Tripoli, Lebanon - Knowledge

691: 2662: 1500: 1565:, the Magnificent. That was the only major project during 400 years of Ottoman Rule. Later governors brought further modifications to the original Crusader structure used as garrison center and prison. Khan al-Saboun (originally a military barrack) was constructed in the center of the city to control any uprising. Ottoman Tripoli also witnessed the development of the southern entrance of the city and many buildings, such as the al-Muallaq or "hanging" Mosque (1559), al-Tahhan Mosque (early 17th century), and al-Tawbah mosque (Mamluk construction, destroyed by 1612 flood and restored during early Ottoman Period). It also included several secular buildings, such as Khan al-Saboun (early 17th century) and Hammam al-Jadid (1740). 74: 2468:

The Bakar Islands, also known as Abdulwahab Island, were leased to Adel and Khiereddine Abdulwahab as a shipyard, since the Ottoman rule and until this day a well known ship and marine contractor. It was also known as St Thomas Island during the Crusades. It is the closest to the shore and can be accessed via a bridge that was built in 1998. Bellan Island's name comes from a plant found on the island and used to make brooms. Some people claim that the name comes from the word "blue whale" (Baleine in French) that appeared next to the island in early 20th century. Fanar Island is 1,600 m (5,200 ft) long and is the home of a light-house built during the 1960s.

1237: 1492: 1858:) with mild wet winters and very dry, hot summers. Temperatures are moderated throughout the year due to the warm Mediterranean current coming from Western Europe. Therefore, temperatures are warmer in the winter by around 10 °C (18 °F) and cooler in the summer by around 7 °C (13 °F) compared to the interior of Lebanon. Although snow is an extremely rare event that only occurs around once every ten years, hail is common and occurs fairly regularly in the winter. Rainfall is concentrated in the winter months, with the summer typically being very dry. 114: 4901: 2487: 1377: 1221: 3256: 1682: 2604: 3043: 4819: 3232: 1090: 3268: 3219: 3206: 182: 317: 3122: 3070: 944: 3244: 3193: 2450: 2736:"More recent years have seen the fairground undermined by a mixture of periodic instability and nonsensical administrative procedures that make it virtually impossible to put the facility to use. If the city needed any more physical metaphors for decay, the fairground is flanked by a Quality Inn that is literally falling apart, and whose ownership is years overdue on payment to the site’s administrators." 790: 1587:, whose borders forcibly separated Tripoli from Syria, a decision that was contested by Tripolitans. Tripoli's population - mostly Sunni Muslims - found itself isolated in this state dominated by Christians, and so Tripoli developed a strong identity as a bastion for Muslim Arab nationalism and anti-imperialism. During this period, protests demanding reunification with Syria were backed by the 2821: 1373:, the Islamic schools. It is the madrassas which most attract attention, for they include highly original structures as well as decoration: here a honeycombed ceiling, there a curiously shaped corniche, doorway or moulded window frame. Among the finest is the madrassa al-Burtasiyah, with an elegant façade picked out in black and white stones and a highly decorated lintel over the main door. 734: 121: 3719: 2573: 1469:), and two mosques that were built on empty land (al-Burtasi and al-Uwaysiyat). Other mosques incorporated earlier structures (churches, khans, and shops). Mamluk Tripoli also included 16 madrasas of which four no longer exist (al-Zurayqiyat, al-Aattar, al-Rifaiyah, and al-Umariyat). Six of the madrasas concentrated around the Grand Mosque. Tripoli also included a 2463:, or the Rabbits' Island, is the largest of the islands with an area of 20 ha (49 acres). The name "Araneb" or Rabbits comes from the great numbers of rabbits that were grown on the island during the time of the French mandate early in the 20th century. It is now a nature reserve for green turtles, rare birds and rabbits. Declared as a protected area by 1550:. Until 1612, Tripoli was considered as the port of Aleppo. It also depended on Syrian interior trade and tax collection from mountainous hinterland. Tripoli witnessed a strong presence of French merchants during the 17th and 18th centuries and became under intense inter-European competition for trade. Tripoli was reduced to a sanjak centre in the 1361:. During the period the castle of Saint-Gilles was expanded as the Citadel of Mamluk Tripoli. The "Aqueduct of the Prince" was reused to bring water from the Rash'in spring. Several bridges were constructed and the surrounding orchards expanded through marsh drainage. Fresh water was supplied to houses from their roofs. 3061:

Initially, perfumed soaps were offered as gifts in Europe and as a result, handiwork developed in Tripoli. Due to the ongoing increase of the demand, craftsmen started to consider soap making as a real profession and real art which led to an increased demand for Tripoli soap in various Arab and Asian

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The Clock Tower underwent a complete renovation in 1992 with personal funding from the honorary Turkish consul of Northern Lebanon, Sobhi Akkari, and the second at February 2016 as a gift from the Turkish prime minister in cooperation with the Committee of Antiquities and Heritage in the municipality

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in 1992, camping, fire building or other depredation is forbidden. In addition to its scenic landscape, the Palm Island is also a cultural heritage site. Evidence for human occupation, dated back to the Crusader period, was uncovered during 1973 excavations by the General Directorate of Antiquities.

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established Khan Al Saboun (the hotel of soap traders). This market was finished at the beginning of the 16th century, the last days of the Mamluk rule. The manufacture of soap was very popular in Tripoli. There, the market became a trade center where soap was produced and sold. Afterwards, traders

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Tripoli is regionally known for its Arabic sweets where people consider it as one of the main attractions and reasons to visit the city. Some sweetshops have even built a regionally and even internationally recognized brand name like Abdul Rahman & Rafaat Al Hallab, who both became so popular,

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The raw material used for these kinds of soap is olive oil. The Tripoli soap is also composed of: honey, essential oils, and natural aromatic raw materials like flowers, petals, and herbs. The soaps are dried in the sun, in a dry atmosphere, allowing the evaporation of the water that served to mix

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The urban form of Mamluk Tripoli was dictated mainly by climate, site configuration, defense, and urban aesthetics. The layout of major thoroughfares was set according to prevailing winds and topography. The city had no fortifications, but heavy building construction characterized by compact urban

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Recently, a Tripoli development plan called "Tripoli Vision 2020" has been formulated and supported by a number of advisory councils including influential key government officials and prominent businessmen in the city. The goal of the project is to provides a comprehensive framework consisting of

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With the formation of Lebanon and the 1948 breakup of the Syrian–Lebanese customs union, Tripoli, once on par in economic and commercial importance to Beirut, was cut off from its traditional trade relations with the Syrian hinterland and therefore declined in relative prosperity. The city faces

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Tripoli, while once economically comparable to Beirut, has declined in recent decades. Organizations such as the Business Incubation Association in Tripoli (BIAT) are currently trying to revive traditional export businesses such as furniture production, artisanal copper goods, soaps, as well as

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Tripoli stands out as one of Lebanon's economically poorest cities, marked by a substantial divide between the affluent and poor residents. The city grapples with elevated unemployment rates, and certain impoverished neighborhoods have become strongholds for Islamist and other radical factions.

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When Tripoli was visited by Ibn Batutah in 1355, he described the newly founded Mamluk city. "Traversed by water-channels and full of’ gardens", he writes, "the houses are newly built. The sea lies two leagues distant, and the ruins of the old town are seen on the sea-shore. It was taken by the

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the different ingredients. The drying operation lasts for almost three months. As the water evaporates, a thin white layer appears on the soap surface, from the soda that comes from the sea salts. The craftsman brushes the soap very carefully with his hand until the powder trace is eliminated.

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technique of alternating light and dark stone courses). Bearing walls were used as vertical supports. Cross vaults covered most spaces from prayer halls to closed rectangular rooms, to galleries around courtyards. Domes were constructed over conspicuous and important spaces like tomb chambers,

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Since Lebanese independence was achieved, Tripoli has been mired in a period of extended economic and political decline. Beirut's rise as Lebanon's dominant port deprived Tripoli of its former preeminence as a trade hub, and globalization eroded the city's ability to compete in manufacturing.

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who was commissioned for the project in 1962. The site was built for a World's Fair event to be held in the city, but construction was halted in 1975 due to the outbreak of the Lebanese civil war, and never resumed. The site contains 15 semi-completed Niemeyer buildings within an approximate

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Tripoli became a major trading port of Syria supplying Europe with candy, loaf and powdered sugar (especially during the latter part of the 14th century). The main products from agriculture and small industry included citrus fruits, olive oil, soap, and textiles (cotton and silk, especially

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formed the ruling class holding main political, military and administrative functions. Arabs formed the population base (religious, industrial, and commercial functions) and the general population included the original inhabitants of the city, immigrants from different parts of the Levant,

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The religious and secular buildings of Mamluk Tripoli comprise a fine example of the architecture of that time. The oldest among them were built with stones taken from 12th and 13th-century churches; the characteristics of the architecture of the period are best seen in the mosques and

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The Tripoli Special Economic Zone (TSEZ) was established in 2008 to provide exemptions from many taxes and duties for investment projects that have more than $ 300,000 of capital and more than half their workers from Lebanon. It is a 55-hectare site adjacent to the Port of Tripoli.

