141:
122:
133:
1999:
25:
269:
221:
vaccine. While patients may sometimes complain of side effects after a vaccine, these are associated with the process of mounting an immune response and clearing the toxoid, not the direct effects of the toxoid. The toxoid does not have virulence as the toxin did before inactivation.
799:
It can be prevented by vaccination, and the licensed anthrax vaccine is a toxoid vaccine. It consists of inactivated subunits of anthrax toxin and elicits an antibody response that neutralises anthrax toxin.
140:
180:, an immune response is mounted and immunological memory is formed against the molecular markers of the toxoid without resulting in toxin-induced illness. Such a preparation is also known as an
203:
because they induce an immune response to the original toxin or increase the response to another antigen since the toxoid markers and toxin markers are preserved. For example, the
430:
857:
1907:
1055:
944:
1095:
1090:
813:"Synthesis and immunological properties of Vi and di-O-acetyl pectin protein conjugates with adipic acid dihydrazide as the linker"
1487:
1276:
2044:
1105:
618:
646:
1958:
1886:
1492:
276:
1524:
1281:
1207:
1060:
887:
1934:
1246:
879:
1346:
685:
108:
89:
1975:
1913:
888:
61:
1534:
1502:
1497:
1331:
1592:
1202:
46:
68:
1390:
1100:
252:. The highly antigenic toxoids help draw attention to weaker antigens such as polysaccharides found in the
172:, are maintained. Toxins are secreted by bacteria, whereas toxoids are altered form of toxins; toxoids are
548:
Parham, P. (2015). "The Immune System". 4th Ed. Garland
Science, Peter & Francis Group, LLC. New York.
357:
75:
2037:
1512:
954:
937:
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709:
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483:
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121:
136:
A poster released by the
Central Council for Health Education, spreading awareness about Diphtheria.
1517:
1482:
1477:
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57:
1963:
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1645:
1607:
1602:
1582:
1110:
238:
42:
35:
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1944:
1873:
872:
2030:
1939:
1773:
1768:
1224:
1170:
1080:
1822:
1763:
1554:
1197:
1075:
1026:
993:
927:
513:
234:
8:
2063:
1745:
1711:
1597:
1420:
1363:
1358:
1309:
1140:
1008:
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932:
1415:
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1612:
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703:
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397:
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213:
132:
839:
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767:
742:
1901:
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1701:
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1326:
1187:
1012:
975:
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772:
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375:
340:
253:
249:
1847:
829:
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82:
1827:
1812:
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949:
557:
364:
347:
2018:
811:
Kossaczka Z, Bystricky S, Bryla DA, Shiloach J, Robbins JB, Szu SC (June 1997).
724:"Bordetella pertussis toxoid antigen (formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde inactivated)"
280:
2014:
1969:
1696:
1587:
1547:
1427:
1253:
1192:
323:
230:
204:
169:
2057:
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1802:
1657:
1410:
1405:
1314:
959:
695:
464:
445:
416:
313:
208:
144:
A tetanus vaccine is being administered at the Naval medical Center San Diego
1214:
586:
1998:
1929:
1572:
1467:
1400:
1341:
1021:
912:
892:
604:
848:
2010:
1716:
1706:
1567:
1373:
1261:
1229:
1155:
1017:
908:
900:
776:
177:
125:
723:
680:. Rappuoli, Rino., Bagnoli, Fabio. Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic. 2011.
1842:
1817:
1507:
1457:
412:
185:
1891:
1462:
1335:
904:
226:
571:"The Preparation and Testing of Diphtheria Toxoid (Anatoxine-Ramon)"
24:
1733:
1726:
1721:
1691:
1447:
1383:
1378:
741:
Germanier, R; FĂĽrer, E; Varallyay, S; Inderbitzin, TM (June 1976).
