or XXYYZZ. The creation of polyploid species results from natural random events tolerated by polyploid-capable plants. Natural
1787:
studies are important in determining the links between gluten and gastrointestinal, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. Some of the recently discovered biochemical and immunochemical properties of these proteins suggest they evolved for protection against dedicated or continuous consumption by
1766:
Today, rye and other
Triticeae cultivars are used to graze animals, particularly cattle. Rye grasses in the New World have been used selectively as fodder, but also to protect grasslands without the introduction of invasive Old World species.
1614:(domesticated rye) may be a very early branch from the goat grass clad (or goat grasses are a branch of early rye grasses), as branch these are almost contemporary with the branching between monoploid wheat and
544:
Various species (rarely identifiable to species in archaeological material) occur in pre-agrarian archaeobotanical remains from Near
Eastern sites. Their edible grains were doubtless harvested as wild food
1804:
Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Teisher, Jordan K.; Clark, Lynn G.; Barberá, Patricia; Gillespie, Lynn J.; Zuloaga, Fernando O. (2017).
1565:. The broad distribution of cultivars within the Tribe and the properties of the proteins have implication in the treatment of certain digestive diseases and autoimmune disorders.
2678:
Bao F, Yu L, Babu S, et al. (1999). "One third of HLA DQ2 homozygous patients with type 1 diabetes express celiac disease-associated transglutaminase autoantibodies".
1898:
Oliver, R.E.; Cai, X.; Friesen, T.L.; Halley, S.; Stack, R.W.; Xu, S.S. (2008). "Evaluation of
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)".
2050:
Mason-Gamer R, Orme N, Anderson C (2002). "Phylogenetic analysis of North
American Elymus and the monogenomic Triticeae (Poaceae) using three chloroplast DNA data sets".
1925:
Kubo N, Salomon B, Komatsuda T, von
Bothmer R, Kadowaki K (2005). "Structural and distributional variation of mitochondrial rps2 genes in the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae)".
2087:"Molecular characterization of a diagnostic DNA marker for domesticated tetraploid wheat provides evidence for gene flow from wild tetraploid wheat to hexaploid wheat"
1747:
More recent evidence suggests that cultivation of wheat from emmer's wheat required a longer period with wild seeding maintaining a presence in archaeological finds.
2443:
Mamone G, Ferranti P, Rossi M, et al. (2007). "Identification of a peptide from alpha-gliadin resistant to digestive enzymes: Implications for celiac disease".
2529:"Is gliadin really safe for non-coeliac individuals? Production of interleukin 15 in biopsy culture from non-coeliac individuals challenged with gliadin peptides"
2126:
Heun M, Schäfer-Pregl R, Klawan D, Castagna R, Accerbi M, Borghi B, Salamini F (1997). "Site of
Einkorn Wheat Domestication Identified by DNA Fingerprinting".
2400:
Silano M, Dessì M, De
Vincenzi M, Cornell H (2007). "In vitro tests indicate that certain varieties of oats may be harmful to patients with coeliac disease".
2774:
1549:
genomes, the capacity to form allopolyploid genomes varies within the tribe. In this tribe, the majority of diploid species tested are closely related to
1691:
after an estimated 4 million years ago. The divergence of the genomes is followed by allotetraploidization of a speltoid goatgrass x basal wheat species
2011:"Phylogenetic relationships in Elymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast trnL-F sequences"
1763:. In this hypothesis grains could be planted or shared for the purpose of attracting game animals so that they could be hunted close to settlements.
1703:
286:
2890:
2220:
Piperno D, Weiss E, Holst I, Nadel D (2004). "Processing of wild cereal grains in the Upper Palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis".
160:
2795:
2617:
Guandalini S (2007). "The influence of gluten: weaning recommendations for healthy children and children at risk for celiac disease".
2790:
2851:
1603:
allopolyploid plants may have selective advantages and some may permit the recombination of distantly related genetic material.