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About 35 monuments from the Mamluk city have survived to the present day, including mosques, madrasas, khanqahs, hammams, and caravanserais, many of them built by local Mamluk amirs. Major buildings in Mamluk Tripoli included six congregational mosques (the Mansouri Great Mosque,

687:) which is used to indicate the diffusion of a scent or smell. Tripoli was once known for its vast orange orchards. During the season of blooming, the pollen of orange flowers was said to be carried on the air, creating a splendid perfume that filled the city and suburbs. 3509:

A Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine: Including an Account of the Geography, History, Antiquities, and Inhabitants of These Countries, the Peninsula of Sinai, Edom, and the Syrian Desert; with Detailed Descriptions of Jerusalem, Petra, Damascus, and

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Public buildings in Mamluk Tripoli were emphasized through sitting, façade treatment, and street alignment. Well-cut and well-dressed stones (local sandstone) were used as media of construction and for decorative effects on elevations and around openings (the

1457:(r. 1290–93) founded the city's first congregational mosque in memory of his father (Qalawun), in either late 1293 or 1294 (693 AH). Six madrasas were later built around the mosque. The Mamluks did not fortify the city with walls but restored and reused a 3523:

Tripoli, according to ancient writers (Diodorus Siculus, Pliny, and Strabo), originally consisted of three quarters, a stadium distant from each other, and founded respectively by colonies from Aradus, Sidon, and Tyre – hence its name, "the Triple

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wall, and floor on the inside. Decorations at the time may be subdivided into structural decoration (found outside the buildings and incorporate the medium of construction itself such as ablaq walls, plain or zigzag moldings, fish scale motifs,

1394:, and covered courtyards. Typical construction details in Mamluk Tripoli included cross vaults with concave grooves meeting in octagonal openings or concave rosettes as well as simple cupolas or ribbed domes. The use of double drums and corner 2545:, who dominated the city in 1102 and commanded a fortress to be built in which he named Mont Pèlerin (Mount Pilgrim). The original castle was burnt down in 1289, and rebuilt again on numerous occasions and was rebuilt in 1307–08 by Emir 1365:

forms, narrow and winding streets for difficult city penetration. Residential areas were bridged over streets at strategic points for surveillance and defense. The city also included many loopholes and narrow slits at street junctions.

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Tripoli embodies Lebanon's extreme wealth inequality: Although it is one of the country's most concentrated centers of poverty, it is also the hometown of several extravagantly wealthy politicians, notably including Najib Mikati,

73: 1178:) into a built-up suburb including the main religious monuments of the city such as: The "Church of the Holy Sepulchre of Pilgrim's Mountain" (incorporating the Shiite shrine), the Church of Saint Mary of the Tower, and the 884:

civilization in Tripoli before the 8th (or sometimes 4th) century BCE. Others argue that the north–south gradient of Phoenician port establishments on the Lebanese coast indicates an earlier age for the Phoenician Tripoli.

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Tripoli is a very rich city containing many mosques that are spread all over the city. In every district of the city there is a mosque. During the Mamluk era, a lot of mosques were built and many still remain until today.

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from the Crusaders in 1289. The Mamluks destroyed the old city and built a new city 4 km inland from it. About 35 monuments from the Mamluk city have survived to the present day, including mosques, madrasas,

1837:, beginning in 2011, has extended into Tripoli, where local Alawites align with the Assad regime, while Lebanese Sunnis support the opposition, resulting in frequent and intense clashes between the two groups. 973:

period, Tripoli witnessed the construction of important public buildings including a municipal stadium or gymnasium due to the strategic position of the city midway on the imperial coastal highway leading from

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countries. Currently, many varieties of soap are manufactured and sold in Tripoli such as anti-acne soaps, moisturizing soaps, slimming soaps, etc. which has increased an exportation of these soap products.

1429:(public baths) were carefully located to serve major population concentrations: one next to the Grand Mosque, the other in the center of the commercial district, and the third in the right-bank settlement. 1639:

diplomatic intervention, Tahweed agreed to surrender their heavy weapons and Syrian troops, on 6 October, were deployed throughout the city. A further 350 people had been killed and hundreds more wounded.

1135:. Tripoli was home to a busy port and was a major center of silk weaving, with as many as 4,000 looms. Important products of the time included lemons, oranges, and sugar cane. For 180 years, during the 1627:

Red Knights as well as Syrian special forces. After a week of fighting which saw around 150 killed, 4500 wounded and 200,000 people leaving their homes, the Syrians brokered a truce which involved the

690: 958:, Tripoli gained the right to mint its own coins (112 BCE); it was granted autonomy between 104 and 105, which it retained until 64 BCE. At the time, Tripoli was a center of shipbuilding and 3013:

promoting investment, investing, training, re-skilling, talent placement and output promotion to reinvigorate the city's economy. The Tripoli Vision 2020 was sponsored by the Prime Minister

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laid siege to the city at the beginning of the 12th century and were able finally to enter it in 1109. This caused extensive destruction, including the burning of Tripoli's famous library,

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Mamluk Tripoli witnessed a high rate of urban growth and a fast city development (according to traveler's accounts). It also had poles of growth including the fortress, the

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The International Fair of Tripoli site, formally known as the Rachid Karami International Exhibition Center, is a complex of buildings designed by the Brazilian architect

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Tripoli has a large number of schools of all levels, public and private. It is also served by several universities within the city limits as well as in its metro area.

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Tripoli became a financial center and main port of northern Phoenicia with sea trade (East Mediterranean and the West), and caravan trade (North Syria and hinterland).

6394: 2475:. This island is largely made up of cliffs and rocks. Anyone who enjoys adventure, cliff leaping, free diving, spear fishing, and snorkeling will enjoy this location. 2615:

Indeed, the hammams built in Tripoli by the early Mamluk governors were splendid edifices and many of them are still present until today. Some of the more known are:

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Wartime violence and instability triggered waves of emigration and capital flight. It also left Tripoli increasingly isolated, not least due to the dismantling of

6364: 1477:) that are noted for their cupolas. Hammams were luxuriously decorated and the light streaming down from their domes enhances the inner atmosphere of the place. 1719:) vie for influence through competing networks of patronage: "No single leader has been able to assert dominance, leaving city politics to devolve into chaos." 797:

Evidence of settlement in Tripoli dates back as early as 1400 BCE. Tripoli was originally established as a Phoenician colony in the 8th century BC. There, the

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Franks, but al-Malik ath-Tháhir (Qala’un) retook it from them, and then laid the place in ruins and built the present town. There are fine baths here.’’

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of Tripoli, and now the clock tower is again operational. "Al Manshieh" which is one of the oldest parks in Tripoli, is located next to the clock tower.

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occupying five key positions and the removal of heavy weapons. The truce broke down on 27 September and Tahweed al-Islami positions where bombarded from

3936: 3100: 6379: 3451:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 317. 3384:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 317. 2546: 6028: 2486: 1703:

Tripoli's stagnation is attributable, in part, to the city's dysfunctional politics, in which a fragmented array of Sunni political figures (such as

1261:, many of them built by local Mamluk amirs (princes). The Mamluks did not fortify the city with walls but restored and reused Saint-Gille's citadel. 5486: 3082:

Unlike other khans built around a square courtyard, el-Khayyatin, built in the 14th century, is a 60 meter long passage with arches on each side.

5527: 1466: 1462: 1357:, and the river banks. The city had seven guard towers on the harbor site to defend the inland city, including what still stands today as the 4567: 142: 6384: 6374: 4883: 4775: 2580:

The Clock Tower is one of the most iconic monuments in Tripoli. The tower is located in Al-Tell square, and was gifted to the city by the

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who had ordered the restoration. In the early 19th century, the Citadel was extensively restored by the Ottoman Governor of Tripoli

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was among the languages spoken in Tripoli and neighboring villages. At that time, Tripoli had a heterogeneous population including

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remains. At the Abou Halka area (at the southern entrance of Tripoli) refuges dating to the early (30,000 years old) and middle

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The helicopter landing apron (left) and the gateway arch to the open-air theatre at the Rashid Karami International Fair

1499: 4408: 1815: 1458: 1350:. The population size of Mamluk Tripoli is estimated at 20,000–40,000; against 100,000 in each of Damascus and Aleppo. 503:, the port of the Tripoli District, which it is geographically conjoined with to form the greater Tripoli conurbation. 4868: 4766: 4743: 1696:

estimated that 58% of Tripoli's Lebanese residents lived in poverty. That already high figure preceded Lebanon's 2019

4765:. Istanbul: Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from 4615: 4136: 3772: 3169: 3143: 1574: 776: 758: 17: 4786: 3151: 1055:(644–655), the governor of Syria, Mu'awiya, settled Jews in Tripoli, fostering amicable relations with the majority 982:. In addition, Tripoli retained the same configuration of three distinct and administratively independent quarters ( 6014: 2745: 2716: 1851: 1814:

constitute today less than 5 percent of the population of the city. The Christian population in the city comprises

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rule from 1516 to 1918, it retained its prosperity and commercial importance. Tripoli and all of Lebanon was under

856:(House of Knowledge), with its thousands of volumes. During the Crusaders' rule the city became the capital of the 1174:

During that time, Tripoli witnessed the growth of the inland settlement surrounding the "Pilgrim's Mountain" (the

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Many churches in Tripoli are a reminder of the history of the city. These churches also show the diversity of

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and the old port part of the city was destroyed. A new inland city was then built near the old castle. During

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Tripoli the Old City: Monument Survey – Mosques and Madrasas; A Sourcebook of Maps and Architectural Drawings

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The khan, built around a square courtyard decorated with a fountain, houses soap making workshops and shops.

