Transnistria War - Knowledge

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briefly assessing the situation, he assumed command of the army, relieving Netkachev, and ordered his troops to enter the conflict directly. On 3 July at 03:00, a massive artillery strike from 14th Army formations stationed on left bank of the Dniester obliterated the Moldovan force concentrated in Gerbovetskii forest, near Bender, effectively ending the military phase of the conflict. Romanian authors Anatolie Muntean and Nicolae Ciubotaru attribute to Lebed a quote demonstrating his support of the Transnistrian cause: "I am proud that we helped and armed Transnistrian guards against Moldovan fascists". He also called himself as "guarantor" of the "Dniester Republic". However, he bore no goodwill towards the Transnistrian leadership and frequently denounced them as "criminals" and "bandits". Another quote attributed to him describes his stance as follows: "I told the hooligans in Tiraspol and the fascists in Chișinău – either you stop killing each other, or else I'll shoot the whole lot of you with my tanks".

750: 592: 122: 1373:, which allowed political pluralism at the regional (republican) level. In the Moldavian SSR, as in many other parts of the Soviet Union, national movements became the leading political force. As these movements exhibited increasingly nationalist sentiments and expressed intent to leave the USSR in favor of uniting with Romania, they encountered growing opposition from among the primarily Russian-speaking ethnic minorities living in the republic. This opposition to the new trends and potential future policies was manifested in a more visible way in Transnistria, where, unlike the rest of the MSSR, ethnic 671: 513: 501: 691: 487: 159: 2234: 2127: 3978: 633: 717: 650: 475: 463: 444: 425: 406: 387: 364: 345: 333: 318: 146: 1943: 762: 1414: 2304: 2291: 774: 2433:, appropriating an unknown but large amount of equipment. With the commanding officer of the 14th Guards Army, General G. I. Yakovlev, openly supporting the newly created PMR, these forays usually met no resistance from army guards, who never faced punishment. Yakovlev eventually participated in the founding of the PMR, served in the PMR Supreme Soviet and accepted the position as the first chairman of the PMR Department of Defense on 3 December 1991, causing the Commander-in-Chief of the 705: 2216:-250 bombs each. The other aircraft was a MiG-29UB providing cover. No direct hits were achieved on the intended target, but the bridge received some blast and splinter damage from near misses. One of the bombs went astray and fell on a civilian residence, killing a number of people inside. Sources from the 14th Army claimed a second MiG-29 attack on an oil refinery at Tiraspol the following day, in which one aircraft was allegedly shot down by a 3968: 604: 573: 561: 529: 799: 536: 1693: 786: 292: 280: 268: 256: 237: 225: 213: 201: 186: 130: 617: 2088:) were killed, but the military unit from Cocieri was defeated by the Moldovans. The officers and their families were forced to leave the village. More policemen were ferried the following days from the western bank of the Dniester. They organized a defense line around the three villages, while PMR forces retained control of Dubăsari. In the following weeks both PMR and Moldovan forces amassed large numbers in the area and fought a 737: 43: 2382:, HRC Memorial observers interviewed 12 Transnistrian prisoners of war. The prisoners stated that while being initially detained and interrogated in Căușeni, they were severely beaten with clubs and gun buttstocks by Moldovan police, as well as being threatened with firing squads. There were also reports of captured Moldovan policemen, soldiers and volunteers being beaten and tortured by PMR forces. 2192:

Bender arrested the 14th Army's Major Yermakov on suspicion of planned subversion. After his arrest, PMR guards opened fire on the police station. The Moldovan government ordered its troops to enter the city the following morning. Urban warfare ensued between the two sides in the densely populated city, causing civilian casualties. The Moldovan radio said three Soviet Russian

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local eyewitnesses testified that in the same day, unarmed men that gathered in the Bender downtown square in request of the PMR Executive Committee, were fired at from machine guns. HRC observers were told by doctors in Bender that as a result of heavy fire from Moldovan positions between 19 and 20 June, they were unable to attend the wounded.

2698:[On measures to implement the Decree of the President of the Republic of Moldova of November 14, 1991 "On declaring the property of the Republic of Moldova weapons, military equipment, other military property belonging to military units stationed on the territory of the republic"] (in Russian). Archived from 2626:

participation of the 14th Army was indispensable for the victory of the separatists, ... Moldovan forces were concentrated in a forest near Bender, and Lebed decided to stop their advance by relying on his powerful artillery. At 0300 on 3 July massive barrages rained down on the unsuspecting Moldovans ...

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taken from the stores of the former 14th Army. The Russian troops chose not to oppose the PMR units who had come to help themselves from the Army's stores; on the contrary, in many cases they helped the PMR troops equip themselves by handing over weapons and by opening up the ammunition stores to them.

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Shortly before the escalation of the conflict in late June 1992, Romania provided military support to Moldova by supplying weaponry, ammunition and armed vehicles, and also by sending military advisers and training Moldovan military and police forces. Volunteers from Romania fought on Moldova's side.

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From 21 to 22 June, both sides engaged in intense urban street fighting, which employed the use of tanks, artillery and grenade launchers. Officers from both sides admitted that these actions led to an increase in civilian casualties. During this time period, ambulance cars were fired upon, with both

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The news of the havoc in Bender reached Tiraspol, only 11 km (7 miles) away, as Moldovan troops were approaching the crucial bridge over the Dniester. At this point, with the support of ROG's tanks, the Transnistrian Republican Guard and Cossack volunteers rushed to confront the Moldovan forces.

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was made in absence of "any real legal basis". The PMR interpreted this as meaning that the 1940-merger of the two sides of the Dniester river was dissolved. Moldova, however, did not agree, as large portions of the territory occupied in 1940 by the USSR remain in Ukraine, and almost immediately took

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and Moldova to believe that a union between Moldova and Romania was inevitable. This possibility caused fears among the Russian-speaking population that they would be excluded from most aspects of public life. From September 1989, there were strong scenes of protests in the region against the central

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in Moldovan territory numbered about 14,000 professional soldiers. The PMR authorities had 9,000 militiamen trained and armed by officers of the 14th Army. The volunteers came from the Russian Federation: a number of Don, Kuban, Orenburg, Sibir and local Transnistrian Black Sea Cossacks joined in to

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By 1992, Moldova had troops under the Ministry of the Interior. On 17 March 1992, they started recruiting troops for the newly created Ministry of Defence. By July 1992, total Moldovan troop strength has been estimated at 25,000–35,000, including called-up police officers, conscripts, reservists and

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One of the first clashes between the Moldovan government and separatists occurred on 2 November 1990 in Dubăsari. Local women stormed the Court and Prosecutor's Office and stayed there for several hours. A police detachment was then dispatched to clear a roadblock placed by the city residents on the

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While some believe that the combination of a distinct history (especially 1918–1940) and a fear of discrimination by Moldovans, gave rise to separatist sentiments, others believe that ethnic tensions alone fail to account for the dynamics of the conflict. According to John Mackinlay and Peter Cross,

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This response was too much for the commander of the 14th Army General Yuri Netkachev, who ordered Russian troops to drive out the Moldovan forces. The 14th Army had always supported the separatists since the very beginning, but this direct support was the first open participation in combat. ... The

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arrived at the 14th Army headquarters with standing orders to inspect the army, prevent the theft of armaments from its depots, stop the ongoing conflict with any means available and ensure the unimpeded evacuation of armaments and Army personnel from Moldovan and through Ukrainian territory. After

