Trans Mountain pipeline

782: 901:, along the proposed route of the expansion. One of the residents of the Thompson River camp was Secwépemc matriarch Miranda Dick, who told reporters there were an average of 20 people at the camp as of October 5th. At the time it was set up, Kúkpi7 Casimir said she had no issue with the protest camp, so long as health and safety guidelines were followed. On October 9, in response to TMX workers being seen surveying in preparation to drill under the river, the camp was moved directly in the way of the expansion. On October 10, the Secwépemc delivered a cease and desist notice to TMX for the second time. On October 11 it was moved again due to a chemical leak in the river. By October 15, the RCMP had begun arresting people connected to the camp, including Hereditary Chief Segwses, Loralie Dick, April Thomas, Billie Pierre and Romilly Cavanaugh. In February 2020, Segwses and his daughter gave themselves up for arrest for participating in the 419:

224–234 m (1,410–1,470 bbl) of crude oil. Some of it flowed into Burrard Inlet via the Burnaby storm sewer system. Most of it was recovered. Eleven houses were sprayed with oil, and about 225–250 residents were evacuated or left voluntarily. Cleanup took more than a year. In 2009, in Burnaby 305 m (1,920 bbl) of crude oil were released from a tank at the Trans Mountain Burnaby Terminal. Most of it flowed into a containment area. In Sumas in 2012 90 m (570 bbl) of light crude oil leaked from a Sumas Mountain holding tank. All of it flowed into a containment area. In 2020, in Sumas, 190.0 m (1,195 bbl) of light crude leaked from small pipe connected to mainline. Trans Mountain reported on June 14 that the spill was contained on the property and that groundwater was monitored for contamination.

456: 38: 790: 3673: 706:, and operate it in the meantime. The eventual owner will be indemnified by the government for any delays or hindrances to the project that result from legal actions by provincial or municipal governments. The government will also have the option to cover costs or purchase the pipeline back if the new owner is unable to complete the project due to legal pressure, or, despite reasonable efforts, cannot complete the project by an established deadline. 3684: 694:

May 31. On April 16, 2018, the Alberta government introduced the Preserving Canada's Economic Prosperity Act, which would give the Minister of Energy power to regulate the export of crude oil, natural gas, or refined fuel from Alberta. The bill could be used to effectively ban the export of Alberta gas to British Columbia. As such, B.C. Attorney General

564:, said this new funding for the pipeline was not part of the federal government's commitment. The status of the company changed to a non-agent Crown corporation on April 29, 2022, which meant that it was able to access financing from third-party lenders. In March 2023, it was announced that the cost has again increased to $ 30.9 billion. 964:

TMX was in the "national interest" as it would add "tens of billions of dollars" to government revenue as well as sustaining thousands of jobs. Both the NEB and the federal government acknowledged that there was a possibility that TMX could "damage the environment and marine life", but the benefits outweighed the risks.

4236: 448:, also known as dilbit. The additional pipeline requires 12 new pumping stations. The proposed expansion, with 980 kilometres (610 mi) of pipe, would increase the system's capacity from 300,000 to 890,000 barrels per day (48,000 to 141,000 m/d). In 2013, the cost of completing the connection between 963:

confirmed the approval of federally-owned TMX project. The twinned pipeline will have the capacity to carry almost 1 million barrels per day (160,000 m/d) from Alberta to the coast of British Columbia. The National Energy Board, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and his cabinet agreed that the

514:

In 2016, the B.C. government said it did not support Trans Mountain, partly because Kinder Morgan had not provided enough information about its proposed spill prevention and spill clean-up program. On November 29, 2016, the federal cabinet approved the expansion project, announcing that the approval

908:

On October 17, 2020, Dick cut her hair in ceremony before the gates of the expansion project. Soon after the ceremony, she and four other women were arrested by RCMP officers. In a statement released the following day, TteS Kúkpi7 Rosanne Casimir thanked the RCMP for maintaining peace and order and

851:

community members, primarily women, have been defending their traditional land (known as Secwepemcul’ecw) against the proposed expansion of the pipeline, asserting that the expansion was approved without sufficient consultation. The expansion would cross 518 km of Secwépemc territory. The land

574:

On January 3, 2024, Trans Mountain Corp said in a 33-page filing that it planned to begin line fill in March or May, depending on the diameter of pipe to be used and assuming no new problems. The line fill represents the final step before the pipeline goes into service. According to the filing, the

701:

On May 29, 2018, the Canadian federal government announced its intent to acquire the Trans Mountain Pipeline from Kinder Morgan for $ 4.5 billion. The government does not intend to remain the permanent owner of the pipeline, as it plans to seek outside investors to finance the twinning project. If

693:

On April 8, 2018, Kinder Morgan suspended "non-essential" activities relating to the pipeline, as the company did not want to "put [its] shareholders at risk on the remaining project spend". The company stated that it would attempt to reach agreements on a funding plan with stakeholders by

526:

In 2018, the federal government created a Crown corporation, the Trans Mountain Corporation (TMC), when it bought the pipeline from the Houston-based Kinder Morgan for C$ 4.5 billion. The purchase had been announced by the federal government in May 2018. At that time, the government said it would

909:

stated that she and the elected council did not endorse the protesters. TteS is one of several First Nations bands that have signed agreements with Trans Mountain. Casimir's statement asserted that the council " not sold or ceded or given anything away" but that " upheld jurisdictional rights."

418:

In Abbotsford in 2005, a ruptured pipeline dumped 210 m (1,300 bbl) of crude oil. The company attributed the accident to activity on a neighbouring property. In 2007, in Burnaby, a contractor working on a sewage project for the City of Burnaby ruptured a pipeline, causing spillage of

929:

The Trudeau government restricted the Phase III hearings in terms of time and scope. The government gave the NEB a "tight timeline" with a final report due on February 22, 2019. The hearings were also restricted by the NEB panel to investigate "new information" as it related to the impact of

342:

In 1983, Trans Mountain began experiments to shift from single- to multiple-product pipelines to increase efficiency and to become more competitive. By 1985, TMPL regularly carried refined-products 820 kilometres (510 mi) from Edmonton to Kamloops, British Columbia. This had extended to

349:

By 1998, TMPL made regular shipments to Vancouver of refined petroleum products "including jet fuel, gasoline (unleaded and premium unleaded), diesel (regular sulfur, low sulfur, and low temperature), methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), and crude-oil (light sweet, light sour, and heavy)".

717:

stated that the sale would not affect the provincial government's ongoing efforts to block the pipeline expansion, stating that "rather than go to the court to determine jurisdictions, they're making financial decisions that affect taxpayers and they'll have to be accountable for that".

377:

Shell, Petro-Canada and Imperial closed refineries in British Columbia in the 1990s and expanded their refineries in the Edmonton area following the TMPL construction. TMPL had the capacity to carry refined products, as well as crude oil via the batch system. According to a 2016

567:

As of April 2022, construction had reached the half-way mark. The company said in their November 2022 third-quarter report that expansion would be mechanically complete by the third quarter of 2023 and the commercial service would be operational in the fourth quarter of 2023.

657:

accused the federal government of interfering with an independent review of the project, arguing that "it's both a highly unusual and a highly troubling intrusion on a province's right to enforce its own permits, its own regulations and the interests of its own citizens".

1883: 587:

groups. To reach the terminus, tankers have to pass through a very narrow channel of shallow water from the open sea, still putting leaks at risk due to vehicle crashes. Environmentalists have expressed concern about the heightened risk of an oil spill in the

946:

feeding ground. By November 2018, there were only 74 SRKW left. Noise and pollution from marine vessels along with the diminishing stocks of salmon – their prime source of food – contributed to the whales' declining numbers.

733:

overturned the government's approval of the expansion project, citing that it did not sufficiently fulfill its constitutional duties to consult local First Nations groups, and because it lacked an environmental assessment of increased tanker traffic on

925:

appointed by the government to oversee consultations. An NEB panel heard three weeks of Indigenous traditional testimony with 117 Indigenous groups impacted by the pipeline, beginning on November 19, with sessions in Calgary, Victoria and Nanaimo.

218:. The project was 98% complete, as of 23 January 2024. The expansion, which runs roughly parallel to the existing pipeline, will increase capacity from 300,000 to 890,000 barrels per day (48,000–141,000 m/d), at a cost of C$ 34 billion. 978:, the NEB's regulatory oversight processes for the next phases of the Trans Mountain Expansion Project "lifecycle", which include "detailed route approvals", such as potential "routing and non-routing", would include a public comment period. 541:

By February 2020, the assessment for the completion of the project was estimated at $ 12.6 billion, an increase of the previous estimate of $ 7.4 billion. The cost increase was the result of rising costs of "labour, steel, and land".