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Office and the Tripoli MPs Joint Office with the comprehensive study conducted by Samir Chreim of SCAS Inc.

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Tripoli gained in importance as a trading centre for the whole Mediterranean after it was inhabited by the

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Tripoli has not been extensively excavated because the ancient site lies buried beneath the modern city of

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The mid-twelfth century earthquake led to the death of many Jews in Tripoli, as noted by Jewish explorer

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An-Nouri, built 1333 by the Mamluk governor Nur El-Din, is located in the vicinity of the Grand Mosque.

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During the Mamluk period, Tripoli became a central city and provincial capital of the six kingdoms in

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rule, Tripoli was used as a naval shipyard and the city enjoyed a period of autonomy. It came under

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The Jewish community of Tripoli traces its roots back to the seventh century, as recounted by the

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and the second-largest city in the country. Situated 81 km (50 mi) north of the capital

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Mosques evenly spread with major concentration of madrasas around the Mansouri Great Mosque. All

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Luz, Nimrod (2002). "Tripoli Reinvented: A Case of Mamluk Urbanization". In Lev, Yaacov (ed.).

3321: 2965: 2434: 1803: 1604:, from 1975 to 1990, hit Tripoli hard. On 15 September 1985 intense fighting broke out between 1295: 844:

rule, Tripoli became a commercial and shipbuilding center. It achieved semi-independence under

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The history of Tripoli dates back at least to the 14th century BCE. It was called Athar by the

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until the French cut off their support, resulting in a massive 33 day general strike in 1936.

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recurrent sectarian clashes, high unemployment, economic disparities, and the infiltration of

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invasion in the 1070s, Tripoli served as a refuge for Jews from Palestine, as documented in

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are mentioned (14th century BCE). In an engraving concerning the invasion of Tripoli by the

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which can be seen today, with its massive Ottoman gateway, over which is an engraving from

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in 19th century and retained her status until 1918 when it was captured by British forces.

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Université de Technologie et de Sciences Appliquées Libano-Française (chamber of commerce)

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were located in the northern part of the city for easy accessibility from roads to Syria.

444: 419: 346: 8: 5262: 4534: 3791:(13–132 H/ 634–750 CE): Silsilat Dirasat fi Tarih AlSahel AlShami, Tripoli, 1990. Arabic. 3311: 2922: 2909: 2867: 2776: 2741: 2561: 1692:

In the years since, living conditions in Tripoli have continued to decline. In 2016, the

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Decorations in Mamluk buildings concentrated on the most conspicuous areas of buildings:

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The city of Tripoli is also given the title of "City of Knowledge and Scholars" (Arabic:

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representation of the nickname of Tripoli: "Tripoli, The City of Knowledge and Scholars"

6307: 6194: 5651: 5282: 4898: 4778:. Cambridge, Massachusetts, US: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from 4208: 4187: 3563: 2519: 2513: 1601: 1558: 1209: 1175: 1093: 1048: 913: 694: 468: 79: 531:, the city was founded by combining colonies from three different Phoenician cities – 5898: 5781: 5201: 5109: 5073: 4826: 4816: 4691: 4667: 4132: 4050:

Mahamid, Hatim (2009). "Mosques as higher educational institutions in Mamluk Syria".

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world heritage site). The state ceased to exist in 1289, when it was captured by the

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rule, the city became the center of a confederation of the Phoenician city-states of

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and Syrian artillery positions in the surrounding hills. On 1 October, following an

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Schulze, Kirsten (October 2010). "Tripoli, Lebanon". In Stillman, Norman A. (ed.).

3418: 3326: 3248: 2872: 1866: 1834: 1454: 1179: 1168: 1140: 970: 600: 520: 4364: 3422: 1228:(late 13th century). The arches and courtyard date from the Mamluk period but the 5311: 5221: 5186: 4747: 4461: 4307: 3407:"Salafism in Lebanon: the significance of Fathi Yakan and Al-Jamaʿa Al-Islamiyya" 3031: 2837: 2534: 2523: 1584: 1508: 1343: 917: 554:) apart from each other, and the combined city became known as 'Triple City', or 524: 496: 472: 332: 6243: 5964: 5646: 5582: 5532: 5496: 5442: 5252: 5114: 4710: 4212: 4191: 3952: 3316: 3236: 2728: 2584: 2553: 1655: 1523: 1516: 1512: 1486: 1376: 1331: 1220: 1144: 1108: 865: 853: 810: 802: 661: 655: 631: 576: 565: 544: 488: 440: 436: 35: 5052: 3821:

The Counts of Tripoli and Lebanon in the Twelfth Century: Sons of Saint-Gilles

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expand new industries such as ICT offshoring and new technological invention.

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population in neighborhoods such as Bab al-Tabbaneh, right next to the small

1067:(996–1021), the synagogue faced conversion into a mosque. Notably, during the 6353: 5909: 5672: 5403: 5383: 5242: 5217: 4650:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 291–292. 4641: 4229: 3989: 3721:

The Mamluk City in the Middle East: History, Culture, and the Urban Landscape

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who are accused of accumulating their wealth by embezzling government funds.

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Notre Dame University (Barsa, in the Koura district, just outside the city)

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Tripoli stands as one of Lebanon's less stable cities, marked by recurrent

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was commonly used to make the transition from square rooms to round domes.

1265: 1258: 1072: 1044: 1033: 979: 966: 925: 822: 321: 6006: 4163:"The city that didn't know where to start – Tripoli's revolving stalemate" 994:). The territory outside the city was divided between the three quarters. 6323: 6098: 5864: 5676: 5297: 5287: 5033: 5017: 5013: 4852: 4559:"Billionaires and bankrupts: Lebanon's second city highlights inequality" 4063: 3980: 3042: 3027: 3014: 1716: 1704: 1643:

The Syrian army remained in the city for almost three decades until 2005:

1628: 1182:. The state was a major base of operations for the military order of the 1056: 818: 798: 399: 5633: 5501: 3937:"Tripoli City in the East Mediterranean in the Fight of Mamluk-Crusader" 3801:

Schulze, Kirsten (October 2010). "Sidon". In Stillman, Norman A. (ed.).

3639:"طرابلس الفيحاء مدينة العلم والعلماء والآثار... تمتاز بقلعتها وحلوياتها" 2974:

Arts, Sciences and Technology University in Lebanon-North Lebanon Branch

6293: 5874: 5838: 5833: 5571: 5176: 5028: 4927: 3260: 1446: 1358: 1022: 1011: 909: 415: 4635: 2951:

Lebanese International University (Dahr el Ein, Just outside the city)

2697: 491:

because of their status as a haven for endangered loggerhead turtles (

6303: 6187: 5995: 5990: 5980: 5889: 5787: 5766: 5617: 5577: 5522: 5302: 5130: 4988: 4958: 4923: 4129:

Sunni City: Tripoli from Islamist Utopia to the Lebanese 'Revolution'

3272: 3223: 2437:(precipitation 1951-1980, precip days 1931-1964, humidity 1959-1967) 1450: 1434: 1370: 1156: 1152: 1089: 955: 937: 929: 893: 881: 849: 830: 623: 572: 267: 5772: 5731: 5227: 3499: 3121: 2980:

Universite Saint Espirt de Kaslik – Chekka ( Just Outside The City )

2740:

In 2023, the Rashid Karami International Fair was added to both the

2471:

The opposite of Palms Island, which is a large flat sandy beach, is

1526:

period, Tripoli became the provincial capital and chief town of the

316: 6174: 6138: 5954: 5757: 5696: 5692: 5592: 5552: 5517: 5465: 5448: 5266: 5257: 5037: 5007: 4998: 4948: 4730: 4386: 4216: 4195: 3231: 3091:

opening shops outside Tripoli and shipping sweets boxes worldwide.

3069: 2498: 1807: 1651: 1648: 1273: 1029: 1007: 983: 921: 901: 5722: 5702: 5048: 4256:"Portrait of poverty in Lebanon as UN visits poorest place on Med" 943: 754:

with the newly created history article, this should be simplified.

