125:
187:
451:
66:
25:
322:
The term "Total
Communication" and its specific philosophy were first used by Roy Holcomb as part of a group of educators in southern California. It was adopted by the Maryland school as the official name for their educational philosophy. TC was supposed to find a middle ground in age-old disputes
227:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
436:
511:
230:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
76:
38:
492:
430:
238:
286:
168:
146:
106:
52:
251:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing French
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
139:
344:
516:
335:. In practice, however, most total communication programs use some form of simultaneous communication.
332:
306:) is an approach to communicating that aims to make use of a number of modes of communication such as
314:, auditory, written and visual aids, depending on the particular needs and abilities of the person.
260:
246:
133:
88:
44:
363:
Holcomb, R. K. (1970). The Total
Approach: Beginning and structure. In R. Madebrink (Ed.) (1972).
485:
199:
150:
466:
267:
84:
307:
8:
478:
409:
Schlesinger, H. (1986). "Total communication in perspective". In D. M. Luterman (Ed.),
242:
16:
Approach to augmentative/alternative communication that uses a combination of methods
365:
Proceedings of the
International Congress on Education of the Deaf, Stockholm, 1970.
367:. Stockholm, Sweden: International Congress on Education of the Deaf, pp. 104-107.
462:
397:
Total communication use among elementary teachers of hearing-impaired children
505:
458:
450:
249:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
328:
433:- The ERIC Clearinghouse on Disabilities and Gifted Education, USA.
324:
311:
224:
420:. Danville, IL: The Interstate Printers and Publishers, Inc.
376:
Nagengast, Larry. (1973) Deafness no handicap to newcomer.
390:
Teaching the hearing impaired through total communication
388:
Lowenbraun, S., Appelman, K., & Callahan, J. (1980).
413:(pp. 87–116). College-Hill Press: San Diego, CA.
220:
503:
418:Turning points in the education of deaf people
245:accompanying your translation by providing an
211:Click for important translation instructions.
198:expand this article with text translated from
486:
73:The examples and perspective in this section
399:. American Annals of the Deaf, 135, 257–263.
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
512:Augmentative and alternative communication
493:
479:
91:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
287:Learn how and when to remove this message
169:Learn how and when to remove this message
107:Learn how and when to remove this message
132:This article includes a list of general
395:Mayer, P. & Lowenbraun, S. (1990).
504:
257:{{Translated|fr|Communication totale}}
445:
180:
118:
59:
18:
392:. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.
13:
138:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
528:
424:
34:This article has multiple issues.
449:
185:
123:
64:
23:
42:or discuss these issues on the
406:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
370:
357:
345:Bilingual-bicultural education
255:You may also add the template
1:
350:
465:. You can help Knowledge by
7:
437:Interview with David Denton
380:(September 4, 1973), p. 11.
338:
331:, and as an alternative to
87:, discuss the issue on the
10:
533:
444:
333:simultaneous communication
317:
219:Machine translation, like
457:This article relating to
200:the corresponding article
411:Deafness in Perspective
266:For more guidance, see
153:more precise citations.
402:Moores, D. F. (1996).
268:Knowledge:Translation
239:copyright attribution
416:Scouten, E. (1984).
85:improve this section
75:may not represent a
517:Communication stubs
431:Total Communication
300:Total communication
404:Educating the deaf
247:interlanguage link
474:
473:
297:
296:
289:
279:
278:
212:
208:
179:
178:
171:
117:
116:
109:
57:
524:
495:
488:
481:
453:
446:
381:
378:The Morning News
374:
368:
361:
292:
285:
258:
252:
225:Google Translate
210:
206:
189:
188:
181:
174:
167:
163:
160:
154:
149:this article by
140:inline citations
127:
126:
119:
112:
105:
101:
98:
92:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
532:
531:
527:
526:
525:
523:
522:
521:
502:
501:
500:
499:
442:
427:
385:
384:
375:
371:
362:
358:
353:
341:
320:
293:
282:
281:
280:
275:
274:
273:
256:
250:
213:
190:
186:
175:
164:
158:
155:
145:Please help to
144:
128:
124:
113:
102:
96:
93:
82:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
530:
520:
519:
514:
498:
497:
490:
483:
475:
472:
471:
454:
440:
439:
434:
426:
425:External links
423:
422:
421:
414:
407:
400:
393:
383:
382:
369:
355:
354:
352:
349:
348:
347:
340:
337:
319:
316:
295:
294:
277:
276:
272:
271:
264:
253:
231:
228:
217:
214:
195:
194:
193:
191:
184:
177:
176:
131:
129:
122:
115:
114:
79:of the subject
77:worldwide view
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
529:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
507:
496:
491:
489:
484:
482:
477:
476:
470:
468:
464:
460:
459:communication
455:
452:
448:
447:
443:
438:
435:
432:
429:
428:
419:
415:
412:
408:
405:
401:
398:
394:
391:
387:
386:
379:
373:
366:
360:
356:
346:
343:
342:
336:
334:
330:
326:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
291:
288:
269:
265:
262:
254:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:
226:
222:
218:
216:
215:
209:
203:
201:
196:You can help
192:
183:
182:
173:
170:
162:
152:
148:
142:
141:
135:
130:
121:
120:
111:
108:
100:
97:November 2020
90:
86:
80:
78:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
467:expanding it
456:
441:
417:
410:
403:
396:
389:
377:
372:
364:
359:
321:
303:
299:
298:
283:
243:edit summary
234:
207:(March 2024)
205:
197:
165:
156:
137:
103:
94:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
151:introducing
506:Categories
351:References
134:references
39:improve it
329:manualism
261:talk page
202:in French
89:talk page
45:talk page
339:See also
323:between
237:provide
159:May 2013
83:You may
325:oralism
318:History
259:to the
241:in the
204:.
147:improve
308:signed
136:, but
461:is a
221:DeepL
463:stub
327:and
312:oral
235:must
233:You
223:or
508::
310:,
304:TC
48:.
494:e
487:t
480:v
469:.
302:(
290:)
284:(
270:.
263:.
172:)
166:(
161:)
157:(
143:.
110:)
104:(
99:)
95:(
81:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
