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name was derived from a combination of the pseudonyms of master painter
Hanabusa Itcho, and that of his successor Hanabusa Ikkei, with whom Kunisada had studied a new style of painting around 1824–1825. In 1844, he finally adopted the name of his master Toyokuni I, and for a brief time used the signature "Kunisada becoming Toyokuni II". Starting in 1844–1845, all of his prints are signed "Toyokuni", partially with the addition of other studio names as prefixes, such as "Kochoro" and "Ichiyosai". Although Kunisada referred to himself as "Toyokuni II", he must be regarded, however, as "Toyokuni III". The question is unsettled as to why he intentionally ignored
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180:. His given name was Sumida Shōgorō IX (角田庄五朗), and he was also called Sumida Shōzō (角田庄蔵). A small licensed and hereditary ferry-boat service belonged to his family, and the income derived from this business provided a certain basic financial security to engage in leisure activities such as painting. His father, who was an amateur poet of some renown, died in the year after his birth. While growing up, he developed an early talent for painting and drawing. His early sketches at that time impressed
369:, having languished for years as an artist, once observed Kunisada, ten years older and already an enormously popular artist, dressed in rich clothes and heartily enjoying himself with a beautiful geisha along the roads in Edo. Spurred by envy, Kuniyoshi vowed to renew devotion to his art and later achieved the success he craved. Kunisada was so famous that, in order to help his friend Hiroshige promote the first edition of the Tokaido, he designed an own serie of
140:), at the beginning of his career, and some series of large-size actor head-portraits near the end, it was thought that he had produced only inferior works. It was not until the early 1990s, with the appearance of Jan van Doesburg's overview of the artistic development of Kunisada, and Sebastian Izzard's extensive study of his work, that this picture began to change, with Kunisada more clearly revealed as one of the "giants" of the Japanese print that he was.
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225:(woodblock print illustrated books) and his popularity rapidly increased. In 1809 he was referred to in contemporary sources as the "star attraction" of the Utagawa school, and soon thereafter was considered as at least equal to his teacher Toyokuni in the area of book illustration. Kunisada's first actor portraits appeared in either 1808 or 1809. It is known that his first
124:). However, among European and American collectors of Japanese prints, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century, all three of these artists were actually regarded as rather inferior to the greats of classical ukiyo-e, and therefore as having contributed considerably to the downfall of their art. For this reason, some referred to their works as "decadent".
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Kunisada's paintings, which were privately commissioned, are little-known, but can be compared to those of other masters of ukiyoe painting. His activity as a book illustrator is also largely unexplored. He was no less productive in the area of ehon than he was in full-sized prints, and notable among
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Beginning around 1810 Kunisada used the studio name "Gototei", which refers cryptically to his father's ferry-boat business. Until 1842 this signature appeared on nearly all of his kabuki designs. Around 1825 the studio name "Kochoro" appeared, and was often used on prints not related to kabuki. This
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Beginning in the 1930s and 1970s, respectively, the works of
Hiroshige and Kuniyoshi were submitted to a re-evaluation, and these two are now counted among the masters of their art. Thus, from Kunisada alone was withheld, for a long time, the acknowledgment which is due to him. With a few exceptions,
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series and a series of pentaptychs of urban scenes of Edo, appear simultaneously in 1809. By 1813 he had risen as a "star" in the constellation of Edo's artistic world; a contemporary list of the most important ukiyo-e artists places him in second place behind
Toyokuni I. Kunisada remained one of
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and actor-portrait prints. In the year 1800 or shortly thereafter
Kunisada was accepted by Toyokuni I as an apprentice in his workshop. In keeping with a tradition of Japanese master-apprentice relations, he was then given the official artist name of "KUNI-sada", the first character of which was
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The mid-1840s and early 1850s, were a period of expansion when woodblock prints were in high demand in Japan. During this time
Kunisada collaborated with one of or both Hiroshige and Kuniyoshi in three major series as well as on a number of smaller projects. This co-operation was in large part
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Almost from the first day of his activity, and even at the time of his death in 1865, Kunisada was a trendsetter in the art of the
Japanese woodblock print. Always at the vanguard of his time, and in tune with the tastes of the public, he continuously developed his style, which was sometimes
340:. Also beginning around the mid-1850s there are series in which individual parts of designs (and sometimes complete sheets) are signed by Kunisada's students; this was done with the intention of promoting their work as individual artists. Notable students of Kunisada included Toyohara
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sets counted as a single design) corresponding to more than 22,500 individual sheets. It seems probable based on these figures that
Kunisada actually produced between 20,000 and 25,000 designs for woodblock prints during his lifetime (i.e. 35,000 to 40,000 individual sheets).