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The Russian 14th Army's role in the area was crucial to the outcome of the war. The Moldovan army's position of inferiority prevented it from gaining control of Transnistria. Russia has since disbanded the 14th army and reduced troop strength in Transnistria to a corps of around 1,300 men who form

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and the Russian Federation in turn) stationed in Transnistria, had fought with and on behalf of the PMR forces. A significant portion of the personnel of the Russian 14th Army were local conscripts and officers that had been given local residence. PMR units were able to arm themselves with weapons

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signed a decree that declared void the decisions of the Second Congress of People Deputies of Transnistria from 2 September. For two months, Moldovan authorities refrained from taking action against this proclamation. Transnistria became one of the "unrecognized republics" that appeared throughout

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eyewitnesses on 19 June 1992 saw Moldovan troops in armored vehicles deliberately firing at houses, courtyards and cars with heavy machine guns. The next day, Moldovan troops allegedly shot at civilians that were hiding in houses, trying to escape the city, or helping wounded PMR guardsmen. Other

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erupted after regular Moldovan forces entered the city of Bender in an attempt to reestablish the authority of Moldova there. It has been reported that this action was a response to the stand-off at the police station in Bender on 19 June 1992. On the afternoon of that day, the Moldovan police in

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A second Moldovan attempt to cross the Lunga bridge took place on 13 December 1991. As a result of the fighting, 27 PMR troops were taken prisoner and four Moldovan troops (Ghenadie Iablocikin, Gheorghe Cașu, Valentin Mereniuk and Mihai Arnăut) were killed, without Moldova being able to cross the

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territory, accusing him of helping the PMR forces to arm themselves by using the weapons stocks of the 14th Army. At that time, General Yakovlev has been both Commander of the 14th Army and "Head of the National Defence and Security Department" of the PMR. The government of the Russian Federation

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On 1 March 1992 Igor Shipcenko, the PMR militia chief of Dubăsari, was killed by a teenager and Moldovan police were accused of the killing. Although minor, this incident was a sufficient spark for the already very tense situation to blow up and cause the conflict to escalate.

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Russia Vice-president Rutskoy, in a speech delivered on the main channel of the Russian television, called for all Russian forces in Tiraspol to storm Bender. In the course of the following days, parts of the city of Bender, including the center, were retaken by PMR forces.

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It is estimated that in total nearly one thousand people were killed in the conflict, with the number of wounded approaching 3,000. Unlike many other post-Soviet conflicts, IDPs (internally displaced persons) did not reach large numbers in the war of Transnistria.

2696:"О мерах по реализации Указа Президента Республики Молдова от 14 ноября 1991 года "Об объявлении собственностью Республики Молдова вооружения, военной техники, другого военного имущества, принадлежащего воинским частям, дислоцированным на территории республики"" 2021:, i.e. received full international recognition of its 27 August 1991 declaration of independence. After Transnistrian paramilitary advances Moldova declared the state of emergency on 29 March, the armed conflict culminated in May and June in three areas along the 2083:

On 2 March 1992, locals from Cocieri, after hearing about the situation in Dubăsari, broke into the small local arms depot to arm themselves against the PMR side. Three locals (Alexandru Luchianov from Cocieri, Alexandru Gazea from Molovata and Mihai Nour from

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that effectively cut the city off from the central government. After being prevented from clearing the roadblock, policemen opened fire, with three residents of Dubăsari being killed and 13 wounded, resulting in the first casualties of the conflict.

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bridge. After this second failed attempt, there was a lull in military activity until 2 March 1992, considered the official start date of the War of Transnistria. This day was the same day when Moldova was admitted as a member of the

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officially took the position of neutrality and non-involvement, many of its officers were sympathetic towards the fledgling Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR) and some even defected in order to help the PMR side openly. ROG

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members fought alongside Transnistrian separatists against Moldovan government forces in defense of a large ethnic-Ukrainian minority in Transnistria. The incongruous motive of assisting a mostly pro-Russian region was for the

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On 22 June 1992, acting on news that troops from the 14th Army were ready to cross the Dniestr and move deep into Moldova, the Moldovan military ordered an airstrike to destroy the bridge between Bender and Tiraspol. A three

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during 1940–1989. On 27 April 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR adopted the traditional tricolour (blue, yellow and red) flag with the Moldavian coat of arms and later changed in 1991 the national anthem to

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who conducted a study based on casualty reports, significant numbers of both Transnistrians and Moldovans fought together on both sides of the conflict. They suggest that the conflict is more political in nature.

2825: 2076:, afraid of starting an armed conflict, ordered the 26 policemen to surrender to the attacking Cossacks and PMR forces. They were later exchanged for Lieutenant-General Yakovlev. Moldovan policemen loyal to 6106: 434: 4093: 3755:

Anatolie Muntean, Nicolae Ciubotaru – "Războiul de pe Nistru" (The war on Dniestr), Ager-Economistul Publishing House, Bucharest 2004, page 451 (with a photo of Lebed inspecting Transnistrian guards)

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In addition to Soviet weaponry inherited upon independence, Moldova also obtained arms from Romania. Romania also sent military advisors and volunteers to aid Moldova during the conflict.

3964: 2037: 3039:[On 6 April, Cossacks in Krasnodar held a commemoration for those killed during the military conflict in Transnistria (PHOTO)] (in Russian). Radio Pridnestrovie. Archived from 2449:

were largely unsuccessful and the situation escalated to an open military engagement by June 1992. On 23 June, in the wake of a coordinated offensive by Moldovan forces, Major General

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A similar development occurred on 13 March in the villages of Coșnița, Pîrîta, Pohrebea and Doroțcaia. A second "bridge-head" was formed on the eastern bank, now south of Dubăsari.

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fight alongside the separatists. Due to the irregular makeup of the forces, troop strength of the PMR is in dispute, but it is believed that during March it numbered around 12,000.

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Neither side had a proper military force. The intervention of the Russian Fourteenth Army and its commander General Alexander Lebed on behalf of the Transdniestrians was decisive.

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interceded with the Moldovan government to obtain the release of General Yakovlev in exchange for 26 policemen detained by PMR forces at the start of the fighting in Dubăsari.

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The first fatalities in the emerging conflict took place on 2 November 1990, two months after the PMR's 2 September 1990 declaration of independence. Moldovan forces entered

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as "null and void" and viewed Moldova's Independence as an act of elimination of "the political and legal consequences of the above", declaring that the establishment of the

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ceasefires, lasted throughout the spring and early summer of 1992 until a ceasefire was declared on 21 July 1992, which has held. The conflict is sometimes known as the

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With the PMR's overwhelming military superiority, Moldova had little chance of achieving victory and the fighting was unpopular with the skeptical Moldovan population.

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sides accusing each other of the attacks. PMR sources stated that in Bender, one doctor was killed and several wounded, while six ambulance personnel were wounded in

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and Transnistria declared themselves as separate from Moldova and announced their application to be reattached to the Soviet Union as independent federal republics.

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A ceasefire agreement was signed on 21 July. This official document whose broad lines was established by the Russian side, was signed by the presidents of Russia (

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from the Dubăsari raion (district), instead of returning to work in the occupied precinct in Dubăsari, now a milice precinct, gathered in Cocieri.

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Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union: Russian and American Perspectives, Alexei Arbatov, et al. eds. (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997), p. 178

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regime in neighboring Romania in December 1989 and the partial opening of the border between Romania and Moldova on 6 May 1990, led many in

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Days after the truce had been agreed upon, a military confrontation between a local self-defence unit and the Moldovan army, took place in

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Anatolie Muntean, Nicolae Ciubotaru – "Războiul de pe Nistru", Ager – Economistul Publishing House, Bucharest 2004, pages 119 and 122.