483:. Tripoli also holds a string of four small islands offshore, the 6337: 6287: 6267: 6257: 6233: 6227: 6168: 6161: 6122: 6082: 6068: 6062: 5958: 5949: 5934: 5924: 5884: 5859: 5813: 5751: 5747: 5607: 5587: 5561: 5547: 5541: 5393: 5373: 5363: 5358: 5322: 5317: 5272: 5236: 5232: 5171: 5103: 5058: 5003: 4967: 4963: 4942: 4938: 4080:

Review of the Development and Change of Tripoli Bazaar in Lebanon

4022: 3862: 3380:

Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C.; Abu Khalil, As'ad; Najem, Tom (2021).

3306: 3296: 3210: 2677: 1678:

ushered into Lebanon, with an overwhelming focus on the capital.

1617: 1470: 1415: 1402: 1395: 1335: 1326: 1291: 1278: 1250: 1229: 1202: 1132: 1120: 1100: 1018: 991: 975: 933: 889: 845: 841: 596: 500: 372: 257: 187: 4186:

Middle East International No 259, 27 September 1985, Publishers

2449: 1557:

Public works in Ottoman Tripoli included the restoration of the

6327: 6317: 6223: 6148: 6112: 6102: 6088: 6078: 5985: 5939: 5929: 5913: 5878: 5843: 5828: 5823: 5737: 5655: 5641: 5602: 5557: 5491: 5378: 5367: 5338: 5161: 5140: 5099: 5078: 5062: 5043: 5023: 4983: 4709:* For further readings about the Fairground of Oscar Niemeyer: 3291: 3267: 3243: 3218: 3205: 3197: 2820: 2732:

75.6 ha (187-acre) area near Tripoli's southern entrance.

2464: 1833:, notably the Sunni and Alawite populations. The impact of the 1504: 1406: 1391: 1319: 1299: 1283: 1269: 1254: 1198: 1191: 1148: 1136: 1116: 1052: 1015: 833:

city of Tripoli along with other Mediterranean coastal cities.

528: 407: 356: 341: 27:

This article is about the city in Lebanon. For other uses, see

4207:

Middle East International No 260, 11 October 1985, Publishers

3789:

Lubnan min al-fath al-islami hatta sukut al-dawla al-'umawiyya

2807:

Our Lady oof the Annunciation Melkite Greek Catholic Cathedral

2804:

St. John of the Pilgrims Mount church Maronite Catholic Church

583:, possibly a Semitic cognate of the city's modern Arabic name 305: 6313: 6297: 6283: 6277: 6273: 6247: 6217: 6213: 6207: 6181: 6142: 6132: 6128: 6118: 6108: 6058: 6052: 6048: 5943: 5919: 5808: 5803: 5716: 5686: 5682: 5475: 5398: 5343: 5307: 5292: 5277: 5246: 5195: 5181: 5145: 4973: 4952: 4735: 4722: 4434:"Three sites 'in danger' added to UNESCO World Heritage List" 3767:(illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 49. 3192: 1799: 1647:

As a majority Sunni city with a growing strain of indigenous

1609: 1386: 1303: 1195: 1124: 1003: 987: 814: 806: 789: 559: 540: 536: 480: 475:

in Lebanon. The city has the second highest concentration of

4753:

Tripoli fortress and Panorama of the city at 360 on May 2012

3753:, Beirut: American University of Beirut Publications, 1995. 2635: 1059:. However, during the persecution of dhimmis by the Shi'ite 6263: 6237: 6200: 6155: 5567: 5481: 5407: 5388: 5348: 5135: 3405:

Battat, Zach; Cohen, Ronen A.; Naor, Dan (2 January 2024).

2572: 1636: 1632: 1612:

militia which controlled the harbour and was backed by the

1539: 1535: 1287: 1025: 897: 643: 571:

Tripoli had a number of different names as far back as the

1461:

on the site. In addition, there were two quarter mosques (

5438: 4438: 3578:

by Peter Roop, Sam Schultz, Margaret J. Goldstein. p. 17.

3379: 872:

from 1920 until 1943 when Lebanon achieved independence.

4687:

The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture

4086:. Bursa Uludağ University (Master's thesis). p. 81. 3505: 3053:

At the end of the 15th century, the governor of Tripoli

4662:

C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Tripoli, in Lebanon".

1810:

that is concentrated in the Jabal Mohsen neighborhood.

1010:; the second military port of the Arab Navy, following 997: 848:

rule, when it developed into a center of learning. The

3894:

Towns and material culture in the medieval Middle East

3077: 2968:(Qelhat, in the Koura district, just outside the city) 1700:, which has ratcheted up poverty and food insecurity. 6410:

Castles and fortifications of the Knights Hospitaller

3447:

Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C.; Abu Khalil, As'ad (2021).

1865:

Climate data for Tripoli, Lebanon (elevation: 6m, at

1658:

was engaged in the brutal suppression of Syria’s own

1473:, many secular buildings, five Khans, three hammams ( 4677:

Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture

3446: 2936:

The universities in Tripoli and its metro area are:

1530:, encompassing the coastal territory from Byblos to 709: 4007:

Tarikh Tarablus al-siyasi wa'-hadari Aabr al-'usour

4001: 3999: 3666:"طرابلس، مدينة العلم والعلماء والإنتفاضات والثورات" 3587: 2501:

view of modern Tripoli with its distinctive skyline

916:. A sounding made in the Crusader castle uncovered 375:in Lebanon. The city is predominantly inhabited by 4661: 4557: 4292: 3745: 3743: 3741: 908:, different types of columns, wheels, Bows, and a 6395:Eastern Orthodox Christian communities in Lebanon 4409:"International Fair of Tripoli by Oscar Niemeyer" 3560:History of Syria, Including Lebanon and Palestine 3536:Les peuples et les civilisations du Proche Orient 3058:of Tripoli began to export their soap to Europe. 2591:in Israel and many others throughout the Empire. 1232:is believed to be an earlier Christian structure. 6351: 3996: 1405:, portals, windows, on the outside, and mihrab, 677:), which is a term derived from the Arabic verb 3738: 3478: 3404: 801:established a trading station and later, under 6365:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Lebanon 4131:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–37. 3762: 2945:The Lebanese University – North Lebanon Branch 1103:period, the city became the chief town of the 6022: 4884: 4802: 4614: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3111: 2977:Beirut Arab University – North Lebanon Branch 2552:Later the citadel was rebuilt in part by the 2522:is also known as the Castle of Saint-Gilles ( 1741: 962:timber trade (like other Phoenician cities). 2798:St. Georges Melkite Greek Catholic Cathedral 682: 672: 351:) is the largest and most important city in 53: 6036: 3150:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 880:Many historians reject the presence of any 793:Overview of historical districts in Tripoli 455: 430: 6029: 6015: 4891: 4877: 4809: 4795: 4684:Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila (2009). 4683: 4325:"Klimatafel von Tripoli el-Mina / Libanon" 3919: 3465: 3106: 2801:Saint Hokekalousd Armenian Orthodox Church 2751: 1338:'s army during the liberation of Tripoli, 904:, part of the ancient southern port quay, 6380:Populated places in the North Governorate 3979: 3848:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 3804:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 3506:John Murray (Firm); Porter, J.L. (1868). 3170:Learn how and when to remove this message 2636:Oscar Niemeyer's Rachid Karame Fairground 1694:United Nation's Human Settlements Program 777:Learn how and when to remove this message 418:, Tripoli has been historically known as 4590:"Tripoli-Lebanon.com Tourism-Khans Page" 4280:Parreira, Christiana (23 October 2019). 4279: 3749:Saliba, R., Jeblawi, S., and Ajami, G., 3068: 3041: 2819: 2771:in Lebanon and particularly in Tripoli: 2602: 2571: 2448: 1831:sectarian tensions among its communities 1680: 1498: 1490: 1414:lintels or voussoirs, inscriptions, and 1375: 1235: 1219: 1088: 942: 788: 689: 410:settlers, whence the modern Arabic name 315: 4773: 4630: 4555: 4406: 4076: 4049: 3844: 3800: 3616:"President's Message – City University" 3588:Ghazi Omar Tadmouri (30 October 2009). 3094: 1623:’s militia. The ADP were backed by the 630:was used to refer to Tripoli. When the 14: 6352: 3590:"Names of Tripoli through the history" 3442: 3440: 1594: 1583:, the French created the territory of 1276:. The kingdom was subdivided into six 711:Ṭarābulus madīnat al-ʿilm wa-l-ʿulamāʾ 439:Tripoli'), to distinguish it from 6010: 4872: 4790: 4570:from the original on 10 December 2022 4160: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4045: 4043: 3966:Demir, Beyza Topuz (1 January 2020). 3965: 3934: 3915: 3913: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3817: 3636: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 2507: 587:, was mentioned, and in other places 239:27.39 km (10.58 sq mi) 4664:Historic Cities of the Islamic World 4126: 3838: 3818:Lewis, Kevin James (21 April 2017). 3690: 3148:adding citations to reliable sources 3115: 2948:Universite St Joseph – North Lebanon 998:Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid periods 727: 6385:Sunni Muslim communities in Lebanon 6375:Populated coastal places in Lebanon 4317: 4253: 4230:"Tripoli City Profile | UN-Habitat" 3891: 3794: 3717: 3437: 3101:Oil pollution from ships in Tripoli 3078:Khan el-Khayyatin–the Tailors' Khan 2527: 2459:Tripoli has many offshore islands. 2444: 702: 683: 673: 634:settled in the city they called it 450: 425: 336: 54: 24: 6390:Shia Muslim communities in Lebanon 4763:Islamic Cultural Heritage Database 4609:Published in the 19th–20th century 4603: 4407:McManus, Manus (3 November 2016). 4145: 4115: 4070: 4040: 3910: 3880: 3663: 3548:Wanderings −2: History of the Jews 3364: 1736: 1078: 43:City in North Governorate, Lebanon 25: 6431: 4716: 4556:Cornish, Chloe (5 October 2020). 4098:"Qantara – Madrasa al-Qartâwîyya" 3479:Gary C. Gambill (December 2004). 1575:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon 1568: 1480: 1186:, who occupied the famous castle 1131:. Tripoli was also the seat of a 875: 463:Landmarks of Tripoli include the 4899: 4817: 4679:. Oxford University Press. 2009. 3691:Abdo, Ibrahim (23 August 2022). 3449:Historical Dictionary of Lebanon 3382:Historical Dictionary of Lebanon 3266: 3254: 3242: 3230: 3217: 3204: 3191: 3120: 3085: 3046:The Soap Khan of Tripoli Lebanon 3037: 2832:Some of the more known mosques: 2810:Then National Evangelical Church 2795:St Francis Roman Catholic Church 2746:List of World Heritage in Danger 2660: 2485: 1852:hot-summer Mediterranean climate 1822:and Greek Catholics, along with 1511:(1270–1300), and Tripoli silver 1215: 838:conquered by an Arab Muslim army 732: 667:Once, Tripoli was also known as 511:groups in poorer neighborhoods. 460:'Tripoli of the West'). 367:. Tripoli overlooks the eastern 180: 119: 112: 72: 5533:Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir) 4582: 4549: 4519: 4497: 4472: 4454: 4426: 4400: 4387:"International Fair of Tripoli" 4379: 4349: 4273: 4247: 4222: 4201: 4180: 4161:Simon, Alex (30 January 2017). 4127:Gade, Tina (24 November 2022). 4090: 4015: 3959: 3928: 3855: 3811: 3781: 3763:William Harris (19 July 2012). 3756: 3711: 3693:"طرابلس، مدينة العلم والعلماء!" 3684: 3657: 3630: 3608: 3581: 3569: 3112:Twin towns – Sister cities 2478: 2461:The Palm Islands Nature Reserve 1722: 1581:partition of the Ottoman Empire 1534:and the inland Syrian towns of 1282:or provinces and extended from 1006:. Tripoli was the port city of 519:According to classical writers 120: 6405:Tourist attractions in Lebanon 4905:Phoenician cities and colonies 3724:. Cambridge University Press. 3592:. Tripoli City. Archived from 3553: 3541: 3529: 3398: 3339: 2957:(changed to "City University") 2955:Al-Manar University of Tripoli 2785:St. Elie Greek Orthodox Church 2607:Hammam an-Nuri Tripoli Lebanon 2567: 662:Libyan city with the same name 499:. Tripoli borders the city of 379:, with smaller populations of 102:City of Knowledge and Scholars 13: 1: 4656:Published in the 21st century 4511:. 5 July 2018. Archived from 4484:Tripoli Special Economic Zone 3718:Luz, Nimrod (28 April 2014). 3423:10.1080/00263206.2023.2172405 3333: 3020: 2941:University of Tripoli Lebanon 2781:Maronite Catholic Archeparchy 1542:; the two other eyalets were 1268:. Tripoli ranked third after 660:, to distinguish it from the 548: 543:. These colonies were each a 371:, and it is the northernmost 4336:German Meteorological Office 4314:. Vol. 3, No. 2, August 2008 4300:Return of the Pink Panthers? 3765:Lebanon: A History, 600–2011 3481:"Islamist Groups in Lebanon" 2928: 2925:is located within the city. 1840: 1346:families, and a minority of 603:(888–859 BCE), it is called 7: 4723:Official website of Tripoli 4690:. Oxford University Press. 4527:"Robert Fadel – روبير فاضل" 4023:"Jami' al-Mansuri al-Kabir" 3972:İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi 3863:"Jami' al-Mansuri al-Kabir" 3279: 2999: 2762: 2644:Rachid Karami International 2454:Palm Islands Nature Reserve 2338:Average precipitation days 2128:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1988:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1670:and the abandonment of the 1340:Eastern Orthodox Christians 1240:Downtown historical Tripoli 1123:and including the plain of 752:. The specific problem is: 724:History of Tripoli, Lebanon 710: 703:طرابلس مدينة العلم والعلماء 445: 420: 359:, it is the capital of the 347: 10: 6436: 5885:Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte) 4282:"The art of not governing" 4260:Thomson Reuters Foundation 4052:Journal of Islamic Studies 3953:10.26650/iuturkiyat.793525 3487:. Vol. 11, no. 4 2990: 2864:Omar Ibn El-Khattab Mosque 2815: 2755: 2653:UNESCO World Heritage Site 2640:UNESCO World Heritage Site 2598: 2511: 2432: 1864: 1845: 1808:Lebanese-Alawite community 1572: 1484: 1082: 1047:. During the caliphate of 860:. In 1289, it fell to the 829:and tsunami destroyed the 721: 717: 560: 33: 26: 6044: 5973: 5852: 5796: 5665: 5638:Portus Magonis (Portimão) 5626: 5510: 5457: 5421: 5331: 5210: 5202:Strato's Tower (Caesarea) 5154: 5123: 5087: 4911: 4845: 4833: 3896:. Brill. pp. 53–71. 