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This very undistinguished artist was one of the most prolific of the ukiyo-e school. All that meaningless complexity of design, coarseness of colour, and carelessness of printing which we associate with the final ruin of the art of colour-prints finds full expression with
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Overview of
Kunisada's work with thousands of pictures, series titles, lists of actors and kabuki dramas portrayed by Kunisada, and detailed study of his artistic names and signatures. During his lifetime, he produced a staggering number of prints, so that even a
352:. The majority of Kunisada's work was of actors portrayed in current popular plays; most of the rest was of women in the latest fashions. The works dated with quickly-changing fashions, and there was a constant demand for new prints to replace the outdated ones.
238:, a pupil and son-in-law of Toyokuni I and who had borne the name "Toyokuni", as legitimate head of the Utagawa school, from 1825 until his own death in 1835. Towards the end of his life he began recording his age with his signature on his prints.
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Kunisada had a five-decade prominent career, during which his work was always phenomenally popular and sold in the thousands, letting him become the all-time bestselling designer of
Japanese woodblock prints. A well-known anecdote recorded in
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Accurately portraying women of different ages and occupations, from
Yoshiwara courtesans to daughters of middle-class families, he allows us to sense their inner world through their lively facial expressions, in pictures of convincing
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His first known print dates to the year 1807. However this seems to have been an exceptional design, and further full-sized prints appear starting only in 1809–1810. As of 1808 he had already begun work as an illustrator of
324:(samurai warrior prints) by Kunisada are rare, and only about 100 designs in each of these genres are known. He effectively left these two fields to be covered by his contemporaries Hiroshige and Kuniyoshi, respectively.
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Following the traditional pattern of the Utagawa school, Kunisada's main occupation was kabuki and actor prints, and about 60% of his designs fall in this category. However he was also highly active in the area of
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Kunisada became a leading artist of the ukiyo-e school at an early age thanks to his amazing skill in capturing the likeliness of kabuki actors, creating must-have souvenirs for their legions of fans.
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Early 20th-century critics have been reluctant to declare merit in his work, particularly the one of the later period. An example of the contempt early Western critics subjected Kunisada's work to:
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prints (comprising about 15% of his complete works), and their total number was far higher than any other artist of his time. From 1820 to 1860 he likewise dominated the market for portraits of
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radically changed, and did not adhere to stylistic constraints set by any of his contemporaries. His productivity was extraordinary. About 14,500 individual designs have been catalogued (
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Although not much is known of the details of Kunisada's life, there are some well-established records of particular events. He was born in 1786 in Honjo, an eastern district of
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It is only with the 1990s that Kunisada's work re-gained widespread appreciation. Nowadays, Kunisada is again well-regarded as one of the main masters of the ukiyo-e art:
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Woodblock print portrait of Utagawa Kunisada, at the age of 80 years, dated January 1865. This memorial portrait was designed by his principal student,
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pictures, which appeared in numerous books. Due to censorship, they are signed only on the title page with his alias "Matahei". Landscape prints and
120:(1603–1867), Hiroshige, Kuniyoshi and Kunisada were the three best representatives of the Japanese color woodcut in Edo (capital city of Japan, now
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politically motivated in order to demonstrate solidarity against the intensified censorship regulations of the
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wrestlers. For a long time (1835–1850) he had an almost complete monopoly on the genre of prints related to
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artist. He is considered the most popular, prolific and commercially successful designer of ukiyo-e
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581:"A Bedside Guide to the Colours of Love in Spring and Other Erotic Prints by Kunisada (NSFW)"
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Tinios, Ellis (December 1991). "Kunisada and the Last Flowering of "Ukiyo-e" Prints".