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in order to separate Transnistria into two halves, but were stopped by the city's inhabitants, who had blocked the bridge over the

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sapper battalion, under the orders of General Butkevich, went over to the PMR side. This battalion later destroyed the bridges at

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According to Romanian sources, at least one inmate was released from Bender prison to be enrolled in the Transnistrian Guard.

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over Moldovan-Romanian aggression." Following the war, 50 UNSO members were awarded the PMR "Defender of Transnistria" medal.

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in 1991. However, after the breakup of the Soviet Union, the territorial changes resulting from it have remained in place.

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tanks from the 14th Army, some bearing Russian flags, were destroyed when closing in on central Bender, two of them by

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The first area of military action was on the eastern shore of the Dniester river, from north to south, the villages of

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Building still showing damage from the brief fighting in Bender during Transnistria's war for independence from Moldova

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The language laws presented a particularly volatile issue as a great proportion of the non-Moldovan population of the

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as official languages. As the nationalist-dominated Moldavian Supreme Soviet outlawed these initiatives, the

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6 апреля казаки в Краснодаре провели поминовение погибших во время военного конфликта в Приднестровье (ФОТО)

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and Transnistria, which initially sought autonomy within the Moldavian SSR, in order to retain Russian and

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was proclaimed, "Pridnestrovie" being the name for Transnistria in Russian. On 22 December 1990 president

1413: 6394: 6377: 6249: 6118: 6086: 6022: 5911: 5802: 5787: 5623: 5200: 5101: 5070: 4723: 2826:"Unexpected Friendships: Cooperation of Ukrainian Ultra-Nationalists with Russian and Pro-Kremlin Actors" 1869: 1865: 1707: 1393: 1378: 1322: 1059: 957: 582: 3726: 1484: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6294: 5832: 5822: 5792: 5782: 5397: 5337: 5252: 5165: 5091: 4843: 4838: 4409: 3599: 2642: 1539: 1049: 3513:"Human Rights and Russian Military Involvement in the "Near Abroad"" Human Rights Watch December. 1993 6473: 6448: 6133: 6027: 5827: 5086: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4853: 4326: 4146: 3993: 2072:

to support the PMR side stormed the police precinct in Dubăsari during the night. Moldovan president

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government's ethnic policies. The protests developed into the formation of secessionist movements in

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breakaway territory and a self-proclaimed republic, unrecognised by any United Nations member state.

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visited Transnistria and expressed the full support of Transnistrian separatists by Soviet Russia.

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Arms and Ethnic Conflict, John Sislin, Frederic S. Pearson (Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), p. 99

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did not speak Moldovan (Romanian). The problem of the official language in the MSSR had become a

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as its capital (1924–1940). It represents slightly more than one tenth of Moldova's territory.

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On 31 August 1989, the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR enacted two laws. One of them made

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Vlad Grecu – "O viziune din focarul conflictlui de la Dubăsari", Prut International 2005,

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is the term used in the former Soviet Union for a virtually identical dialect of the

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In December 1991, the Moldovan authorities arrested Lieutenant-General Yakovlev in

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Uncertain Ground: Engaging with Europe's De Facto States and Breakaway Territories

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1990–1992 conflict between Moldova and Russian-backed self-proclaimed Transnistria

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Reconstituting the market: the political economy of microeconomic transformation

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The Republic of Moldova on 21 July 1992, after the end of the Transnistria War.

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The Russian Military Resurgence: Post-Soviet Decline and Rebuilding, 1992–2018

6442: 6372: 6209: 5847: 5313: 5195: 4300: 4258: 3908: 2442: 2379: 2325: 2321: 2077: 2073: 2069: 1951:

volunteers, especially from the Moldavian localities near the conflict zone.

1885: 1873: 1845: 1821: 1312: 980: 976: 941: 492: 191: 3820: 3580:Хроника конфликта в Приднестровско – Молдавской республике с 1988 по 2006 г. 3561:

Vlad Grecu – "O viziune din focarul conflictului de la Dubăsari", page 38-39

2429:

In 1991, PMR paramilitary forces conducted forays into supply depots of the

1893:

steps to assert its sovereignty over the full territory of the former MSSR.

217: 103:

independent state, but remains internationally recognized as part of Moldova

6128: 5652: 5618: 5373: 5318: 4701: 4508: 4321: 4019: 3977: 3065: 3060:[Participation of Russian Cossacks in the Transnistrian conflict]. 2584: 2463: 2423: 2372: 2213: 1931: 1825: 1796: 1479: 1439: 1358: 965: 961: 881: 709: 632: 479: 151: 77: 5889: 4525: 3570:

V. Grecu – "O viziune din focarul conflictului de la Dubăsari", page 65-68

6234: 5963: 5884: 5817: 5647: 5240: 5230: 4520: 4193: 4012: 3704: 3684: 3654:

Bárcenas Medina, Luis Andrés; López Jiménez, José Ángel (December 2011).

2491: 2479: 1614: 1514: 1366: 4670: 4617: 4613: 4608: 4568: 3865: 3834: 3014:

Ethnicity and territory in the former Soviet Union: regions in conflict.

2759: 2411: 2058: 2002: 993: 857: 6269: 6219: 6138: 6007: 5257: 5175: 4283: 4278: 3637:

Cooper, Tim; Stratulat, Alexandru (May 1998). "War in Moldova (1992)".

3540: 2717: 2670:Павел Крянгэ: «За всю войну я не получил ни одного письменного приказа! 2668: 1877: 1282: 945: 1852:. These self-proclaimed states maintained close ties with each other. 1772:, the national anthem of Romania since 1990. Later in 1990, the words 5857: 3688: 3235: 1444: 1374: 2419: 1993:, encouraged the Transnistrian people to obtain their independence. 6422: 6284: 5067: 4513: 2486: 2446: 2022: 2006: 1990: 1927: 1920: 1857: 1841: 1801: 1497: 1474: 1469: 1370: 988: 953: 803: 99: 68:

2 March – 21 July 1992(4 months, 2 weeks and 5 days)

4603: 3320: 2457: 2340: 5025: 4662:

Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester

4546: 4483: 4305: 4295: 4253: 4187:

Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester

3967: 3679:

William Crowther,"Moldova: caught between nation and empire," in

3457:"Voronin says Romania started Moldova's war against Transnistria" 2050: 1978: 1657: 1353:

Under Soviet rule, the Moldavian SSR became subject of policy of

949: 893: 885: 790: 603: 572: 560: 528: 135: 81: 2303: 5361: 4343: 3770:"Moscow's "near Abroad": Security Policy in Post-Soviet Europe" 3541:"Dubossary marked anniversary of the first Dniester engagement" 2736:[Deep freeze conflict] (in Russian). Mk.ru. August 2012 901: 695: 670: 512: 500: 164: 2716:[Category:Book of Memory] (in Russian). Archived from 1946:

PMR trucks on the bridge between Tiraspol and Bender (Tighina)

42: 4574: 2220:

missile, but this sortie was denied by Moldovan authorities.

