Arturo Toscanini - Knowledge

1708:, who produced many of Toscanini's early NBC Symphony recordings, stated that RCA Victor decided to record the orchestra in Carnegie Hall whenever possible, after numerous customer complaints about the flat and dull-sounding early recordings made in Studio 8-H in 1938 and 1939. Nevertheless, some recording sessions continued to be held in Studio 8-H as late as June 1950, probably because of alterations to the studio beginning in 1939, including installation of an acoustical shell in 1941 at the insurance of Leopold Stokowski before he temporarily replaced Toscanini as principal conductor of the NBC Symphony in the fall of 1941. O'Connell and others often complained the Maestro was little interested in the details of recorded sound and, as Harvey Sachs wrote, Toscanini was frequently disappointed that the microphones failed to pick up everything he heard as he led the orchestra. O'Connell even complained of Toscanini's failure to cooperate with him during the sessions. Toscanini himself was often disappointed that the 78-rpm discs failed to fully capture all of the instruments in the orchestra or altered their sound to such an extent they became unrecognizable. Those who attended Toscanini's concerts later said the NBC string section was especially outstanding. 1729:. RCA Victor apparently was now hesitant to promote the orchestra and recordings since it was now under contract to arch-rival Columbia and declared the defective Philadelphia masters unsalvageable. When told that RCA had finally decided to scrap the Philadelphia recordings, Toscanini vehemently exclaimed, "I worked like a dog!". The conductor eventually recorded all of the same music with the NBC Symphony. The best sounding of the Philadelphia recordings is the Schubert C-Major Symphony (The "Great"), which had been successfully restored and issued by RCA Victor in 1963. In 1968, the Philadelphia Orchestra returned to RCA and the company was now more favorable toward issuing all of the discs. RCA finally released a complete edition of the Toscanini/Philadelphia recordings in 1977, and it was suggested by Sachs and others at that date some of the masters may have deteriorated further. As for the historic nature of the recordings, even on the first RCA Victor compact disc issue, released in 1991, some of the sides have considerable 2325:(1998, 15 22–8). Frank and Dyment also discuss Maestro Toscanini's performance history in the 50th anniversary issue of Classic Record Collector (2006, 47) Frank with 'Toscanini – Myth and Reality' (10–14) and Dyment 'A Whirlwind in London' (15–21) This issue also contains interviews with people who performed with Toscanini – Jon Tolansky 'Licia Albanese – Maestro and Me' (22–6) and 'A Mesmerising Beat: John Tolansky talks to some of those who worked with Arturo Toscanini, to discover some of the secrets of his hold over singers, orchestras and audiences.' (34–7). There is also a feature article on Toscanini's interpretation of Brahms's First Symphony – Norman C. Nelson, 'First Among Equals ... Toscanini's interpretation of Brahms's First Symphony in the context of others' (28–33) 1772: rpm transcription discs from the start of the Maestro's broadcasts in December 1937, but the infrequent use of higher-fidelity sound film for recording sessions began as early as 1933 with the Philharmonic, and by December 1948, improved high fidelity made its appearance when RCA began using magnetic tape on a regular basis. High fidelity quickly became the norm for the company and the industry. NBC Radio followed, adopting the new technology in the fall of 1949 for its NBC Symphony broadcasts, among others. The first Toscanini recording sessions in Carnegie Hall followed immediately thereafter, although individual takes continued as with 78s, each running only about 2417:, released on an LP by the Society. (A kinescope of the same performance, from the television simulcast, has been released on VHS and laser disc by RCA/BMG and on DVD by Testament.) There was speculation that the Toscanini family itself, prodded by his daughter Wanda, had sought to defend the Maestro's original decisions (made mostly during his last years) on what should be released. Walter Toscanini later admitted that his father likely rejected performances that were satisfactory. Whatever the real reasons, the Arturo Toscanini Society was forced to disband and cease releasing any further recordings. 906:. Because of World War II, the score was microfilmed in the Soviet Union and brought by courier to the United States. Stokowski had previously given the US premieres of Shostakovich's First, Third and Sixth Symphonies in Philadelphia, and in December 1941, urged NBC to obtain the score of the Seventh Symphony as he desired to conduct its premiere as well. Toscanini coveted this for himself resulting in a dispute between both conductors which he ultimately won. A major thunderstorm virtually obliterated the NBC radio signals in New York City, but the performance was heard elsewhere and preserved on 1653:

for thirty-four years when he made his first records in 1920, and did not begin recording on a regular basis until 1938, after he became conductor of the NBC Symphony Orchestra at the age of seventy. Over the years as the recording process improved, so did Toscanini's attitude towards making records and eventually he became more interested in preserving his performances for posterity. The majority of Toscanini's recordings were made with the NBC Symphony and cover the bulk of his repertoire. These recordings document the final phase of his 68-year conducting career.

1125: 1043: 2877:) as perhaps the most extreme of these critics. Frank writes that this revisionism has unfairly influenced younger listeners and critics, who may have not heard as many of Toscanini's performances as older listeners, and as a result, Toscanini's reputation, extraordinarily high in the years that he was active, has suffered a decline. Conversely, Joseph Horowitz contends that those who keep the Toscanini legend alive are members of a "Toscanini cult", an idea not altogether refuted by Frank, but not embraced by him, either. 937: 5457: 2884:, also took Toscanini to task for not paying enough attention to the "modern repertoire" (i.e., 20th-century composers, of which Thomson was one). It may be speculated, knowing Toscanini's antipathy toward much 20th-century music, that perhaps Thomson had a feeling that the conductor would never have played any of his (Thomson's) music, and that perhaps because of this, Thomson bore a resentment against him. During Toscanini's middle years, however, such now widely accepted composers as 153: 2281: 1853: 45: 6714: 689: 6702: 1717:

in 1977). Harvey Sachs also recounts that the wax masters were damaged during processing, possibly because of the use of somewhat-inferior materials imposed by wartime restrictions. Toscanini had listened to several of the test pressings and had given his approval to some of the recordings, rejected others and was prepared to re-record the unsatisfactory sides. Unfortunately, the 1942-44

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the Society appeared to offer little real competition to RCA. But classical-LP profits were low enough even in 1970, and piracy by fly-by-night firms so prevalent within the industry at that time (an estimated $ 100 million in tape sales for 1969 alone), that even a benevolent buccaneer outfit like the Arturo Toscanini Society had to be looked at twice before it could be tolerated.

6190: 5820: 5787: 5768: 5679: 5639: 5571: 5538: 501:). He exhibited a considerable capacity for hard work, conducting 43 concerts in Turin in 1898. By 1898, Toscanini was Principal Conductor at La Scala, where he remained until 1908, returning as Music Director, from 1921 to 1929. In December 1920, he brought the La Scala Orchestra to the United States on a concert tour during which time he made his first recordings for the 6726: 3002:, commemorating Toscanini's years with the NBC Symphony Orchestra. The show, hosted by NBC announcer Ben Grauer, who had also hosted many of the original Toscanini broadcasts, featured interviews with members of the conductor's family, as well as musicians of the NBC Symphony, David Sarnoff, and noted classical musicians who had worked with the conductor, such as 2845: 1790:. With RCA's experiments in stereo beginning in early 1953 when two-track decks were first delivered by the engineers to the record producers (per Jack Pfeiffer, 11/77 interview, NYC, by CWR), stereo tapes were eventually made of Toscanini's final two broadcast concerts, plus the dress rehearsal for the final broadcast, as documented by Samuel Antek in 2803:. It received scathing reviews and was never officially released in the United States. The film is a fictional recounting of the events that led up to Toscanini making his conducting debut in Rio de Janeiro in 1886. Although nearly all of the plot is embellished, the events surrounding the sudden and unexpected conducting debut are based on fact. 680:, and confiscated his passport. His passport was returned only after a world outcry over Toscanini's treatment. Upon the outbreak of World War II, Toscanini left Italy. He returned in 1946 to conduct a concert for the opening of the restored La Scala Opera House, which was heavily damaged by bombing during the war. 399: 2856:

criticism has been directed at Toscanini. These critics contend that Toscanini was ultimately a detriment to American music rather than an asset because of the tremendous marketing of him by RCA as the greatest conductor of all time and his preference to perform mostly older European music. According

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Because the Arturo Toscanini Society was nonprofit, Key said he believed he had successfully bypassed both copyright restrictions and the maze of contractual ties between RCA and the Maestro's family. RCA's attorneys were soon looking into the matter to see if they agreed. As long as it stayed small,

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with the Philharmonic and LPs of the 1948 televised concert of the ninth symphony taken from an FM radio transcription, complete with Ben Grauer's comments. (In the early 1990s, the kinescopes of these and the other televised concerts were released by RCA with soundtracks dubbed in from the NBC radio

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and some distortion, especially during the louder passages. Nevertheless, despite the occasional problems, the sound has been markedly improved on CD, and the entire set is an impressive document of Toscanini's collaboration with the Philadelphia musicians. A second RCA CD reissue of the Philadelphia

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The NBC broadcasts were initially preserved on large 16-inch transcription discs recorded at 33-1/3 rpm, until NBC began using magnetic tape in 1949. NBC employed special RCA high fidelity microphones for the broadcasts, and they can be seen in some photographs of Toscanini and the orchestra. Some of

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who left La Scala to assume the post as the Met's general manager. During Toscanini's seven seasons at the Met (1908–1915), he made several reforms and set many standards in opera production and performance which are still in practice today. At the end of his final season with the Metropolitan Opera

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on June 25, telling the newspapers that his decision had been caused by the behavior of the orchestra. His substitute, Carlo Superti, was heavily contested by the public, failing even to give the attack to the orchestra. In desperation, the singers suggested the name of their assistant chorusmaster,

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Magazine and newspaper reports subsequently detailed legal action taken against Key and the Society, presumably after some of the LPs began to appear in retail stores. Toscanini fans and record collectors were dismayed because, although Toscanini had not approved the release of these performances in

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symphony. For Toscanini, later in March and in early April, the microphones were placed relatively close to the orchestra with limited separation, so the stereo effects were not as dramatic as the commercial "Living Stereo" recordings RCA Victor began to make in March with the Chicago Symphony, just

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O'Connell also extensively documented RCA's technical problems with the series of recordings by Toscanini and the Philadelphia Orchestra, made in 1941–42, which required extensive electronic editing before they could be issued (well after Toscanini's death, beginning in 1963, with the rest following

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on May 14. Later that year, Toscanini had a disagreement with NBC management over their use of his musicians in other NBC broadcasts. This, among other reasons, resulted in a letter of resignation which Toscanini wrote on March 10, 1941, to RCA's president David Sarnoff. He stated that he now wished

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purchased the bulk of Toscanini's papers, scores and sound recordings from his heirs. Named The Toscanini Legacy, this vast collection contains thousands of letters, programs and various documents, over 1,800 scores and more than 400 hours of sound recordings. A finding aid for the scores and sound

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replaced direct wax disc recording and high fidelity long-playing records were both introduced in the late 1940s, Toscanini said he was much happier making recordings. Sachs wrote that an Italian journalist, Raffaele Calzini, said Toscanini told him, "My son Walter sent me the test pressing of the

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issued a 6-CD set containing Toscanini's complete HMV recordings with the BBC Symphony. Toscanini's dislike of recording was well-known; he especially despised the acoustic method, and for several years he recorded only sporadically as a result. He was fifty-three years old and had been conducting

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were also broadcast on television). All of these performances were eventually released on records and CD by RCA Victor, thus enabling modern listeners an opportunity to hear what an opera conducted by Toscanini sounded like. He also conducted, broadcast and recorded entire acts and various excerpts

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was engaged on a three-year contract to conduct the orchestra and served as the NBC Symphony's music director from 1941 until 1944. Toscanini's state of mind soon underwent a change and he returned as Stokowski's co-conductor for the latter's second and third seasons, resuming full control in 1944.