1036:

rejected appeals by the Squamish Nation, Tsleil-Waututh Nation, and Coldwater Indian Band and others challenging federal approval of the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion project, "bringing an end to the years-long legal challenge".

2354: 950:

Hearings in the form of pipeline roundtable meetings with Trans Mountain representative and indigenous groups took place in Calgary in November, and in Kamloops and Nanaimo in December, with the summary expected in January.

673:

criticized the proposal as being a stalling tactic on Trans Mountain expansion, explaining that "the B.C. government has every right to consult on whatever it pleases with its citizens. It does not have the right to rewrite

1879: 522:

announced British Columbia's support for the expansion of the Trans Mountain pipeline, saying the project met her government's five conditions for approval and included a revenue-sharing agreement worth up to $ 1 billion.

774:

interview, with the pipeline expansion work underway again, Grand Chief Stewart Phillip, president of the Union of BC Indian Chiefs, said that he expected that there would be more "Burnaby Mountain-style" protests.

431:

pursuant to Part III of the National Energy Board Act to build a second pipeline under the Trans Mountain Pipeline Expansion Project. The second pipeline was to run roughly parallel to the existing pipeline, between

758:

The expansion project faced opposition from civic governments, First Nations, environmentally concerned citizens, and others. In September 2012, Tsleil-Waututh leaders had hoped to shut down the project altogether.

2240: 986:

By December 2019, the legal basis of the expansion was challenged in Canada's Federal Court of Appeal as politicians, environmentalists and some Indigenous groups returned to the courts and pressed the issue of

834:

Conservation Area was dismantled by RCMP following a court injunction. The protest camp had been occupied by protesters since December 2020, and a leader of the protest claimed further actions would be planned.

414:

since 1961. Although a majority occurred at contained zones such as pumping stations, and a majority were below the mandatory reporting threshold of 1.5 cubic metres, there were some significant spill events.

1023:, have unsettled issues. These issues include disputes over the compensation from the institution of the first pipeline right-of-way in the 1950s, as well as future water supply risks that they would assume. 3720: 852:

defenders (as they call themselves; some media refers to them as protesters and activists) are concerned about the damage to the land and water the pipeline passes through, in particular the disruption of

974:, the NEB wrote that within the context of "substantial" and "significant" interest and participation on the part of Indigenous peoples and the general public, including the August 30, 2018, decision in 4250: 742:

off the BC coast. On August 31, Trudeau said the federal government remained committed to the pipeline expansion project in spite of this setback. In response to the approval being overturned, Premier

2885: 599:

Those who support the pipeline say that it will create jobs and that it has a lower risk of spilling oil than transporting oil by rail, which pipeline proponents say would otherwise have to be used.

871:, where there are plans to drill under the river. That camp, established by a group known as the Tiny House Warriors, is near a planned work camp. The establishment of the camp led Kúkpi7 (Chief) 3182: 1510: 310:

mounted. The governments considered the TMPL to be a strategic way of reducing reliance on oil tankers, made vulnerable under threats of potential attack on the west coast of North America.

2346: 1214: 781: 515:

was "subject to 157 binding conditions that will address potential Indigenous, socio-economic and environmental impacts, including project engineering, safety and emergency preparedness."

3503: 2270: 3380: 4377: 3856: 3713: 805:

addressed the crowd at a Stop Kinder Morgan protest rally in Burnaby Mountain Park. By 2018, rallies opposing the projects had been organized across Canada. Organizations including

762:

In November 2014, opponents of the pipeline expansion camped in Burnaby Mountain Park to block pipeline construction crews, and over 100 were arrested. Members of the Squamish and

2323: 1284: 560:

By February 2022, TMC said that costs had increased by 70%, from $ 12.6 billion to $ 21.4 billion. Faced with the federal government's costly COVID-19 response, Finance Minister

967:

Trudeau said that the revenue from TMC, which was estimated at $ 500 million annually just in federal corporate taxes, would be invested in "unspecified clean energy projects".

1857: 726:, stated that the union was "absolutely shocked and appalled that Canada is willingly investing taxpayers' money in such a highly controversial fossil fuel expansion project". 1546: 549:, TMC's CEO Ian Anderson said that the expansion was on schedule despite the $ 5.2-billion increase in its cost. Anderson cited other challenges to construction including the 358: 208: 2451: 221:

The Trans Mountain Expansion Project was controversial due to its potential environmental impact. It faced legal challenges, as well as challenges from environmentalists and

2293: 3706: 2232: 2163: 698:

threatened to sue Alberta over the proposed bill, as he considered it unconstitutional, and stated that it could have a further impact on gasoline prices in the province.

284:. One element seen as a benefit to the project were defence implications, with availability of oil infrastructure being beneficial to both the Canadian and US militaries. 346:

A 1993 report said that the TMPL was the "only major system in the world" at that time, transporting both crude oil and refined petroleum products" in a single pipeline.

4220: 3929: 2900: 931: 2767: 1098:

Use of a crude-oil pipeline to transport refined petroleum products can be successful and cost-effective, as the experience of one western Canadian pipeline makes clear

2376: 1239: 571:

According to a January 2023 statement from the company, more than 700 kilometres (430 mi) of pipe was already in place representing 75% of the entire project.

3064: 2958: 229:. A Supreme Court decision on July 2, 2020, that rejected the appeals made by First Nations and environmental groups, " an end to the years-long legal challenge". 3208: 1026:

In February 2020, a Federal Court of Appeal denied the request by environment and Indigenous groups to "consider whether there had been sufficient consultation".

3119: 917:

In response to the Federal Court's overturning the federal authorization of Trans Mountain, the Canadian government "reinitiated Phase III consultations" with

4440: 2526: 2426: 2877: 287:

On March 21, 1951, the Trans Mountain Pipeline Company Trans Mountain was created when the Canadian Parliament granted the company a charter under a special

1634: 200:

The corporation was created in 1951, construction began in 1952, and operations commenced in 1953. It is the only pipeline to run between these two areas.

1737: 3924: 2851: 2177: 729:

On August 30, 2018, Kinder Morgan Canada's shareholders voted to approve the sale of the pipeline to the federal government. However, the same day, the

295:

and was approved. Construction began in February 1952 and the final section was welded in place near Aldergrove, British Columbia, on October 17, 1952.

4382: 2679: 2203: 3147: 382:

article, this resulted in the conversion of existing refineries along the TMPL route into storage and distribution facilities and terminals. In 1983,

4499: 3488: 3483: 2401: 3174: 2551: 2501: 1462:

Mortimer, D. (1993). Receipt Piping Hydraulic Study private report prepared for Petro-Canada, Burrard Products Terminal, Port Moody, B.C. (Report).

3010: 890:

In early September 2020, protester Loralie Dick chained herself to the TMX worksite in Kamloops before being arrested by the RCMP for violating a

864:

only have jurisdiction through Canadian law on their reserves, whereas traditional Secwépemc leadership retains sovereignty over Secwepemcul’ecw.

4203: 3919: 880: 857: 306:, Gordon Jaremko, both the Board approval and the construction of the 1,150-kilometre (710 mi) pipeline were sped up as concerns about the 2262: 2066: 1905: 3298:"Trans Mountain Expansion Project Order in Council P.C. 2019-0820 Project update: Letter from NEB to Trans Mountain and Tsleil-Waututh Nation" 4208: 4055: 3795: 1088:

Baum, Judy S.; Marzocco, Ken E.; Hansen, Larry I. (October 5, 1998). "Batching, treating keys to moving refined products in crude-oil line".

369:. This increased capacity by 40,000 barrels per day (6,400 m/d), (from 260,000 to 300,000 barrels per day (41,000 to 48,000 m/d)). 669:

could be mitigated. The province also announced an intent to consult with local communities and First Nations among others. Alberta premier

324:

In August 1953, crude oil from Edmonton, Alberta, began flowing to refineries in the Vancouver area and the northwestern U.S. through TMPL.

3800: 3387: 3093: 313:

Canadian Bechtel Ltd. was responsible for engineering, design, and construction of the project. Ownership of the company was split between

2729: 2628: 1976: 1715: 592:

resulting from the expansion, which entails the obstruction of 30% of the inlet and a seven-fold increase in tanker traffic, according to

4072: 2577: 2131: 2117: 2035: 1671: 902: 1202: 4557: 4547: 2319: 37: 1689: 334:

Prior to 1983, the only product TMPL carried was crude oil to supply refineries in the Vancouver area and to the state of Washington.