2085: 1435: 856:) was an armed conflict that broke out on 2 November 1990 in 3895:[Geopolitical Aspect of the Transnistrian Conflict] 3653: 3137:"The radical right in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989" 2362:

According to a Human Rights Center "Memorial" report, local

1903:

When, on 29 August 1991, Transnistria's independence leader

3691:, eds., (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 322. 3239: 2212:

package took off from Chisinau, two of them armed with six

2193: 1966: 1908: 1746:

official language of the Soviet Union. It also mentioned a

1381:, largely due to higher immigration during the Soviet era. 899:

Fighting intensified on 1 March 1992 and, alternating with

4450: 4052:

Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova

1965:

Forces of the 14th Army (which had owed allegiance to the

64:(1 year, 8 months, 2 weeks and 5 days) 3839:[In the battle for the Donbass is Mr. Enactor!]. 3656:"Los Conflictos Congelados de la Antigua Unión Soviética" 2223: 1780:

were dropped and the name of the country was changed to "

3324:

Human Rights in Moldova: The Turbulent Dniester (Page 4)

2935:"Mircea Snegur: 'Ne-am achitat cu România cu un MiG 29'" 2797:"Transnistria: Monument pentru generalul criminal Lebed" 2183:

A ceasefire was in negotiation during June 1992 in the

1896:

At that time, the Republic of Moldova did not have its

888:

units, which were supported by elements of the Russian

3165:[Better to die as a wolf than live as a dog]. 2824:

Tarasiuk, Taras; Umland, Andreas (29 September 2021).

6156:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

5065: 4025:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

2758:[History of War] (in Russian). Archived from 938:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

875: 851: 4372:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

3501:

Centre for European Political Studies, October 2001.

1989:

of Russia, in a speech delivered to 5,000 people in

4220:

Bureau for Reintegration of the Republic of Moldova

1911:, the capital of Ukraine, to meet Ukrainian leader 3265:. In Paul Hare; Mohammed Ishaq; Judy Batt (eds.). 3057:Участие казаков России в Приднестровском конфликте 2390: 1833:Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic 952:, i.e. the part situated to the west of the river 6479:Conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union 3893:"Aspect Geopolitic al Conflictului Transnistrean" 3882:O viziune din focarul conflictului de la Dubăsari 3595:Alexander Rutskoi visit in Bender in 1992 (video) 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 6440: 6171:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944) 5501:List of battles involving the Russian Federation 3821:"UNIMEDIA - Portalul de știri nr. 1 din Moldova" 6290:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts 6205:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953) 5208:Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present) 3930:Armed conflict in and around the city of Bender 3890: 3636: 3321:Erika Dailey; Jeri Laber; Lois Whitman (1993). 3090:Приднестровье и Молдова. Можно ли уйти из СССР? 2949:"Borderland Europe: Transforming Transnistria?" 2458:Involvement of Russian and Ukrainian volunteers 956:(Nistru), was part of Romania (1918–1940). The 3891:Covalschi, Stanislav; Leancă, Viorica (2014). 3481:Евгений Норин. Под знаменами демократии. С. 51 3348: 3236:"Transdniestrian conflict: origins and issues" 3032: 2828:. Illiberalism Studies Program. Archived from 2823: 2462:Volunteers from Russia and Ukraine, including 1750:. The second law stipulated the return to the 985:Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 896:forces, including Moldovan troops and police. 6144:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940) 5345: 5051: 4686: 4436: 3950: 3901:Jurnalul juridic național: Teorie și practică 3884:, Editura Prut International, Chișinău, 2005 3836:В бой за Донбасс идет господин реконструктор! 3492:Borderland Europe: Transforming Transnistria? 3409:"Istoria creării Armatei Naționale (Moldova)" 2906: 2904: 2604: 1715: 1009: 5263:Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001) 3391:"Moldova's 1991 Declaration of Independence" 3193:. UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia. Archived from 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 806:(aimed to make Transnistria part of Ukraine) 6097:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930) 6092:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929) 3316: 3314: 3131: 3129: 3127: 5413:Military history of the Russian Federation 5352: 5338: 5058: 5044: 4693: 4679: 4443: 4429: 4132:2006 Transnistrian independence referendum 3957: 3943: 3796: 3794: 3781: 3779: 3736: 3734: 3295: 3293: 3163:"uk:'Краще згинути вовком, нiж жити псом'" 2901: 2819: 2817: 2690: 2688: 2652:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2526:Military history of the Russian Federation 1722: 1708: 1016: 1002: 5663:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689) 4700: 4122:Russian military presence in Transnistria 4115:Romanian-language schools in Transnistria 3663:Conflictos Internacionales Contemporáneos 3432: 3430: 3086: 2898:, 8 October 2001. Retrieved 6 August 2014 2877: 2600: 2598: 2546:Russian military presence in Transnistria 2500: 2397:Russian military presence in Transnistria 2278:Learn how and when to remove this message 2171:Learn how and when to remove this message 1023: 5236:Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995) 3868:, REGNUM News Agency, 20:04 3 March 2008 3311: 3124: 3053: 3033:Voskresenskaya, Ludmila (6 April 2014). 2850: 2289: 2241:This section includes a list of general 2134:This article includes a list of general 2068:In response, the Cossacks who came from 2036: 2032: 2025:, and died down on 19–21 June after the 1941: 931: 5624:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747) 5494:List of wars involving the Soviet Union 5278:Macedonian inter-ethnic violence (2012) 3791: 3776: 3731: 3290: 3160: 3016:Taylor & Francis, 2002, page 107. 2991: 2814: 2685: 2637: 1864:In the aftermath of the failure of the 1348: 979:, today's Transnistria was part of the 6441: 6245:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 6176:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 6035:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920) 6013:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919 5727:Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739) 5403:Military history of the Russian Empire 3533: 3511:Analysis of the Transnistrian Conflict 3427: 2595: 2385: 2357: 2224:Ceasefire and Joint Control Commission 2110: 6395:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020) 5773:Russian colonization of North America 5333: 5087:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024) 5039: 4674: 4656:; also known as Tighina; belongs to 4424: 3938: 3767: 3632: 3630: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3269:. Taylor & Francis. p. 363. 3107: 2892:"Transnistria: relic of a bygone era" 2794: 1815: 997: 983:as an autonomous republic called the 608:Pro-Moldovan Transnistrian volunteers 5408:Military history of the Soviet Union 5231:Slovenian War of Independence (1991) 5146:Russian constitutional crisis (1993) 5114:Transnistria conflict (1990–present) 3260: 3215: 3087:Konoplyov, Roman (2 February 2014). 3012:Hughes, James and Sasse, Gwendolyn: 2992:Necșuțu, Mădălin (22 January 2021). 2576:Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova 2227: 2120: 1996: 1937: 1907:and three other deputies arrived in 6149:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 5191:Russian annexation of Crimea (2014) 4864:Proposed reintegration into Moldova 4354:Operational Group of Russian Forces 4142:2012 Moldova security zone incident 3768:Bodie, William C. (18 March 1993). 3716:(Tiraspol’: , 2001), 56. Chapter 6. 13: 6504:History of Transnistria since 1991 6195:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 5561:1993 Russian constitutional crisis 5186:Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present) 4879:Unification of Moldova and Romania 4064:Unification of Moldova and Romania 3874: 3673: 3627: 3617:"Moldovan Forces Seize A Key Town" 3604: 3161:Tkachuk, Maryna (19 August 2011). 2851:Munteanu, Anatole (10 July 2009). 2247:it lacks sufficient corresponding 2140:it lacks sufficient corresponding 1748:linguistic Moldo–Romanian identity 1738:the official language, in lieu of 14: 6540: 6060:Red Army intervention in Mongolia 4137:2006 Transnistrian customs crisis 3923: 2924:, United Nations University Press 2103:In April, Russian Vice President 818:316–637 civilians killed in total 6114:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 5907:Russian conquest of Central Asia 5843:Russian conquest of the Caucasus 5639:Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618) 5581:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 4003:Union of Bessarabia with Romania 3976: 3966: 3847:from the original on 30 May 2014 3371:. Human Rights Center "Memorial" 3216:Ursu, Valentina (1 March 2020). 3205:– via Uppsala Universitet. 3108:Bejan, Ștefan (21 August 2017). 2302: 2232: 2125: 2092:, with intermittent ceasefires. 1985:On 5 April 1992, Vice President 1691: 1585:Union of Bessarabia with Romania 1412: 927:Timeline of the Transnistria War 797: 784: 772: 760: 748: 735: 715: 703: 689: 669: 648: 631: 615: 602: 590: 571: 559: 534: 527: 511: 499: 485: 473: 461: 442: 423: 404: 385: 362: 343: 331: 316: 290: 278: 266: 254: 235: 223: 211: 199: 184: 157: 144: 128: 120: 47:Transnistrian forces during the 41: 6400:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022) 6045:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan 5986:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine 5299:List of ongoing armed conflicts 5141:East Prigorodny conflict (1992) 4047:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 3859: 3827: 3813: 3761: 3749: 3719: 3694: 3647: 3573: 3564: 3555: 3516: 3504: 3484: 3475: 3463:. Tiraspol Times. 29 April 2008 3449: 3401: 3383: 3305: 3254: 3228: 3209: 3183: 3154: 3101: 3080: 3047: 3026: 3006: 2985: 2967: 2941: 2927: 2844: 2788: 2391:Involvement of the Russian Army 2095: 31:dissolution of the Soviet Union 6082:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926) 5732:War of the Austrian Succession 5268:Insurgency in Macedonia (2001) 5161:Second Chechen War (1999–2009) 5126:Georgian Civil War (1991–1993) 3669:. Ministerio de Defensa: 60–1. 2913:and Valery A. Tishkov (1996), 2857:[Campaign in Tigine]. 2766: 2748: 2724: 2706: 2661: 2631: 2568: 2531:Moldova–Transnistria relations 1957:At the same time, the Russian 1680:History of independent Moldova 1565:Romanian military intervention 1229:Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes 93:Russian–Transnistrian victory 62:2 November 1990 – 21 July 1992 1: 6305:South Ossetia war (1991–1992) 6183:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 5934:Russian invasion of Manchuria 5924:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) 5870:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) 5865:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) 5808:Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) 5798:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) 5763:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) 5758:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 5748:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 5738:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) 5716:Russo-Persian War (1722–1723) 5711:Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711) 5688:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700) 5683:Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681) 5658:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653) 5634:Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595) 5629:Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570) 5614:Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557) 5489:List of wars involving Russia 5484:Sino-Russian border conflicts 5294:List of Post-Soviet conflicts 5246:Croat–Bosniak War (1992–1994) 5213:Wagner Group rebellion (2023) 5151:First Chechen War (1994–1996) 5109:Gagauzia conflict (1989–1995) 3843:(in Russian). 