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Amonasro deceptively proclaims to the
Egyptians that the Ethiopian king (referring to himself) has been slain in battle. Aida, Amonasro, and the captured Ethiopians plead with the Egyptian King for mercy, but Ramfis and the Egyptian priests call for their death (Aida, Amneris, Radamès, The King, Amonasro, chorus: "Che veggo! .. Egli? .. Mio padre! .. Anch'io pugnai .. Struggi, o Re, queste ciurme feroci" / What do I see?.. Is it he? My father? .. Destroy, O King, these ferocious creatures).
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me si chiuse" / The fatal stone now closes over me). They accept their terrible fate (Radamès: "Morir! Sì pura e bella" / To die! So pure and lovely!) and bid farewell to Earth and its sorrows (duet "Invan! Tutto è finito ... O terra addio"). Above the vault in the temple of Ptah, Amneris weeps and prays to the goddess Isis. In the vault below, Aida dies in Radamès' arms as the priests, offstage, pray to the god Ptah. (Chorus, Aida, Radamès, Amneris: "Immenso Ftha" / Almighty Ptah).
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military secret to the enemy. Meanwhile, Amneris and Ramfis leave the temple, spot Radamès in conference with the enemy, and summon the imperial guards. Amonasro, armed with a dagger, intends to kill
Amneris and Ramfis before they can alert the guards, but Radamès disarms him. He swiftly instructs Amonasro to flee with Aida and surrenders himself to the guards, who arrest him as a traitor.
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1100:). This is followed by the installation of Radamès to the office of commander-in-chief (High Priestess, chorus, Ramfis, Radamès: "Immenso Ftha .. Mortal, diletto ai Numi" / O mighty one, guard and protect!). All present in the temple pray fervently for the victory of Egypt and protection for their warriors ("Nume, custode e vindice"/ Hear us, O guardian deity).
1005:. For the first production, Mariette went to great efforts to make the sets and costumes authentic. Considering the consistent artistic styles throughout the 3000-year history of ancient Egypt, a given production does not particularly need to choose a specific time period within the larger frame of ancient Egyptian history.
301:(acts 2 and 3), and shipped to Cairo. Although Verdi did not attend the premiere in Cairo, he was most dissatisfied with the fact that the audience consisted of invited dignitaries, politicians and critics, but no members of the general public. He therefore considered the Italian (and European) première, held at
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The original draft included a speech by Aida (excised from the final version) that explained her presence beneath the Temple: "My heart knew your sentence. For three days I have waited here." The line most familiar to audiences translates as: "My heart forewarned me of your condemnation. In this tomb
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Offstage, Ramfis recites the charges against Radamès and calls on him to defend himself, but he stands mute, and is condemned to death as a traitor. Amneris, who remains onstage, protests that Radamès is innocent, and pleads with the priests to show mercy. The priests sentence him to be buried alive;
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Amonasro appears and orders Aida to find out the location of the
Egyptian army from Radamès. Aida, torn between her love for Radamès and her loyalty to her native land and to her father, reluctantly agrees. (Aida, Amonasro: "Ciel, mio padre! .. Rivedrai le foreste imbalsamate" / Once again shalt thou
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Ramfis, the high priest of Egypt, tells Radamès, the young warrior, that war with the
Ethiopians seems inevitable, and Radamès hopes that he will be chosen as the Egyptian commander (Ramfis, Radamès: "Sì, corre voce l'Etiope ardisca" / Yes, it is rumored that Ethiopia dares once again to threaten our
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Claiming the reward promised by the King of Egypt, Radamès pleads with him to spare the lives of the prisoners and to set them free. The King grants Radamès' wish, and declares that he (Radamès) will be his (the King's) successor and will marry the King's daughter (Amneris). (Aida, Amneris, Radamès,
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Radamès has been taken into the lower floor of the temple and sealed up in a dark vault, where he thinks that he is alone. As he hopes that Aida is in a safer place, he hears a sigh and then sees Aida. She has hidden herself in the vault in order to die with Radamès (Radamès: "La fatal pietra sovra