4286: 4213: 3790: 1849: 1484: 245: 127: 3914: 1553: 618:(WTI). This widened to a record US$ 50 in the fall of 2018 with the price of WCS hitting a record low of less than US$ 14 a barrel. 2654: 2233:"Pipelines much safer than shipping oil by rail, Fraser Institute (a private organization funded by the Koch Brothers) study says" 1381: 353:

In 2004, Kinder Morgan began the process to add a second pipeline, running parallel to the first, for the portion running between

214:

In 2013, a project to twin the existing Trans Mountain pipeline—the Trans Mountain Expansion Project—was proposed to the Canadian

4351: 3782: 3326: 2092: 767: 723: 3941: 1608: 1582: 860:, and violation of traditional Secwépemc law, founded by the Okanagan Shuswap Confederacy. Their claim is that the First Nation 4030: 4015: 887:

to issue a joint statement asking the Tiny House Warriors to stand down, claiming it was the Warriors violating Secwépemc law.

1793: 4552: 4537: 3971: 844: 3241: 2981: 4148: 2603: 1019:

formed the Western Indigenous Pipeline Group (WIPG) and have sanctioned the project for ownership stakes. Others, like the

1012: 679: 1953: 3961: 3816: 2704: 960: 366: 770:, to Kinder Morgan's Burnaby Terminal for a ceremony to protest the expansion of the Trans Mountain pipeline. In a 2020 4476: 4010: 3936: 3811: 1176: 1148: 653:

to expedite any future disputes over provincial or municipal permits impeding the expansion. BC Environmental Minister

4542: 4045: 4000: 3647: 1029:

A March 5, 2020, Supreme Court March, "decided not to hear five challenges from environment and Indigenous groups".

891: 399: 905:, in order to prevent the RCMP from snuffing a sacred fire as well as to prevent the escalation of a confrontation. 4532: 4274: 4096: 3698: 3508: 3498: 3493: 3478: 3473: 3463: 3453: 3448: 3443: 2931: 1771: 730: 538:, the leading insurer. The company that is advancing the project said that it still had enough insurance coverage. 4341: 2009: 606:

claimed that Kinder Morgan overestimated the economic benefits of the pipeline expansion. From 2008 through 2018,

4291: 3652: 1264: 939: 876: 824: 702:

the government cannot find a buyer before the consummation of the purchase, it will carry out the purchase via a

281: 20: 2476: 1630: 1311: 4562: 4411: 3861: 1657: 534:

In 2020, three insurance companies that had previously supported the project withdrew their support, including

3269: 4567: 4025: 3995: 3745: 817: 467:

Kinder Morgan had the support at that time of several large petroleum industry customers for this expansion (

292: 240:

through the creation of the Trans Mountain Corporation (TMC), in order to "keep the project alive". TMC is a

4067: 4522: 3730: 3687: 2823: 2347:"Yes could still be no as Kinder Morgan awaits Trudeau's nod on its multibillion-dollar pipeline expansion" 868: 241: 1324: 665:

that can be imported into the province from Alberta, until the completion of studies on whether potential

3373: 971: 626: 2680:"Kinder Morgan Canada shareholders vote to sell Trans Mountain pipeline to Ottawa with project in limbo" 4035: 3606: 3558: 472: 449: 394:—27 km (17 mi) east of Vancouver—were closed. In 1995, Imperial Oil closed their refinery in 3848: 1511:"U.S. oil refiners raise concerns about quality of crude shipped on Trans Mountain pipeline expansion" 661:

On January 30, 2018, the B.C. government proposed a restriction on increases to the amount of diluted

4185: 4106: 2797: 2705:"Federal Court of Appeal quashes construction approvals for Trans Mountain, leaving project in limbo" 1880:"Government of Canada announces pipeline plan that will protect the environment and grow the economy" 1203:

https://calgaryherald.com/opinion/columnists/varcoe-trans-mountain-pipeline-expansion-operation-weeks

1051: 460: 95: 2402:"'No province can impinge on the national interest', federal minister says as pipeline feud simmers" 110:

Multiple product pipelines: crude oil, refined petroleum products such as jet fuel, gasoline, diesel

4397: 4331: 4180: 4101: 3754: 3568: 3563: 3513: 1004: 918: 750:

and called for an appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada of the federal court's August 30 decision.

1926: 1215:"Trans Mountain expansion project's latest cost estimate has climbed 10%, regulatory filing shows" 4404: 4079: 3954: 3949: 1033: 622: 615: 607: 603: 584: 222: 2552:"New law would allow Alberta to restrict flow of oil and gas as Trans Mountain battle escalates" 4527: 4469: 4040: 4020: 4005: 3833: 1711: 1000: 675: 535: 277: 194: 4361: 4143: 3871: 3302: 3120:"Camp set up near Mission Flats Road in protest of Trans Mountain pipeline expansion project" 1181: 1046: 1020: 747: 683: 678:

and assume powers for itself that it does not have." On February 6, 2018, Notley ordered the

650: 638: 634: 611: 428: 411: 215: 3065:"Tiny House Warriors establish new village to resist pipeline, assert Secwepemc sovereignty" 3041: 1738:"Trans Mountain Pipeline spill in Abbotsford estimated at up to 190,000 litres of crude oil" 1285:"Chrystia Freeland closes the door on new funding for Trans Mountain as project costs surge" 4118: 3988: 3578: 3257:

Federal officials say construction of the $ 7.4 billion pipeline is likely to begin in 2019

3148:"5 arrested after standing in way of Trans Mountain pipeline construction in B.C. Interior" 2901:"Summer jobs controversy reheats over posting calling to 'stop the Kinder Morgan pipeline'" 1685: 1016: 575:

pipeline can enter service within one month of mechanical completion preceding line fill.

233: 8: 4326: 4153: 3632: 1008: 992: 884: 3297: 1407: 4336: 3573: 3531: 3416: 3396: 3042:"Secwepemc set up new camp in hopes of halting TMX construction, leads to five arrests" 2927: 2852:"Prime Minister says Ottawa still committed to build Trans Mountain pipeline expansion" 996: 935: 810: 646: 476: 455: 327:

The total cost of TMPL was $ 93 million, according to then Premier of British Columbia

225:

groups on the grounds of inadequate consultation of the pipeline route passing through

178: 3209:"Three arrested as judge consults with Indigenous groups about Trans Mountain project" 2959:"Pipeline protesters block Trans Mountain oil tanker from Ironworkers Memorial Bridge" 4494: 4462: 4296: 4175: 4089: 3838: 3760: 3642: 3637: 3553: 2502:"Alberta demands 'concrete action' from Ottawa to get Trans Mountain pipeline moving" 2452:"B.C. not backing down on fight against pipeline expansion despite Alberta's threats" 2350: 1604: 1578: 778:

Protests took place in Vancouver to stop work on the pipeline on September 19, 2017.

703: 687: 561: 550: 288: 186: 85: 3728: 4318: 4084: 3983: 1801: 988: 789: 583:

The expansion project has faced criticism, particularly from environmentalists and

386:' Royalite Refinery, was shut down. In 1993, two refineries were closed—Shell's in 328: 273: 269: 226: 75: 1823: 1415:(video). Richard Finnie of Canadian Bechtel Limited. Event occurs at 9 min 42 sec 1240:"Supreme Court dismisses First Nations' challenge against Trans Mountain pipeline" 709:

Critics of the expansion argued that this proposed purchase was a taxpayer-funded

4418: 4158: 4111: 3876: 3826: 3657: 3468: 3458: 3359: 2604:"Liberals to buy Trans Mountain pipeline for $ 4.5B to ensure expansion is built" 922: 872: 861: 719: 630: 445: 354: 248:(CDEV). Until the purchase by CDEV, the Trans Mountain Pipeline was owned by the 204: 3772: 2164:"Canada's long-delayed Trans Mountain pipeline plans line fill for March or May" 527:

seek outside investors to complete the expansion. These investors would also be

3804: 2578:"Alberta premier 'prepared to turn off the taps' now that legislation approved" 943: 898: 831: 802: 794: 763: 546: 480: 391: 362: 249: 3360:

The Building of Trans Mountain: Canada's First Oil Pipeline Across the Rockies

3353: 2768:"Limited public access to new hearings on the Trans Mountain pipeline project" 1528: 1443:(video). Richard Finnie of Canadian Bechtel Limited. Event occurs at 9.44 min 1435: 1265:

https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/rcmp-cirg-standing-rock-documents-1.6925906

625:

challenges were filed by the municipalities of Vancouver and Burnaby, and the

402:. After TMX opened in 2024, oil refineries complained about poor oil quality. 4516: 4448: 4432: 4311: 4170: 4163: 3821: 3677: 3624: 2527:"Alberta unveils bill that could wreak havoc on B.C. gas prices in trade war" 970:

In their letter sent to both Trans Mountain and the lawyers representing the

743: 670: 654: 589: 519: 504: 387: 237: 1177:"The Government of Canada has approved the Trans Mountain Expansion Project" 1140: 867:

Since July 2018, a Secwépemc protest camp has been occupied just outside of

4390: 3866: 2824:"Trudeau committed to building Trans Mountain despite new legal challenges" 2427:"B.C. creates more uncertainty for Trans Mountain with bitumen restriction" 1111: 614:

sold at an average discount of US$ 17 against the benchmark for light oil,

554: 492: 488: 484: 337: 318: 3011:"Secwépemc Matriarch cuts off her hair in defense of her lands and waters" 2067:"Trans Mountain expansion on track, despite comments from Alberta premier" 553:, the slump in the demand for fuel, which contributes to the slump in the 4455: 3909: 3523: 3094:"ROTHENBURGER: Protests and arrests were played out in a familiar script" 2905: 714: 593: 261: 2878:"B.C. First Nation launches legal challenge over Kinder Morgan pipeline" 1763: 1382:"Canada's history of pipeline challenges is longer than you might think" 1351: 981: 690:

over these moves. The wine sanctions were lifted on February 22, 2018.