1806:"A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications"
2634:
2979:
2785:
2780:
2480:"Identification and Analysis of Multivalent Proteolytically Resistant Peptides from Gluten: Implications for Celiac Sprue"
1671:
could potentially represent core variants of the taxa. The generic placement may be more a matter of nomenclature. Genera
1534:
with barley and 10 other members of Triticeae, whereas all 19 genera of Triticeae bear a wheat marker along with Bromeae.
1632:
declined. At that time other strains of barley and wheat may have been cultivated, but humans did little to change them.
1530:). Inter-generic gene flow characterized these taxa from the early stages. For example, Poeae and Aveneae share a mtDNA
594:
Various species are cultivated for pastoral purposes or to protect fallow land from opportunistic or invasive species
2856:
2895:
2314:
Weiss E, Kislev ME, Hartmann A (2006). "(Perspectives-Anthropology:) Autonomous Cultivation Before Domestication".
2877:
922:
about cladogram of the nuclear genome sets; some more clear discussion separating nuclear and organellar topics.
207:
of grasses that includes genera with many domesticated species. Major crop genera found in this tribe include
1595:(HHStSt), but also shows introgression from Australian and Agropyron wheatgrasses. Elymus contains mostly
2838:
1641:
748:
43:
2764:
2578:"Safe gluten threshold for patients with celiac disease: some patients are more tolerant than others"
1779:. While it was once believed that oats carried similar potentials, recent studies indicate that most
2664:
554:
615:
2974:
2806:
1683:
species occupy most of the basal branch points in bread wheat evolution indicating that genus
2931:
1970:"Reticulate evolution, introgression, and intertribal gene capture in an allohexaploid grass"
709:
698:
2908:
604:
2229:
2174:
2135:
1386:
830:
767:
757:
687:
676:
644:
655:
8:
1405:
1040:
990:
844:
610:
549:
2233:
2178:
2139:
1759:
component that some contend goes back to the Neolithic period and is referred to as the
924:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
2744:
2652:
2553:
2528:
2504:
2479:
2425:
2382:
2339:
2296:
2253:
1950:
1880:
1776:
972:
882:
704:
693:
38:
2713:
Zubillaga P, Vidales MC, Zubillaga I, Ormaechea V, GarcĂa-UrkĂa N, Vitoria JC (2002).
2621:. Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series: Pediatric Program. Vol. 60. pp. 139–55.
2197:
2162:
2964:
2903:
2736:
2731:
2714:
2695:
2640:
2630:
2599:
2558:
2509:
2460:
2417:
2413:
2386:
2374:
2331:
2288:
2245:
2202:
2108:
2067:
2032:
2027:
2010:
1991:
1942:
1872:
1837:
1784:
1628:
and to evidence for the cultivation of wheat. As climate changed the favorability of
1366:
1078:
599:
564:
230:
2748:
2429:
2343:
2300:
1954:
1884:
2969:
2726:
2715:"HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genetic markers and clinical presentation in celiac disease"
2687:
2622:
2589:
2548:
2540:
2499:
2491:
2452:
2409:
2366:
2323:
2280:
2257:
2237:
2192:
2182:
2143:
2098:
2059:
2022:
1981:
1934:
1907:
1864:
1827:
1817:
682:
671:
30:
2843:
2456:
2370:
2284:
2147:
1780:
1695:
with strains in the middle eastern region giving rise to cultivated emmer wheat.
1112:
1015:
650:
461:
454:
332:
200:
81:
1911:
1760:
2941:
1868:
1542:
1531:
1210:
925:
890:
414:
373:
320:
314:
212:
68:
2769:
1986:
1969:
1938:
1738:
underwent rapid selective evolution prior to combining with tetraploid wheat.
2958:
2829:
1841:
1604:
1546:
307:
279:
175:
94:
2594:
2577:
2544:
2327:
2187:
2103:
2086:
1726:(Caucasus to S. Caspian, N. Iran). The D genome of bread wheat is closer to
2921:
2740:
2699:
2691:
2644:
2603:
2562:
2513:
2464:
2421:
2378:
2335:
2292:
2249:
2206:
2112:
2071:
2036:
1995:
1946:
1876:
786:
518:
482:
475:
432:
426:
234:
1897:
2864:
2527:
Bernardo D, Garrote JA, Fernández-Salazar L, Riestra S, Arranz E (2007).