200:
193:
165:
161:
157:
740:
2006:
1452:
896:
527:
189:
678:
Vaccine design : innovative approaches and novel strategies
1755:
1740:
810:
1750:
1635:
1241:
1175:
456:
217:. The latter causes tetanus and is vaccinated against by the
153:
1050:
218:
237:
for the production of human anti-tetanus immune globulin (
245:-type tetanus antitoxin in most of the developed world.
168:) or heat treatment, while other properties, typically
743:"Preparation of a purified antigenic cholera toxoid"
229:. Multiple doses of tetanus toxoid are used by many
225:Toxoids are also useful in the production of human
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1908:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
16:Weakened form of a toxin, often used for vaccines
2055:
2038:
873:
176:secreted by bacteria. Thus, when used during
233:in the United States for the development of
374:"Bordetella pertussis toxoid antigen" (see
248:Toxoids are also used in the production of
2045:
2031:
880:
866:
838:
828:
766:
619:"Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed"
594:
241:(TIG), HyperTet (c)), which has replaced
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
164:has been suppressed either by chemical (
139:
131:
120:
568:
2056:
184:. There are toxoids for prevention of
861:
1993:
263:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
1935:Eradication of infectious diseases
1692:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
259:
14:
2080:
1525:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
647:"Tetanus Immune Globulin (Human)"
575:American Journal of Public Health
128:researching serums and antitoxins
1997:
1914:Alternative vaccination schedule
889:Artificial induction of immunity
652:. September 2012. Archived from
267:
23:
830:10.1128/IAI.65.6.2088-2093.1997
804:
759:10.1128/iai.13.6.1692-1698.1976
34:needs additional citations for
1746:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
783:
734:
716:
670:
639:
611:
562:
551:
542:
1:
1282:Group B streptococcal disease
1101:Vaccines for Children Program
536:
2017:. You can help Knowledge by
7:
336:Corynebacterium diphtheriae
10:
2085:
1992:
499:Toxic shock syndrome toxin
484:Staphylococcal enterotoxin
407:(PMID 10948118, 10925320)
1953:
1922:
1861:
1793:
1684:
1656:
1623:
1297:
1128:
1121:
1040:
968:
920:
1277:Clostridioides difficile
1535:Tick-borne encephalitis
587:10.2105/AJPH.16.12.1208
569:Moloney, P. J. (1926).
436:Clostridial perfringens
239:tetanus immune globulin
1945:List of vaccine topics
945:Mathematical modelling
817:Infection and Immunity
747:Infection and Immunity
708:: CS1 maint: others (
522:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
455:(Used in experimental
422:Streptococcus pyogenes
403:Streptococcus pyogenes
145:
137:
129:
1940:Vaccinate Your Family
1391:Japanese encephalitis
504:Staphylococcus aureus
489:Staphylococcus aureus
353:Clostridium botulinum
235:highly immune persons
143:
135:
124:
1823:John Franklin Enders
389:Bordetella pertussis
370:Bordetella pertussis
281:adding missing items
207:is derived from the
199:Toxoids are used as
43:improve this article
2005:This article about
1009:Virus-like particle
933:Vaccine ingredients
431:Clostridial a-toxin
1980:Never to phase III
1779:Hexavalent vaccine
1593:Epstein–Barr virus
1488:Oxford–AstraZeneca
1181:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135
526:(Unnamed; used in
470:Bacillus anthracis
398:Erythrogenic toxin
384:Tracheal cytotoxin
319:Clostridium tetani
279:; you can help by
250:conjugate vaccines
214:Clostridium tetani
152:is an inactivated
146:
138:
130:
2026:
2025:
1990:
1989:
1902:Vaccines and SIDS
1789:
1788:
1563:Hepatitis A and B
1539:Varicella zoster
1001:Subunit/component
791:"NIBSC - Anthrax"
581:(12): 1208–1210.