29 April 2014. 3543:. newdaynews.ru. 4 March 2011 3411:. Army.gov.md. Archived from 3141:Pennsylvania University Press 3116:(in Romanian). Archived from 2561: 2556:Uppsala Conflict Data Program 2485:During the Transnistria War, 1934:swore allegiance to the PMR. 1553:Moldavian Democratic Republic 920: 6260:Eritrean War of Independence 6230:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 6225:East German uprising of 1953 6166:Eastern Front (World War II) 6055:Red Army invasion of Georgia 6050:Red Army invasion of Armenia 6018:Estonian War of Independence 5959:Russian occupation of Tabriz 5880:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 5838:War of the Seventh Coalition 5721:War of the Polish Succession 5668:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) 5181:Revolution of Dignity (2014) 5166:Tuzla Island conflict (2003) 5119:Transnistria War (1990–1992) 4110:Human rights in Transnistria 3064:(in Russian). Archived from 2861:(in Russian). Archived from 2605:De La Pedraja, René (2018). 2053:(approx 6,000 inhabitants), 1923:, until the men were freed. 1787:These events, including the 578:Ministry of Internal Affairs 7: 6300:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) 6250:Sino-Soviet border conflict 6119:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang 6087:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929) 6023:Latvian War of Independence 5912:Russian conquest of Bukhara 5803:War of the Fourth Coalition 5788:War of the Second Coalition 5201:Russian invasion of Ukraine 5136:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) 5131:South Ossetia War (1991–92) 4869:Proposed Russian annexation 3222:Radio Europa Liberă Moldova 2774:"Приднестровье без Шевцова" 2733:Конфликт глубокой заморозки 2509: 1926:In late 1991, policemen in 1866:Soviet coup attempt of 1991 1379:1989 Census in Transnistria 975:Before the creation of the 970:Declaration of Independence 876: 852: 10: 6545: 6295:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 5833:War of the Sixth Coalition 5823:War of the Fifth Coalition 5793:War of the Third Coalition 5398:Military history of Russia 5360:Armed conflicts involving 4215:Reintegration into Moldova 2394: 2114: 924: 917:) in Moldova and Romania. 6408: 6343: 6134:Soviet invasion of Poland 5944: 5828:French invasion of Russia 5696: 5594: 5513: 5439:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars 5431: 5388: 5381: 5286: 5253:Albanian Civil War (1997) 5221: 5171:Russo-Georgian War (2008) 5077: 5022: 4982: 4964:Romanian-language schools 4944: 4935: 4900: 4891: 4874:Russian military presence 4809: 4800: 4778: 4769: 4709: 4642: 4584: 4561: 4534: 4476: 4459: 4385: 4364: 4314: 4246: 4239: 4207: 4162: 4155: 4147:2022 Transnistria attacks 4102: 4072: 3994:First Partition of Poland 3986: 3712:24 September 2015 at the 3097:– via Google Books. 1831:On 2 September 1990, the 1143:North Caucasus insurgency 1035: 865: 841: 834:Războiul din Transnistria 817: 812: 550: 173: 113: 54: 40: 28: 23: 6519:Military of Transnistria 6275:South African Border War 6200:Guerrilla war in Ukraine 6102:Chechen uprising of 1932 5783:Russo-Persian War (1796) 5309:List of frozen conflicts 5024:Note: Transnistria is a 4751:Joint Control Commission 4734:Transnistria Governorate 4405:Cobasna ammunition depot 4240:Participants and figures 4196:(2005–present; see also 4127:Joint Control Commission 4042:The Holocaust in Romania 4035:Transnistria Governorate 3835: 3681:New States, New Politics 3530:, page 30-34 (Romanian)] 3263:"Who are the Moldovans?" 3089: 3056: 3035: 2853: 2732: 2714:"Категория:Книга Памяти" 2669: 2378:In the Moldovan city of 2330:Joint Control Commission 1590:Transnistria Governorate 1498:Principality of Moldavia 1485:Voivodeship of Maramureș 940:and the creation of the 597:Popular Front of Moldova 5917:Khivan campaign of 1873 5768:Russo-Polish War (1792) 5273:Unrest in Kosovo (2004) 5241:Bosnian War (1992–1995) 2541:Odesa Military District 2516:History of Transnistria 2262:more precise citations. 2155:more precise citations. 2117:Battle of Bender (1992) 1870:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 1665:Independence of Moldova 1645:Anti-fascist resistance 1465:Origin of the Romanians 958:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 97:Transnistria becomes a 6499:Wars involving Romania 6494:Wars involving Moldova 6390:Western Libya campaign 6065:East Karelian uprising 5586:Wagner Group rebellion 5521:Uprising of Bolotnikov 5258:Kosovo War (1998–1999) 5176:Maidan Uprising (2013) 5156:War in Abkhazia (1998) 4839:Moldova–Ukraine border 4756:1997 Moscow memorandum 4658:Municipality of Bender 4585:Southern security zone 4562:Northern security zone 4535:Southern security zone 4477:Northern security zone 4410:Moldova–Ukraine border 4167:1997 Moscow memorandum 3327:. Human Rights Watch. 3135:Sabrina Ramet (1999), 2795:M. A. (12 June 2012). 2501:Involvement of Romania 2295: 2042: 1947: 1876:on the territories of 1856:bridge over the river 1533:Bessarabia Governorate 1333:Wagner Group rebellion 914: 833: 174:Commanders and leaders 6489:Wars involving Russia 6484:Separatism in Moldova 6454:Transnistria conflict 6385:Intervention in Syria 6320:Tajikistani Civil War 6028:Lithuanian–Soviet War 5969:Battle of Robat Karim 5418:Post-Soviet conflicts 4997:Poles in Transnistria 4739:Transnistria conflict 4468:Transnistrian control 4453:Transnistria conflict 4177:2003 Kozak memorandum 3973:Transnistria conflict 3725:Irina F. Selivanova. 3585:17 March 2009 at the 3497:25 March 2007 at the 3043:on 10 September 2014. 2920:10 March 2009 at the 2587:until 27 August 1991. 2551:Transnistria conflict 2294:Bender's war memorial 2293: 2185:Bender (Tighina) area 2040: 2033:Cocieri-Dubăsari area 1945: 1769:Deșteaptă-te, române! 1520:United Principalities 1288:Revolution of Dignity 1225:Dungan–Kazakh clashes 1027:Post-Soviet conflicts 932:Historical background 925:Further information: 853:Voyna v Pridnestrovye 842:Война в Приднестровье 813:Casualties and losses 623:and military advisors 35:Transnistria conflict 6529:1991 in Transnistria 6524:1990 in Transnistria 6509:1992 in Transnistria 6368:Annexation of Crimea 6072:Central Asian Revolt 5981:Ukrainian–Soviet War 5853:Russo-Circassian War 5536:Pugachev's Rebellion 5479:Russo-Ukrainian Wars 5423:Russian Armed Forces 5393:Early modern warfare 4227:Annexation by Russia 4182:2005 Yushchenko Plan 4172:1999 Istanbul summit 3841:Комсомольская Правда 3744:"Вождь в чужой стае" 2702:on 12 November 2017. 2581:Constituent republic 2439:Yevgeny Shaposhnikov 1840:the USSR, alongside 1361:was changing due to 1349:Political background 1308:annexation of Crimea 676:Russian Armed Forces 655:Ministry of Interior 242:Tudor Dabija-Cazarov 6428:Sphere of influence 6358:Russo-Ukrainian War 6215:First Indochina War 6188:Soviet–Japanese War 6124:Xinjiang War (1937) 5993:Kazakhstan Campaign 5778:Kościuszko Uprising 5678:Second Northern War 5556:Coup attempt (1991) 5449:Soviet-Finnish wars 5071:conflicts in Europe 4918:Moldova Steel Works 4814:2006 customs crisis 4650:Anenii Noi district 4208:Potential solutions 4198:Berlin Plus package 4156:Resolution attempts 4094:Ceasefire agreement 3415:on 4 September 2011 3261:Hare, Paul (1999). 2890:Richard Humphries. 2579:until 23 May 1991. 2536:Moldovan neutrality 2386:Foreign involvement 2358:Human rights abuses 2189:a full-scale battle 2111:Bender/Tighina area 1782:Republic of Moldova 1670:War of Transnistria 1658:Republic of Moldova 1640:Soviet deportations 1540:Treaty of Bucharest 1431:Chernyakhov culture 1194:Kyrgyz revolutions 621:Romanian volunteers 468:Vladimir Antyufeyev 6418:Russian Revolution 6353:Russo-Georgian War 6335:Second Chechen War 6315:Georgian Civil War 5954:Russo-Japanese War 5706:Great Northern War 5604:Russo-Crimean Wars 5576:Second Chechen War 5474:Russo-Turkish wars 5469:Russo-Swedish wars 5459:Russo-Persian Wars 5444:Russo-Crimean Wars 5304:List of proxy wars 4337:Vadim Krasnoselsky 3746:by Mikhail Bergman 3621:The New York Times 3120:on 23 August 2017. 2937:. 14 October 2011. 2613:. pp. 93–94. 2296: 2218:S-125 Neva/Pechora 2198:T-12 antitank guns 2043: 1948: 1816:Political conflict 1698:Moldova portal 1293:pro-Russian unrest 915:Războiul moldo-rus 411:Vladimir Atamaniuk 6469:Conflicts in 1992 6464:Conflicts in 1991 6459:Conflicts in 1990 6436: 6435: 6325:First Chechen War 6280:Soviet–Afghan War 6265:Angolan Civil War 6040:Polish–Soviet War 5998:Finnish Civil War 5976:Russian Civil War 5875:November Uprising 5813:Anglo-Russian War 5753:Bar Confederation 5566:First Chechen War 5546:Russian Civil War 5541:Decembrist revolt 5531:Bulavin Rebellion 5526:Razin's Rebellion 5509: 5508: 5464:Russo-Polish Wars 5432:Lists by opponent 5327: 5326: 5033: 5032: 5018: 5017: 4931: 4930: 4887: 4886: 4849:Political parties 4819:Foreign relations 4796: 4795: 4668: 4667: 4646:Dubăsari district 4637: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4621: 4600: 4577: 4555: 4554: 4517: 4500: 4488: 4451:Geography of the 4418: 4417: 4393:Gagauzia conflict 4381: 4380: 4235: 4234: 4057:Moldovan language 3300:Hare, Ishaq, Batt 3054:Gladkovskaya, V. 2865:on 27 August 2016 2854:Кампания в Тигине 2832:on 18 August 2023 2720:on 25 March 2016. 