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The NBC cameras were often left on Toscanini for extended periods, documenting not only his baton techniques but his deep involvement in the music. At the end of a piece, Toscanini generally nodded rather than bowed and exited the stage quickly. Although NBC continued to broadcast the orchestra on

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from studio 8H. Acts I and II were telecast on March 26 and III and IV on April 2. Portions of the audio were rerecorded in June 1954 for the commercial release on LP records. As the video shows, the soloists were placed close to Toscanini, in front of the orchestra, while the robed members of the

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reported, Key scoured the U.S. and Europe for off-the-air transcriptions of Toscanini broadcasts, acquiring almost 5,000 transcriptions (all transferred to tape) of previously unreleased material—a complete catalogue of broadcasts by the Maestro between 1933 and 1954. It included about 50 concerts

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lacking in much reverberation, while ideal for broadcasting, were unsuited for symphonic concerts and opera. It is widely held that Toscanini favored it because its close miking enabled listeners to hear every instrumental strand in the orchestra clearly, something in which the conductor strongly

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The public was taken by surprise, at first by the youth, charisma and sheer intensity of this unknown conductor, then by his solid musicianship. The result was astounding acclaim. For the rest of that season, Toscanini conducted 18 operas, each one an absolute success. Thus began his career as a

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The NBC Symphony concerts continued in Studio 8-H until 1950. That summer, 8-H was remodeled for television broadcasting, and the concerts were moved briefly to Manhattan Center, then soon thereafter moved again to Carnegie Hall at Toscanini's insistence, where many of the orchestra's recording

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Many hundreds of hours of Toscanini's rehearsals were recorded. Some of these have circulated in limited edition recordings. Many broadcast recordings with orchestras other than the NBC have also survived, including: The New York Philharmonic from 1933 to 1936, 1942, and 1945; The BBC Symphony

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with the NBC Symphony for RCA Victor. Horowitz also became close to Toscanini and his family. In 1933, Wanda Toscanini married Horowitz, with the conductor's blessings and warnings; they remained married until Vladimir Horowitz' death in 1989. Wanda's daughter Sonia was photographed by

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sessions had been held due to the acrid acoustics of Studio 8-H. On April 4, 1954, Toscanini conducted his final broadcast performance, an all-Wagner program, in Carnegie Hall. During this final concert, the aging Toscanini suffered a minor lapse of concentration which became a

336:; March 25, 1867 – January 16, 1957) was an Italian conductor. He was one of the most acclaimed and influential musicians of the late 19th and early 20th century, renowned for his intensity, his perfectionism, his ear for orchestral detail and sonority, and his 2821:

Throughout his career, Toscanini was virtually idolized by the critics, as well as by most fellow musicians and the public alike. He enjoyed the kind of consistent critical acclaim during his life that few other musicians have had. He was featured three times on the cover of

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At La Scala, which had what was then the most modern stage lighting system installed in 1901 and an orchestral pit installed in 1907, Toscanini pushed through reforms in the performance of opera. He insisted on dimming the house-lights during performances. As his biographer

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With the help of his son Walter, Toscanini spent his remaining years evaluating and editing tapes and transcriptions of his broadcast performances with the NBC Symphony for possible future release on records. Many of these recordings were eventually issued by RCA Victor.

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Toscanini has also been noted for his temper in rehearsals. Apparently less controlled later in life, he was known to vent his anger in front of the orchestra when he thought they were not playing well. One well-known example comes from a recording of a rehearsal for

2373:'s "Scottish" Symphony, dating from the same NBC period; and a Rossini-Verdi-Puccini LP emanating from the post-War reopening of La Scala on May 11, 1946, with the Maestro conducting. That same year it released a Beethoven bicentennial set that included the 1935 1811:

took the podium in a hastily organized session to record the Franck Symphony in D minor, for RCA Victor using the same microphone and equipment set-up put in place for the Maestro. The stereo version of the recording was finally released on LP by RCA in 1978

373:, where he studied the cello. Living conditions at the conservatory were harsh and strict. For example, the menu at the conservatory consisted almost entirely of fish; in his later years, Toscanini steadfastly refused to eat anything that came from the sea. 391:

who knew the whole opera from memory. Although he had no conducting experience, Toscanini was eventually persuaded by the musicians to take up the baton at 9:15 pm, and led a performance of the two-and-a-half hour opera, completely from memory.

3006:. It spotlighted partial or complete rebroadcasts of many of Toscanini's recordings. The program ran for at least three years, and did not feature any of the revisionist commentary about the conductor one finds so often today in magazines such as 1627:

label (issued in the US by RCA Victor, HMV/EMI's American affiliate). Toscanini also conducted the New York Philharmonic in Carnegie Hall for RCA Victor in several recordings in 1929 and 1936. He made a series of long-unissued recordings with the

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Sachs and other biographers have documented the numerous conductors, singers, and musicians who visited Toscanini during his retirement. He reportedly enjoyed watching boxing and wrestling matches, as well as comedy programs on television.

910:. RCA Victor first issued the recording on LP in 1967, and on compact disc in 1991. In Toscanini's later years, the conductor expressed disdain for the work and amazement that he had actually bothered to memorize the music and conduct it. 2773:

is a 1985 documentary made for cable television. The film features archival footage of the conductor and interviews with musicians who worked with him. This film was released on VHS and in 2004 on the same DVD which included the film,

1697:. He made many recordings, especially towards the end of his career, most of which are still in print. In addition, there are many recordings available of his broadcast performances, as well as his rehearsals with the NBC Symphony. 2682:

audio tape recordings made simultaneously by RCA technicians during the televised concerts. The hi-fi audio was synchronized with the kinescope video for the home video release. Original introductions by NBC's longtime announcer

886:"to withdraw from the militant scene of Art" and thus declined to sign a new contract for the up-coming winter season, but left the door open for an eventual return "if my state of mind, health and rest will be improved enough". 4863:

Four lists compiled by Harvey Sachs as addenda to his new biography: chronological list of all performances, alphabetical list by composer of all works in repertoire, select bibliography, and reference notes for the biography

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every case, many of them were found to be further proof of the greatness of the Maestro's musical talents. One outstanding example of a remarkable performance not approved by the Maestro was his December 1948 NBC broadcast of

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films of the live broadcasts. These films, issued by RCA on VHS tape and laser disc and on DVD by Testament, provide unique video documentation of the passionate yet restrained podium technique for which he was well known.

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in 1951 (at page 289) quotes him (without citation) as saying "I asked myself, did I conduct that? Did I work two weeks memorizing that symphony? Impossible! I was stupid!" The violist William Carboni, when interviewed by

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Others attacked the conductor on the ground that he was a slave to the metronome. They said that his beat was inexorable, that his rhythms were rigid, that he was an enemy of Italian song and a wrecker of the art of bel

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Gradually, Toscanini's reputation as an operatic conductor of unusual authority and skill supplanted his cello career. In the following decade, he consolidated his career in Italy, entrusted with the world premieres of

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from 1926 until 1936; he toured Europe with the Philharmonic in 1930. At each performance, he and the orchestra were acclaimed by both critics and audiences. Toscanini was the first non-German conductor to appear at

1835:. Using modern digital technology the company constructed a stereophonic version of the performance from the two recordings which it made available in 2009. The company calls this an example of "accidental stereo". 442:(La Scala, Milan, 1887) under the composer's supervision. Verdi, who habitually complained that conductors never seemed interested in directing his scores the way he had written them, was impressed by reports from 1831:, previously recorded and released in high-fidelity monophonic sound by RCA Victor. Recently a separate NBC tape of the same performance, using a different microphone in a different location, was acquired by 1197:

wrote: "He believed that a performance could not be artistically successful unless unity of intention was first established among all the components: singers, orchestra, chorus, staging, sets, and costumes."

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and making the lapse appear to be much worse than it actually was; many people still believe the orchestra stopped playing, but it did not; Toscanini quickly regained his composure and the concert continued.

2508:'s Symphony no. 1, which had been recently rediscovered. The Ormandy concert was telecast by rival network CBS, but the schedules were arranged so that the two programs would not interfere with one another. 913:

In the spring of 1950, Toscanini led the NBC Symphony on the orchestra's only extensive tour of the United States. It was during this tour that the well-known photograph of Toscanini riding the ski lift at

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have dismissed much of what was written about Toscanini during his lifetime and for about ten years afterwards as "adoring puffery". Nevertheless, composers and others who worked with Toscanini, including

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A premiere of Wagenaar's Symphony No. 2, November 10, 1932; a Chasins premiere April 8, 1931; and the first performance of Hanson's Symphony No. 2 (the "Romantic") on March 1, 1933 (programs at

2142:, with the combined forces of the New York Philharmonic and the NBC Symphony; the entire concert, complete with an auctioning of one of Toscanini's batons, was released on an unofficial recording in 1995) 426:, Milan, on February 27, of that year). This was the beginning of Toscanini's lifelong friendship and championing of Catalani; he even named his first daughter Wally after the heroine of Catalani's opera 2511:

Less than a month after the first Toscanini televised concert, a complete performance by the conductor of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony was telecast on April 3, 1948. On November 13, 1948, there was an all-

352:(1937–1954), and this led to his becoming a household name, especially in the United States, through his radio and television broadcasts and many recordings of the operatic and symphonic repertoire. 958:, for release on records. Toscanini was 87 years old when he finally stepped down. After his retirement, NBC disbanded the Symphony in 1954. Most of the orchestra's membership reorganized as the 704:(RCA), proposed creating a symphony orchestra for radio concerts and engaging Toscanini to conduct it. Toscanini was initially uninterested in the proposal, but Sarnoff sent Toscanini's friend 2333:

In 1969, Clyde J. Key acted on a dream he had of meeting Toscanini by starting the Arturo Toscanini Society to release a number of "unapproved" live performances by Toscanini. As the magazine

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When he was young as a conductor, it was complained of Toscanini that he held the tempo and rhythm of the music firmly to its course and that it had the mechanical exactitude of a metronome.

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had begun and prevented immediate retakes; by the end of the ban over two years later, the Philadelphia Orchestra's contract with RCA Victor had expired and the orchestra had signed with

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for RCA Victor in Philadelphia's Academy of Music in 1941 and 1942. All of Toscanini's commercially issued RCA Victor and HMV recordings have been digitally remastered and released on

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One more example of Toscanini and the NBC Symphony in stereo now also exists in a commercially available edition. This one is of the January 27, 1951, concert devoted to the Verdi

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now holds the rights and has issued several CD versions). Toscanini's June sessions were recorded monophonically to correct unsatisfactory portions of the broadcast recordings of

4635:, New York: Vanguard Press, 1963 (Essays by an NBC Symphony musician who played under Toscanini; also includes rehearsal photographs from the latter part of Toscanini's career.) 1201:

Toscanini favored the traditional orchestral seating plan with the first violins and cellos on the left, the violas on the near right, and the second violins on the far right.

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In June 1954, Toscanini participated in his final RCA Victor sessions, recording re-takes of isolated unsatisfactory passages from his NBC radio broadcasts of the Verdi operas

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In 1919, Toscanini unsuccessfully ran on the Socialist ticket for a minor municipal office in Milan. He had been called "the greatest conductor in the world" by Fascist leader

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Orchestra from 1935 to 1939; The Lucerne Festival Orchestra; and broadcasts from the Salzburg Festival in the late 1930s. Documents of Toscanini's guest appearances with the

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He joined the orchestra of an opera company organized by Claudio Rossi, with which he toured Brazil in 1886. After performing in Sao Paulo, the locally hired conductor,

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The film was commercially released by RCA/BMG on DVD in 2004. The "Internationale" was cut from the 1943 film after its original release, but the complete recording of

712:; Chotzinoff was able to persuade the wary Toscanini to accept Sarnoff's offer. Toscanini returned to the United States to conduct his first broadcast concert with the 2896:, and in 1930 Toscanini requested him to compose a symphony which would be premiered in 1961 and dedicated to the memory of Toscanini. He also performed excerpts from 1648:

released a new 84 CD boxed set reissue of Toscanini's complete RCA Victor recordings and commercially issued HMV recordings with the BBC Symphony Orchestra. In 2013,

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A private, nonprofit club based in Dumas, Texas, it offered members five or six LPs annually for a $ 25-a-year membership fee. Key's first package offering included

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minutes. RCA continued in this vein with 7-inch tape reels until 1953, when long takes on 10-inch reels were finally implemented for the recording of Beethoven's

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in December of Delibes with members of the Boston Symphony under Pierre Monteux, in February 1954 with the full Boston Symphony under Charles Munch in Berlioz'

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recordings from 2006 makes even more effective use of digital editing and processing in an attempt to produce improved sound. Longtime Philadelphia conductor

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A few of the hundreds of hours of rehearsal tapes featuring Toscanini, residing in the Rodgers and Hammerstein Archive of Recorded Sound, a division of the

758:. In addition, hundreds of hours of Toscanini's rehearsals with the NBC Symphony were preserved and are now housed in the Toscanini Legacy archive at the 728:'s insistence, added a bit more reverberation. In 1950, 8-H was converted into a television studio, and the NBC Symphony broadcast concerts were moved to 6831: 705: 6776: 3090:, whose political stance during World War II was controversial: "To Strauss the composer I take off my hat; to Strauss the man I put it back on again." 765:

Toscanini was sometimes criticized for neglecting American music, but on November 5, 1938, he conducted the world premieres of two orchestral works by

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As part of a restoration project initiated by the Toscanini family in the late 1980s, the kinescopes were fully restored and issued by RCA on VHS and

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when broadcast technicians overreacted with panic and took the music off the air for about a minute, substituting Toscanini's recording of the Brahms

5488: 1136:, was born on March 19, 1898. A daughter, Wally, was born on January 16, 1900. Carla gave birth to a boy, Giorgio, in September 1901, but he died of 2939:

Another criticism leveled at Toscanini stems from the constricted sound quality that comes from many of his recordings, notably those made in NBC's

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where it was not set out in the score. Verdi said that he had left it out for fear that "certain interpreters would have exaggerated the marking".