3851:. Brill Reference Online. 3807:. Brill Reference Online. 2715: 2703: 2693: 2683: 2671: 2659: 2650: 2384: 2337: 2267: 2197: 2127: 2057: 1987: 1917: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1816:Greek Orthodox Christians 1791: 1754:— 300: 290: 276: 266: 256: 248: 243: 235: 230: 222: 217: 205: 193: 173: 138: 107: 99: 78:Clockwise from top left: 71: 62: 48: 5384:Ornithon (Tell el-Burak) 3824:. Taylor & Francis. 2558:Süleyman the Magnificent 1298:north. It also included 1246:Sultan al-Mansur Qalawun 1244:Tripoli was captured by 825:rule around 64 BCE. The 514: 487:, which were declared a 34:Not to be confused with 29:Tripoli (disambiguation) 6038:Arab Capital of Culture 4647:Encyclopædia Britannica 4637:"Tripoli (Syria)" 4594:www.tripoli-lebanon.com 4462:"Projects :: BIAT" 4077:Mohamad, Danah (2020). 3637:admin (14 March 2015). 3550:by Chaim Potok. p. 169. 3538:by Jawād Būlus. p. 308. 3107:International relations 2856:Mahmoud Beik the Sanjak 2758:Tripoli railway station 2752:Tripoli Railway Station 2576:The Al-Tell Clock Tower 2543:Raymond de Saint-Gilles 1798:Tripoli has a majority 1687:Tripoli railway station 1672:Tripoli railway station 1113:Raymond of Saint-Gilles 495:), rare monk seals and 471:, which is the largest 3920:Bloom & Blair 2009 3411:Middle Eastern Studies 3322:Raymond IV of Toulouse 3074: 3047: 2966:University of Balamand 2825: 2792:Syriac Orthodox Church 2738: 2608: 2577: 2538: 2456: 2435:Deutscher Wetterdienst 1689: 1668:Lebanon's rail network 1664: 1519: 1496: 1381: 1296:al Alawiyyin mountains 1241: 1233: 1096: 948: 794: 698: 441:its Libyan counterpart 325: 5228:Cape Melqart (Cefalù) 4632:Hogarth, David George 3935:Altan, Çetin (2021). 3347:"طَرَابُلُس: Lebanon" 3287:2019 Tripoli shooting 3072: 3045: 2860:Mansouri Great Mosque 2823: 2734: 2606: 2575: 2452: 1728:Historical population 1684: 1645: 1621:Arab Democratic Party 1502: 1494: 1379: 1239: 1226:Mansouri Great Mosque 1223: 1092: 946: 827:551 Beirut earthquake 792: 693: 465:Mansouri Great Mosque 319: 278: • Summer ( 158:34.43667°N 35.83444°E 84:Mansouri Great Mosque 6420:Ottoman clock towers 6073:United Arab Emirates 5905:Maqom Hadesh (Ounga) 5743:Carthage (Cartagena) 5131:Callista (Santorini) 5069:Tipasa in Mauretania 5029:Rusippisir (Taksebt) 4624:The Modern Traveller 3981:10.26570/isad.650332 3941:Journal of Turkology 3144:improve this section 3095:Environmental issues 2842:Abou Bakr Al Siddeeq 2539:Château Saint-Gilles 1918:Record high °C (°F) 1589:Syrian National Bloc 1290:mountains south, to 912:from the end of the 759:improve this section 748:to meet Knowledge's 6370:Phoenician colonies 5642:Olissipona (Lisbon) 4782:on 24 October 2012. 4741:Tripoli-Lebanon.com 4736:tripoli-lebanon.org 4537:on 17 November 2015 4531:www.robertfadel.com 4367:on 12 November 2020 4361:Tripoli-Lebanon.com 4102:www.qantara-med.org 3576:Lebanon in Pictures 3312:Krak des Chevaliers 2923:Al-Ghuraba cemetery 2910:Al-Uwaysiyat Mosque 2903:Zafer Bellah Mosque 2742:World Heritage List 2647: 2562:Mustafa Agha Barbar 2541:), in reference to 2198:Record low °C (°F) 2058:Daily mean °C (°F) 1729: 1685:Rusted cars at the 1602:Lebanon's civil war 1595:Independent Lebanon 1312:Krak des Chevaliers 1188:Krak Des Chevaliers 1184:Knights Hospitaller 1129:Krak des Chevaliers 695:Arabic calligraphic 477:Mamluk architecture 154: / 88:Mamluk architecture 6400:Tourism in Lebanon 6308:State of Palestine 6195:State of Palestine 5814:Balanaea (Baniyas) 5044:Rusuccuru (Dellys) 4846:Towns and villages 4746:2009-09-13 at the 4731:Tripoli on Twitter 4626:, London: J.Duncan 4306:2012-02-19 at the 4064:10.1093/jis/etp002 4005:Tadmouri, O. AS., 3787:Tadmouri, O. AS., 3564:Philip Khuri Hitti 3351:Geographical Names 3075: 3048: 2897:Al Ghandour Mosque 2826: 2643: 2609: 2578: 2520:Citadel of Tripoli 2514:Citadel of Tripoli 2508:Citadel of Tripoli 2457: 1727: 1690: 1660:Muslim Brotherhood 1559:Citadel of Tripoli 1520: 1497: 1382: 1257:(bathhouses), and 1242: 1234: 1210:Benjamin of Tudela 1176:Citadel of Tripoli 1097: 1094:Citadel of Tripoli 949: 914:Hellenistic period 795: 699: 469:Citadel of Tripoli 446:Ṭarābulus al-Gharb 421:Ṭarābulus ash-Shām 326: 249: • Total 236: • Total 226:Ahmed Qamar Al-Din 223: • Mayor 163:34.43667; 35.83444 100:Nickname(s): 90:, bay view, and a 80:Citadel of Tripoli 6415:Phoenician cities 6347: 6346: 6004: 6003: 5634:Portus Hannibalis 5523:Arambys (Mogador) 5408:Ushu (Palaetyrus) 5389:Porphyreon (Jieh) 5258:Kapara (Soluntum) 5074:Tipasa in Numidia 5024:Rusicade (Skikda) 4866: 4865: 4827:North Governorate 4769:on 15 April 2013. 4697:978-0-19-530991-1 4668:Koninklijke Brill 4442:. 25 January 2023 4357:"Hammam Al-Nouri" 4213:Dennis Walters MP 4192:Dennis Walters MP 4009:, Tripoli, 1984. 3831:978-1-317-05260-9 3731:978-1-107-04884-3 3596:on 8 October 2014 3458:978-1-5381-2043-9 3391:978-1-5381-2043-9 3302:County of Tripoli 3180: 3179: 3172: 3073:The Tailors’ Khan 3055:Yusuf Sayfa Pasha 2849:Al-Burtasi Mosque 2779:Cathedral of the 2725: 2724: 2589:Jaffa Clock Tower 2441: 2440: 2387:relative humidity 1796: 1795: 1606:Tawheed al-Islami 1552:Vilayet of Beirut 1528:Eyalet of Tripoli 1453:Mosques). Sultan 1145:Western Europeans 1115:) extending from 1105:County of Tripoli 1085:County of Tripoli 924:, in addition to 858:County of Tripoli 787: 786: 779: 750:quality standards 741:This section may 708: 459: 434: 369:Mediterranean Sea 361:North Governorate 314: 313: 200:North Governorate 18:Tripoli (Lebanon) 16:(Redirected from 6427: 6360:Tripoli, Lebanon 6031: 6024: 6017: 6008: 6007: 5773:Tagilit (Tíjola) 5548:Shalat (Chellah) 5518:Azama (Azemmour) 4903: 4893: 4886: 4879: 4870: 4869: 4823:Tripoli District 4821: 4811: 4804: 4797: 4788: 4787: 4783: 4770: 4727: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4680: 4671: 4651: 4639: 4627: 4598: 4597: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4561: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4533:. Archived from 4523: 4517: 4516: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4363:. Archived from 4353: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4329: 4321: 4315: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4226: 4220: 4205: 4199: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4158: 4143: 4142: 4124: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4047: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4003: 3994: 3993: 3983: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3932: 3926: 3917: 3908: 3907: 3889: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3798: 3792: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3760: 3754: 3747: 3736: 3735: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3520: 3518: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3476: 3463: 3462: 3444: 3435: 3434: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3377: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3343: 3327:Siege of Tripoli 3271: 3270: 3259: 3258: 3249:Toulouse, France 3247: 3246: 3235: 3234: 3222: 3221: 3209: 3208: 3196: 3195: 3175: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3155: 3124: 3116: 2961:Jinan University 2906:Al Wafaa’ Mosque 2885:Al Bachir Mosque 2868:Sidi Abdel Wahed 2689:Cultural: ii, iv 2664: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2547:Essendemir Kurgi 2529: 2489: 2445:Offshore islands 2341: 1862: 1861: 1835:Syrian civil war 1743: 1738: 1730: 1726: 1698:financial crisis 1459:Crusader citadel 1455:al-Ashraf Khalil 1334:who accompanied 1180:Carmelite Church 1127:with the famous 947:Ruins in Tripoli 940:were uncovered. 782: 775: 771: 768: 762: 736: 735: 728: 713: 707:romanized: 706: 704: 686: 685: 676: 675: 652:Ṭarābulus al-Šām 601:Ashurnasirpal II 563: 562: 553: 550: 521:Diodorus Siculus 509:radical Islamist 457: 454: 452: 448: 432: 429: 427: 423: 414:derives. In the 365:Tripoli District 353:northern Lebanon 350: 345: 338: 310: 307: 283: 212:Tripoli District 186: 184: 183: 169: 168: 166: 165: 164: 159: 155: 152: 151: 150: 147: 123: 122: 116: 76: 57: 56: 46: 45: 21: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6424: 6350: 6349: 6348: 6343: 6040: 6035: 6005: 6000: 5969: 5860:Aspis (Kelibia) 5848: 5792: 5661: 5647:Ossonoba (Faro) 5622: 5506: 5453: 5417: 5354:Athar (Tripoli) 5327: 5206: 5150: 5119: 5083: 4959:Iol (Cherchell) 4907: 4897: 4867: 4862: 4841: 4829: 4815: 4757: 4748:Wayback Machine 4725: 4719: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4674: 4606: 4604:Further reading 4601: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4564:Financial Times 4554: 4550: 4540: 4538: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4515:on 4 July 2018. 4503: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4417: 4415: 4405: 4401: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4340: 4338: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4312:Mideast Monitor 4308:Wayback Machine 4298:Riad Yazbeck. " 4297: 4293: 4278: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4254:Gebeily, Maya. 