534:
533:
376:pertussis vaccine
341:Diphtheria toxoid
297:
296:
254:bacterial capsule
119:
118:
111:
93:
2076:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2001:
1994:
1881:MMR autism fraud
1828:Maurice Hilleman
1813:Hilary Koprowski
1126:
1125:
882:
875:
868:
859:
858:
853:
852:
842:
832:
808:
802:
801:
787:
781:
780:
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738:
732:
731:
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714:
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668:
667:
665:
664:
658:
651:
643:
637:
636:
634:
632:
623:
615:
609:
608:
598:
566:
560:
555:
549:
546:
508:(PMID 30824769)
493:(PMID 30824769)
476:anthrax vaccines
358:Botulinum toxoid
331:Diphtheria toxin
299:
298:
292:
289:
271:
270:
264:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2051:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1970:Clinical trials
1949:
1918:
1857:
1833:Stanley Plotkin
1795:
1785:
1697:Cancer vaccines
1680:
1674:Schistosomiasis
1652:
1646:Trypanosomiasis
1619:
1583:Cytomegalovirus
1493:Pfizer–BioNTech
1293:
1117:
1066:Vaccine wastage
1036:
964:
916:
886:
856:
809:
805:
789:
788:
784:
739:
735:
728:go.drugbank.com
722:
721:
717:
701:
700:
688:
676:
675:
671:
662:
660:
659:on 4 March 2016
656:
649:
645:
644:
640:
630:
628:
621:
617:
616:
612:
567:
563:
556:
552:
547:
543:
539:
451:Vibrio cholerae
440:(PMID 4306752)
365:Pertussis toxin
348:Botulinum toxin
293:
287:
284:
268:
262:
260:List of toxoids
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2082:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2002:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1848:Katalin KarikĂł
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1694:
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1686:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1603:Herpes simplex
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1503:Sinopharm BIBP
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1453:Bharat Biotech
1450:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1081:Vaccine injury
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1044:
1042:
1041:Administration
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1015:
998:
997:
996:
991:
983:
978:
972:
970:
966:
965:
963:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
941:
940:
930:
924:
922:
918:
917:
885:
884:
877:
870:
862:
855:
854:
823:(6): 2088–93.
803:
782:
733:
715:
686:
669:
638:
610:
561:
550:
540:
538:
535:
532:
531:
524:
519:
510:
509:
506:
501:
495:
494:
491:
486:
480:
479:
472:
467:
461:
460:
453:
448:
442:
441:
438:
433:
427:
426:
424:
419:
409:
408:
405:
400:
394:
393:
391:
386:
380:
379:
372:
367:
361:
360:
355:
350:
344:
343:
338:
333:
327:
326:
324:Tetanus toxoid
321:
316:
310:
309:
306:
303:
295:
294:
274:
272:
261:
258:
231:plasma centers
205:tetanus toxoid
170:immunogenicity
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2081:
2070:
2069:Vaccine stubs
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1853:Drew Weissman
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:H. Fred Clark
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Louis Pasteur
1806:
1804:
1803:Edward Jenner
1801:
1800:
1798:
1792:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:DTwP-HepB-Hib
1772:
1770:
1769:DTaP-IPV-HepB
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:combination:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1658:Helminthiasis
1655:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:combination:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:DPT/DTwP/DTaP
1260:
1259:
1258:combination:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1171:Meningococcus
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1161:Leptospirosis
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:Vaccine court