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magazine, in 1926, 1934, and again in 1948. In the magazine's history, he is the only conductor to have been so honored. On March 25, 1989, the

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beginning in 1989. The audio portion of the sound was taken, not from the noisy kinescopes, but from 33-1/3 rpm 16-inch transcription disc and

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Among his most critically acclaimed recordings, many of which were not officially released during his lifetime, are the following (with the

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Additional releases included a number of Beethoven symphonies recorded with the New York Philharmonic during the 1930s, a performance of

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about Toscanini's ability to interpret his scores. The composer was also impressed when Toscanini consulted him personally about Verdi's

3725: 799:, with Grofé in attendance. Both works had previously been performed on broadcast concerts. He also conducted broadcast performances of 4973: 3839:, April 2002. Retrieved February 26, 2008. "That archive was housed at Wave Hill, Toscanini's Riverdale residence during World War II." 2429:. Between 1948 and 1952, he conducted ten concerts telecast on NBC, including a two-part concert performance of Verdi's complete opera 4269: 4243: 4217: 3983: 1755:

from America; I want to hear and check how it came out, and possibly to correct it. These long-playing records often make me happy."

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were mastered on sound film in a process developed around 1930, as detailed by RCA Victor producer Charles O'Connell in his memoirs,

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A guide to Toscanini's recording career can be found in Mortimer H. Frank's "From the Pit to the Podium: Toscanini in America" in

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by Puccini – Milan, April 25, 1926 (Note: Toscanini informed the audience that the opera was incomplete due to Puccini's death.)

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Upon returning to Italy, Toscanini set out on a dual path. He continued to conduct, his first appearance in Italy being at the

109: 6821: 5481: 4571: 4538: 1867: 1705: 81: 2691:. The entire group of Toscanini videos has since been reissued by Testament on DVD, with further improvements to the sound. 2016:, (1954, exists in two versions: one as approved by Toscanini with excerpts from the rehearsals, and the unedited broadcast) 1209:

Toscanini conducted the world premieres of many operas, four of which have become part of the standard operatic repertoire:

5255: 4876: 3127:: "Here Death triumphed over art" (Toscanini then left the opera pit, the lights went up and the audience left in silence). 2853: 3273:

where he was unhappy with the playing of the solo for four muted cellos that ushers in the final duet of the first act of

1180:

Despite the reported infidelities revealed in Toscanini's letters documented by Harvey Sachs (most famously, with soprano

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recordings is available on the library's website. In-house finding aids are available for other parts of the collection.

3025:

The library also has many other collections that have Toscanini materials in them, such as the Bruno Walter papers, the

781:. The performance received significant critical acclaim. In 1945, Toscanini led the orchestra in recording sessions for 668:

in the audience. Afterwards, he was, in his own words, "attacked, injured and repeatedly hit in the face" by a group of

88: 6816: 4492:

Tick, Judith; Becoming Ella Fitzgerald: The Jazz Singer Who Transformed American Song; 2023; W. W. Norton & Company

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Toscanini worked with many great singers and musicians throughout his career, but few impressed him as much as pianist

639:

and repeatedly defied the Italian dictator. He refused to display Mussolini's photograph or conduct the Fascist anthem

4642:, New York: Amadeus Press, 2002. (Complete list and analysis of Toscanini's NBC Symphony performances and recordings.) 2892:, whose music the conductor held in very high regard, were considered to be radical and modern. He performed works by 2125:

with restored sound on the Treasury of Immortal Performances label (Andante version out of print); 1950 NBC broadcast)

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Toscanini made his first recordings in December 1920 with the La Scala Orchestra in the Trinity Church studio of the

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that were never broadcast, but which were recorded surreptitiously by engineers supposedly testing their equipment.

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in Milan. His epitaph is taken from one account of his remarks concluding the 1926 premiere of Puccini's unfinished

1062:

in New York City. It was his daughter Wally's 57th birthday. His body was returned to Italy and was entombed in the

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Toscanini suffered a stroke on New Year's Day 1957, and he died on January 16, at the age of 89 at his home in the

95: 5248: 4270:"TIME Magazine Cover: Arturo Toscanini - Jan. 25, 1926 - Arturo Toscanini - Conductors - Classical Music - Music" 4218:"TIME Magazine Cover: Arturo Toscanini - Apr. 26, 1948 - Arturo Toscanini - Conductors - Classical Music - Music" 872: 4244:"TIME Magazine Cover: Arturo Toscanini - Apr. 2, 1934 - Arturo Toscanini - Conductors - Classical Music - Music" 2365:, all NBC Symphony broadcasts dating from the late 1930s or early 1940s. In 1970, the Society releases included 6796: 4966: 3849: 2810: 1596: 502: 66: 4502: 1932: 696:

In 1936, Toscanini resigned from the New York Philharmonic, returned to Italy and was considering retirement;

6811: 6260: 5157: 1294: 1156: 903: 593: 557: 77: 5819: 5208: 2829: 2020: 2013: 1996: 1585: 1132:

Toscanini married Carla De Martini on June 21, 1897, when she was not yet 20 years old. Their first child,

1047: 972: 777: 701: 432:. He also returned to his chair in the cello section, and participated as cellist in the world premiere of 3335: 6826: 5638: 5307: 5145: 4872: 4857: 4100: 3134:

studios. There he said with tears in his eyes, "I will remember three things in my life: the sunset, the

2449:

on radio. These concerts were all shown only once during that four-year span, but they were preserved on

2224: 1802:, and in early March with the NBC Symphony in Manhattan Center again under Stokowski doing the Beethoven 4761:, New York: Prima Publishing, 1993. (Series of essays on various aspects of Toscanini's life and impact) 6692: 5678: 5114: 3663:

in 1975 (at p. 234) quotes him (without citation) as saying "Did I really learn and conduct such junk?"

3101: 2833: 2654: 2442: 2395: 1921: 1914: 1903: 1896: 1889: 1752: 589: 5852: 4754:, New York: Prima Publishing, 1995. (Reprint of standard and best biography originally published 1978) 3892: 3861: 2936:, though his performances of these last three works have been criticized as not being "jazzy" enough. 2717:, consists of Toscanini conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra in a performance of Verdi's overture to 2006:, (NBC 1947, studio and broadcast versions; Philadelphia 1941); Scherzo, New York Philharmonic, (1929) 6525: 4959: 2700: 2074: 2059: 17: 4377: 4333: 3832: 746:, the first one being a tribute to Toscanini, punctuated by clips from his NBC television concerts. 5936: 5767: 5570: 5433: 5295: 5185: 4856:

on the selection of the 1938 radio broadcast of Toscanini conducting the NBC Orchestra to the 2005

4839: 4702: 4203: 3582: 3093:"The conduct of my life has been, is, and will always be the echo and reflection of my conscience." 2933: 2735: 2532: 2516: 967: 839: 825: 494: 2943:. Studio 8-H was foremost a radio and later a television studio, not a true concert hall. Its dry 2063:(1938, 1948 and 1953 broadcast, studio recording 1953, all of them in the version orchestrated by 5845: 5786: 5497: 3045: 2582:. On December 29, 1951, there was another all-Wagner program that included the two excerpts from 2579: 2528: 2038: 1960: 1950: 1943: 1860: 1184:), he remained married to Carla until she died on June 23, 1951, and Toscanini remained widowed. 759: 645:

at La Scala. He raged to a friend, "If I were capable of killing a man, I would kill Mussolini."

556:(1934–1937), as well as the 1936 inaugural concert of the Palestine Orchestra (later renamed the 55: 4853: 4563: 924: 6706: 5222: 5140: 4126: 4075: 3026: 2940: 2769: 2550:

There were two Toscanini telecasts in 1949, both devoted to the concert performance of Verdi's

2438: 1970: 1956:

Brahms, Symphony No. 3 (February 1948 broadcast) (October 1952 concert, Philharmonia Orchestra)

1878: 1864: 1641: 1629: 1616: 1611:, save for two recordings for Brunswick in 1926 (his first by the electrical process) with the 1551: 1076:" ("Here the opera ends, because at this point the maestro died"). During his funeral service, 717: 713: 546: 349: 5613: 4308: 2536: 2408: 1992: 102: 6564: 6504: 6076: 5808: 5271: 5038: 4834: 3007: 2806: 2139: 1907: 1624: 1612: 1285: 1223: 585: 549:(1930–1931), and the New York Philharmonic was the first non-German orchestra to play there. 541: 536:, but instead cut his concert schedule short and left a week early, aboard the Italian liner 345: 6185: 5880: 3674: 2852:

Over the past thirty years or so, as a new generation has appeared, an increasing amount of

2494:

also made his live television concert debut with the Philadelphia Orchestra. They performed

2468: 6751: 6746: 6652: 6055: 5646: 5011: 4678: 4273: 4247: 4221: 3660: 2928: 2649: 2608: 2569: 2495: 2480: 2108: 2067:. The studio recording from January 1953 is the only one to have been officially released.) 2023:, (1942 broadcast, 1953 studio recording. The 1953 version is the one officially released.) 1885: 1662: 1249: 1174: 1063: 1017: 805: 782: 525: 6378: 2844: 2753:

including the "Internationale" can be heard on all RCA LP and CD releases of the cantata.

8: 6578: 6543: 6281: 5999: 5667: 5653: 5627: 5620: 5391: 5349: 5213: 5152: 5100: 4797: 3131: 3058: 3003: 2913: 2705: 2639: 2558: 2214: 1476: 1376: 1334: 1290: 959: 899: 734: 612: 476: 31: 5240: 3267:

Verdi, however, was quick to criticise Toscanini when appropriate, as in a rehearsal of

1124: 6497: 6469: 6288: 6150: 5585: 5283: 5093: 4778: 4556: 4198: 3943: 2902: 2893: 2726: 2602: 2195: 2054: 1813: 1600: 1538: 1490: 1424: 1303: 1273: 963: 918:, was taken. Toscanini and the musicians traveled on a special train chartered by NBC. 907: 845: 791: 771: 721: 521: 506: 370: 5922: 5373: 2043: 742:

and the New York Philharmonic began a series of special televised NBC concerts called

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He refused to conduct the section that Alfano composed at the opera's world premiere.