2492:struggle of Slavs 2288: 2287: 2280: 2181: 2180: 2173: 2105:Alexander Rutskoy 1997:Military conflict 1938:Military strength 1882:Northern Bukovina 1763:Romanian language 1759:Moldovan language 1755:Romanian alphabet 1732: 1731: 1635:Soviet occupation 1458:Early Middle Ages 1363:Mikhail Gorbachev 1345: 1344: 907:Moldo-Russian war 874: 850: 822: 821: 755:Union of Cossacks 742:Orenburg Cossacks 541:Dmytro Korchynsky 350:Vladimir Rilyakov 273:Nicolae Chirtoacă 261:Constantin Antoci 206:Valeriu Muravschi 109: 108: 6536: 6474:Ethnic conflicts 6449:Transnistria War 6310:Transnistria War 6255:War of Attrition 6161:Continuation War 6110: 5902:January Uprising 5743:Seven Years' War 5643:Time of Troubles 5609:Russo-Kazan Wars 5454:Russo-Kazan Wars 5386: 5385: 5354: 5347: 5340: 5331: 5330: 5060: 5053: 5046: 5037: 5036: 4942: 4941: 4913: 4898: 4897: 4807: 4806: 4776: 4775: 4761:Kozak memorandum 4744:Transnistria War 4695: 4688: 4681: 4672: 4671: 4654:Căușeni district 4611: 4594: 4573: 4559: 4558: 4511: 4494: 4486: 4474: 4473: 4465:Moldovan control 4462: 4461: 4445: 4438: 4431: 4422: 4421: 4349:14th Guards Army 4332:Yevgeny Shevchuk 4315:Pro-Transnistria 4269:Vladimir Voronin 4244: 4243: 4160: 4159: 4087:Battle of Bender 4074:Transnistria War 3981: 3980: 3971: 3970: 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Archived from 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3365: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3318: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3158: 3152: 3133: 3122: 3121: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3062:olvia.idknet.com 3051: 3045: 3044: 3030: 3024: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2955:on 25 March 2007 2951:. Archived from 2945: 2939: 2938: 2931: 2925: 2911:Kumar Rupesinghe 2908: 2899: 2888: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2821: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2762:on 4 March 2016. 2752: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2692: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2649: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2602: 2588: 2572: 2521:Kozak memorandum 2431:14th Guards Army 2306: 2283: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2263: 2258:this section by 2249:inline citations 2236: 2235: 2228: 2176: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2156: 2151:this article by 2142:inline citations 2129: 2128: 2121: 2057:and the city of 2027:Battle of Bender 1959:14th Guards Army 1850:Nagorno-Karabakh 1724: 1717: 1710: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1510:Early Modern Era 1416: 1406: 1388: 1387: 1220:Gorno-Badakhshan 1215:South Kyrgyzstan 1188:Batken spillover 1045:Nagorno-Karabakh 1030: 1028: 1018: 1011: 1004: 995: 994: 879: 869: 867: 855: 845: 843: 826:Transnistria War 802: 801: 800: 789: 788: 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3461:miris.eurac.edu 3455: 3454: 3450: 3435: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3367: 3366: 3349: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3319: 3312: 3306: 3298: 3291: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3259: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3234: 3233: 3229: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3197:on 4 April 2016 3189: 3188: 3184: 3174: 3172: 3159: 3155: 3134: 3125: 3106: 3102: 3091: 3085: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3068:on 26 July 2014 3058: 3052: 3048: 3037: 3031: 3027: 3011: 3007: 2990: 2986: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2958: 2956: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2922:Wayback Machine 2909: 2902: 2896:The Japan Times 2889: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2855: 2849: 2845: 2835: 2833: 2822: 2815: 2805: 2803: 2793: 2789: 2779: 2777: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2756:"История Войны" 2754: 2753: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2694: 2693: 2686: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2647: 2639:de Waal, Thomas 2636: 2632: 2621: 2603: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2512: 2503: 2460: 2451:Alexander Lebed 2399: 2393: 2388: 2360: 2324:) and Moldova ( 2318: 2317: 2316: 2314: 2309: 2308: 2307: 2284: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2254:Please help to 2253: 2237: 2233: 2226: 2177: 2166: 2160: 2157: 2147:Please help to 2146: 2130: 2126: 2119: 2113: 2098: 2035: 1999: 1940: 1913:Leonid Kravchuk 1818: 1810:Gagauz Republic 1728: 1692: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1675:Gagauz Republic 1660: 1650: 1649: 1630: 1620: 1619: 1610: 1600: 1599: 1580: 1578:Greater Romania 1570: 1569: 1555: 1545: 1544: 1535: 1525: 1524: 1500: 1490: 1489: 1460: 1450: 1449: 1426: 1404: 1397: 1365:'s policies of 1351: 1346: 1341: 1300:Russo-Ukrainian 1254: 1169: 1138:guerrilla phase 1123:Chechen–Russian 1031: 1026: 1024: 1022: 934: 929: 923: 798: 796: 785: 783: 782: 773: 771: 761: 759: 749: 747: 736: 734: 733: 724: 716: 714: 704: 702: 690: 688: 668: 649: 647: 630: 622: 616: 614: 613: 601: 591: 589: 570: 558: 546: 535: 533: 526: 525: 522: 510: 506:Alexander Lebed 498: 486: 484: 474: 472: 462: 460: 451: 443: 441: 432: 424: 422: 413: 405: 403: 394: 392:Nikolay Lepkhov 386: 384: 371: 363: 361: 352: 344: 342: 338:Andrey Manoylov 332: 330: 317: 315: 314: 308: 299: 297:Boris Muravschi 291: 289: 279: 277: 267: 265: 255: 253: 244: 236: 234: 224: 222: 212: 210: 200: 198: 185: 183: 182: 169: 158: 156: 145: 143: 129: 127: 121: 119: 84: 63: 46: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6542: 6532: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6413:Russian Winter 6409: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6355: 6349: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6240:Vlora incident 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6191: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6152: 6151: 6141: 6136: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6010: 6005: 6003:Sochi conflict 6000: 5995: 5990: 5989: 5988: 5973: 5972: 5971: 5961: 5956: 5950: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5926: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5893: 5892: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5855: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5729: 5724: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5702: 5700: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5600: 5598: 5592: 5591: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5517: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5503: 5498: 5497: 5496: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5389: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5357: 5356: 5349: 5342: 5334: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5287:Related topics 5284: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5249: 5248: 5238: 5233: 5227: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5111: 5106: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5083: 5081: 5079:Eastern Europe 5075: 5074: 5063: 5062: 5055: 5048: 5040: 5031: 5030: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5012: 5002:Census in 1989 4999: 4994: 4988: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4859:Prime Minister 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4736: 4731: 4729:Moldavian ASSR 4726: 4721: 4715: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: articles 4698: 4697: 4690: 4683: 4675: 4666: 4665: 4660:; belongs to 4652:; belongs to 4648:; belongs to 4643: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4606: 4601: 4597:Proteagailovca 4588: 4586: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4571: 4565: 4563: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4506: 4501: 4489: 4480: 4478: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4460: 4457: 4456: 4448: 4447: 4440: 4433: 4425: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4358: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4341: 4340: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4291:European Union 4288: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4250: 4248: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4223: 4222: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4201: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4163: 4157: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4118: 4117: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4096: 4091: 4090: 4089: 4078: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4066: 4061: 4060: 4059: 4049: 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6181: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6131: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6108: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5977: 5974: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5943: 5935: 5932: 5931: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5850: 5849: 5848:Caucasian War 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5695: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5593: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5502: 5499: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5380: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5355: 5350: 5348: 5343: 5341: 5336: 5335: 5332: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5314:War on terror 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5196:War in Donbas 5194: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5097:2016 conflict 5095: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5069: 5061: 5056: 5054: 5049: 5047: 5042: 5041: 5038: 5027: 5021: 5011: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4981: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4741: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4703: 