361:. This required two more pumping stations – the Wolf Pump Station, near 4346: 3766: 3588: 739: 508: 395: 307: 3365: 766:

First Nations in British Columbia paddled canoes on Burrard Inlet, in

4301: 3545: 3175:"Tk'emlups te Secwepemc leadership releases statement on TMX arrests" 2936: 2093:"Trans Mountain pipeline expansion costs surge 44% to $ 30.9 billion" 848: 695: 666: 645:

stated that the federal government had sent a letter in support of a

528: 468: 441: 182: 3318: 2655:"B.C. premier, Indigenous groups respond to Trans Mountain purchase" 1850:"Trans Mountain pipeline expansion not supported by B.C. government" 894:

injunction from 2018 that barred land defenders from blocking work.

4425: 3596: 3426: 938:. The environmental concern in this area included the Salish Sea's 642: 433: 383: 190: 43: 4251:

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act

2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2377:"B.C. slams Ottawa's defence of Trans Mountain pipeline expansion" 1325:"Historical Background Report: Trans Mountain Pipeline, 1947-2013" 410:

As of 2017, TMPL had reported approximately 84 spills to Canada's

4138: 1977:"Cost of Trans Mountain pipeline expansion project in B.C. soars" 806: 710: 662: 500: 437: 314: 291:. The proposal for the pipeline was immediately submitted to the 265: 71: 47: 2132:"Trans Mountain Corporation Releases Third Quarter 2022 Results" 505:

Suncor Energy Marketing Inc., Suncor Energy Products Partnership

452:, and Burnaby, British Columbia was estimated at $ 6.8 billion. 211:, running adjacent to the existing line, was completed in 2008. 4244: 3400: 3324: 2932:"Rallies planned across Canada to protest Kinder Morgan buyout" 2748: 2629:"Ottawa is buying Trans Mountain. What does that mean? A guide" 2010:"Trans Mountain pipeline expansion on schedule, on budget: CEO" 1083: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1071: 853: 641:

First Nations. In November 2017, Minister of Natural Resources

531:

for any delays induced by provincial or municipal governments.

3325:

Kestler-D'Amours, Jillian; O'Toole, Megan (December 5, 2019).

3202: 3200: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1954:"Trans Mountain Pipeline's Lead Insurer Zurich Drops Coverage" 1485:"Why Vancouver Desperately Needs A New Oil Refinery Investing" 427:

On June 18, 2013, Kinder Morgan filed an application with the

3408: 2263:"Kinder Morgan's Trans Mountain pipeline benefits questioned" 2178:"What the Trans Mountain pipeline will mean for B.C.'s coast" 496: 2982:"Treetop camp protesting Trans Mountain pipeline dismantled" 2320:"U.S. Oil Exports Could Narrow WTI-Brent Spread - CME Group" 1906:"B.C. approves Trans Mountain pipeline expansion - The Star" 1633:. Transportation Safety Board of Canada. December 23, 2008. 1068: 954: 4221:

National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women

3242:"Trudeau cabinet approves Trans Mountain expansion project" 3197: 2118:"Trans Mountain says expansion project is now 50% complete" 1994: 897:

In early October 2020, a protest camp was set up along the

735: 2477:"Cheers! B.C. wine industry celebrates end of Alberta ban" 2311: 2027: 1882:(Press release). Government of Canada. November 29, 2016. 1672:"3 companies plead guilty to Burnaby oil spill - CBC News" 3435: 3292: 3290: 2294:"Why Alberta's latest oil-price plunge is unprecedented" 2285: 934:

in Burrard Inlet, Burnaby, to Canada's 12-nautical-mile

338:

Shift from single to multiple products pipelines (1983-)

2204:"Trans Mountain Pipeline: The truth about construction" 390:—a large Vancouver neighbourhood—and Petro-Canada's in 3287: 2791: 2789: 1921: 1919: 823:

In July 2018 activists blocked an oil tanker from the

746:

announced that Alberta would pull out of the national

2196: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 982:

SCC 2020 decisions dismissing appeals challenging TMX

959:

On June 18, 2019, the federal government through the

367:

Pyramid Creek Falls Provincial Park, British Columbia

19:"Trans Mountain" redirects here. For other uses, see 2846: 2844: 2318:

Brusstar, Dan; Putnam, Bluford (December 21, 2015).

1174: 4441:

Richard Cardinal: Cry from a Diary of a Métis Child

3327:"Nations divided: mapping Canada's pipeline battle" 2871: 2869: 2786: 2730:"Trans Mountain pipeline approval quashed by court" 2060: 2058: 2056: 1916: 1375: 1373: 422: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 2926: 1786: 1712:"Abbotsford - Sumas Facility: Tank 121 2012 Spill" 1300:Construction costs have surged by some 70 per cent 1269: 1135: 1133: 1087: 557:, and the protests by opponents to the expansion. 4500:Index of articles related to Indigenous Canadians 2841: 1968: 1547:"Releases Reported by Trans Mountain - 1961-2016" 1427: 1399: 813:also opposed the project and organized protests. 4514: 2866: 2338: 2053: 1842: 1552:. Transmountain. August 31, 2016. Archived from 1370: 3262: 3226: 2816: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1346: 1344: 1130: 858:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 3356:- Documentary of the building of the pipeline. 2798:"New Trans Mountain hearings begin in Calgary" 2317: 1579:"Abbotsford - Sumas Facility: Ward Road Spill" 1234: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1170: 1168: 1166: 459:Trans Mountain Pipeline, in green, with other 252:–based pipeline operator's Canadian division. 236:purchased the pipeline for $ 4.7 billion from 203:The construction of a second pipeline between 3714: 3381: 2213:. Vancouver, British Columbia. September 2019 1455: 930:increased oil tanker traffic to and from the 3091: 2124: 1872: 1466: 1434:Richard Finnie (director) (June 20, 2010) . 1406:Richard Finnie (director) (June 20, 2010) . 1341: 820:contained the protests on Burnaby Mountain. 118:Operational – twinning completed May 1, 2024 4378:Portrayals of the residential school system 1225: 1163: 903:2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests 621:Despite federal government approval, seven 3721: 3707: 3388: 3374: 3362:- Book about the building of the pipeline. 2036:"Oil Prices Slump on US Fuel Supply Build" 1282: 912: 507:, Tesoro Refining & Marketing Co, and 372: 260:In February 1947, large oil deposits were 36: 2979: 1539: 955:Government of Canada 2019 approval of TMX 246:Canada Development Investment Corporation 128:Canada Development Investment Corporation 4068:Violence against Wetʼsuwetʼen protesters 3117: 2344: 2064: 1974: 1631:"Pipeline Investigation Report P07H0040" 1461: 830:In September 2021 a treetop camp in the 788: 780: 454: 264:, Alberta. The idea for a pipeline from 3395: 3206: 3039: 3008: 2795: 2652: 2034:Luz, Andres Guerra (October 21, 2020). 2007: 1774:from the original on September 28, 2015 1655: 1379: 1283:Carmichael, Kevin (February 18, 2022). 838: 724:Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs 545:In a September 2020 interview with the 4515: 3239: 3172: 3092:Rothenburger, Mel (October 24, 2020). 2898: 2875: 2765: 2345:Hoekstra, Gordon (November 26, 2016). 2161: 2065:Franklin, Michael (January 12, 2023). 1975:Crawford, Tiffany (February 7, 2020). 1951: 1322: 1175:Government of Canada (June 18, 2019), 991:. Some Indigenous groups, such as the 879:First Nation (TteS), along with Chief 298:According to a 2019 JWN Energy series— 3702: 3369: 3207:Verenca, Tereza (December 10, 2018). 3185:from the original on October 23, 2020 3142: 3140: 3087: 3085: 3062: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3004: 3002: 2980:Hernandez, Jon (September 28, 2021). 2357:from the original on December 9, 2016 2291: 2273:from the original on December 4, 2016 2243:from the original on December 2, 2016 2157: 2155: 2153: 1886:from the original on December 1, 2016 1860:from the original on December 7, 2016 1718:from the original on December 1, 2016 1692:from the original on December 1, 2016 1611:from the original on December 1, 2016 1585:from the original on December 1, 2016 845:Aboriginal Peoples Television Network 365:, and the Chappel Pump Station, near 4149:Justice for our Stolen Children Camp 3729:Violence and discrimination against 3173:Kergin, Brendan (October 18, 2020). 3040:Laferte, Boston (October 23, 2020). 3009:Kilawna, Kelsie (October 24, 2020). 2766:Hunter, Justine (November 8, 2018). 1658:"The day oil rained down on Burnaby" 680:Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission 4209:Truth and Reconciliation Commission 3817:First Nations nutrition experiments 3683: 3276:, no. 2019–0820, June 18, 2019 3240:Tasker, John Paul (June 18, 2019). 2796:Tarasko, Mike (November 20, 2018). 2033: 2008:Healing, Dan (September 15, 2020). 1794:"Trans Mountain Proposed Expansion" 42:Trans Mountain pipeline route from 16:Oil pipeline in southwestern Canada 13: 4477:The Unnatural and Accidental Women 3504:Line 13 (Southern Lights pipeline) 3137: 3118:Sperling, Jill (October 5, 2020). 3082: 3028: 2999: 2326:from the original on July 16, 2016 2150: 1637:from the original on June 13, 2017 1380:Jaremko, Gordon (March 19, 2019). 1151:from the original on June 16, 2016 518:On January 11, 2017, B.C. Premier 126:Trans Mountain Corporation (TMC) ( 14: 4579: 4558:Political controversies in Canada 4548:Oil pipelines in British Columbia 4238:An Act to amend the Criminal Code 3347: 3307:, Calgary, Alberta, June 18, 2019 2888:from the original on May 8, 2014. 2292:Lundy, Matt (November 27, 2018). 400:Metro Vancouver Regional District 300:Inside Canada's Pipeline Industry 4097:Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet 3682: 3671: 2653:Weichel, Andrew (May 29, 2018). 1952:Rosane, Olivia (July 23, 2020). 1656:Granger, Grant (July 21, 2017). 423:Trans Mountain Expansion Project 405: 293:Board of Transport Commissioners 276:for oil both in Asia and on the 4292:British Columbia Treaty Process 3166: 3111: 3063:Brake, Justin (July 19, 2018). 3056: 2973: 2951: 2920: 2892: 2722: 2697: 2672: 2646: 2621: 2596: 2570: 2544: 2519: 2494: 2469: 2444: 2419: 2394: 2369: 2255: 2225: 2170: 2162:Nickel, Rod (January 3, 2024). 2110: 2085: 1945: 1898: 1816: 1756: 1730: 1704: 1678: 1664: 1649: 1623: 1597: 1571: 1521: 1503: 1316: 1305: 976:Tsleil-Waututh Nation v. Canada 940:southern resident killer whales 272:quickly emerged, driven by the 21:Trans-mountain (disambiguation) 2899:Azpiri, Jon (April 25, 2018). 2014:Global News via Canadian Press 1927:"TMX cost balloons to $ 12.6B" 1856:. CBC News. January 11, 2016. 1258: 1207: 1196: 1104: 1101:Via Gale and Knowledge Library 856:populations, violation of the 785:A protester at a rally in 2017 444:) and to be used to transport 167:Trans Mountain Pipeline System 31:Trans Mountain Pipeline (TMPL) 1: 4356: 2876:Keller, James (May 2, 2014). 1437:Oil across the Rockies Part 4 1409:Oil across the Rockies Part 1 1062: 713:of the project. B.C. Premier 612:benchmark for heavy crude oil 4553:Justin Trudeau controversies 4538:Proposed pipelines in Canada 3731:Indigenous peoples in Canada 1686:"Burnaby Tank 82 2009 Spill" 1141:"Trans Mountain Anchor Loop" 869:Blue River, British Columbia 825:Ironworkers' Memorial Bridge 469:BP Canada Energy Trading Co. 398:—a city that is part of the 359:Hargreaves, British Columbia 209:Hargreaves, British Columbia 7: 4352:Old-growth logging protests 1040: 972:Tsleil-Waututh First Nation 797:addresses a protest in 2014 753: 682:to cease future imports of 489:Husky Energy Marketing Inc. 151:1,150 km (710 mi) 10: 4584: 4119:Judge David William Ramsay 3559:Gas Transmission Northwest 473:Canadian Natural Resources 450:Strathcona County, Alberta 255: 18: 4490: 4370: 4310: 4273: 4264: 4240:for trafficking of minors 4229: 4194: 4131: 4107:Saskatoon freezing deaths 4054: 3970: 3898: 3889: 3847: 3791:Residential school system 3781: 3744: 3737: 3666: 3648:Maritimes & Northeast 3623: 3605: 3587: 3544: 3522: 3514:Line 67 (Alberta Clipper) 3434: 3425: 3407: 2882:Canadian Televisions News 2659:CTV News British Columbia 1052:Northern Gateway Pipeline 932:Westridge Marine Terminal 596:, formerly ForestEthics. 578: 461:Canadian Energy Regulator 331:at the opening ceremony. 195:coast of British Columbia 177:), is a multiple product 155: 147: 142: 134: 122: 114: 106: 101: 96:Burnaby, British Columbia 91: 81: 67: 59: 54: 35: 30: 4543:Oil pipelines in Alberta 4181:Walking With Our Sisters 4102:Killing of Chantel Moore 3996:Winnipeg serial killings 3755:Gradual Civilization Act 3564:Great Lakes Transmission 1057: 919:Natural Resources Canada 509:Total E&P Canada Ltd 232:On August 31, 2018, the 159:610 mm (24 in) 4533:Oil pipelines in Canada 4357:Trans Mountain pipeline 4080:Gustafsen Lake standoff 1034:Supreme Court of Canada 1013:Pellt'iq't First Nation 913:Phase III consultations 731:Federal Court of Appeal 616:West Texas Intermediate 608:Western Canadian Select 604:Simon Fraser University 477:Canadian Oil Sands Ltd. 373:TMPL and oil refineries 363:Niton Junction, Alberta 227:unceded indigenous land 171:Trans Mountain Pipeline 4332:Caledonia land dispute 4186:Women's Memorial March 3946:Healthcare inequality 3834:High Arctic relocation 3354:Oil Across the Rockies 1800:. 2013. Archived from 1605:"Westridge 2007 spill" 1001:Frog Lake First Nation 877:Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc 798: 786: 536:Zurich Insurance Group 464: 244:, a subsidiary of the 4563:Environmental justice 4031:Jean Virginia Sampare 4016:Tammy Lamondin-Gagnon 3303:National Energy Board 2269:. November 10, 2014. 1828:www.transmountain.com 1533:www.transmountain.com 1323:Kehraj, Sean (n.d.). 