3935: 3801: 3659:) quotes him (without citation) as saying "Did I play this? I must have been crazy." 3546: 3518: 3425: 3248: 3165: 2908: 2800: 2743: 2658: 2644: 2596: 2584: 2474: 2462: 2370: 2262: 2220: 2202: 2180: 2176:

There are many pieces which Toscanini never recorded in the studio; among these are:

2164: 2122: 2048: 2009: 1682: 1636:. There are also recorded concerts with various European orchestras, especially with 1243: 1152: 915: 887: 856:. (Earlier, while music director of the New York Philharmonic, he conducted music by 834: 725: 649: 620: 599:

During his career as an opera conductor, Toscanini collaborated with such artists as

553: 6571: 6518: 5873: 5693: 3469: 3118: 1042: 485:. In 1896, Toscanini conducted his first symphonic concert (in Turin, with works by 6730: 6274: 6232: 6129: 6111: 6020: 6006: 5964: 5957: 5943: 5929: 5908: 5714: 5592: 5578: 5526: 5313: 5301: 5289: 5179: 4943: 3927: 3793: 3777: 3114: 2922: 2796: 2792: 2714: 2710: 2117: 1985: 1795: 1726: 1572: 1466: 1440: 1320: 1279: 1181: 1133: 1055: 1011: 879: 861: 811: 632: 616: 604: 415: 407: 332: 269: 251: 204: 186: 6343: 6302: 5950: 5894: 871:

In 1940, Toscanini took the NBC Symphony on a tour of South America, sailing from

635:. Toscanini had already become disillusioned with fascism before the October 1922 6557: 6550: 6462: 6441: 6413: 6392: 6371: 6316: 6178: 6136: 6083: 5866: 5749: 5634: 5606: 5519: 5445: 5439: 5367: 5331: 5025: 4868: 4775:, New York/London: Liveright, 2017. (Completely new and more detailed biography.) 4605: 4364: 3626: 3520: 3445: 3349: 3087: 3070: 2917: 2897: 2885: 2870: 2824: 2787: 2688: 2512: 2426: 2425:

Arturo Toscanini was one of the first conductors to make extended appearances on

2361: 2356: 2335: 2230: 2190: 2099: 2026: 1966: 1939: 1857: 1694: 1674: 1666: 1450: 1404: 1366: 1166: 1145: 1082: 979:

Toscanini prepared and conducted seven complete operas for NBC radio broadcasts:

786: 664:, but he flatly refused, despite the presence of fascist communications minister 490: 466: 377: 255: 4468: 4443: 3123:

At the point where Puccini left off writing the finale of his unfinished opera,

2616: 2304:. Toscanini's ten NBC Symphony telecasts from 1948 until 1952 were preserved in 1924:, (1953 and 1940 NBC broadcast) (Only the 1953 version was released officially.) 936: 6619: 6605: 6598: 6490: 6483: 6476: 6455: 6448: 6420: 6406: 6399: 6323: 6309: 6267: 6218: 6157: 6097: 6090: 6069: 6041: 6013: 5978: 5915: 5756: 5742: 5686: 5674: 5660: 5533: 5512: 5337: 5229: 5059: 4996: 4920: 4809: 4789: 4715: 4597: 3647: 3139: 3130:

While in California in 1940, Toscanini was invited to visit a movie set at the

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in which he yells in frustration when the double basses aren't quite together.

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In December 1943, Toscanini appeared in a 31-minute film for the United States

2634: 2500: 2491: 2457: 2321:(1998, 15 8–21) and Christopher Dyment's "Toscanini's European Inheritance" in 2301: 2247: 2208: 2154: 2094: 2070: 1980: 1927: 1832: 1808: 1735: 1718: 1686: 1678: 1670: 1562: 1414: 1255: 853: 665: 580:. During his engagement with the New York Philharmonic, his concert master was 498: 486: 433: 387: 337: 2841:

in an audio interview, readily acknowledged what they felt was his greatness.

2590: 2486: 796: 6740: 6633: 6626: 6225: 6211: 6197: 6143: 6048: 6034: 5985: 5901: 5735: 5559: 5456: 5409: 5343: 5087: 4902: 4294: 3939: 3805: 3074: 2838: 2758: 2679: 2653:. The final live Toscanini telecast, on March 22, 1952, included Beethoven's 2624: 2565: 2386: 2267: 2064: 1747: 1730: 1604: 1547: 1298: 1234: 865: 857: 820: 800: 766: 729: 697: 673: 636: 600: 530: 4881: 4862: 4357: 2998:

Beginning in 1963, NBC Radio broadcast a weekly series of programs entitled

414:, on November 4, 1886, in the world premiere of the revised version of 6718: 6666: 6645: 6612: 6511: 6427: 6385: 6364: 6357: 6350: 6246: 5887: 5827: 5801: 5775: 5763: 5700: 5566: 5427: 5403: 5379: 5053: 4747: 4645: 4628: 4624: 4589: 3652: 3135: 3110: 3066: 3030: 2862: 2858: 2663: 2505: 2256: 2236: 2091:

benefit concert at Carnegie Hall, first issued in 1959 on LP by RCA Victor)

1974: 1690: 1649: 1645: 1633: 1486: 1194: 1141: 1077: 850: 833:; and music by several other American composers, including some marches of 830: 677: 443: 5552: 5466: 5031: 4667:, New York: Knopf, 1987 (contains many inaccuracies corrected by Sachs in 2031: 1217: 1144:. Then, that same year (1906), Carla gave birth to their second daughter, 987: 471: 6171: 6164: 6104: 6027: 5992: 5859: 5782: 5721: 5599: 5415: 5319: 4830: 3797: 3711:"Symphony of the Air: Former NBC Symphony Players Still Great Ensemble." 3619: 2832:

issued a 25 cent postage stamp in his honor. Some online critics such as

2434: 2241: 2080: 1936:(1947 NBC broadcast) (only excerpts released during Toscanini's lifetime) 1738:

expressed his admiration for what Toscanini achieved with the orchestra.

1090: 993: 876: 843:, which was incorporated into the NBC Symphony's performances of Verdi's 739: 669: 152: 4170: 2087:, Vladimir Horowitz and NBC Symphony, (live recording of April 25, 1943 1989:(1950 and 1940 broadcast; only the 1950 version was released officially) 398: 348:. Later in his career, he was appointed the first music director of the 5971: 5421: 4149: 4028: 2739: 2684: 2675: 2280: 1608: 1137: 751: 641: 608: 581: 577: 452: 369:, Emilia-Romagna, His father was a tailor. He won a scholarship to the 4849:

Toscanini and the History of the NBC Symphony plus Live WWII broadcast

3947: 3915: 3491: 2490:. On the very same day that this concert was telecast live, conductor 6253: 6239: 5325: 5017: 2952: 2944: 2574: 2450: 2446: 2390: 2378:

transcriptions; in 2006, they were re-released by Testament on DVD.)

2305: 2135: 2130: 2088: 1267: 1211: 1059: 816: 565: 529:

in May 1915, Toscanini was set to return to Europe aboard the doomed

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On March 15, 1952, Toscanini conducted the Symphonic Interlude from

44: 6434: 5045: 4951: 4910: 4418: 3931: 3106: 2671:

radio until April 1954, telecasts were abandoned after March 1952.

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featured on the March 1948 telecast, plus the Prelude to Act II of

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Orchestra from 1946 until 1952 include a live recording of Verdi's

2293: 2252: 1637: 1509: 1229: 1068: 561: 512: 428: 423: 341: 1758:

NBC recorded all of Toscanini's broadcast performances on 16-inch

3606:"Stokowski out of NBC Symphony; Toscanini Bans Dual Leadership." 2722: 2629: 2564:

There were no Toscanini telecasts in 1950, but they resumed from

1917:(1952 and 1938) (only the 1952 recording was released officially) 981: 657: 2869:, rejects this revisionism quite strongly, and cites the author 1973:, London (his only appearances with that orchestra, produced by 5002: 3269: 2382: 2344: 2147: 1969:, Four Symphonies, Tragic Overture and Haydn Variations, 1952, 1603:, and his last with the NBC Symphony Orchestra in June 1954 in 999: 438: 3732:. Vol. XXX, no. 104. IP. January 16, 1957. p. 1 3519:

Association for the Advancement of Instrumental Music (1993).

1155:. They worked together a number of times and recorded Brahms' 688: 313: 281: 4005:

Eyewitness accounts by William Knorp, B.H. Haggin and others.

3471:

Live from Studio 8H: A Tribute to Toscanini (TV Special 1980)

2988:(If You Can't Sing It) You'll Have to Swing It (Mr. Paganini) 2781:

Toscanini is the subject of the 1988 fictionalized biography

2352: 1523: 1338: 1324: 1074:

Qui finisce l'opera, perché a questo punto il maestro è morto

894:

One of the more remarkable broadcasts was in July 1942, when

709: 573: 569: 411: 366: 182: 6713: 1794:

and by Pfeiffer. These followed test sessions in New York's

1607:. His entire catalog of commercial recordings was issued by 1565:

with the NBC Symphony Orchestra, New York on 30 March, 1940.

626: 380:

relinquished the post a few hours before the performance of

272: 4650:

Arturo Toscanini: Contemporary Recollections of the Maestro

4444:"Toscanini in a rage - scary rehearsal | Ghostarchive" 3548:

American composers today: a biographical and critical guide

3204:

Non muore la musica – La vita e l'opera di Arturo Toscanini

2713:. Mostly filmed in NBC's Studio 8-H, the film, narrated by 2552: 1856:

1952 performance featuring Arturo Toscanini (conductor) of

1558: 1005: 382: 319: 304: 284: 672:. Mussolini, incensed by the conductor's refusal, had his 295: 5270: 3096:"Gentlemen, be democrats in life but aristocrats in art." 3011: 2389:

made his New York debut, and a 1940 broadcast version of

1620: 2385:'s Piano Concerto No. 27 on February 20, 1936, at which 1711: 1661:

Toscanini was especially famous for his performances of

4469:"Toscanini DESTROYS a bass section | Ghostarchive" 1807:

a few weeks earlier. Two days after the final concert,

4401: 4399: 3726:"Arturo Toscanini, 89, dies in sleep at New York Home" 6690: 3492:"The Toscanini Legacy collection of sound recordings" 3450:. International Double Reed Society. 1995. p. 65 2523:, Op. 52 (with two pianists and a small chorus); and 316: 310: 301: 298: 289: 4151:

Toscanini: The Maestro / Verdi - Hymn of the Nations

3277:: "Gia nella notte densa". cf. Conati et al., p. 304 2517:

Concerto for Violin, Cello, and Orchestra in A minor

292: 278: 4396: 2456:

The telecasts began on March 20, 1948, with an all-

516:

Caricature of Toscanini drawn by Enrico Caruso

307: 275: 69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6782:Honorary members of the Royal Philharmonic Society 4555: 4419:"The Real Toscanini: Musicians Reveal the Maestro" 3818:"The Maestro Plays Games with Sonia on the Lawn." 3545: 2519:(Mischa Mischakoff, violin; Frank Miller, cello); 2217:, Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad" (1942, on RCA Victor) 1575:– NBC Symphony Orchestra, New York, November 1945. 837:. He even wrote his own orchestral arrangement of 459: 4530:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Third Reich 3424:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 238. 3380: 3378: 2606:; and "Siegfried's Death and Funeral Music" from 2441:, and the first complete telecast of Beethoven's 1700: 1241:. He conducted the first Italian performances of 588:in Istanbul, who, later, became conductor of the 422:(it had had its premiere in its original form at 30:"Toscanini" redirects here. For the surname, see 6738: 3882: 3776: 2205:, Symphony No. 3 "Scottish" (1941, on Testament) 340:. He was at various times the music director of 3848: 3231:Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers 3019:New York Public Library for the Performing Arts 2286:New York Public Library for the Performing Arts 2103:(1940 NBC broadcast; and 1951 studio recording) 1089:In his will, he left his baton to his protégée 4652:, New York: Da Capo Press, 1989 (A reprint of 3375: 3308: 1892:"Eroica" (1953; also 1939 and 1949 recordings) 1433:by Antonio Smareglia – Milan, January 22, 1903 6767:Burials at the Cimitero Monumentale di Milano 5482: 5256: 4967: 4886:Discography of American Historical Recordings 4844:The Interviews: An Oral History of Television 4802:(contains inaccuracies corrected by Sachs in 4693:(contains inaccuracies corrected by Sachs in 4187: 3985:Arturo Toscanini: The Complete RCA Collection 3913: 3672: 2460:program, including the Prelude to Act III of 1391:by Cesare Galeotii – Milan, December 17, 1900 1271:, as well as the South American premieres of 6837:Music directors of the New York Philharmonic 4700:Marsh, R. C. Toscanini on Records – Part I: 3514: 3512: 2478:; "Dawn and Siegfried's Rhine Journey" from 2275: 2085:Piano concerto No. 1 in B flat minor, Op. 23 660:, Toscanini was ordered to begin by playing 5496: 3438: 3295:"Out Today: New Victor Records for March". 2916:'s symphonies (Nos. 1 and 7), and three of 2328: 1741: 1505:by Riccardo Zandonai – Milan, March 7, 1925 1353:by Natale Canti – Bologna, December 1, 1894 648:At a memorial concert for Italian composer 6832:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists 5489: 5475: 5263: 5249: 4974: 4960: 4869:Newspaper clippings about Arturo Toscanini 4712:Marsh Part III: vol 4,1955, pp. 83–91 4076:"Penn Special Collections – Ormandy/Usher" 3914:Boult, Adrian; Goldberg, Rachelle (1973). 3366: 3311:"8 Famous People Who Missed the Lusitania" 3029:papers, and a collection of material from 1297:. He also conducted the world premiere of 1128:Toscanini with his wife and daughter Wally 151: 6777:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners 4794:The Maestro: The Life of Arturo Toscanini 4709:Marsh Part II: vol 4,1955, pp. 75–81 4553: 4526: 4306: 4095: 4093: 3509: 3247:. Cornell University Press. p. 303. 3061:, and featuring commentary by conductors 2968:The Maestro: The Life Of Arturo Toscanini 2527:On December 3, 1948, Toscanini conducted 1397:by Leoncavallo – Milan, November 10, 1900 896:Toscanini conducted the American premiere 683: 627:Departure from Italy to the United States 129:Learn how and when to remove this message 4554:Schonberg, Harold C. (January 1, 1997). 3537: 3353:, November 25, 1935 (to be found in the 3036: 2880:Some contemporary critics, particularly 2843: 2816: 2323:International Classical Record Collector 2319:International Classical Record Collector 2279: 1459:by Puccini – New York, December 10, 1910 1385:by Enrico De Leva – Turin, March 2, 1898 1173:During World War II, Toscanini lived in 1123: 1041: 935: 687: 511: 397: 6757:20th-century Italian conductors (music) 4788: 4527:Gellately, Robert (February 14, 2018). 4405: 4101:"The First Televised Orchestra Concert" 3580: 3419: 3201: 3099:Referring to the first movement of the 2955:(rhythmically too rigid) performances: 2951:Toscanini has also been criticized for 2484:; and "The Ride of the Valkyries" from 2134:(Act III only, 1944; from World War II 2077:(Philadelphia, 1941; NBC 1947 and 1953) 1531: 1359:by Antonio Lozzi – Venice, May 24, 1895 1112:Toscanini was posthumously awarded the 239: 1897; died 1951) 14: 6792:Italian emigrants to the United States 6739: 4562:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 4090: 3243:Conati, Marcello; et al. (1986). 3242: 1499:by Giordano – Milan, December 20, 1924 1021:(the two-part concert performances of 5470: 5244: 5215:Arturo Toscanini: Hymn of the Nations 4955: 4367:. Klassi.net. Retrieved June 7, 2012. 4147: 3581:Vinson, Bill; Casey, Ginger Quering. 3159: 2687:were replaced with new commentary by 2561:were on risers behind the orchestra. 2233:, Symphony No. 2 (1946, on Testament) 2211:, Symphony No. 2 (1940, on Testament) 1838: 1712:The Philadelphia Orchestra recordings 1527:by Giordano – Milan, January 12, 1929 1310: 331: 6772:Conductors of the Metropolitan Opera 4981: 4220:. September 30, 2007. Archived from 3885:"Letters detail Toscanini's affairs" 3698:"Survival Sought by NBC Orchestra." 3587:Welcome Aboard Moore-McCormack Lines 3543: 3000:Toscanini: The Man Behind The Legend 2809:plays Toscanini in a brief scene in 2543:; and Wagner's original overture to 1615:and a series of recordings with the 1283:and the North American premieres of 732:. Studio 8-H has been home to NBC's 67:adding citations to reliable sources 38: 6762:20th-century Italian male musicians 4578:Toscanini allegro con brio comment. 4246:. November 29, 2008. Archived from 3883:Catherine Milner (April 20, 2002). 2466:; the overture and bacchanale from 2355:'s Symphonies Nos. 88 and 104, and 2002:Mendelssohn, Incidental Music from 1997:Symphony No. 9 "From the New World" 750:Toscanini's recording sessions for 24: 4737:. UMI Dissertation Services, 1994. 4618: 4125:. January 13, 2009. Archived from 3629:. MOG.com. Retrieved June 7, 2012. 2312: 1953:(1952 and February 1948 broadcast) 1579: 1347:by Gnaga – Rome, November 15, 1892 552:In the 1930s, he conducted at the 25: 6848: 4824: 4773:Toscanini: Musician of Conscience 3969:"Toscanini Plays Two New Works." 2600:; the Prelude and Liebestod from 2525:Hungarian Dance No. 1 in G minor. 1908:Philharmonic-Symphony of New York 1861:Symphony No. 4 in E Minor Opus 98 1519:by Pizzetti – Milan, May 16, 1928 1233:. He also took an active role in 1114:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 6724: 6712: 6700: 6188: 5818: 5785: 5766: 5677: 5637: 5569: 5536: 5455: 4558:The Lives of the Great Composers 4503:"Search Results - - 173 Results" 4334:"Search Results - - 173 Results" 4309:"Toscanini, The Recorded Legend" 4123:"Toscanini: Hymn of the Nations" 3822:, November 27, 1939, 66–67 3051:Toscanini: The Maestro Revisited 3010:. The series was rebroadcast by 1851: 1177:, a historic home in Riverdale. 1119: 1093:, who sang in the broadcasts of 268: 43: 6802:Italian male conductors (music) 4766:The Letters of Arturo Toscanini 4673:Arturo Toscanini: The NBC Years 4640:Arturo Toscanini: The NBC Years 4583: 4547: 4520: 4495: 4486: 4461: 4436: 4411: 4370: 4351: 4326: 4300: 4288: 4272:. June 18, 2008. Archived from 4262: 4236: 4210: 4181: 4164: 4141: 4115: 4068: 4056: 4044: 4021: 4008: 3999: 3976: 3963: 3954: 3907: 3876: 3842: 3825: 3812: 3770: 3744: 3718: 3705: 3692: 3666: 3641: 3632: 3613: 3600: 3574: 3564: 3484: 3462: 3413: 3400: 3387: 3369:Toscanini: An Intimate Portrait 3360: 3341: 3325: 3302: 3299:, March 1, 1921 (advertisement) 3218:Arturo Toscanini: The NBC Years 3206:. SUGARco Edizioni. p. 36. 1046:Toscanini's family tomb at the 460:National and international fame 236: 54:needs additional citations for 4840:Talking About Arturo Toscanini 4744:. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1947. 4722:. New York: Hippocrene, 1982. 4706:, vol. 4, 1954, pp. 55–58 4148:Rosen, Peter (March 9, 2004), 3371:. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 98. 3309:Greg Daugherty (May 2, 2013). 3289: 3280: 3261: 3236: 3223: 3210: 3195: 3178: 3153: 2811:Florence Foster Jenkins (film) 2746:performed in the latter work. 2160:Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg 1701:Charles O'Connell on Toscanini 1656: 1597:Victor Talking Machine Company 1187: 520:In 1908, Toscanini joined the 503:Victor Talking Machine Company 360: 13: 1: 6261:Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli 4610:The Book of Musical Anecdotes 3675:"Toscanini: The Last Concert" 3190:Microcosmo. Theatro Imperial. 3146: 3080: 2637:'s "Nuages" and "Fêtes" from 2420: 1080:sang an excerpt from Verdi's 1029: 941: 738:since 1975. In January 1980, 594:New Mexico Symphony Orchestra 558:Israel Philharmonic Orchestra 333:[arˈtuːrotoskaˈniːni] 158: 27:Italian conductor (1867–1957) 6822:People from Riverdale, Bronx 5209:Arturo Toscanini discography 4785:Vienna: Reichner Verlag 1937 4742:The Other Side of the Record 4685:, New York: Atheneum, 1975. 4658:The Toscanini Musicians Knew 4654:Conversations with Toscanini 3837:The Juilliard Journal Online 3657:The Toscanini Musicians Knew 3336:Music: Toscanini at Bayreuth 3049:telecast a program entitled 2848:Arturo Toscanini, March 1934 2830:United States Postal Service 2021:Symphony No. 5 "Reformation" 1586:Arturo Toscanini discography 1554:, New York, November 5, 1938 1489:(completed by Toscanini and 1469:– New York, January 25, 1915 1204: 1170:playing with the conductor. 1048:Monumental Cemetery of Milan 973:Amahl and the Night Visitors 702:Radio Corporation of America 676:, placed him under constant 596:as a professional ensemble. 586:Master of the Sultan's Music 355: 7: 4882:Arturo Toscanini recordings 4873:20th Century Press Archives 4858:National Recording Registry 4533:. Oxford University Press. 3784:and Its Posthumous Prima". 3367:Chotzinoff, Samuel (1956). 3117:. Bah! For me it is simply 2171: 1590: 1443:– Bologna, December 5, 1905 1237:'s completion of Puccini's 1026:from several other operas. 564:, later conducting them in 10: 6853: 6787:Italian classical cellists 5141:Overture to Colas Breugnon 4820:Magazine, July/August 2002 4735:The NBC Symphony Orchestra 3420:Farrell, Nicholas (2005). 3202:Tarozzi, Giuseppe (1977). 3053:, written and narrated by 2990:is a satire of Toscanini. 2568:on November 3, 1951, with 2533:Symphony No. 40 in G minor 1583: 1479:– Milan, December 16, 1922 1417:– Milan, November 16, 1901 708:to visit the conductor in 590:Chicago Symphony Orchestra 540:. Toscanini conducted the 29: 6817:Parma Conservatory alumni 6588: 6535: 6333: 6121: 5837: 5504: 5453: 5279: 5201: 5172: 5126: 5078: 5071: 4989: 4940: 4935:Music Director, La Scala 4933: 4927: 4917: 4907: 4899: 4894: 3655:in 1967 (at pp. 54–55 of 3014:radio in the late 1970s. 2993: 2757:was nominated for a 1944 2701:Office of War Information 2276:Rehearsals and broadcasts 2060:Pictures at an Exhibition 2004:A Midsummer Night's Dream 1963:(1951 and 1948 broadcast) 1881:unless otherwise shown): 1850: 1845: 1544:First Essay for Orchestra 1407:– Milan, January 17, 1901 1369:– Turin, February 1, 1896 1105:, the Verdi Requiem, and 716:on December 25, 1937, in 246: 220: 212: 193: 168: 150: 143: 5937:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau 5186:Wanda Toscanini Horowitz 4768:, New York: Knopf, 2003. 4759:Reflections on Toscanini 4669:Reflections on Toscanini 4423:www.therealtoscanini.com 4363:August 17, 2004, at the 4196:. Movies & TV Dept. 3860:. London. Archived from 3286:Opera. June 1954, p. 334 2867:Toscanini: The NBC Years 2736:The Star-Spangled Banner 2472:; "Forest Murmurs" from 2329:Arturo Toscanini Society 2138:benefit concert held in 2014:Symphony No. 4 "Italian" 1742:High fidelity and stereo 1681:and his own compatriots 840:The Star-Spangled Banner 652:on May 14, 1931, at the 524:in New York, along with 6807:Music directors (opera) 6591:record label executives 5853:Victoria de los Ángeles 5498:Gramophone Hall of Fame 4665:Understanding Toscanini 4030:NBC Symphony Broadcasts 3046:The Bell Telephone Hour 2875:Understanding Toscanini 2694: 2515:program, including the 1453:– Milan, April 15, 1907 1427:– Milan, March 11, 1902 760:New York Public Library 592:and the founder of the 5223:Toscanini: The Maestro 4730:(includes discography) 4313:www.classicalnotes.net 4188:Matthew Tobey (2007). 