447:
359:
272:
265:
107:
2775:
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
2241:
1832:
2526:
863:
489:
440:
380:
352:
293:
2869:
2626:
2495:
1822:
1805:
1775:
Glutens (storage proteins) in the Triticeae tribe have been linked to
741:(ergot of spurred rye) at very low doses; dangerously toxic as food.
401:
393:
366:
338:
326:
300:
258:
140:
2882:
2800:
2063:
2916:
2823:
2271:
Lev-Yadun S, Gopher A, Abbo S (2000). "The Cradle of Agriculture".
1756:
1625:
496:
344:
251:
225:
204:
150:
2712:
731:(Cereal Rye) – Livestock feed and sour dough bread – 6 subspecies.
245:
Genera recognized in Triticeae according to Robert Soreng et al.:
1679:
are very closely related; as the adjacent image illustrates, the
1587:
1538:
509:
420:
387:
127:
2777:– An excellent resource for the ancestral genetics of Triticeae.
1855:
Eadie M (2004). "Ergot of rye-the first specific for migraine".
1803:
1635:
910:
2125:
1924:
1620:
1516:(bromes or cheat grasses) when joined form a sister clade with
1511:
633:
526:
468:
408:
216:
117:
2160:
2399:
1518:
869:
858:
809:
738:
557:, putative source of B genome in bread wheat and G genome in
522:
208:
55:
2163:"The broad spectrum revisited: Evidence from plant remains"
1553:, the more distal members (earliest branch points) include
944:
2350:
2085:
Dvorak J, Akhunov ED, Akhunov AR, Deal KR, Luo MC (2006).
1527:
727:
530:
220:
2357:
Balter M (2007). "Seeking Agriculture's Ancient Roots".
2084:
1647:
2049:
1698:
2478:
Shan L, Qiao SW, Arentz-Hansen H, et al. (2005).
2219:
2477:
2264:
2161:
Weiss E, Wetterstrom W, Nadel D, Bar-Yosef O (2004).
1710:
produced a hulled wheat similar to spelt, suggesting
1624:) was cultivated, but not domesticated, prior to the
2442:
2313:
2270:
2786:Triticum (genome) Comparative Classification Table
2781:Aegilops (genome) Comparative Classification Table
2575:
2009:Liu Q, Ge S, Tang H, Zhang X, Zhu G, Lu B (2006).
2307:
1961:
1797:
1581:then genome = HH. Allotetraploid combinations of
2956:
2154:
1607:is an example of a stable allotetraploid wheat.
710:used in North America, seed hairs must be singed
699:Edible seeds, harvesting problematic small seeds
1741:
504:
2791:Genomes in Aegilops, Triticum, and Amblyopyrum
2008:
1573:One of the earliest branches in Triticeae, to
637:– common barley (6 subspecies, ~100 cultivars)
1967:
1636:Goat grasses and the evolution of bread wheat
946:Genomes of some Triticeae genera and species
2706:
2671:
2616:
2610:
2569:
2520:
2471:
2436:
2393:
2213:
2002:
1655:appears to be basal to several taxa such as
2043:
1722:(eastern Turkey to China or Pakistan) and
677:bread-flour capable, possible food additive
1718:species can be subdivided into subspecies
29:
2730:
2677:
2593:
2552:
2503:
2196:
2186:
2102:
2026:
1985:
1918:
1831:
1821:
1568:
605:edible, bread-flour capable, fiddly seeds
2356:
508:
2119:
1854:
1770:
1618:. Studies in Anatolia now suggest Rye (
1577:, produces the genome StSt and another
688:drought tolerant cereal, used in Russia
2957:
240:
231:Seed storage proteins in the Triticeae
2805:
2804:
2576:Collin P, Mäki M, Kaukinen K (2007).