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4206: 4202: 4185: 4181: 4171: 4169: 4159: 4146: 4139: 4125: 4116: 4106: 4104: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4083: 4075: 4071: 4048: 4041: 4031: 4029: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4004: 3997: 3974:(43): 198–203. 3964: 3960: 3933: 3929: 3918: 3911: 3904: 3890: 3881: 3871: 3869: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3843: 3839: 3832: 3816: 3812: 3799: 3795: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3761: 3757: 3748: 3739: 3732: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3689: 3685: 3675: 3673: 3664:اللواء, جريدة. 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3586: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3558: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3516: 3514: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3488: 3477: 3466: 3459: 3445: 3438: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3378: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3331: 3282: 3265: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3216: 3203: 3190: 3176: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3141: 3125: 3114: 3109: 3097: 3088: 3080: 3040: 3032:Mohammad Safadi 3023: 3002: 2993: 2931: 2919: 2915:Mu'allaq Mosque 2900:Al Shokr Mosque 2894:Al Salam Mosque 2891:Al Rahma Mosque 2838:Al-Attar Mosque 2818: 2813: 2765: 2760: 2754: 2667: 2652: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2601: 2570: 2516: 2510: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2495: 2490: 2481: 2447: 2442: 2339: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1848: 1843: 1725: 1597: 1585:Greater Lebanon 1577: 1571: 1495:Tripoli in 1690 1489: 1483: 1302:, the plain of 1218: 1087: 1081: 1079:Crusader period 1043:-era historian 1000: 918:Late Bronze Age 878: 840:in 635. During 783: 772: 766: 763: 756: 737: 733: 726: 720: 551: 525:Pliny the Elder 517: 497:migratory birds 493:Caretta caretta 473:crusader castle 340: 306:tripoli-lebanon 304: 277: 181: 179: 162: 160: 156: 153: 148: 145: 143: 141: 140: 134: 133: 132: 131: 130: 129: 128: 124: 103: 95: 92:Syriac Catholic 67: 58: 51: 44: 39: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6433: 6423: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6341: 6331: 6321: 6311: 6301: 6291: 6281: 6271: 6261: 6251: 6241: 6231: 6221: 6211: 6198: 6185: 6172: 6159: 6146: 6136: 6126: 6116: 6106: 6096: 6086: 6076: 6066: 6056: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6034: 6033: 6026: 6019: 6011: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5967: 5962: 5952: 5947: 5937: 5932: 5930:Sicca (El Kef) 5927: 5922: 5917: 5907: 5902: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5856: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5800: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5785: 5775: 5770: 5760: 5755: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5725: 5720: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5690: 5680: 5669: 5667: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5636: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5565: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5497:Ras il-Wardija 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5469: 5461: 5459: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5451: 5446: 5436: 5425: 5423: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5379:Gebal (Byblos) 5376: 5374:Botrys (Teros) 5371: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5335: 5333: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5260: 5255: 5253:Heraclea Minoa 5250: 5240: 5230: 5225: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5204: 5199: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5097: 5091: 5089: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5056: 5046: 5041: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5011: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4984:Kissi (Djinet) 4981: 4971: 4961: 4956: 4946: 4936: 4931: 4921: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4896: 4895: 4888: 4881: 4873: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4855: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4814: 4813: 4806: 4799: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4771: 4755: 4750: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4718: 4717:External links 4715: 4714: 4713: 4696: 4681: 4672: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4652: 4642:Chisholm, Hugh 4628: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4581: 4548: 4518: 4496: 4471: 4466:biatcenter.org 4453: 4425: 4399: 4378: 4348: 4316: 4291: 4272: 4246: 4221: 4200: 4179: 4167:synaps.network 4144: 4137: 4114: 4089: 4069: 4058:(2): 188–212. 4039: 4014: 3995: 3958: 3947:(1): 185–197. 3927: 3909: 3902: 3879: 3854: 3837: 3830: 3810: 3793: 3780: 3773: 3755: 3737: 3730: 3710: 3683: 3656: 3629: 3607: 3580: 3568: 3552: 3540: 3528: 3498: 3464: 3457: 3436: 3417:(1): 126–138. 3397: 3390: 3363: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3317:Market (place) 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3263: 3251: 3239: 3237:Faro, Portugal 3227: 3214: 3201: 3178: 3177: 3128: 3126: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3096: 3093: 3087: 3084: 3079: 3076: 3039: 3036: 3022: 3019: 3001: 2998: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2987: 2986:Azm university 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2963: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2930: 2927: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2878: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2862: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2834: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2786: 2783: 2773: 2764: 2761: 2756:Main article: 2753: 2750: 2729:Oscar Niemeyer 2723: 2722: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2705: 2701: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2665: 2657: 2656: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2600: 2597: 2585:Abdul Hamid II 2582:Ottoman Sultan 2569: 2566: 2554:Ottoman Empire 2531:Qalʻat Sān Jīl 2512:Main article: 2509: 2506: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2484: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2446: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1860: 1850:Tripoli has a 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1794: 1793: 1789: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1724: 1721: 1656:Hafez al-Assad 1596: 1593: 1573:Main article: 1570: 1569:French Mandate 1567: 1517:British Museum 1487:Tripoli Eyalet 1485:Main article: 1482: 1481:Ottoman period 1479: 1332:North Africans 1217: 1214: 1109:Crusader state 1083:Main article: 1080: 1077: 999: 996: 906:grinding mills 877: 876:Ancient period 874: 870:French mandate 817:Island. Under 785: 784: 740: 738: 731: 722:Main article: 719: 716: 654:(referring to 632:Ancient Greeks 577:Amarna letters 516: 513: 489:protected area 395:among others. 312: 311: 302: 298: 297: 294: 288: 287: 284: 274: 273: 270: 264: 263: 260: 254: 253: 250: 246: 245: 241: 240: 237: 233: 232: 228: 227: 224: 220: 219: 215: 214: 209: 203: 202: 197: 191: 190: 177: 171: 170: 136: 135: 126: 125: 118: 117: 111: 110: 109: 108: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 77: 69: 68: 63: 60: 59: 52: 49: 42: 36:Tripoli, Libya 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6432: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6339: 6335: 6332: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6315: 6312: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6299: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6269: 6265: 6262: 6259: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6245: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6215: 6212: 6209: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6196: 6192: 6189: 6186: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6173: 6170: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6144: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6130: 6127: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6110: 6107: 6104: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6070: 6067: 6064: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6043: 6039: 6032: 6027: 6025: 6020: 6018: 6013: 6012: 6009: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5809:Marat (Amrit) 5807: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5718: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5703:Gadir (Cadiz) 5701: 5698: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5684: 5681: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5657: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5625: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5543: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5528:Caricus Murus 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5482:Gaulos (Gozo) 5480: 5477: 5473: 5470: 5467: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5447: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5430: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5420: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5330: 5324: 5323:Ṣiṣ (Palermo) 5321: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 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4688: 4682: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4616:Josiah Conder 4613: 4612: 4608: 4607: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4552: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4485: 4481: 4475: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4429: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4388: 4382: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4337: 4334:(in German). 