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Kunisada (1786–1865) Ausstellung im Kupferstich-Kabinett des Wallraf-Richartz-Museums
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The date of Kunisada's death was the 15th day of the 12th month of the First Year of
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the "trendsetters" of the Japanese woodblock print until his death in early 1865.
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711:(p. 59ff, Vol 25, Issue 1, January–February 1995, Arts of Asia, Hong Kong)
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Living for the Moment: Japanese Prints from the Collection of Barbara S. Bowman
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Recapturing Utagawa Kunisada: 24 Prints from the Anders Rikardson Collection
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by Iijima Kyoshin, written beginning of the 1890s, relates that the young
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Sumo wrestling scene, triptych set of three prints by Kunisada, c. 1851
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253:. Kunisada died in the same neighborhood in which he had been born.
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Shigeru Shindo, (translated Yoko Moizumi, E. M. Carmichael),
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Kunisada portrait of Nakamura Fukusuke I as Hayano Kanpei
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derived from the second part of the name "Toyo-KUNI".
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742:Robert Schaap, (introduction by Sebastian Izzard),
68:; 1786 – 12 January 1865), also known as
730:Mirror of the Stage: The Actor Prints of Kunisada
249:corresponds to the date January 12, 1865, in the
53:, and is one of the few known images of Kunisada.
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474:, Royal Ontario Museum & Japan Society, 2017
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506:Evansville Museum of Arts, History and Science
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681:(4). Print Quarterly Publications: 342–362.
27:Japanese woodblock print artist (1786–1865)
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363:Biographies of the Utagawa School Artists
739:" (Wallraf-Richartz-Museums, Köln, 1966)
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535:Vanderbilt University Fine Arts Gallery
371:The fifty-three stations of the Tokaido
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153:, famous example of beauty portraits,
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268:, seascape print by Kunisada, c. 1830
112:Evaluation of Kunisada in art history
723:Kunisada: The Kabuki Actor Portraits
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134:) and portraits of beautiful women (
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744:Kunisada: imaging drama and beauty
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531:University of California, Berkeley
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732:(University Gallery, Leeds, 1996)
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463:actor Kawarazaki Gonjuro I (1861)
718:(Huys den Esch, Dodewaard, 1990)
526:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
445:, MFA Publications, Boston, 2017
426:, MFA Publications, Boston, 2017
1497:Not associated with any school
704:(Japan Society, New York, 1993)
496:Featured in Major Collections:
1491:List of Utagawa school members
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579:Gallagher, Paul (2022-01-13).
551:List of Utagawa school members
486:, Brooklyn Museum of Art, 2008
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764:includes nearly 1,000 series.
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1947:influenced non-Japanese art
757:The Utagawa Kunisada Project
511:Minneapolis Institute of Art
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821:Japanese woodblock printing
803:Ukiyo-e schools and artists
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521:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
188:and prominent designer of
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2028:Japanese portrait painters
725:(Graphic-Sha, Tokyo, 1993)
516:Metropolitan Museum of Art
384:" erotic print by Kunisada
210:, from a well-known early
201:The Hours of the Yoshiwara
184:, the great master of the
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1258:Shunkōsai Fukushū school
979:Ishikawa Toyonobu school
969:Ippitsusai Bunchō school
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128:such as actor portraits (
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403:Chats on Japanese Prints
1958:Japonaiserie (Van Gogh)
81:Sandai Otagawa Toyokuni
889:Harukawa Eizan school
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826:List of ukiyo-e terms
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148:Twilight snowfall at
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1968:Anglo-Japanese style
1466:Utagawa Hiroshige II
1386:Utagawa Kunisada III
1252:Yanagawa Shigenobu I
1063:Keisai Eisen school
848:of 17–19th centuries
716:What about Kunisada?