2078:
1648:Tetraploidization in wild emmer wheat
656:cooked as piñole, bread-flour capable
1810:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
1699:Hexaploidization of tetraploid wheat
904:
1750:
13:
14:
2991:
2758:
737:(spurred rye) – herbal medicine:
2732:10.1097/00005176-200205000-00014
2414:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04512.x
2028:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01665.x
1783:is the result of contamination.
1640:
1537:Genera within Triticeae contain
909:
790:(bread wheat) – (AABBDD Genome)
513:4 different commercial forms of
42:
2719:J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr
2619:Issues in Complementary Feeding
1510:Triticeae and its sister tribe
517:cultivars. Clockwise from top:
2770:Database of Edible Seed Plants
2588:(1): 260, author reply 260–1.
1891:
1848:
840:(poulard wheat) (AABB Genome)
572:
1:
2457:10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.05.009
2371:10.1126/science.316.5833.1830
2285:10.1126/science.288.5471.1602
2148:10.1126/science.278.5341.1312
1791:
760:in Tibet and China highlands.
568:– Source of D genome in wheat
1742:Wild Triticeae use by humans
505:Cultivated or edible species
7:
2980:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2445:Journal of Chromatography B
1912:10.2135/cropsci2007.03.0129
900:
862:(cultivated emmer wheat) -
774:
536:
10:
2996:
1869:10.1016/j.jocn.2003.05.002
1667:. Certain species such as
826:(Einkorn wheat) (A Genome)
621:
233:are implicated in various
2813:
2402:J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol
1987:10.1080/10635150490424402
1939:10.1007/s00122-004-1839-x
1777:gluten-sensitive diseases
1761:Garden Hunting Hypothesis
1706:of tetraploid wheat with
715:
662:
587:
187:
182:
39:Scientific classification
37:
28:
23:
1734:. It is suggested that
2545:10.1136/gut.2006.118265
2328:10.1126/science.1127235
2188:10.1073/pnas.0402362101
1130:Thinopyrum bessarabicum
768:edible seeds, thickener
2692:10.1006/jaut.1999.0303
2167:Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
1968:Mason-Gamer R (2004).
1569:Evolution of the tribe
920:is missing information
766:(Armenian Wild Rye) –
658:, medicinal: diuretic.
628:Many barley cultivars
533:
2595:10.1093/ajcn/86.1.260
2104:10.1093/molbev/msl004
848:(Persian black wheat)
583:– Source of T genome.
512:
203:within the subfamily
1771:Triticeae and health
1387:Triticum timopheevii
1260:Aegilops umbellulata
1162:Aegilops uniaristata
1096:Lophopyrum elongatum
953:Genera & Species
2796:Triticeae germplasm
2365:(5833): 1830–1835.
2322:(5780): 1608–1610.
2279:(5471): 1602–1603.
2242:10.1038/nature02734
2234:2004Natur.430..670P
2179:2004PNAS..101.9551W
2140:1997Sci...278.1312H
2134:(5341): 1312–1314.
1669:Aegilops speltoides
1406:Aegilops cylindrica
1324:Triticum zhukovskyi
1244:Amblyopyrum muticum
1194:Agropyrum cristatum
1041:Aegilops speltoides
991:Triticum monococcum
947:
758:actively cultivated
749:actively cultivated
697:(Giant Wild Rye) –
686:(Volga Wild Rye) –
241:Genera of Triticeae
1693:Triticum boeoticum
973:Triticum boeoticum
945:
864:used to make Farro
854:(wild emmer wheat)
756:- (Tibetan Rye) -
555:ancient food grain
534:
237:and intolerances.