1182:National Energy Board 1047:Eagle Spirit Pipeline 1032:On July 2, 2020, the 1021:Coldwater Indian Band 1005:Scia'new First Nation 792: 784: 684:British Columbia wine 651:National Energy Board 458: 429:National Energy Board 412:National Energy Board 315:Canadian Bechtel Ltd. 302:—by former editor of 262:discovered near Leduc 216:National Energy Board 143:Technical information 4568:Environmental racism 4412:Missing and Murdered 3972:Missing and Murdered 3812:Forced sterilization 3607:Trans Mountain Corp. 3274:Government of Canada 1559:on December 21, 2016 1451:– via YouTube. 1423:– via YouTube. 1221:. February 28, 2024. 1017:Squiala First Nation 921:as lead and Justice 839:Secwépemc opposition 497:Nexen Marketing Inc. 278:west coast of Canada 234:Government of Canada 181:system that carries 4523:Athabasca oil sands 4327:Burnt Church Crisis 4154:Moose Hide campaign 4026:Helen Betty Osborne 3925:Criminal sentencing 3899:Structural violence 3746:Settler colonialism 3270:"Orders In Council" 2138:. November 29, 2022 1912:. January 11, 2017. 1824:"Expansion Project" 1090:Oil&Gas Journal 1009:Simpcw First Nation 993:Kehewin Cree Nation 961:Governor in Council 885:Simpcw First Nation 722:, president of the 501:Statoil Canada Ltd. 481:Cenovus Energy Inc. 343:Vancouver by 1993. 102:General information 4337:Clayoquot protests 3930:Mass incarceration 3903:and discrimination 3331:Al Jazeera website 3154:. October 16, 2020 3069:APTN National News 3015:APTN National News 2928:The Canadian Press 2772:The Globe and Mail 2633:The Globe and Mail 2381:The Globe and Mail 2298:The Globe and Mail 2182:The Globe and Mail 1933:. February 7, 2020 1515:The Globe and Mail 1489:Oil Sands Magazine 1219:The Globe and Mail 936:territorial waters 892:B.C. Supreme Court 811:Dogwood Initiative 799: 787: 647:dispute resolution 485:Devon Canada Corp. 465: 463:managed pipelines. 380:Oil Sands Magazine 193:, Alberta, to the 4508: 4507: 4495:Indigenous rights 4486: 4485: 4342:Keystone Pipeline 4297:Yukon Land Claims 4260: 4259: 4176:Sisters in Spirit 4127: 4126: 4011:Pamela Holopainen 3885: 3884: 3839:RCMP dog killings 3761:Numbered Treaties 3696: 3695: 3678:Canada portal 3653:Montreal–Portland 3540: 3539: 2854:. August 31, 2018 2736:. August 30, 2018 2351:The Vancouver Sun 2120:. April 19, 2022. 2097:financialpost.com 2040:Bloomberg Rigzone 1804:on April 23, 2016 1714:. Transmountain. 1688:. Transmountain. 1607:. Transmountain. 1581:. Transmountain. 704:crown corporation 686:as a retaliatory 562:Chrystia Freeland 551:COVID-19 pandemic 493:Imperial Oil Ltd. 289:act of Parliament 242:Crown corporation 163: 162: 86:Edmonton, Alberta 4575: 4443: 4405:Highway of Tears 4362:Unistʼotʼen Camp 4319:Water protection 4317: 4278: 4271: 4270: 4192: 4191: 4085:Ipperwash Crisis 4059: 4056:Police brutality 4046:Lisa Marie Young 4036:Loretta Saunders 4001:Immaculate Basil 3984:Highway of Tears 3976:Indigenous Women 3975: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3877:Indian hospitals 3773:Role of the RCMP 3742: 3741: 3723: 3716: 3709: 3700: 3699: 3686: 3685: 3676: 3675: 3674: 3432: 3431: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3367: 3366: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3294: 3285: 3284: 3283: 3281: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3237: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3204: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3144: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3089: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3037: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3006: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2930:(June 4, 2018). 2924: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2873: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2848: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2793: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2763: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2582:Edmonton Journal 2574: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2558:. April 16, 2018 2548: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2208: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2174: 2168: 2167: 2159: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2114: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2062: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2031: 2025: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2005: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1949: 1943: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1923: 1914: 1913: 1910:The Toronto Star 1902: 1896: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1820: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1760: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1734: 1728: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1708: 1702: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1682: 1676: 1675: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1653: 1647: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1558: 1551: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1535:. June 27, 2017. 1525: 1519: 1518: 1517:. June 12, 2024. 1507: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1481: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1453: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1442: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1414: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1377: 1368: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1348: 1339: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1329: 1320: 1314: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1280: 1267: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1236: 1223: 1222: 1211: 1205: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1172: 1161: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1137: 1128: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1108: 1102: 1100: 1085: 989:Aboriginal title 862:band governments 676:our constitution 610:(WCS), Canada's 602:A 2014 study by 329:W. A. C. Bennett 270:British Columbia 169:, or simply the 76:British Columbia 40: 28: 27: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4573: 4572: 4513: 4512: 4509: 4504: 4482: 4439: 4419:The Pass System 4366: 4315: 4312:Land protection 4306: 4287:Specific claims 4276: 4266: 4256: 4225: 4196: 4190: 4159:REDress Project 4123: 4112:Neil Stonechild 4057: 4050: 3989:list of victims 3973: 3966: 3937:Food insecurity 3900: 3891: 3881: 3843: 3827:Kimelman Report 3777: 3733: 3727: 3697: 3692: 3672: 3670: 3662: 3619: 3601: 3583: 3569:Northern Border 3536: 3518: 3421: 3403: 3394: 3350: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3323: 3319: 3310: 3308: 3296: 3295: 3288: 3279: 3277: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3250: 3248: 3238: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3205: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3171: 3167: 3157: 3155: 3146: 3145: 3138: 3128: 3126: 3116: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3090: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3038: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3007: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2978: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2942: 2940: 2925: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2897: 2893: 2874: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2850: 2849: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2794: 2787: 2777: 2775: 2764: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2713: 2711: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2612: 2610: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2587: 2585: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2561: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2535: 2533: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2485: 2483: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2460: 2458: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2435: 2433: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2360: 2358: 2343: 2339: 2329: 2327: 2316: 2312: 2302: 2300: 2290: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2246: 2244: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2216: 2214: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2187: 2185: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2160: 2151: 2141: 2139: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2063: 2054: 2044: 2042: 2032: 2028: 2018: 2016: 2006: 1995: 1985: 1983: 1973: 1969: 1959: 1957: 1950: 1946: 1936: 1934: 1925: 1924: 1917: 1904: 1903: 1899: 1889: 1887: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1863: 1861: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1833: 1831: 1830:. June 21, 2017 1822: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1777: 1775: 1762: 1761: 1757: 1747: 1745: 1744:. June 14, 2020 1736: 1735: 1731: 1721: 1719: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1695: 1693: 1684: 1683: 1679: 1670: 1669: 1665: 1654: 1650: 1640: 1638: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1612: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1588: 1586: 1577: 1576: 1572: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1549: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1529:"Spill History" 1527: 1526: 1522: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1494: 1492: 1491:. March 3, 2016 1483: 1482: 1467: 1460: 1456: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1405: 1404: 1400: 1390: 1388: 1378: 1371: 1361: 1359: 1350: 1349: 1342: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1321: 