443:Kuniyoshi x Kunisada
424:Kuniyoshi x Kunisada
399:Arthur Davison Ficke
356:Reception and legacy
314:his book prints are
70:Utagawa Toyokuni III
1536:Kobayashi Kiyochika
1401:Utagawa Toyokuni II
1381:Utagawa Kunisada II
1137:Nishimura Shigenaga
845:Schools and artists
630:, pp. 343–344.
350:Utagawa Kunisada II
266:Dawn at Futamigaura
2033:People from Sumida
2023:Artists from Tokyo
1973:Post-Impressionism
1797:Shōzaburō Watanabe
1456:Utagawa Kuniteru I
1441:Utagawa Yoshitoshi
1421:Utagawa Yoshitsuya
1396:Utagawa Kunimasu I
1366:Utagawa Toyokuni I
1339:Toyohara Kunichika
1262:Shunshosai Hokucho
1127:Nishikawa Sukenobu
1057:Kawamata Tsunemasa
1052:Kawamata Tsuneyuki
1042:Katsukawa Shunkō I
953:Yanagawa Shigenobu
943:Katsushika Hokusai
933:Hishikawa Moronobu
714:Jan van Doesburg,
700:Sebastian Izzard,
480:, MFA Boston, 2016
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251:Gregorian calendar
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214:series by Kunisada
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116:At the end of the
84:), was a Japanese
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1995:
1994:
1870:Japanese painting
1772:Sekino Jun'ichirō
1752:Gihachiro Okuyama
1712:Sakuichi Fukazawa
1692:Un'ichi Hiratsuka
1606:Kiyokata Kaburagi
1461:Utagawa Hiroshige
1451:Utagawa Yoshifusa
1446:Utagawa Yoshifuji
1426:Utagawa Yoshitora
1411:Utagawa Kuniyoshi
1309:Torii Kiyomitsu I
1304:Torii Kiyomasu II
1294:Torii Kiyonobu II
1272:Shunbaisai Hokuei
1248:Shigenobu school
1242:Urakusai Nagahide
1217:Yanagawa Nobusada
1207:Shunbaisai Hokuei
1182:Shunkōsai Hokushū
1142:Ishikawa Toyonobu
1133:Nishimura school
1123:Nishikawa school
1037:Katsukawa Shunchō
1032:Katsukawa Shunsen
1027:Katsukawa Shun'ei
1022:Katsukawa Shunshō
1010:Matsuno Chikanobu
990:Kaigetsudō school
983:Ishikawa Toyonobu
973:Ippitsusai Bunchō
958:Yanagawa Nobusada
929:Hishikawa school
883:Furuyama Moromasa
735:Willibald Netto,
467:Recent Exhibits:
439:Masato Matsushima
420:Sarah E. Thompson
301:The Tale of Genji
257:Artistic activity
247:Japanese calendar
16:(Redirected from
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1929:Mochizuki school
1847:Tadashi Nakayama
1707:Yasuhide Kobashi
1646:Takahashi Shōtei
1531:Kobayashi Eitaku
1481:Utagawa Sadafusa
1476:Utagawa Hirokage
1436:Utagawa Yoshiiku
1416:Ryusai Shigeharu
1406:Utagawa Kuniyasu
1391:Utagawa Sadahide
1376:Utagawa Kunisada
1371:Utagawa Kunimasa
1361:Utagawa Toyohiro
1356:Utagawa Toyoharu
1335:Toyohara school
1299:Torii Kiyomasu I
1289:Torii Kiyonobu I
1233:Ryūkōsai school
1157:Okumura Masanobu
1117:Miyagawa Shunsui
1107:Miyagawa Chōshun
1103:Miyagawa school
1077:Kitagawa Utamaro
1073:Kitagawa school
1048:Kawamata school
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1817:Fujimori Shizuo
1782:Hiroyuki Tajima
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1732:Matsubara Naoko
1687:Eiichi Kotozuka
1666:Yoshida Hiroshi
1656:Tsuchiya Koitsu
1641:Shiro Kasamatsu
1616:Elizabeth Keith
1596:Hashiguchi Goyō
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1431:Kawanabe Kyōsai
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1314:Torii Kiyotsune
1267:Gatōken Shunshi
1153:Okumura school
1147:Suzuki Harunobu
1097:Kitao Shigemasa
1005:Hasegawa Eishun
995:Kaigetsudō Ando
939:Hokusai school
923:Hasegawa Settan
903:Suzuki Harunobu
868:Chōbunsai Eishi
858:Gigadō Ashiyuki
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1526:Sugimura Jihei
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1398:
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1373:
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1363:
1358:
1351:Utagawa school
1348:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1324:Torii Kiyonaga
1321:
1319:Torii Kiyohiro
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
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1284:Torii Kiyomoto
1276:
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1237:Ryūkōsai Jokei
1231:
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1199:
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1192:Yoshida Hanbei
1189:
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1177:Ryūkōsai Jokei
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1112:Miyagawa Isshō