2952:
2951:
2904:Open Tree of Life
2807:Taxon identifiers
2636:978-3-8055-8283-4
2627:10.1159/000106366
2582:Am. J. Clin. Nutr
2496:10.1021/pr050173t
1823:10.1111/jse.12262
1785:Triticeae glutens
1616:Aegilops tauschii
1508:
1507:
1442:Elmyus canadensis
1367:Triticum aestivum
1349:Triticum turgidum
1228:Aegilops bicornis
1178:Henrardia persica
1079:Aegilops tauschii
943:
942:
654:(mouse barley) –
616:pastoral cultivar
194:
193:
178:
2987:
2945:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2912:
2911:
2899:
2898:
2886:
2885:
2873:
2872:
2860:
2859:
2847:
2846:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2802:
2801:
2765:Pubmed:Triticeae
2753:
2752:
2734:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2556:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2190:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2106:
2097:(7): 1386–1396.
2082:
2076:
2075:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2030:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1989:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1927:Theor Appl Genet
1922:
1916:
1915:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1835:
1825:
1801:
1755:Triticeae has a
1751:Pastoral grasses
1728:A.t. strangulata
1644:
1597:Pseudoroegeneria
1591:and are seen in
1583:Pseudoroegeneria
1575:Pseudoroegeneria
1495:Leymus tricoides
1062:Aegilops caudata
948:
938:
935:
929:
913:
905:
894:(Khorasan wheat)
708:(Squaw grass) –
521:flour, European
174:
47:
46:
33:
21:
20:
16:Tribe of grasses
2995:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2940:
2938:
2930:
2928:
2920:
2915:
2907:
2902:
2894:
2889:
2881:
2876:
2868:
2863:
2855:
2850:
2842:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2809:
2761:
2756:
2711:
2707:
2676:
2672:
2660:
2659:
2650:
2649:
2637:
2615:
2611:
2574:
2570:
2525:
2521:
2484:J. Proteome Res
2476:
2472:
2441:
2437:
2398:
2394:
2355:
2351:
2312:
2308:
2269:
2265:
2228:(7000): 670–3.
2218:
2214:
2159:
2155:
2124:
2120:
2083:
2079:
2064:10.1139/g02-065
2058:(6): 991–1002.
2048:
2044:
2007:
2003:
1966:
1962:
1933:(6): 995–1002.
1923:
1919:
1896:
1892:
1857:J Clin Neurosci
1853:
1849:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1781:oat sensitivity
1773:
1753:
1744:
1701:
1650:
1638:
1571:
1563:Psathyrostachys
1459:Elmyus abolinii
1338:
1334:
1308:Pseudoroegneria
1292:Psathyrostachys
1146:Aegilops comosa
1113:Hordeum vulgare
1028:
1024:
1016:Triticum urartu
1003:
999:
939:
933:
930:
923:
914:
903:
834:(Sanduri wheat)
779:
720:
675:(Lyme grass) –
667:
626:
592:
577:
541:
507:
502:
462:Pseudoroegneria
455:Psathyrostachys
243:
199:is a botanical
173:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2993:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2975:Poaceae tribes
2972:
2967:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2936:
2926:
2913:
2900:
2887:
2874:
2861:
2848:
2835:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2759:External links
2757:
2755:
2754:
2705:
2670:
2661:|journal=
2635:
2609:
2568:
2519:
2490:(5): 1732–41.
2470:
2435:
2392:
2349:
2306:
2263:
2212:
2173:(26): 9551–5.
2153:
2118:
2077:
2042:
2001:
1960:
1917:
1906:(1): 213–222.
1890:
1847:
1816:(4): 259–290.
1795:
1793:
1790:
1772:
1769:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1714:is basal. The
1700:
1697:
1649:
1646:
1637:
1634:
1570:
1567:
1543:allotetraploid
1532:genetic marker
1506:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1211:Secale cereale
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
987:
984:
983:
981:
979:
976:
969:
966:
965:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
941:
940:
917:
915:
908:
902:
899:
898:
897:
896:
895:
887:
886:(Polish wheat)
879:
877:paleocolchicum
874:
866:
855:
849:
835:
827:
821:
820:
819:
813:
803:
797:
778:
773:
772:
771:
761:
751:
742:
732:
719:
714:
713:
712:
701:
690:
679:
666:
661:
660:
659:
647:
638:
625:
620:
619:
618:
607:
591:
586:
585:
584:
576:
571:
570:
569:
561:
559:T. timopheevii
546:
540:
535:
529:corns, rolled
506:
503:
501:
500:
493:
486:
479:
472:
465:
458:
451:
444:
437:
415:Aneurolepidium
405:
398:
384:
377:
374:Heteranthelium
370:
363:
356:
349:
321:Campeiostachys
311:
304:
297:
290:
283:
276:
269:
262:
255:
247:
242:
239:
235:food allergies
213:wheat taxonomy
192:
191:
185:
184:
180:
179:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
98:
97:
92:
85:
84:
79:
72:
71:
66:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2992:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2725:(5): 548–54.