1317: 1310: 1306: 1293: 1291: 1281: 1270: 1263: 1259: 1249: 1247: 1238: 1237: 1226: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1201: 1197: 1188: 1186: 1173: 1164: 1154: 1152: 1139: 1138: 1131: 1121: 1119: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1086: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1043: 997:T'Sou-ke Nation 984: 957: 942:' (SRKW) prime 923:Frank Iacobucci 915: 873:Rosanne Casimir 841: 768:North Vancouver 756: 720:Stewart Phillip 649:process to the 581: 446:diluted bitumen 425: 408: 375: 355:Hinton, Alberta 340: 258: 205:Hinton, Alberta 50: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4581: 4571: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4473: 4466: 4459: 4452: 4445: 4436: 4429: 4422: 4415: 4408: 4401: 4394: 4387: 4386: 4385: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4323: 4321: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4283: 4281: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4247: 4245:Project E-Pana 4242: 4233: 4231: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4217: 4216: 4206: 4200: 4198: 4189: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4128: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4121: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4093: 4092: 4082: 4077: 4076: 4075: 4064: 4062: 4060:and misconduct 4052: 4051: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3980: 3978: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3964: 3962:Long-term DWAs 3959: 3958: 3957: 3955:Joyce Echaquan 3952: 3950:Brian Sinclair 3944: 3939: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3922: 3920:Climate change 3917: 3912: 3906: 3904: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3853: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3830: 3829: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3805:Chanie Wenjack 3798: 3787: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3775: 3770: 3763: 3758: 3750: 3748: 3739: 3735: 3734: 3726: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3703: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3690: 3680: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3629: 3627: 3625:Joint ventures 3621: 3620: 3618: 3617: 3615:Trans Mountain 3611: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3599: 3593: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3550: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3534: 3528: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3440: 3438: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3419: 3413: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3393: 3392: 3385: 3378: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3357: 3349: 3348:External links 3346: 3344: 3343: 3317: 3286: 3261: 3225: 3196: 3165: 3136: 3110: 3081: 3055: 3027: 2998: 2972: 2961:. July 3, 2018 2950: 2919: 2891: 2865: 2840: 2815: 2785: 2747: 2734:Financial Post 2721: 2696: 2671: 2645: 2620: 2595: 2584:. May 17, 2018 2569: 2556:Financial Post 2543: 2518: 2493: 2468: 2443: 2418: 2393: 2368: 2337: 2310: 2284: 2254: 2237:Financial Post 2224: 2195: 2169: 2149: 2136:Trans Mountain 2123: 2109: 2084: 2052: 2026: 1993: 1967: 1944: 1915: 1897: 1871: 1841: 1815: 1798:Trans Mountain 1785: 1768:Trans Mountain 1755: 1729: 1703: 1677: 1663: 1648: 1622: 1596: 1570: 1538: 1520: 1502: 1465: 1454: 1426: 1398: 1369: 1356:Trans Mountain 1340: 1315: 1312:Website of TMC 1304: 1289:Financial Post 1268: 1257: 1246:. July 2, 2020 1224: 1206: 1195: 1162: 1129: 1116:Trans Mountain 1103: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1042: 1039: 983: 980: 956: 953: 944:Chinook salmon 914: 911: 899:Thompson River 840: 837: 832:Brunette River 827:in Vancouver. 803:Derek Corrigan 801:Burnaby Mayor 795:Derek Corrigan 793:Burnaby Mayor 764:Tsleil-Waututh 755: 752: 627:Tsleil-Waututh 580: 577: 547:Canadian Press 424: 421: 407: 404: 392:Port Coquitlam 374: 371: 339: 336: 274:growing demand 257: 254: 250:Houston, Texas 161: 160: 157: 153: 152: 149: 145: 144: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 124: 120: 119: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 69: 65: 64: 61: 57: 56: 52: 51: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4580: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4528:Kinder Morgan 4526: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4511: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4479: 4478: 4474: 4472: 4471: 4467: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4453: 4451: 4450: 4449:Rustic Oracle 4446: 4444: 4442: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4433:Quiet Killing 4430: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4414: 4413: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4393: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4313: 4309: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4272: 4269: 4263: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4211: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4197:and inquiries 4193: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4171:Red handprint 4169: 4165: 4164:Red Dress Day 4162: 4161: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4120: 4117: 4113: 4110: 4109: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4053: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4041:Amber Tuccaro 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4006:Tina Fontaine 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3969: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3915:Child poverty 3913: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3897: 3894: 3888: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3872:Indian agents 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3823: 3822:Sixties Scoop 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3724: 3719: 3717: 3712: 3710: 3705: 3704: 3701: 3689: 3681: 3679: 3669: 3668: 3665: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3418: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3379: 3377: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3332: 3328: 3321: 3306: 3304: 3299: 3293: 3291: 3275: 3271: 3265: 3258: 3247: 3243: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3214: 3210: 3203: 3201: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3169: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3125: 3121: 3114: 3099: 3095: 3088: 3086: 3070: 3066: 3059: 3044:. The Martlet 3043: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3016: 3012: 3005: 3003: 2987: 2983: 2976: 2960: 2954: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2895: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2872: 2870: 2853: 2847: 2845: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2790: 2773: 2769: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2660: 2656: 2649: 2634: 2630: 2624: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2583: 2579: 2573: 2557: 2553: 2547: 2532: 2528: 2522: 2507: 2503: 2497: 2482: 2478: 2472: 2457: 2453: 2447: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2382: 2378: 2372: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2341: 2325: 2321: 2314: 2299: 2295: 2288: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2228: 2212: 2205: 2199: 2183: 2179: 2173: 2165: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2137: 2133: 2127: 2119: 2113: 2098: 2094: 2088: 2072: 2068: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2041: 2037: 2030: 2015: 2011: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1982: 1981:Vancouver Sun 1978: 1971: 1955: 1948: 1932: 1928: 1922: 1920: 1911: 1907: 1901: 1885: 1881: 1875: 1859: 1855: 1854:Transmountain 1851: 1845: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1778:September 27, 1773: 1769: 1765: 1759: 1743: 1739: 1733: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1691: 1687: 1681: 1673: 1667: 1659: 1652: 1636: 1632: 1626: 1610: 1606: 1600: 1584: 1580: 1574: 1555: 1548: 1542: 1534: 1530: 1524: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1490: 1486: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1458: 1439: 1438: 1430: 1411: 1410: 1402: 1387: 1383: 1376: 1374: 1357: 1353: 1352:"Our History" 1347: 1345: 1326: 1319: 1313: 1308: 1301: 1290: 1286: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1266: 1261: 1245: 1241: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1220: 1216: 1210: 1204: 1199: 1185: 1183: 1178: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1150: 1146: 1145:Transmountain 1142: 1136: 1134: 1117: 1113: 1107: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1072: 1067: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1038: 1035: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 979: 977: 973: 968: 965: 962: 952: 948: 945: 941: 937: 933: 927: 924: 920: 910: 906: 904: 900: 895: 893: 888: 886: 882: 881:Shelly Loring 878: 874: 870: 865: 863: 859: 855: 850: 847:, since 2013 846: 843:According to 836: 833: 828: 826: 821: 819: 814: 812: 808: 804: 796: 791: 783: 779: 776: 773: 769: 765: 760: 751: 749: 745: 744:Rachel Notley 741: 737: 732: 727: 725: 721: 716: 712: 707: 705: 699: 697: 691: 689: 685: 681: 677: 672: 671:Rachel Notley 668: 664: 659: 656: 655:George Heyman 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 623:Federal Court 619: 617: 613: 609: 605: 600: 597: 595: 591: 590:Burrard Inlet 586: 585:First Nations 576: 572: 569: 565: 563: 558: 556: 552: 548: 543: 539: 537: 532: 530: 524: 521: 520:Christy Clark 516: 