3673:Peter Gutmann (1995). 3638:RCA Victor liner notes 3625:June 29, 2009, at the 3347:"Music: Lange's own", 3160:Sachs, Harvey (1978). 3027:Fiorello H. La Guardia 2976: 2920:'s most famous works, 2861:, Mortimer Frank, and 2849: 2770:Toscanini: The Maestro 2763:Best Documentary Short 2643:; and the overture of 2288: 1971:Philharmonia Orchestra 1865:Philharmonia Orchestra 1642:Philharmonia Orchestra 1630:Philadelphia Orchestra 1619:from 1937 to 1939 for 1617:BBC Symphony Orchestra 1552:NBC Symphony Orchestra 1493:) – Milan, May 1, 1924 1379:– Turin, March 6, 1897 1129: 1051: 947: 714:NBC Symphony Orchestra 693: 684:NBC Symphony Orchestra 584:, the son of the last 517: 403: 395:conductor, at age 19. 365:Toscanini was born in 350:NBC Symphony Orchestra 6797:Italian life senators 6505:Mstislav Rostropovich 6077:Elisabeth Schwarzkopf 5809:Michael Tilson Thomas 5272:New York Philharmonic 5039:La fanciulla del West 4224:on September 30, 2007 4206:on December 24, 2007. 3833:"A Toscanini Odyssey" 3571:archives.nyphil.org). 3525:. The Instrumentalist 3422:Mussolini: a New Life 3245:Encounters with Verdi 3187:, 5th July 1886 p.1: 3038:The Maestro Revisited 3008:American Record Guide 2957: 2847: 2817:Acclaim and criticism 2807:John Kavanagh (actor) 2283: 2199:(1940, on RCA Victor) 2140:Madison Square Garden 1613:New York Philharmonic 1457:La fanciulla del West 1319:(revised version) by 1224:La fanciulla del West 1157:second piano concerto 1140:on June 10, 1906, in 1127: 1045: 939: 756:On and Off The Record 691: 542:New York Philharmonic 515: 401: 346:New York Philharmonic 6812:Musicians from Parma 6589:Producers/engineers/ 6056:Anne Sofie von Otter 5647:Nikolaus Harnoncourt 5072:Orchestral premieres 4798:Simon & Schuster 4740:O'Connell, Charles, 4733:Meyer, Donald Carl, 4638:Frank, Mortimer H., 4250:on November 29, 2008 4192:Il Giovane Toscanini 3988:, RCA Red Seal, 2012 3854:"Conductor con brio" 3544:Ewen, David (1949). 3315:Smithsonian Magazine 3229:David Mason Greene, 3105:: "Some say this is 2929:An American in Paris 2783:Il giovane Toscanini 2719:La forza del destino 2541:Symphonic Variations 2445:. All of these were 2414:Symphonic Variations 2227:(1943, on Testament) 2187:(1938, on Testament) 2151:(1947 NBC broadcast) 2112:(1954 NBC broadcast) 2109:Un ballo in maschera 1822:Un Ballo in Maschera 1532:Orchestral premieres 1503:I Cavalieri di Ekebu 1262:Pelléas et Mélisande 1161:first piano concerto 1107:Un ballo in maschera 1064:Cimitero Monumentale 1018:Un Ballo in Maschera 956:Un Ballo in Maschera 849:, together with the 783:An American in Paris 526:Giulio Gatti-Casazza 63:improve this article 6579:The Tallis Scholars 6544:Alban Berg Quartett 6282:Sergei Rachmaninoff 6000:Dmitri Hvorostovsky 5668:Herbert von Karajan 5654:Christopher Hogwood 5628:Carlo Maria Giulini 5621:John Eliot Gardiner 5614:Wilhelm Furtwängler 5392:Dimitri Mitropoulos 5101:Essay for Orchestra 4779:Selden-Goth, Gisela 4764:Harvey Sachs, ed., 4507:UNT Digital Library 4378:"Kodaly's Symphony" 4338:UNT Digital Library 4172:Hymn of the Nations 4129:on January 13, 2009 4103:. Library.upenn.edu 4078:. Library.upenn.edu 3895:on October 21, 2014 3864:on October 21, 2014 3831:Frank, Mortimer H. 3758:on November 7, 2019 3715:, November 14, 1954 3522:The Instrumentalist 3334:, August 4, 1930: " 3321:on October 7, 2013. 3216:Mortimer H. Frank, 3185:Jornal do Commercio 3132:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 3086:Of German composer 3059:Harold C. Schonberg 3004:Giovanni Martinelli 2934:Piano Concerto in F 2914:Dmitri Shostakovich 2776:Hymn of the Nations 2755:Hymn of the Nations 2751:Hymn of the Nations 2706:Hymn of the Nations 2559:Robert Shaw Chorale 2521:Liebeslieder-Walzer 2215:Dmitri Shostakovich 1497:La Cena delle Beffe 1477:Ildebrando Pizzetti 1377:Arturo Buzzi-Peccia 1335:Ruggero Leoncavallo 1291:Dmitri Shostakovich 960:Symphony of the Air 908:transcription discs 900:Dmitri Shostakovich 846:Hymn of the Nations 826:Piano Concerto in F 778:Essay for Orchestra 744:Live From Studio 8H 735:Saturday Night Live 720:in New York City's 700:, president of the 613:Giovanni Martinelli 32:Toscanini (surname) 6827:RCA Victor artists 6565:The King's Singers 6498:Jean-Pierre Rampal 6470:Anne-Sophie Mutter 6289:Sviatoslav Richter 6186:Marc-André Hamelin 6151:Vladimir Ashkenazy 5881:Montserrat Caballé 5586:Sergiu Celibidache 5284:Ureli Corelli Hill 5226:(1985 documentary) 5094:Adagio for Strings 4990:Operatic premieres 4663:Horowitz, Joseph, 4633:This Was Toscanini 4604:, 1951; quoted in 4199:The New York Times 3971:The New York Times 3798:10.1093/oq/2.3.126 3713:The New York Times 3700:The New York Times 3608:The New York Times 3297:The New York Times 3119:allegro con brio." 2850: 2799:, and directed by 2727:Inno delle nazioni 2603:Tristan und Isolde 2369:' Symphony No. 4, 2289: 2196:Petrushka (ballet) 1839:Notable recordings 1814:Warner Music Group 1800:Damnation of Faust 1792:This Was Toscanini 1640:Orchestra and the 1625:His Master's Voice 1601:Camden, New Jersey 1539:Adagio for Strings 1491:Vincenzo Tommasini 1425:Alberto Franchetti 1327:, November 4, 1886 1311:Operatic premieres 1304:Adagio for Strings 1274:Tristan und Isolde 1159:and Tchaikovsky's 1130: 1052: 964:Gian Carlo Menotti 948: 792:Grand Canyon Suite 772:Adagio for Strings 722:Rockefeller Center 694: 538:Duca degli Abruzzi 522:Metropolitan Opera 518: 507:Camden, New Jersey 404: 371:Parma Conservatory 78:"Arturo Toscanini" 6688: 6687: 6679:Kenneth Wilkinson 6660:Goddard Lieberson 6379:Jacqueline du Pré 6296:Arthur Rubinstein 6205:Vladimir Horowitz 6063:Luciano Pavarotti 5795:Leopold Stokowski 5729:Yevgeny Mravinsky 5708:Charles Mackerras 5546:Leonard Bernstein 5464: 5463: 5398:Leonard Bernstein 5386:Leopold Stokowski 5356:Willem Mengelberg 5238: 5237: 5192:Vladimir Horowitz 5168: 5167: 4950: 4949: 4941:Succeeded by 4918:Succeeded by 4895:Cultural offices 4573:978-0-393-03857-6 4540:978-0-19-104402-1 4384:. August 16, 2015 3926:(1562): 378–379. 3920:The Musical Times 3496:archives.nypl.org 3164:. Da Capo Press. 2801:Franco Zeffirelli 2744:Westminster Choir 2259:Memorial Concert. 2221:Vasily Kalinnikov 2165:Salzburg Festival 2123:Salzburg Festival 2049:Salzburg Festival 1933:Roméo et Juliette 1899:"Pastoral" (1952) 1875: 1874: 1723:AFM recording ban 1706:Charles O'Connell 1345:Guglielmo Swarten 1153:Vladimir Horowitz 916:Sun Valley, Idaho 888:Leopold Stokowski 835:John Philip Sousa 726:Leopold Stokowski 706:Samuel Chotzinoff 650:Giuseppe Martucci 621:Aureliano Pertile 554:Salzburg Festival 402:Toscanini in 1908 344:in Milan and the 261: 260: 139: 138: 131: 113: 16:(Redirected from 6844: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6717: 6716: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6696: 6681: 6674: 6669: 6662: 6655: 6648: 6641: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6615: 6608: 6601: 6581: 6574: 6567: 6560: 6553: 6546: 6528: 6521: 6514: 6507: 6500: 6493: 6486: 6479: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6451: 6444: 6437: 6430: 6423: 6416: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6336:woodwind players 6326: 6319: 6312: 6305: 6298: 6291: 6284: 6277: 6275:Maurizio Pollini 6270: 6263: 6256: 6249: 6242: 6235: 6233:Gustav Leonhardt 6228: 6221: 6214: 6207: 6200: 6193: 6192: 6181: 6174: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6146: 6139: 6132: 6130:Leif Ove Andsnes 6114: 6112:Fritz Wunderlich 6107: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6079: 6072: 6065: 6058: 6051: 6044: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6021:Simon Keenlyside 6016: 6009: 6007:Gundula Janowitz 6002: 5995: 5988: 5981: 5974: 5967: 5965:Nicolai Ghiaurov 5960: 5958:Angela Gheorghiu 5953: 5946: 5944:Kirsten Flagstad 5939: 5932: 5930:Kathleen Ferrier 5925: 5918: 5911: 5909:Feodor Chaliapin 5904: 5897: 5890: 5883: 5876: 5869: 5862: 5855: 5848: 5830: 5823: 5822: 5816:Arturo Toscanini 5811: 5804: 5797: 5790: 5789: 5778: 5771: 5770: 5759: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5731: 5724: 5717: 5715:Neville Marriner 5710: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5682: 5681: 5670: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5642: 5641: 5630: 5623: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5593:Riccardo Chailly 5588: 5581: 5579:Benjamin Britten 5574: 5573: 5562: 5555: 5548: 5541: 5540: 5529: 5527:Daniel Barenboim 5522: 5515: 5491: 5484: 5477: 5468: 5467: 5459: 5362:Arturo Toscanini 5314:Adolf Neuendorff 5302:Leopold Damrosch 5290:Theodore Eisfeld 5265: 5258: 5251: 5242: 5241: 5180:Walter Toscanini 5076: 5075: 4983:Arturo Toscanini 4976: 4969: 4962: 4953: 4952: 4944:Victor de Sabata 4928:Preceded by 4909:Music Director, 4900:Preceded by 4892: 4891: 4831:Arturo Toscanini 4801: 4783:Arturo Toscanini 4720:Arturo Toscanini 4679:Marek, George R. 4612: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4561: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4473:ghostarchive.org 4465: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4448:ghostarchive.org 4440: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4374: 4368: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4304: 4298: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4276:on June 18, 2008 4266: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4202:. 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Wilson Co 3551: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3516: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3417: 3411: 3404: 3398: 3391: 3385: 3382: 3373: 3372: 3364: 3358: 3345: 3339: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3317:. Archived from 3306: 3300: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3278: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3240: 3234: 3227: 3221: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3199: 3193: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3157: 2974: 2923:Rhapsody in Blue 2797:Elizabeth Taylor 2793:C. Thomas Howell 2715:Burgess Meredith 2711:Alexander Hammid 2255:, Milan, 1948 – 2035:(1946 broadcast) 1855: 1854: 1843: 1842: 1796:Manhattan Center 1785: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1727:Columbia Records 1573:Elie Siegmeister 1467:Umberto Giordano 1463:Madame Sans-Gène 1441:Vittorio Gnecchi 1321:Alfredo Catalani 1280:Madama Butterfly 1182:Geraldine Farrar 970:for television, 946: 943: 862:Bernard Wagenaar 812:Rhapsody in Blue 692:Arturo Toscanini 633:Benito Mussolini 617:Geraldine Farrar 605:Feodor Chaliapin 450:, suggesting an 416:Alfredo Catalani 408:Teatro Carignano 335: 330: 326: 325: 322: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 306: 303: 300: 297: 294: 291: 287: 286: 283: 280: 277: 274: 264:Arturo Toscanini 240: 238: 226:Carla de Martini 205:Riverdale, Bronx 200: 197:January 16, 1957 187:Kingdom of Italy 178: 176: 163: 160: 155: 145:Arturo Toscanini 141: 140: 134: 127: 123: 120: 114: 112: 71: 47: 39: 21: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6842: 6841: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6725: 6723: 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3553: 3542: 3538: 3528: 3526: 3517: 3510: 3500: 3498: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3476: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3453: 3451: 3447:The Double reed 3444: 3443: 3439: 3432: 3418: 3414: 3405: 3401: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3376: 3365: 3361: 3357:online archive) 3346: 3342: 3330: 3326: 3307: 3303: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3266: 3262: 3255: 3241: 3237: 3228: 3224: 3215: 3211: 3200: 3196: 3183: 3179: 3172: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3088:Richard Strauss 3083: 3071:Erich Leinsdorf 3041: 2996: 2975: 2966: 2961: 2918:George Gershwin 2898:Igor Stravinsky 2886:Richard