2724:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2674:
2666:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2539:(6): 889–90.
2538:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2451:(2): 236–41.
2450:
2446:
2439:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2408:(4): 528–31.
2407:
2403:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:Mol Biol Evol
2088:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2021:(2): 411–20.
2020:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1732:A.t. tauschii
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1704:Hybridization
1696:
1694:
1690:
1687:evolved from
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1645:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1605:Poulard wheat
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1547:allohexaploid
1544:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1478:Vjd =(V/J/D)
1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1005:
995:
993:
992:
988:
986:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
974:
970:
968:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
950:
949:
937:
927:
921:
918:This article
916:
912:
907:
906:
893:
892:
888:
885:
884:
880:
878:
875:
873:(durum wheat)
872:
871:
867:
865:
861:
860:
856:
853:
850:
847:
846:
842:
841:
839:
836:
833:
832:
828:
825:
822:
817:
816:sphaerococcum
814:
811:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
791:
789:
788:
784:
783:
782:
777:
769:
765:
762:
759:
755:
752:
750:
746:
743:
740:
736:
733:
730:
729:
725:
724:
723:
718:
711:
707:
706:
702:
700:
696:
695:
691:
689:
685:
684:
680:
678:
674:
673:
669:
668:
665:
657:
653:
652:
648:
646:
642:
639:
636:
635:
631:
630:
629:
624:
617:
613:
612:
608:
606:
602:
601:
597:
596:
595:
590:
582:
579:
578:
575:
567:
566:
562:
560:
556:
552:
551:
547:
543:
542:
539:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
499:
498:
494:
492:
491:
487:
485:
484:
480:
478:
477:
473:
471:
470:
466:
464:
463:
459:
457:
456:
452:
450:
449:
445:
443:
442:
438:
435:
434:
429:
428:
423:
422:
417:
416:
411:
410:
406:
404:
403:
399:
396:
395:
390:
389:
385:
383:
382:
378:
376:
375:
371:
369:
368:
364:
362:
361:
357:
355:
354:
350:
347:
346:
341:
340:
335:
334:
329:
328:
323:
322:
317:
316:
312:
310:
309:
308:Douglasdeweya
305:
303:
302:
298:
296:
295:
291:
289:
288:
284:
282:
281:
280:Australopyrum
277:
275:
274:
270:
268:
267:
263:
261:
260:
256:
254:
253:
249:
248:
246:
238:
236:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
190:
186:
181:
177:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
69:Tracheophytes
67:
64:
61:
60:
57:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2814:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2686:(1): 143–8.
2683:
2680:J. Autoimmun
2679:
2673:
2618:
2612:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2018:
2014:
2004:
1980:(1): 25–37.