4333: 4326: 4320: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4295: 4287: 4283: 4276: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4235: 4234:unhabitat.org 4231: 4225: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4168: 4164: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4140: 4138:9781009222754 4134: 4130: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4103: 4099: 4093: 4082: 4081: 4073: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4046: 4044: 4028: 4024: 4018: 4008: 4002: 4000: 3991: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3914: 3905: 3899: 3895: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3850: 3849: 3841: 3833: 3827: 3823: 3822: 3814: 3806: 3805: 3797: 3790: 3784: 3776: 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In the 570: 555: 552: 180 m 518: 505: 492: 485:Palm Islands 462: 426:طرابلس الشام 411: 403: 402:, and later 397: 387:, including 328: 327: 322:Nahr Abu Ali 40: 6324:Kuwait City 6254:Constantine 6099:Kuwait City 5865:Bulla Regia 5413:Umm al-Amad 5298:Pantelleria 5167:Akka (Acre) 5053:Aïn Oulmene 5034:Rusubbicari 5018:Tamentfoust 4978:Constantine 4853:Al-Qalamoun 4726:(in Arabic) 4711:ZAATAR, JOE 4675:"Tripoli". 4620:"(Tripoli)" 4574:22 November 4418:26 November 4413:e-architect 4265:22 November 4239:22 November 4209:Lord Mayhew 4188:Lord Mayhew 4172:16 November 4011:(in Arabic) 3924:Tripoli (i) 3703:20 November 3699:(in Arabic) 3676:20 November 3672:(in Arabic) 3649:20 November 3645:(in Arabic) 3622:20 November 3600:14 November 3356:13 December 3182:Tripoli is 3028:Taha Mikati 3015:Saad Hariri 2707:2022 (45th 2704:Inscription 2568:Clock Tower 1717:Ashraf Rifi 1705:Saad Hariri 1629:Syrian army 1522:During the 1111:founded by 1099:During the 965:During the 854:Dar al-'Ilm 819:Hellenistic 799:Phoenicians 761:if you can. 626:, the name 624:Phoenicians 443:, known as 400:Phoenicians 320:The walled 195:Governorate 161: / 6354:Categories 6294:Port Sudan 5875:Hadrumetum 5693:Akra Leuka 5572:Casablanca 5404:Sur (Tyre) 4666:. Leiden: 4541:16 October 4509:Xinhua Net 4480:"About us" 4371:29 January 3903:9004125434 3697:SQM Market 3334:References 3261:Miami, USA 3021:Inequality 2769:Christians 2717:Endangered 2622:Izz El-Din 2340:(≥ 0.1 mm) 1812:Christians 1616:, and the 1579:After the 1563:Suleiman I 1548:Şam Eyalet 1447:al-Burtasi 1359:Lion Tower 1161:Nestorians 1023:Banu Ammar 1012:Alexandria 954:Under the 910:necropolis 882:Phoenician 646:called it 622:Under the 573:Phoenician 416:Arab world 385:Christians 337:طَرَابُلُس 324:at Tripoli 262:Tripolitan 244:Population 218:Government 149:35°50′04″E 146:34°26′12″N 6304:Bethlehem 6188:Jerusalem 5996:Tahpanhes 5991:Gibraltar 5986:Phoenicus 5981:Myriandus 5890:Kerkouane 5767:Almunecar 5578:Volubilis 5449:Tsabratan 5303:Selinunte 5273:Lilybaeum 5040:El Bahri) 5014:Rusguniae 4989:Macomades 4924:Cartennae 4776:"Tripoli" 4759:"Tripoli" 4392:5 January 4341:27 August 3990:1301-3289 3566:. p. 225. 3517:4 October 3491:5 January 3431:0026-3206 3273:Ayia Napa 3224:Gaziantep 3160:July 2019 3131:does not 2929:Education 2694:Reference 2499:panoramic 1841:Geography 1824:Armenians 1820:Maronites 1652:militancy 1625:communist 1451:al-Tawbat 1435:al-Aattar 1396:squinches 1371:madrassas 1190:(today a 1157:Maronites 1153:Armenians 1133:bishopric 1075:records. 988:Sidonians 980:Ptolemais 971:Byzantine 956:Seleucids 938:Stone Age 930:Byzantine 850:Crusaders 831:Byzantine 669:al-Fayḥāʾ 648:Ṭarābulus 605:Mahallata 585:Ṭarābulus 579:the name 449:(Arabic: 437:Levantine 424:(Arabic: 412:Ṭarābulus 393:Armenians 389:Maronites 348:Ṭarābulus 292:Area code 268:Time zone 86:minaret, 6175:Damascus 6139:Khartoum 5955:Thysdrus 5899:Monastir 5870:Carthage 5778:Toscanos 5758:Saguntum 5748:Rushadir 5697:Alicante 5627:Portugal 5593:Oualidia 5553:Tamusida 5502:Tas-Silġ 5466:Cospicua 5464:Maleth ( 5283:Neapolis 5267:Cagliari 5233:Drepanum 5192:Shikmona 5110:Lapathus 5038:Zemmouri 5008:Azeffoun 4999:Rachgoun 4949:Igilgili 4919:Camarata 4744:Archived 4703:15 March 4634:(1911). 4618:(1830), 4568:Archived 4446:26 March 4304:Archived 4219:pp.10,11 4217:Jim Muir 4196:Jim Muir 3280:See also 3275:, Cyprus 3226:, Turkey 3213:, Cyprus 3000:Commerce 2763:Churches 2744:and the 2685:Criteria 2673:Location 2433:Source: 2385:Average 2268:Average 1792:Source: 1649:Islamist 1416:muqarnas 1403:minarets 1279:wilayahs 1274:Damascus 1251:khanqahs 1196:Egyptian 1137:Frankish 1065:al-Hakim 1049:Rashidun 1030:Damascus 1008:Damascus 984:Aradians 922:Iron Age 902:gazelles 743:require 636:Trípolis 597:Assyrian 561:Τρίπολις 556:Trípolis 467:and the 404:Tripolis 381:Alawites 363:and the 207:District 6338:Lebanon 6334:Tripoli 6288:Morocco 6268:Tunisia 6258:Algeria 6244:Tripoli 6234:Baghdad 6228:Bahrain 6169:Algeria 6162:Algiers 6123:Morocco 6083:Lebanon 6069:Sharjah 6063:Tunisia 5959:El Djem 5950:Thapsus 5940:Tayinat 5935:Tabarka 5925:Ruspina 5853:Tunisia 5788:Tyreche 5752:Melilla 5713:Iboshim 5618:Rusibis 5588:Rusadir 5583:Mogador 5562:Tangier 5542:Larache 5511:Morocco 5443:Tripoli 5394:Sarepta 5359:Baalbek 5332:Lebanon 5318:Tharros 5237:Trapani 5104:Larnaca 5059:Thagora 5004:Rusazus 4968:Tigzirt 4964:Iomnium 4943:Algiers 4939:Icosium 4912:Algeria 4858:el-Mina 4839:Tripoli 4834:Capital 4644:(ed.). 4489:16 July 4107:13 June 4032:13 June 4027:Archnet 3872:14 June 3867:Archnet 3510:Palmyra 3307:El Mina 3297:Bazaari 3211:Larnaca 3200:, Italy 3184:twinned 3152:removed 3137:sources 2991:Economy 2816:Mosques 2709:Session 2678:Lebanon 2599:Hammams 2333:(33.5) 2263:(30.6) 2258:(38.1) 2253:(46.4) 2248:(52.2) 2243:(62.6) 2238:(69.1) 2233:(66.2) 2228:(60.1) 2223:(52.5) 2218:(48.6) 2213:(41.0) 2208:(37.8) 2203:(30.6) 2193:(60.9) 2188:(51.6) 2183:(59.7) 2178:(65.8) 2173:(70.7) 2168:(73.4) 2163:(71.8) 2158:(67.6) 2153:(62.8) 2148:(56.7) 2143:(52.0) 2138:(49.6) 2133:(49.1) 2123:(67.9) 2118:(58.3) 2113:(66.2) 2108:(73.0) 2103:(78.3) 2098:(80.8) 2093:(79.2) 2088:(75.2) 2083:(70.3) 2078:(63.5) 2073:(58.8) 2068:(55.9) 2063:(55.0) 2053:(74.5) 2048:(66.0) 2043:(74.8) 2038:(80.8) 2033:(85.1) 2028:(86.4) 2023:(84.7) 2018:(80.8) 2013:(76.3) 2008:(70.0) 2003:(65.5) 1998:(62.4) 1993:(61.7) 1983:(95.4) 1978:(77.7) 1973:(88.5) 1968:(88.5) 1963:(89.2) 1958:(91.8) 1953:(92.3) 1948:(95.4) 1943:(93.0) 1938:(90.0) 1933:(86.4) 1928:(72.7) 1923:(72.7) 1867:El Mina 1846:Climate 1784:282,315 1773:217,614 1762:210,574 1751:217,936 1742:±% p.a. 1637:Iranian 1618:Alawite 1524:Ottoman 1471:Khanqah 1427:Hammams 1412:joggled 1344:Western 1342:, some 1336:Qalawun 1327:Mamluks 1292:Latakia 1255:hammams 1230:minaret 1203:Qalawun 1201:sultan 1169:Muslims 1141:Occitan 1121:Latakia 1101:Crusade 1063:caliph 1061:Fatimid 1051:caliph 1041:Abbasid 1019:Ismaili 992:Tyrians 976:Antioch 934:Fatimid 890:El Mina 866:Ottoman 862:Mamluks 846:Fatimid 842:Umayyad 803:Persian 745:cleanup 718:History 674:الفيحاء 609:Mahlata 545:stadion 501:El Mina 458: 433: 406:by the 373:seaport 329:Tripoli 301:Website 258:Demonym 252:243,800 188:Lebanon 175:Country 127:Tripoli 50:Tripoli 6336:2023 ( 6328:Kuwait 6326:2022 ( 6318:Jordan 6316:2021 ( 6306:2020 ( 6296:2019 ( 6286:2018 ( 6276:2017 ( 6266:2016 ( 6256:2015 ( 6246:2014 ( 6236:2013 ( 6226:2012 ( 6224:Manama 6216:2011 ( 6149:Muscat 6141:2005 ( 6131:2004 ( 6129:Sanaʽa 6121:2003 ( 6113:Jordan 6111:2002 ( 6103:Kuwait 6101:2001 ( 6091:2000 ( 6089:Riyadh 6081:1999 ( 6079:Beirut 6071:1998 ( 6061:1997 ( 6051:1996 ( 5914:Djerba 5910:Meninx 5895:Lepcis 5879:Sousse 5844:Ugarit 5834:Shuksi 5829:Safita 5824:Paltus 5732:Málaga 5728:Malake 5673:Abdera 5656:Tavira 5538:Likush 5492:Mtarfa 5429:Lepcis 5368:Beirut 5263:Karaly 5187:Reshef 5177:Michal 5162:Achzib 5155:Israel 5141:Rhodes 5124:Greece 5115:Marion 5100:Kition 5088:Cyprus 5079:Timici 5063:Taoura 4994:Malaca 4694: 4332:dwd.de 4286:Synaps 4198:pp.7,8 4135: 3988: 3900: 3828: 3771: 3728: 3524:City." 3455: 3429: 3388: 3292:Bazaar 3198:Naples 3186:with: 2790:Ephrem 2535:French 2524:Arabic 2465:UNESCO 2359:trace 2328:(6.9) 2323:(4.3) 2318:(2.2) 2313:(0.5) 2308:trace 2305:trace 2302:(0.0) 2297:(0.6) 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