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1051:GAVI Alliance
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
971:
967:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
939:
936:
935:
934:
931:
929:
926:
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288:December 2020
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99:December 2009
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
48:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2019:expanding it
2004:
1930:Epidemiology
1906:
1878:
1764:DTaP-IPV/Hib
1555:Yellow fever
1468:EpiVacCorona
1225:Tuberculosis
1198:Pneumococcal
1166:Lyme disease
1031:
994:Heterologous
893:Immunization
820:
816:
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654:the original
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198:
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156:(usually an
149:
147:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2011:vaccination
1966:from market
1862:Controversy
1796:researchers
1712:Hepatitis B
1598:Hepatitis C
1543:Chicken pox
1369:Hepatitis E
1364:Hepatitis B
1359:Hepatitis A
1310:Chikungunya
1287:Shigellosis
1141:Brucellosis
1027:Therapeutic
981:Inactivated
921:Development
909:Inoculation
901:Vaccination
515:Pseudomonas
243:horse serum
178:vaccination
126:Ruby Hirose
2064:Immunology
2058:Categories
1897:Thiomersal
1843:Paul Offit
1818:Jonas Salk
1794:Inventors/
1665:research:
1642:research:
1579:research:
1508:Skycovione
1498:Sanofi–GSK
1443:SARS-CoV-2
1354:Hantavirus
1320:rVSV-ZEBOV
1305:Adenovirus
1273:research:
1151:Diphtheria
989:Attenuated
663:2010-05-29
631:21 October
537:References
517:exotoxin A
413:Leukocidin
277:incomplete
227:antitoxins
186:diphtheria
69:newspapers
1976:Phase III
1964:Withdrawn
1892:Pox party
1702:ALVAC-CEA
1624:Protozoan
1513:Sputnik V
1463:CoronaVac
1433:Rotavirus
1336:Pandemrix
1188:Pertussis
1129:Bacterial
1013:Synthetic
976:Conjugate
928:Adjuvants
905:Infection
704:cite book
696:630453151
2007:vaccines
1734:Prostvac
1727:Gardasil
1722:Cervarix
1669:Hookworm
1548:Shingles
1530:Smallpox
1448:Corbevax
1384:Gardasil
1379:Cervarix
1122:Vaccines
1076:Schedule
1047:Global:
955:Timeline
897:Vaccines
605:18012024
558:Anatoxin
305:Organism
201:vaccines
194:botulism
182:anatoxin
166:formalin
162:toxicity
160:) whose
158:exotoxin
58:"Toxoid"
1923:Related
1869:General
1631:Malaria
1518:Valneva
1483:Novavax
1478:Moderna
1473:Janssen
1458:CanSino
1438:Rubella
1396:Measles
1267:Td/Tdap
1237:Typhoid
1220:Tetanus
1215:Q fever
1146:Cholera
1136:Anthrax
1005:Peptide
969:Classes
950:Storage
849:9169736
626:fda.gov
596:1321494
577:(PDF).
528:Vi-rEPA
308:Toxoid
190:tetanus
83:scholar
1959:WHO-EM
1879:Lancet
1756:TA-NIC
1741:NicVAX
1588:Dengue
1428:Rabies
1254:Typhus
1193:Plague
1071:Policy
1032:Toxoid
960:Trials
847:
840:175288
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777:823107
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768:420821
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150:toxoid
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2013:is a
1887:NCVIA
1751:TA-CD
1685:Other
1636:RTS,S
1416:Sabin
1411:Polio
1406:Mumps
1315:Ebola
1298:Viral
1247:ViCPS
1242:Ty21a
1176:MeNZB
1106:VAERS
1056:NITAG
985:Live
657:(PDF)
650:(PDF)
622:(PDF)
474:(see
457:TA-CD
302:Toxin
154:toxin
90:JSTOR
76:books
2015:stub
1613:Zika
1573:MMRV
1421:Salk
1401:Mpox
1347:LAIV
1342:H5N1
1332:H1N1
1208:PPSV
1091:ACIP
1087:US:
1061:SAGE
1022:mRNA
938:list
845:PMID
773:PMID
710:link
692:OCLC
682:ISBN
633:2015
601:PMID
219:DTaP
192:and
62:news
2009:or
1874:MMR
1717:HPV
1707:BCG
1608:HIV
1568:MMR
1374:HPV
1327:Flu
1230:BCG
1203:PCV
1156:Hib
1111:VSD
1018:DNA
913:J07
835:PMC
825:doi
763:PMC
755:doi
591:PMC
583:doi
283:.
174:not
45:by
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