Strauss 2871:Joseph Horowitz 2819: 2788:Young Toscanini 2697: 2689:Martin Bookspan 2609:Götterdämmerung 2572:'s overture to 2498:'s overture to 2481:Götterdämmerung 2427:live television 2423: 2362:Ein Heldenleben 2357:Richard Strauss 2331: 2315: 2313:Recording guide 2300:with the young 2278: 2174: 2044:Die Zauberflöte 1858:Johannes Brahms 1852: 1841: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1744: 1714: 1703: 1675:Richard Strauss 1659: 1593: 1588: 1582: 1580:Recorded legacy 1534: 1451:Francesco Cilea 1405:Pietro Mascagni 1367:Giacomo Puccini 1313: 1250:Götterdämmerung 1207: 1190: 1122: 1032: 968:Christmas opera 944: 806:El Salón México 787:George Gershwin 686: 654:Teatro Comunale 629: 462: 378:Leopoldo Miguez 363: 358: 328: 288: 271: 267: 256:Wanda Toscanini 242: 234: 230: 227: 208: 202: 198: 189: 180: 174: 172: 164: 161: 146: 135: 124: 118: 115: 72: 70: 60: 48: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6850: 6840: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6734: 6733: 6721: 6709: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6675: 6670: 6663: 6656: 6649: 6642: 6640:Alain Lanceron 6637: 6630: 6623: 6620:C. Robert Fine 6616: 6609: 6606:Bernard Coutaz 6602: 6599:Emile Berliner 6594: 6592: 6586: 6585: 6583: 6582: 6575: 6572:Takács Quartet 6568: 6561: 6554: 6547: 6539: 6537: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6529: 6522: 6519:Andrés Segovia 6515: 6508: 6501: 6494: 6491:Itzhak Perlman 6487: 6484:Emmanuel Pahud 6480: 6477:David Oistrakh 6473: 6466: 6459: 6456:Yehudi Menuhin 6452: 6449:Albrecht Mayer 6445: 6438: 6431: 6424: 6421:Fritz Kreisler 6417: 6410: 6407:Heinz Holliger 6403: 6400:Jascha Heifetz 6396: 6389: 6382: 6375: 6368: 6361: 6354: 6347: 6339: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6324:Mitsuko Uchida 6320: 6313: 6310:Artur Schnabel 6306: 6299: 6292: 6285: 6278: 6271: 6268:Murray Perahia 6264: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6229: 6222: 6219:Wilhelm Kempff 6215: 6208: 6201: 6194: 6182: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6158:Alfred Brendel 6154: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6115: 6108: 6101: 6098:Kiri Te Kanawa 6094: 6091:Renata Tebaldi 6087: 6080: 6073: 6070:Leontyne Price 6066: 6059: 6052: 6045: 6042:Birgit Nilsson 6038: 6031: 6024: 6017: 6014:Jonas Kaufmann 6010: 6003: 5996: 5989: 5982: 5979:Thomas Hampson 5975: 5968: 5961: 5954: 5947: 5940: 5933: 5926: 5919: 5916:Joyce DiDonato 5912: 5905: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5877: 5874:Jussi Björling 5870: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5824: 5812: 5805: 5798: 5791: 5779: 5772: 5760: 5757:Trevor Pinnock 5753: 5746: 5743:Eugene Ormandy 5739: 5732: 5725: 5718: 5711: 5704: 5697: 5694:Rafael Kubelík 5690: 5687:Otto Klemperer 5683: 5675:Carlos Kleiber 5671: 5664: 5661:Mariss Jansons 5657: 5650: 5643: 5631: 5624: 5617: 5610: 5603: 5596: 5589: 5582: 5575: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5542: 5534:Thomas Beecham 5530: 5523: 5516: 5513:Claudio Abbado 5508: 5506: 5502: 5501: 5494: 5493: 5486: 5479: 5471: 5462: 5461: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5449: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5425: 5419: 5413: 5407: 5401: 5395: 5389: 5383: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5353: 5350:Josef Stránský 5347: 5341: 5338:Vasily Safonov 5335: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5293: 5287: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5268: 5267: 5260: 5253: 5245: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5230:Guido Cantelli 5227: 5219: 5211: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5176: 5174: 5170: 5169: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5160: 5158:Symphony No. 7 5150: 5149: 5148: 5146:Symphony No. 2 5143: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5106: 5105: 5104: 5097: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5073: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5064: 5063: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5009: 5008: 5007: 5006:(as a cellist) 4993: 4991: 4987: 4986: 4979: 4978: 4971: 4964: 4956: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4939: 4932: 4930:Tullio Serafin 4929: 4925: 4924: 4921:Tullio Serafin 4919: 4916: 4906: 4901: 4897: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4879: 4866: 4860: 4851: 4846: 4837: 4826: 4825:External links 4823: 4822: 4821: 4807: 4786: 4776: 4771:Harvey Sachs, 4769: 4762: 4757:Harvey Sachs, 4755: 4745: 4738: 4731: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4698: 4676: 4661: 4643: 4636: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4598:Howard Taubman 4582: 4572: 4546: 4539: 4519: 4494: 4485: 4460: 4435: 4410: 4395: 4382:Your Classical 4369: 4350: 4325: 4299: 4287: 4261: 4235: 4209: 4180: 4163: 4140: 4114: 4089: 4067: 4062:Harvey Sachs, 4055: 4043: 4033:, Testament UK 4020: 4014:Harvey Sachs, 4007: 3998: 3975: 3962: 3953: 3932:10.2307/955185 3906: 3875: 3841: 3824: 3811: 3792:(3): 126–132. 3769: 3743: 3717: 3704: 3691: 3665: 3640: 3631: 3612: 3610:, June 8, 1944 3599: 3573: 3563: 3536: 3508: 3483: 3461: 3437: 3430: 3412: 3399: 3386: 3374: 3359: 3340: 3324: 3301: 3288: 3279: 3260: 3253: 3235: 3222: 3209: 3194: 3177: 3170: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3143: 3140:Eleanor Powell 3128: 3121: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3082: 3079: 3063:Eugene Ormandy 3055:New York Times 3040: 3035: 2995: 2992: 2972:Howard Taubman 2964: 2909:Feu d'artifice 2890:Claude Debussy 2882:Virgil Thomson 2818: 2815: 2732:Internationale 2709:, directed by 2696: 2693: 2655:Symphony No. 5 2580:Symphony No. 1 2501:Der Freischutz 2492:Eugene Ormandy 2443:Ninth Symphony 2439:Richard Tucker 2422: 2419: 2396:Missa Solemnis 2375:Missa Solemnis 2349:German Requiem 2330: 2327: 2314: 2311: 2302:Renata Tebaldi 2277: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2260: 2239:, scenes from 2234: 2228: 2225:Symphony No. 1 2218: 2212: 2209:Franz Schubert 2206: 2200: 2188: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2152: 2143: 2126: 2113: 2104: 2092: 2078: 2075:Symphony No. 9 2068: 2052: 2036: 2024: 2017: 2007: 2000: 1990: 1978: 1964: 1961:Symphony No. 4 1957: 1954: 1951:Symphony No. 2 1947: 1944:Symphony No. 1 1937: 1925: 1922:Missa Solemnis 1918: 1915:Symphony No. 9 1911: 1904:Symphony No. 7 1900: 1897:Symphony No. 6 1893: 1890:Symphony No. 3 1873: 1872: 1869:on archive.org 1848: 1847: 1846:External audio 1840: 1837: 1833:Pristine Audio 1809:Guido Cantelli 1788:Missa Solemnis 1743: 1740: 1736:Eugene Ormandy 1713: 1710: 1702: 1699: 1658: 1655: 1592: 1589: 1584:Main article: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1566: 1563:Giuseppe Verdi 1555: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1520: 1514: 1506: 1500: 1494: 1480: 1473:Debora e Jaele 1470: 1460: 1454: 1444: 1434: 1428: 1418: 1415:Lorenzo Perosi 1408: 1398: 1392: 1386: 1380: 1370: 1360: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1341:, May 21, 1892 1328: 1312: 1309: 1295:Symphony No. 7 1206: 1203: 1189: 1186: 1121: 1118: 1031: 1028: 930:First Symphony 904:Symphony No. 7 854:Internationale 815:with soloists 718:NBC Studio 8-H 685: 682: 666:Costanzo Ciano 628: 625: 461: 458: 388:Rio de Janeiro 362: 359: 357: 354: 338:eidetic memory 259: 258: 248: 244: 243: 232: 228: 225: 224: 222: 218: 217: 214: 210: 209: 203: 201:(aged 89) 195: 191: 190: 181: 179:March 25, 1867 170: 166: 165: 156: 148: 147: 144: 137: 136: 119:September 2023 51: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6849: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6732: 6722: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6708: 6698: 6697: 6694: 6680: 6676: 6671: 6668: 6664: 6661: 6657: 6654: 6650: 6647: 6643: 6638: 6635: 6634:Klaus Heymann 6631: 6628: 6627:Fred Gaisberg 6624: 6621: 6617: 6614: 6610: 6607: 6603: 6600: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6587: 6580: 6576: 6573: 6569: 6566: 6562: 6559: 6555: 6552: 6548: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6534: 6527: 6526:John Williams 6523: 6520: 6516: 6513: 6509: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6488: 6485: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6471: 6467: 6464: 6460: 6457: 6453: 6450: 6446: 6443: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6429: 6425: 6422: 6418: 6415: 6411: 6408: 6404: 6401: 6397: 6394: 6390: 6387: 6383: 6380: 6376: 6373: 6369: 6366: 6362: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6348: 6345: 6344:Maurice André 6341: 6340: 6338: 6334:String/brass/ 6332: 6325: 6321: 6318: 6314: 6311: 6307: 6304: 6303:András Schiff 6300: 6297: 6293: 6290: 6286: 6283: 6279: 6276: 6272: 6269: 6265: 6262: 6258: 6255: 6251: 6248: 6244: 6241: 6237: 6234: 6230: 6227: 6226:Evgeny Kissin 6223: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6212:Stephen Hough 6209: 6206: 6202: 6199: 6198:Angela Hewitt 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6180: 6176: 6173: 6169: 6166: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6144:Claudio Arrau 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5629: 5625: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5560:Pierre Boulez 5557: 5554: 5550: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5521: 5517: 5514: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5492: 5487: 5485: 5480: 5478: 5473: 5472: 5469: 5458: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5410:Pierre Boulez 5408: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5344:Gustav Mahler 5342: 5339: 5336: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5296:Carl Bergmann 5294: 5291: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5278: 5273: 5266: 5261: 5259: 5254: 5252: 5247: 5246: 5243: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5151: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5125: 5117: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5107: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5090: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5077: 5074: 5070: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5014: 5013: 5010: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4999: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4972: 4970: 4965: 4963: 4958: 4957: 4954: 4945: 4936: 4926: 4922: 4913: 4912: 4904: 4903:Franco Faccio 4898: 4893: 4887: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4784: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4770: 4767: 4763: 4760: 4756: 4753: 4749: 4748:Sachs, Harvey 4746: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4732: 4729: 4728:0-88254-657-0 4725: 4721: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4703:High Fidelity 4699: 4696: 4692: 4691:0-689-10655-6 4688: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4671:and Frank in 4670: 4666: 4662: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4646:Haggin, B. H. 4644: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4629:Hupka, Robert 4627:(author) and 4626: 4625:Antek, Samuel 4623: 4622: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4579: 4575: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4559: 4550: 4542: 4536: 4532: 4531: 4523: 4508: 4504: 4498: 4489: 4474: 4470: 4464: 4449: 4445: 4439: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4407: 4402: 4400: 4383: 4379: 4373: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4354: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4314: 4310: 4303: 4296: 4295:Scott catalog 4291: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4193: 4184: 4178: 4174: 4173: 4167: 4153: 4152: 4144: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4102: 4096: 4094: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4059: 4052: 4047: 4032: 4031: 4024: 4018:, pp. 302–303 4017: 4011: 4002: 3987: 3986: 3979: 3972: 3966: 3957: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3910: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3879: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3838: 3834: 3828: 3821: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3773: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3731: 3727: 3721: 3714: 3708: 3701: 3695: 3680: 3676: 3669: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3635: 3628: 3624: 3621: 3616: 3609: 3603: 3588: 3584: 3583:"S.S. Brazil" 3577: 3567: 3550: 3549: 3540: 3524: 3523: 3515: 3513: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3473: 3472: 3465: 3449: 3448: 3441: 3433: 3431:1-84212-123-5 3427: 3423: 3416: 3409: 3403: 3396: 3390: 3384:Plaskin, 195. 