512: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 462: 457: 453: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 430: 420: 416: 413: 406:Spill history 403: 401: 397: 393: 389: 388:North Burnaby 385: 381: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 351: 347: 344: 335: 332: 330: 325: 322: 320: 316: 311: 309: 305: 301: 296: 294: 290: 285: 283: 282:United States 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 253: 251: 247: 243: 239: 238:Kinder Morgan 235: 230: 228: 224: 223:First Nations 219: 217: 212: 210: 206: 201: 198: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 158: 154: 150: 146: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 100: 97: 94: 90: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 70: 66: 62: 58: 53: 49: 45: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 4510: 4475: 4468: 4461: 4454: 4447: 4438: 4431: 4424: 4417: 4410: 4403: 4398:Foster Child 4396: 4391:Finding Dawn 4389: 4249: 4237: 4144:History wars 4021:Serena McKay 3910:Birth alerts 3867:Potlatch ban 3803: / 3765: 3753: 3614: 3334:. Retrieved 3330: 3320: 3309:, retrieved 3301: 3278:, retrieved 3273: 3264: 3256: 3249:. Retrieved 3245: 3216:. Retrieved 3212: 3187:. Retrieved 3179:Castanet.net 3178: 3168: 3156:. Retrieved 3151: 3127:. Retrieved 3123: 3113: 3101:. Retrieved 3097: 3072:. Retrieved 3068: 3058: 3046:. Retrieved 3018:. Retrieved 3014: 2989:. Retrieved 2985: 2975: 2965:September 7, 2963:. Retrieved 2953: 2941:. Retrieved 2935: 2922: 2910:. Retrieved 2904: 2894: 2881: 2858:September 7, 2856:. Retrieved 2833:September 7, 2831:. Retrieved 2827: 2818: 2806:. Retrieved 2801: 2776:. Retrieved 2771: 2738:. Retrieved 2733: 2724: 2712:. Retrieved 2708: 2699: 2687:. Retrieved 2683: 2674: 2662:. Retrieved 2658: 2648: 2636:. Retrieved 2632: 2623: 2611:. Retrieved 2607: 2598: 2586:. Retrieved 2581: 2572: 2560:. Retrieved 2555: 2546: 2534:. Retrieved 2530: 2521: 2509:. Retrieved 2505: 2496: 2484:. Retrieved 2480: 2471: 2459:. Retrieved 2455: 2446: 2434:. Retrieved 2430: 2421: 2409:. Retrieved 2405: 2396: 2384:. Retrieved 2380: 2371: 2359:. Retrieved 2340: 2328:. Retrieved 2313: 2303:December 28, 2301:. Retrieved 2297: 2287: 2275:. Retrieved 2266: 2257: 2245:. Retrieved 2236: 2227: 2215:. Retrieved 2210: 2198: 2186:. Retrieved 2181: 2172: 2140:. Retrieved 2135: 2126: 2112: 2100:. Retrieved 2096: 2087: 2075:. Retrieved 2070: 2043:. Retrieved 2039: 2029: 2017:. Retrieved 2013: 1984:. Retrieved 1980: 1970: 1958:. Retrieved 1947: 1935:. Retrieved 1930: 1909: 1900: 1888:. Retrieved 1874: 1862:. Retrieved 1853: 1844: 1832:. Retrieved 1827: 1818: 1806:. Retrieved 1802:the original 1797: 1788: 1776:. Retrieved 1767: 1758: 1746:. Retrieved 1741: 1732: 1720:. Retrieved 1706: 1694:. Retrieved 1680: 1666: 1651: 1639:. Retrieved 1625: 1613:. Retrieved 1599: 1587:. Retrieved 1573: 1561:. Retrieved 1554:the original 1541: 1532: 1523: 1514: 1505: 1493:. Retrieved 1488: 1457: 1445:. Retrieved 1436: 1429: 1417:. Retrieved 1408: 1401: 1389:. Retrieved 1385: 1360:. Retrieved 1355: 1331:. Retrieved 1318: 1307: 1299: 1292:. Retrieved 1288: 1260: 1248:. Retrieved 1243: 1218: 1209: 1198: 1187:, retrieved 1180: 1153:. Retrieved 1144: 1120:. Retrieved 1115: 1112:"Who We Are" 1106: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1031: 1028: 1025: 985: 975: 969: 966: 958: 949: 928: 916: 907: 896: 889: 866: 842: 829: 822: 815: 800: 777: 771: 761: 757: 748:carbon price 728: 708: 700: 692: 660: 620: 601: 598: 582: 573: 570: 566: 559: 555:price of oil 544: 540: 533: 525: 517: 513: 466: 426: 417: 409: 379: 376: 352: 348: 345: 341: 333: 326: 323: 319:Standard Oil 312: 303: 299: 297: 286: 259: 231: 220: 213: 202: 199: 185:and refined 174: 170: 166: 164: 135:Commissioned 25: 4456:Secret Path 4279:land claims 4195:Commissions 3942:Foster care 3862:Pass system 3857:Stereotypes 3688:WikiProject 3579:TransCanada 3532:BC pipeline 3524:Natural gas 3336:December 5, 3251:January 12, 3213:Burnaby Now 3189:October 26, 3158:October 26, 3129:October 26, 3103:October 26, 3074:October 26, 3048:October 26, 3020:October 26, 2906:Global News 2802:My McMurray 2461:February 9, 2436:February 9, 2411:February 9, 2386:February 9, 2361:December 8, 2247:December 1, 2217:October 26, 2211:Stand.earth 2142:January 12, 2077:January 12, 2045:October 26, 2019:October 26, 1986:January 12, 1937:January 12, 1931:Global News 1890:December 8, 1864:December 8, 1834:January 23, 1722:December 1, 1696:December 1, 1615:December 1, 1589:December 1, 1563:December 8, 1495:January 16, 1447:January 16, 1419:January 16, 1391:January 16, 1362:January 15, 1294:January 12, 1250:January 12, 1155:January 12, 1122:January 13, 772:Global News 715:John Horgan 594:Stand.earth 529:indemnified 4517:Categories 4463:This River 4347:Oka Crisis 4275:Indigenous 3796:gravesites 3767:Indian Act 3738:Background 3589:SaskEnergy 3574:Northwest 3509:Line 14/64 3218:January 7, 3124:CFJC Today 3098:CFJC Today 2991:October 7, 2808:January 7, 2778:January 8, 2774:. Victoria 2740:August 30, 2714:August 30, 2689:August 30, 2588:August 30, 2330:January 8, 2188:August 30, 1956:. Ecowatch 1764:"About Us" 1386:JWN Energy 1096:(40): 49. 1063:References 740:Salish Sea 396:Port Moody 308:Korean War 197:, Canada. 4302:Land Back 4132:Responses 3546:TC Energy 3417:Brunswick 3397:Pipelines 2937:News 1130 2804:. Calgary 2562:April 18, 2536:April 18, 2511:April 18, 2486:April 18, 2102:March 13, 2073:. Calgary 849:Secwépemc 696:David Eby 639:Coldwater 442:Vancouver 440:(east of 4426:Pig Girl 3890:Specific 3783:Genocide 3643:Iroquois 3638:Alliance 3597:TransGas 3554:Keystone 3427:Enbridge 3311:June 19, 3280:June 19, 3246:CBC News 3183:Archived 3152:CBC News 2986:CBC News 2943:July 18, 2912:July 18, 2886:Archived 2828:CBC News 2709:CBC News 2684:CBC News 2608:CBC News 2531:CBC News 2506:CBC News 2481:CBC News 2456:CBC News 2431:CBC News 2406:CBC News 2355:Archived 2324:Archived 2271:Archived 2267:CBC News 2241:Archived 2071:CTV News 1960:July 24, 1884:Archived 1858:Archived 1772:Archived 1748:June 15, 1742:CBC News 1716:Archived 1690:Archived 1635:Archived 1609:Archived 1583:Archived 1333:June 23, 1244:CBC News 1189:June 19, 1149:Archived 1041:See also 809:and the 754:Protests 688:sanction 667:spillage 643:Jim Carr 635:Kwantlen 631:Squamish 434:Edmonton 384:Kamloops 280:and the 191:Edmonton 187:products 179:pipeline 156:Diameter 68:Province 55:Location 44:Edmonton 4265:Related 4214:Holiday 4139:AmINext 4090:Inquiry 3499:Line 11 3494:Line 10 3454:Line 2B 3449:Line 2A 2664:May 30, 2638:May 29, 2613:May 30, 2277:May 16, 1808:May 16, 1641:June 1, 1441:(video) 1413:(video) 807:LeadNow 738:in the 711:bailout 663:bitumen 438:Burnaby 304:Oilweek 266:Alberta 256:History 72:Alberta 60:Country 48:Burnaby 4267:topics 3892:issues 3849:Racism 3658:Vector 3633:Alaska 3489:Line 9 3484:Line 8 3479:Line 7 3474:Line 6 3469:Line 5 3464:Line 4 3459:Line 3 3444:Line 1 3401:Canada 2184:. 2017 854:salmon 637:, and 579:Debate 357:, and 207:, and 148:Length 115:Status 63:Canada 4470:Taken 4371:Media 4316: 4277: 4230:Legal 4204:IRSSA 4058: 3974: 3901: 3409:Emera 3305:(NEB) 2207:(PDF) 1557:(PDF) 1550:(PDF) 1358:. n.d 1328:(PDF) 1184:(NEB) 1118:. n.d 1058:Notes 736:orcas 189:from 183:crude 123:Owner 4383:list 4073:2020 3801:list 3338:2019 3313:2019 3282:2019 3253:2023 3220:2019 3191:2020 3160:2020 3131:2020 3105:2020 3076:2020 3050:2020 3022:2020 2993:2021 2967:2018 2945:2018 2914:2018 2860:2018 2835:2018 2810:2019 2780:2019 2742:2018 2716:2018 2691:2018 2666:2018 2640:2018 2615:2018 2590:2018 2564:2018 2538:2018 2513:2018 2488:2018 2463:2018 2438:2018 2413:2018 2388:2018 2363:2016 2332:2019 2305:2018 2279:2016 2249:2016 2219:2020 2190:2018 2144:2023 2104:2023 2079:2023 2047:2020 2021:2020 1988:2023 1962:2020 1939:2023 1892:2016 1866:2016 1836:2021 1810:2016 1780:2015 1750:2020 1724:2016 1698:2016 1643:2017 1617:2016 1591:2016 1565:2016 1497:2023 1449:2023 1421:2023 1393:2023 1364:2023 1335:2024 1296:2023 1252:2022 1191:2019 1157:2023 1124:2022 1015:and 818:RCMP 816:The 436:and 317:and 175:TMPL 165:The 138:1951 107:Type 82:From 74:and 4314:and 3436:Oil 3399:in 883:of 875:of 511:). 268:to 46:to 4519:: 3329:. 3300:, 3289:^ 3272:, 3255:. 3244:. 3228:^ 3211:. 3199:^ 3181:. 3177:. 3150:. 3139:^ 3122:. 3096:. 3084:^ 3067:. 3030:^ 3013:. 3001:^ 2984:. 2934:. 2903:. 2884:. 2880:. 2868:^ 2843:^ 2826:. 2800:. 2788:^ 2770:. 2750:^ 2732:. 2707:. 2682:. 2657:. 2631:. 2606:. 2580:. 2554:. 2529:. 2504:. 2479:. 2454:. 2429:. 2404:. 2379:. 2353:. 2349:. 2322:. 2296:. 2265:. 2239:. 2235:. 2209:. 2180:. 2152:^ 2134:. 2095:. 2069:. 2055:^ 2038:. 2012:. 1996:^ 1979:. 1929:. 1918:^ 1908:. 1852:. 1826:. 1796:. 1770:. 1766:. 1740:. 1531:. 1513:. 1487:. 1468:^ 1384:. 1372:^ 1354:. 1343:^ 1298:. 1287:. 1271:^ 1242:. 1227:^ 1217:. 1179:, 1165:^ 1147:. 1143:. 1132:^ 1114:. 1094:96 1092:. 1070:^ 1011:, 1007:, 1003:, 999:, 995:, 633:, 629:, 503:, 499:, 495:, 491:, 487:, 483:, 479:, 475:, 471:, 321:. 92:To 3722:e 3715:t 3708:v 3389:e 3382:t 3375:v 3340:. 3222:. 3193:. 3162:. 3133:. 3107:. 3078:. 3052:. 3024:. 2995:. 2969:. 2947:. 2916:. 2862:. 2837:. 2812:. 2782:. 2744:. 2718:. 2693:. 2668:. 2642:. 2617:. 2592:. 2566:. 2540:. 2515:. 2490:. 2465:. 2440:. 2415:. 2390:. 2365:. 2334:. 2307:. 2281:. 2251:. 2221:. 2192:. 2166:. 2146:. 2106:. 2081:. 2049:. 2023:. 1990:. 1964:. 1941:. 1894:. 1868:. 1838:. 1812:. 1782:. 1752:. 1726:. 1700:. 1674:. 1660:. 1645:. 1619:. 1593:. 1567:. 1499:. 1395:. 1366:. 1337:. 1254:. 1159:. 1126:. 173:( 130:) 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.