4696: 4691: 4689: 4684: 4682: 4677: 4676: 4673: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4626: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4576: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4504:Molovata Nouă 4502: 4498: 4493: 4490: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4454: 4446: 4441: 4439: 4434: 4432: 4427: 4426: 4423: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4399: 4396: 4395: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4363: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4345: 4342: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4313: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4301:United States 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4259:Mircea Snegur 4257: 4256: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4095: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4058: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4030:Moldavian SSR 4028: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3960: 3955: 3953: 3948: 3946: 3941: 3940: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3894: 3889: 3886:(in Romanian) 3883: 3879: 3878: 3867: 3862: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3830: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3809:0-262-51093-6 3806: 3802: 3797: 3795: 3786:(in Romanian) 3782: 3780: 3771: 3764: 3757:(in Romanian) 3752: 3745: 3737: 3735: 3728: 3722: 3715: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3697: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3657: 3650: 3642: 3641: 3633: 3631: 3622: 3618: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3601: 3597: 3588: 3584: 3581: 3576: 3567: 3558: 3542: 3536: 3529: 3528:9975-69-741-0 3525: 3519: 3512: 3507: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3487: 3478: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3445:0-8476-8855-0 3442: 3438: 3433: 3431: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3370: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3336: 3334:9781564320896 3330: 3326: 3325: 3317: 3315: 3308: 3302:, p. 369-370. 3301: 3296: 3294: 3278: 3276:90-5702-328-8 3272: 3268: 3264: 3257: 3241: 3237: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3212: 3196: 3192: 3186: 3170: 3169: 3164: 3157: 3151:, pp. 290 ff. 3150: 3149:0-271-01810-0 3146: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3083: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3029: 3023: 3022:0-7146-8210-1 3019: 3015: 3009: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2988: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2954: 2950: 2944: 2936: 2930: 2923: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2907: 2905: 2897: 2893: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2847: 2831: 2827: 2820: 2818: 2802: 2798: 2791: 2775: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2735: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2709: 2701: 2697: 2691: 2689: 2672: 2664: 2657: 2653: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2634: 2627: 2622: 2620:9781476634494 2616: 2612: 2608: 2601: 2599: 2594: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2577: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2455: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2401:Although the 2398: 2383: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2344: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2326:Mircea Snegur 2323: 2322:Boris Yeltsin 2313: 2305: 2292: 2282: 2279: 2271: 2261: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2244: 2239: 2230: 2229: 2221: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2205: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2175: 2172: 2164: 2154: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2137: 2132: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2108: 2106: 2101: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2074:Mircea Snegur 2071: 2070:Rostov-on-Don 2066: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2047:Molovata Nouă 2039: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1980: 1975: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1960: 1955: 1952: 1944: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1886:Hertsa region 1883: 1879: 1875: 1874:Moldavian SSR 1871: 1867: 1862: 1859: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1846:South Ossetia 1843: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1822:Moldavian SSR 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1689: 1688: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1654: 1653: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1628:Moldavian SSR 1624: 1623: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1604: 1603: 1596: 1595:The Holocaust 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1574: 1573: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1549: 1548: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1529: 1528: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1494: 1493: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1454: 1453: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1410: 1407: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1355:Russification 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1323:2022 invasion 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1256: 1255: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1149: 1148:IS insurgency 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1118:North Ossetia 1116: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1089:South Ossetia 1087: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1065:Border crisis 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1029: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1000: 999: 996: 992: 990: 986: 982: 981:Ukrainian SSR 978: 977:Moldavian SSR 973: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 944:in 1940, the 943: 942:Moldavian SSR 939: 928: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 903: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 878: 872: 863: 859: 854: 848: 839: 835: 831: 827: 816: 811: 805: 795: 794: 792: 780: 768: 758: 756: 746: 743: 732: 728: 723: 713: 711: 701: 700: 699: 697: 683: 680: 679: 678: 677: 672: 664: 663: 659: 658: 657: 656: 642: 641: 640: 639: 634: 628: 612: 605: 600: 599: 598: 588: 584: 581: 580: 579: 574: 569: 567: 562: 557: 556: 555: 554: 549: 542: 530: 524: 523: 519: 514: 509: 507: 502: 497: 495: 494: 493:Boris Yeltsin 483: 481: 471: 469: 459: 455: 450: 440: 436: 431: 421: 417: 412: 402: 398: 393: 383: 379: 375: 370: 369:Ștefan Chițac 360: 356: 351: 341: 339: 329: 326: 325: 313: 312: 310: 303: 298: 288: 286: 276: 274: 264: 262: 252: 248: 243: 233: 231: 230:Pavel Creangă 221: 219: 209: 207: 197: 194: 193: 192:Mircea Snegur 181: 180: 178: 177: 172: 166: 155: 153: 142: 141: 139: 137: 118: 117: 112: 102: 101: 96: 95: 94: 91: 88: 87: 83: 79: 75: 72: 71: 67: 61: 58: 57: 53: 50: 44: 39: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 6309: 6129:World War II 5653:Smolensk War 5619:Livonian War 5319:War on drugs 5118: 5008: / 5004: / 4984:Demographics 4905:Central bank 4824:Human rights 4743: 4724:World War II 4702:Transnistria 4487:(Vasilievca) 4327:Igor Smirnov 4322:Transnistria 4073: 4020:World War II 3912:. Retrieved 3900: 3881: 3880:Vlad Grecu, 3861: 3849:. Retrieved 3840: 3829: 3815: 3763: 3751: 3741:(in Russian) 3721: 3705: 3701:(in Russian) 3696: 3680: 3675: 3666: 3662: 3649: 3638: 3620: 3590:(in Russian) 3575: 3566: 3557: 3545:. Retrieved 3535: 3518: 3506: 3486: 3477: 3465:. Retrieved 3460: 3451: 3417:. Retrieved 3413:the original 3403: 3395:the original 3385: 3373:. Retrieved 3338:. Retrieved 3323: 3307: 3299: 3280:. Retrieved 3266: 3256: 3244:. Retrieved 3230: 3221: 3211: 3199:. Retrieved 3195:the original 3185: 3173:. Retrieved 3166: 3156: 3118:the original 3113: 3103: 3082: 3070:. Retrieved 3066:the original 3061: 3049: 3041:the original 3028: 3013: 3008: 2997: 2987: 2978: 2969: 2957:. Retrieved 2953:the original 2943: 2929: 2895: 2867:. Retrieved 2863:the original 2858: 2846: 2834:. Retrieved 2830:the original 2804:. Retrieved 2800: 2790: 2778:. Retrieved 2768: 2760:the original 2750: 2738:. Retrieved 2726: 2718:the original 2708: 2700:the original 2675:. Retrieved 2663: 2655: 2643: 2633: 2624: 2606: 2585:Soviet Union 2574: 2570: 2504: 2496: 2484: 2461: 2428: 2416:Gura Bâcului 2403:Russian Army 2400: 2377: 2369: 2361: 2353: 2347:part of the 2345: 2338: 2334: 2319: 2274: 2265: 2246: 2206: 2202: 2182: 2167: 2161:October 2016 2158: 2139: 2102: 2099: 2096:Coșnița area 2082: 2067: 2063: 2044: 2015: 2000: 1984: 1976: 1964: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1925: 1905:Igor Smirnov 1902: 1895: 1863: 1854: 1830: 1826:Gordian knot 1819: 1797:Transnistria 1786: 1777: 1773: 1767: 1758: 1747: 1743: 1733: 1560:Sfatul Țării 1480:Golden Horde 1440:Free Dacians 1383: 1359:Soviet Union 1352: 1318:Kerch Strait 1267: 1263:Transnistria 1262: 1172:Central Asia 1070:2022 clashes 974: 966:Nazi Germany 962:Soviet Union 960:between the 935: 906: 900: 898: 882:Transnistria 825: 823: 710:Don Cossacks 687: 667: 660: 646: 638:Armed Forces 629: 566:Armed Forces 491: 480:Tom Zenovich 430:Fedor Dobrov 324:Igor Smirnov 322: 190: 152:Transnistria 114:Belligerents 98: 92: 78:Transnistria 65: 29:Part of the 18: 6235:Vietnam War 6105: [ 5964:World War I 5885:Crimean War 5818:Finnish War 5734:(1740–1748) 5723:(1733–1738) 5648:Ingrian War 5364:(including 4719:Before 1792 4644:belongs to 4247:Pro-Moldova 4013:Moldovenism 3685:Ian Bremmer 3547:5 September 3419:5 September 3340:5 September 3175:25 December 2979:www.hrw.org 2859:artofwar.ru 2776:. Zavtra.ru 2480:Igor Girkin 2260:introducing 2187:. 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