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In the summer of 1790, twenty-seven
Muscogee leaders, led by McGillivray, traveled to New York and signed a treaty on behalf of the "Upper, Middle, and Lower Creek and Seminole composing the Creek nation of Indians." Informed of European legal customs by his Scottish father, McGillivray provided his
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The United States granted the
Muscogee the right to punish non-indigenous trespassers in their territory but refused to allow them to punish non-indigenous people who committed crimes on Creek lands. The Muscogee agreed to turn over to U.S. courts any member of their tribe who was accused of
132:. Ellis says the treaty failed because the military strength of the federal government was insufficient to police the borders of Muscogee territory, and white American settlers infiltrated it despite the treaty.
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genocidal) removal of Native
American populations from U.S. territory, and envisioned Indian nations would some day be admitted to the American union as
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formal signature on behalf of the Creek delegation. Creek leaders ceded a significant portion of their hunting grounds, including land stretching to the
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The Treaty of New York was the first treaty between the United States and Native
Americans that was not held in Indian-controlled lands.
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over to federal authorities, but
Muscogee leaders averred that convincing their people to honor the new boundary lines and return
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without paying
American duties. He also received $ 100,000 in compensation for the seized lands of his father.
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103:, with an annual salary of $ 1,500. The treaty also provided the tribes with agricultural supplies and tools.
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71:, who described his grievances in a letter to the U.S. commissioners. Washington sent a special emissary,
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crimes. In a secret side agreement, McGillivray was also granted a commission as a brigadier in the
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A New Order of Things. Property, Power, and the
Transformation of the Creek Indians, 1733–1816
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and the
Muscogee at Rock Landing, Georgia in 1789, was abruptly ended by Muscogee leader
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Ellis, Joseph J. (2006). "The McGillivray Moment". In
Hollinshead, Byron (ed.).
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McGillivray was granted permission to import goods through the
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American Indian
Treaties: The History of a Political Anomaly
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Henry Knox: Visionary General of the American Revolution
336:"The Founding Fathers Weigh In On Politics Today"
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16:1790 treaty between the United States and Creek
63:A failed 1789 attempt at a treaty between the
75:, to McGillvray and persuaded him to come to
321:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
253:George Washington: A Biographical Companion
370:United States and Native American treaties
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124:says Washington hoped to stop the (
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304:Gilmore, James Roberts (1900).
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307:"McGillivray, Alexander"
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226:. Cambridge University Press.
188:University of California Press
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385:18th century in New York City
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182:Prucha, Francis Paul (1994).
380:Aboriginal title in New York
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54:presidential administration
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93:enslaved African-Americans
324:. New York: D. Appleton.
89:fugitive American slaves
222:Saunt, Claudio (1999).
29:, who signed the treaty
283:. St. Martin's Press.
248:Grizzard, Frank E. Jr.
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161:I Wish I'd Been There
69:Alexander McGillivray
47:U.S. Secretary of War
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52:, who served in the
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277:Puls, Mark (2008).
147:Nonintercourse Act
101:United States Army
35:Treaty of New York
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263:978-1-57607-082-6
58:George Washington
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233:0521660432
206:References
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174:030738764X
120:Historian
50:Henry Knox
27:Henry Knox
316:Fiske, J.
112:Pensacola
375:Muscogee
318:(eds.).
250:(2002).
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126:de facto
110:port of
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108:Spanish
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