1977:
1973:
1963:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1903:
1900:Crop Science
1899:
1893:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1833:10261/240149
1813:
1809:
1799:
1774:
1765:
1754:
1745:
1736:Ae. tauschii
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1708:Ae. tauschii
1707:
1702:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1639:
1629:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1536:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1494:
1475:
1458:
1441:
1424:Stenostachys
1423:
1404:
1385:
1365:
1348:
1323:
1307:
1291:
1275:
1259:
1243:
1227:
1209:
1193:
1177:
1161:
1145:
1129:
1111:
1095:
1077:
1061:
1045:
1039:
1014:
989:
971:
931:
919:
889:
881:
876:
868:
857:
851:
843:
837:
829:
823:
818:(shot wheat)
815:
805:
799:
796:(club wheat)
793:
785:
780:
775:
763:
753:
744:
734:
726:
721:
716:
703:
692:
681:
670:
663:
649:
645:edible seeds
640:
632:
627:
622:
611:trachycaulus
609:
598:
593:
588:
580:
573:
563:
558:
548:
537:
519:common wheat
514:
495:
488:
483:Taeniatherum
481:
476:Stenostachys
474:
467:
460:
453:
446:
439:
433:Microhystrix
431:
427:Macrohystrix
425:
419:
413:
407:
400:
392:
386:
379:
372:
365:
358:
351:
343:
337:
331:
325:
319:
313:
306:
299:
292:
287:Connorochloa
285:
278:
271:
264:
257:
250:
244:
224:
196:
195:
188:
170:
157:Supertribe:
134:
101:
88:
75:
62:
18:
2865:iNaturalist
1724:strangulata
1661:Amblyopyrum
852:dicoccoides
831:timopheevii
705:triticoides
694:condensatus
574:Amblyopyrum
448:Peridictyon
360:Festucopsis
273:Anthosachne
266:Amblyopyrum
147:Subfamily:
108:Commelinids
82:Angiosperms
2959:Categories
2883:60457883-2
2015:New Phytol
1863:(1): 4–7.
1792:References
1665:Crithopsis
1557:(Barley),
1476:Thinopyrum
1046:speltoides
934:March 2022
845:carthlicum
824:monococcum
600:canadensis
550:speltoides
545:resources.
490:Thinopyrum
441:Pascopyrum
381:Hordelymus
353:Eremopyrum
294:Crithopsis
189:See text.
161:Triticodae
24:Triticeae
2815:Triticeae
2663:ignored (
2653:cite book
2387:128452153
1974:Syst Biol
1842:1674-4918
1712:T. spelta
1276:Dasypyrum
926:talk page
891:turanicum
883:polonicum
808:(hulled,
794:compactum
764:vavilovii
754:sylvestre
683:racemosus
672:arenarius
515:Triticeae
402:Kengyilia
394:Critesion
367:Henrardia
339:Roegneria
327:Elytrigia
301:Dasypyrum
259:Agropyron
229:species.
197:Triticeae
171:Triticeae
141:BOP clade
52:Kingdom:
2965:Pooideae
2939:VASCAN:
2922:50062932
2917:Tropicos
2824:Wikidata
2749:46271326
2741:12050583
2700:10441179
2645:17664902
2604:17616789
2563:17519496
2514:16212427
2465:17544966
2430:38754601
2422:17376046
2379:17600193
2344:83125044
2336:16778044
2301:86661579
2293:10858140
2250:15295598
2207:15210984
2113:16675504
2072:12502243
2037:16608465
1996:14965898
1955:20620721
1947:15754209
1885:45659231
1877:14642357
1757:pastoral
1720:tauschii
1716:tauschii
1689:Aegilops
1685:Triticum
1681:Aegilops
1677:Triticum
1673:Aegilops
1657:Triticum
1653:Aegilops
1626:holocene
1551:Aegilops
901:Genetics
859:dicoccum
838:turgidum
802:(hulled)
787:aestivum
781:(Wheat)
776:Triticum
745:strictum
735:cornutum
641:bulbosum
565:tauschii
538:Aegilops
497:Triticum
345:Sitanion
252:Aegilops
226:Triticum
205:Pooideae
151:Pooideae
124:Family:
95:Monocots
2970:Cereals
2932:5414786
2830:Q148694
2554:1954879
2505:1343496
2359:Science
2316:Science
2273:Science
2258:4431395
2230:Bibcode
2175:Bibcode
2136:Bibcode
2128:Science
1599:mtDNA.
1588:Hordeum
1579:Hordeum
1559:Eremian
1555:Hordeum
1545:and/or
1539:diploid
1524:Aveneae
1513:Bromeae
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