3381: 3379: 3370: 3363: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3344: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3305: 3298: 3292: 3283: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3264: 3256: 3254:0-8014-9430-3 3250: 3246: 3239: 3232: 3226: 3219: 3213: 3205: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3173: 3171:0-306-80137-X 3167: 3163: 3156: 3152: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3078: 3076: 3075:Milton Katims 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3057:music critic 3056: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3039: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3020: 3017:In 1986, the 3015: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2991: 2989: 2984: 2982: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2956: 2954: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2910: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2894:Zoltán Kodály 2891: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2846: 2842: 2840: 2839:Aaron Copland 2835: 2834:Peter Gutmann 2831: 2827: 2826: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2777: 2772: 2771: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2759:Academy Award 2756: 2752: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2680:high fidelity 2677: 2672: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2664:Pines of Rome 2660: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2566:Carnegie Hall 2562: 2560: 2555: 2554: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2483: 2482: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2470: 2465: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2418: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2404: 2400: 2398: 2397: 2392: 2388: 2387:Rudolf Serkin 2384: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2287: 2282: 2270: 2269: 2268:Khovanshchina 2265:, Prelude to 2264: 2261: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2193:, Suite from 2192: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2166: 2162: 2161: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2124: 2120: 2119: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2065:Maurice Ravel 2062: 2061: 2056: 2053: 2051:; poor sound) 2050: 2046: 2045: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019:Mendelssohn, 2018: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1849: 1844: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1756: 1754: 1749: 1748:magnetic tape 1739: 1737: 1732: 1731:surface noise 1728: 1724: 1720: 1709: 1707: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1605:Carnegie Hall 1602: 1598: 1587: 1574: 1570: 1569:Western Suite 1567: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1548:Samuel Barber 1545: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1373:Forza d'Amore 1371: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1308: 1307: 1305: 1300: 1299:Samuel Barber 1296: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1286:Boris Godunov 1282: 1281: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1257: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1213: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1185: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1168: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1126: 1120:Personal life 1117: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1084: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1049: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1007: 1002: 1001: 996: 995: 990: 989: 984: 983: 977: 975: 974: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 938: 934: 931: 927: 926: 925:cause célèbre 919: 917: 911: 909: 905: 901: 897: 892: 889: 884: 883: 878: 874: 869: 867: 866:Howard Hanson 863: 859: 858:Abram Chasins 855: 852: 848: 847: 842: 841: 836: 832: 829:with pianist 828: 827: 822: 821:Benny Goodman 818: 814: 813: 809:; Gershwin's 808: 807: 802: 798: 794: 793: 788: 784: 780: 779: 774: 773: 768: 767:Samuel Barber 763: 761: 757: 753: 747: 745: 741: 737: 736: 731: 730:Carnegie Hall 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 698:David Sarnoff 690: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 646: 644: 643: 638: 637:March on Rome 634: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 601:Enrico Caruso 597: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 550: 548: 543: 539: 535: 534: 527: 523: 514: 510: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 483: 478: 474: 473: 468: 457: 455: 454: 449: 445: 441: 440: 435: 431: 430: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 400: 396: 392: 389: 385: 384: 379: 374: 372: 368: 353: 351: 347: 343: 339: 334: 324: 265: 257: 253: 250:3; including 249: 245: 223: 219: 215: 211: 206: 196: 192: 188: 184: 171: 167: 154: 149: 142: 133: 130: 122: 111: 108: 104: 101: 97: 94: 90: 87: 83: 80: – 79: 75: 74:Find sources: 68: 64: 58: 57: 52:This article 50: 46: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6667:Richard Mohr 6653:Edward Lewis 6646:Walter Legge 6613:John Culshaw 6512:Jordi Savall 6428:Gidon Kremer 6386:James Galway 6365:Pablo Casals 6358:Julian Bream 6351:Dennis Brain 6247:Dinu Lipatti 6122:Keyboardists 5888:Maria Callas 5846:Thomas Allen 5828:Bruno Walter 5815: 5802:George Szell 5776:Fritz Reiner 5764:Simon Rattle 5701:James Levine 5567:Adrian Boult 5434:Alan Gilbert 5428:Lorin Maazel 5404:George Szell 5380:Bruno Walter 5361: 5221: 5214: 5194:(son-in-law) 5153:Shostakovich 5128:US premieres 5115:Feste romane 5113: 5099: 5092: 5058: 5044: 5037: 5030: 5016: 5001: 4982: 4934: 4908: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4796:. New York: 4793: 4782: 4772: 4765: 4758: 4751: 4741: 4734: 4719: 4701: 4694: 4682: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4639: 4632: 4609: 4601: 4593: 4590:Mosco Carner 4585: 4577: 4557: 4549: 4529: 4522: 4510:. Retrieved 4506: 4497: 4488: 4476:. Retrieved 4472: 4463: 4451:. Retrieved 4447: 4438: 4426:. Retrieved 4422: 4413: 4406:Taubman 1951 4388:November 24, 4386:. Retrieved 4381: 4372: 4353: 4341:. Retrieved 4337: 4328: 4316:. Retrieved 4312: 4302: 4290: 4278:. Retrieved 4274:the original 4264: 4252:. Retrieved 4248:the original 4238: 4226:. Retrieved 4222:the original 4212: 4204:the original 4197: 4191: 4183: 4171: 4166: 4155:, retrieved 4150: 4143: 4131:. Retrieved 4127:the original 4117: 4105:. Retrieved 4080:. Retrieved 4070: 4063: 4058: 4050: 4046: 4035:, retrieved 4029: 4023: 4015: 4010: 4001: 3990:, retrieved 3984: 3978: 3970: 3965: 3956: 3923: 3919: 3909: 3897:. Retrieved 3893:the original 3888: 3878: 3866:. Retrieved 3862:the original 3857: 3844: 3836: 3827: 3819: 3814: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3772: 3760:. Retrieved 3756:the original 3746: 3734:. Retrieved 3729: 3720: 3712: 3707: 3699: 3694: 3682:. Retrieved 3678: 3668: 3656: 3643: 3634: 3615: 3607: 3602: 3590:. Retrieved 3586: 3576: 3566: 3554:. Retrieved 3547: 3539: 3527:. Retrieved 3521: 3499:. Retrieved 3495: 3486: 3475:, retrieved 3470: 3464: 3452:. Retrieved 3446: 3440: 3421: 3415: 3407: 3402: 3394: 3389: 3368: 3362: 3354: 3348: 3343: 3331: 3327: 3319:the original 3314: 3304: 3296: 3291: 3282: 3274: 3268: 3263: 3244: 3238: 3230: 3225: 3217: 3212: 3203: 3197: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3161: 3155: 3142:'s dancing." 3136:Grand Canyon 3124: 3100: 3067:George Szell 3054: 3050: 3044: 3042: 3037: 3031:Rose Bampton 3024: 3016: 2999: 2997: 2985: 2980: 2977: 2967: 2958: 2950: 2938: 2927: 2921: 2907: 2901: 2879: 2874: 2866: 2863:B. H. Haggin 2859:Harvey Sachs 2851: 2823: 2820: 2805: 2791:), starring 2786: 2782: 2780: 2775: 2768: 2767: 2754: 2750: 2748: 2725: 2721:and Verdi's 2718: 2704: 2698: 2673: 2669: 2662: 2650:William Tell 2648: 2638: 2628: 2620: 2614: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2578:and Brahms' 2573: 2563: 2551: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2506:Rachmaninoff 2499: 2485: 2479: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2430: 2424: 2412: 2405: 2401: 2394: 2380: 2374: 2360: 2348: 2342: 2334: 2332: 2322: 2318: 2316: 2297: 2290: 2266: 2246: 2240: 2194: 2184: 2183:Overture to 2175: 2158: 2146: 2129: 2116: 2107: 2098: 2058: 2042: 2030: 2003: 1984: 1975:Walter Legge 1931: 1879:NBC Symphony 1876: 1868: 1828: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1803: 1799: 1791: 1787: 1757: 1745: 1715: 1704: 1660: 1650:EMI Classics 1646:RCA Red Seal 1634:compact disc 1594: 1568: 1557:Overture to 1543: 1537: 1522: 1516: 1508: 1502: 1496: 1487:Arrigo Boito 1482: 1472: 1462: 1456: 1446: 1436: 1430: 1420: 1410: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1382: 1372: 1362: 1356: 1350: 1344: 1330: 1316: 1302: 1284: 1278: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1254: 1248: 1242: 1238: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1210: 1208: 1200: 1195:Harvey Sachs 1191: 1179: 1172: 1165: 1150: 1142:Buenos Aires 1131: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1088: 1081: 1078:Leyla Gencer 1073: 1067: 1053: 1037: 1033: 1022: 1016: 1010: 1004: 998: 992: 986: 980: 978: 971: 955: 951: 949: 929: 923: 920: 912: 893: 881: 870: 844: 838: 831:Oscar Levant 824: 810: 804: 790: 776: 770: 764: 755: 748: 743: 733: 695: 678:surveillance 674:phone tapped 661: 653: 647: 640: 630: 598: 551: 537: 532: 519: 480: 470: 463: 451: 447: 444:Arrigo Boito 437: 427: 419: 405: 393: 381: 375: 364: 263: 262: 199:(1957-01-16) 162: 1930s 125: 116: 106: 99: 92: 85: 73: 61:Please help 56:verification 53: 36: 6752:1957 deaths 6747:1867 births 6172:Glenn Gould 6165:Emil Gilels 6105:Bryn Terfel 6028:Emma Kirkby 5993:Hans Hotter 5860:Janet Baker 5783:Georg Solti 5722:Zubin Mehta 5600:Colin Davis 5416:Zubin Mehta 5320:Anton Seidl 5218:(1944 film) 5012:Leoncavallo 4854:NPR special 4107:November 1, 4082:November 1, 3899:October 21, 3868:October 21, 3762:November 7, 2981:La Traviata 2873:(author of 2854:revisionist 2591:Die Walküre 2487:Die Walküre 2435:Herva Nelli 2371:Mendelssohn 2242:Mefistofele 2203:Mendelssohn 2081:Tchaikovsky 2010:Mendelssohn 1920:Beethoven, 1913:Beethoven, 1902:Beethoven, 1895:Beethoven, 1657:Specialties 1644:. In 2012, 1517:Fra Gherado 1401:Le Maschere 1188:Innovations 1091:Herva Nelli 1058:section of 994:La Traviata 945: 1950 940:Toscanini, 877:ocean liner 797:Ferde Grofé 740:Zubin Mehta 670:Blackshirts 495:Tchaikovsky 477:Leoncavallo 361:Early years 157:Toscanini, 6741:Categories 5972:Tito Gobbi 5505:Conductors 5422:Kurt Masur 5188:(daughter) 5136:Kabalevsky 4938:1921–1929 4915:1898–1908 4818:Commentary 4781:, editor. 4358:Klassi.net 3730:Desert Sun 3684:October 9, 3147:References 3081:Quotations 2970:(1951) by 2953:metronomic 2948:believed. 2941:Studio 8-H 2932:, and the 2740:Jan Peerce 2685:Ben Grauer 2676:laser disc 2621:Rédemption 2545:Tannhäuser 2469:Tannhäuser 2451:kinescopes 2421:Television 2263:Mussorgsky 2191:Stravinsky 2055:Mussorgsky 1609:RCA Victor 1383:La Camargo 1357:Emma Liona 1138:diphtheria 1030:Last years 789:' and the 752:RCA Victor 662:Giovinezza 642:Giovinezza 609:Ezio Pinza 582:Hans Lange 578:Alexandria 453:allargando 213:Occupation 207:, New York 175:1867-03-25 89:newspapers 6731:Biography 6673:Ted Perry 6536:Ensembles 6254:Radu Lupu 6240:Lang Lang 5553:Karl Böhm 5326:Emil Paur 5032:La bohème 5018:Pagliacci 4804:Toscanini 4752:Toscanini 4695:Toscanini 4683:Toscanini 4602:Toscanini 4512:March 17, 4478:March 17, 4453:March 17, 4428:March 17, 4343:March 17, 4318:March 17, 4280:March 17, 4254:March 17, 4228:March 17, 4157:March 17, 4133:March 17, 4064:Toscanini 4037:March 17, 4016:Toscanini 3992:March 17, 3940:0027-4666 3889:Telegraph 3858:Telegraph 3808:. Online. 3806:0736-0053 3780:(1984). " 3736:March 17, 3501:March 17, 3477:March 17, 3408:Toscanini 3395:Toscanini 3162:Toscanini 3115:Mussolini 3043:In 1967, 2986:The song 2945:acoustics 2912:, two of 2903:Petrushka 2738:". 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