1109:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1087:Eishōsai Chōki
1084:
1079:
1071:
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945:
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926:
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917:
916:
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908:Isoda Koryūsai
905:
897:
896:
895:
893:Harukawa Eizan
887:
886:
885:
877:
876:
875:
873:Chōkōsai Eishō
870:
862:
861:
860:
851:
849:
841:
840:
833:
831:
829:
828:
823:
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751:External links
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728:Ellis Tinios,
726:
719:
712:
705:
696:
693:
692:
691:
666:
663:
660:
659:
657:, p. 349.
644:
642:, p. 352.
632:
620:
618:, p. 343.
608:
606:, p. 362.
596:
561:
560:
558:
555:
554:
553:
548:
546:Utagawa school
541:
538:
537:
536:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
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501:British Museum
494:
493:
487:
481:
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472:A Third Gender
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435:
416:
395:
357:
354:
258:
255:
186:Utagawa school
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113:
110:
26:
9:
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3:
2:
2050:
2039:
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2019:
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2011:
2009:
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1963:Impressionism
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1905:Nanpin school
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1852:Fujio Yoshida
1850:
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1837:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:Tadashige Ono
1825:
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1815:
1813:
1812:Suwa Kanenori
1810:
1808:
1807:Tōshi Yoshida
1805:
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1795:
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1775:
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1767:Saitō Kiyoshi
1765:
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1757:Kōshirō Onchi
1755:
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1702:Kitaoka Fumio
1700:
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1651:Torii Kotondo
1649:
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1636:Ota Masamitsu
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1501:Kanbun Master
1499:
1498:
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1492:
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1487:
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1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
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1357:
1354:
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1329:Torii Kotondo
1327:
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1322:
1320:
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1312:
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1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
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1268:
1265:
1263:
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1234:
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1225:
1223:
1220:
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1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
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1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:Osaka school
1172:
1168:
1167:Ōoka Shunboku
1165:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:Kitao school
1092:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1053:
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1049:
1047:
1043:
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1035:
1033:
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1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
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1015:
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1003:
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992:
991:
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984:
981:
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974:
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968:
964:
963:Totoya Hokkei
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
948:Katsushika Ōi
946:
944:
941:
940:
938:
934:
931:
930:
928:
924:
921:
920:
918:
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904:
901:
900:
898:
894:
891:
890:
888:
884:
881:
880:
878:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
864:Eishi school
863:
859:
856:
855:
853:
852:
850:
846:
842:
837:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
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813:
811:
807:
798:
793:
791:
786:
784:
779:
778:
775:
769:
766:
763:
762:partial list
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745:
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731:
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724:
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684:
680:
676:
675:
669:
668:
656:
651:
649:
641:
636:
629:
624:
617:
612:
605:
600:
586:
582:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
562:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
497:
492:, LACMA, 2006
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
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462:
457:
444:
440:
434:
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415:
411:
404:
400:
394:
389:
383:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:Tenpō Reforms
329:
325:
323:
319:
318:
311:
309:
308:
303:
302:
297:
293:
283:
279:
276:
267:
263:
254:
252:
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213:
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145:
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125:
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109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
71:
63:
59:
52:
47:
41:
37:
33:
32:Japanese name
19:
1984:Ligne claire
1982:
1950:
1944:
1933:
1924:Shijō school
1916:
1909:
1900:Kyoto school
1875:Rinpa school
1777:Toko Shinoda
1747:Tetsuya Noda
1675:Sosaku-hanga
1673:
1672:
1611:Hasui Kawase
1587:
1586:
1578:20th century
1486:Adachi Ginkō
1279:Torii school
1163:Ōoka school
1067:Keisai Eisen
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
678:
672:
635:
623:
611:
599:
588:. Retrieved
584:
495:
489:
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477:
471:
466:
442:
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423:
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402:
391:
387:
370:
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175:
147:
135:
129:
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115:
69:
57:
56:
39:
18:Toyokuni III
2013:1865 deaths
2008:1786 births
1978:Art Nouveau
1890:Hara school
1885:Akita ranga
1880:Kanō school
1822:Reika Iwami
1717:Masao Maeda
1697:Itow Takumi
1631:Ohara Koson
1601:Itō Shinsui
1521:Ogata Gekkō
1511:Sawa Sekkyō
1202:Hirosada II
913:Shiba Kōkan
665:Works cited
655:Tinios 1991
640:Tinios 1991
628:Tinios 1991
616:Tinios 1991
604:Tinios 1991
451:Collections
208: 1818
158: 1850
51:Kunisada II
2002:Categories
1589:Shin-hanga
1569:Yokohama-e
1564:Nagasaki-e
1559:Kamigata-e
1197:Hirosada I
590:2022-07-12
557:References
172:Snow Scene
118:Edo period
1952:Japonisme
1727:Maki Haku
1552:By region
1227:Yoshitaki
1082:Tsukimaro
478:Showdown!
367:Kuniyoshi
342:Kunichika
275:polyptych
236:Toyoshige
164:Biography
131:yakusha-e
106:Kuniyoshi
102:Hiroshige
1212:Kunimasu
1187:Ashiyuki
768:Kunisada
687:41824668
585:Flashbak
540:See also
436:—
433:realism.
417:—
396:—
307:surimono
292:bijin-ga
227:bijin-ga
212:bijin-ga
182:Toyokuni
137:bijin-ga
75:三代 歌川 豊国
62:Japanese
30:In this
1945:Ukiyo-e
1918:Nihonga
1863:Related
1838:Others
1506:Sharaku
1222:Shunshi
816:Ukiyo-e
809:General
484:Utagawa
322:musha-e
98:Hokusai
86:ukiyo-e
40:Utagawa
36:surname
746:, 2016
685:
461:kabuki
405:(1915)
382:Shunga
317:shunga
190:kabuki
34:, the
1911:Nanga
683:JSTOR
243:Genji
222:e-hon
122:Tokyo
94:Japan
66:歌川 国貞
1935:Yōga
393:him.
348:and
296:sumo
150:Ueno
104:and
178:Edo
38:is
2004::
677:.
647:^
583:.
565:^
441:,
422:,
401:,
344:,
205:c.
203:,
155:c.
108:.
100:,
78:,
64::
796:e
789:t
782:v
689:.
679:8
593:.
380:"
72:(
60:(
42:.
20:)
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