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To facilitate their escape, Radamès suggests using a secure route free from the risk of discovery and discloses the location his army plans to attack. Upon hearing this, Amonasro emerges from hiding and reveals his true identity. Radamès, horrified, realizes he has inadvertently divulged a critical
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Dances and music to celebrate Radamès' victory take place (Chorus, Amneris: "Chi mai fra gli inni e i plausi" / Our songs his glory praising). However, Amneris is still in doubt about Radamès' love and wonders whether Aida is in love with him. She tries to forget her doubt, entertaining her worried
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to be the leader of the army (The King, Messenger, Radamès, Aida, Amneris, Ramfis, chorus: "Alta cagion v'aduna .. Guerra, guerra, guerra!" / Oh fate o'er Egypt looming .. War, war, war!). Upon receiving this mandate from the King, Radamès proceeds to the temple of Vulcan to take up the sacred arms
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as Radamès. Alagna subsequently made the headlines when he was booed for his rendition of "Celeste Aida" during the second performance, walked off the stage, and was dismissed from the remainder of the run. The production continued to cause controversy in 2014 when
Zeffirelli protested La Scala's
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Prayers are said (Chorus, High
Priestess, Ramfis, Amneris: "O tu che sei d'Osiride" / O thou who to Osiris art) on the eve of Amneris and Radamès' wedding in the Temple of Isis. Outside, Aida waits to meet with Radamès as they had planned (Aida: "Qui Radamès verra .. O patria mia" / Oh, my dear
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When Aida enters the chamber, Amneris asks everyone to leave. By falsely telling Aida that Radamès has died in the battle, she tricks her into professing her love for him. In grief, and shocked by the news, Aida confesses that her heart belongs to Radamès eternally (Amneris, Aida: "Fu la sorte
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The
Egyptian king decrees that on this day the triumphant Radamès may have anything he wishes. The Ethiopian captives are led onstage in chains, Amonasro among them. Aida immediately rushes to her father, who whispers to her to conceal his true identity as King of Ethiopia from the Egyptians.
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She asks Radamès to deny the accusations, but Radamès, who does not wish to live without Aida, refuses. He is relieved to know Aida is still alive and hopes she has reached her own country (Amneris, Radamès: "Già i
Sacerdoti adunansi" / Already the priests are assembling).
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Aida appears and, when Radamès sees her, Amneris notices that he looks disturbed. She suspects that Aida could be her rival, but is able to hide her jealousy and approach Aida (Amneris, Aida, Radamès: "Vieni, o diletta, appressati" / Come, O delight, come closer).
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Ramfis, The King, Amonasro, chorus: "O Re: pei sacri Numi! .. Gloria all'Egitto" / O King, by the sacred gods ... Glory to Egypt!). At Ramfis' suggestion to the King, Aida and
Amonasro remain as hostages to ensure that the Ethiopians do not avenge their defeat.
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Radamès affirms that he will marry Aida ("Pur ti riveggo, mia dolce Aida .. Nel fiero anelito"; "Fuggiam gli ardori inospiti .. Là, tra foreste vergini" / I see you again, my sweet Aida!), and Aida convinces him to flee to the desert with her.
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This confession fires
Amneris with rage, and she plans on taking revenge on Aida. Ignoring Aida's pleadings (Amneris, Aida, chorus: "Su! del Nilo al sacro lido" / Up! at the sacred shores of the Nile), Amneris leaves her alone in the chamber.
267:" variety to replace the original prelude. However, in the end he decided not to have the overture performed because of its—his own words—"pretentious silliness". This overture, never used today, was given a rare broadcast performance by
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and Testament. The audio portion of the broadcast, including some remakes in June 1954, was released on LP and CD by RCA Victor. Other notable performances from this period include a 1955 performance conducted by Tullio Serafin with
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Amneris weeps and curses the priests as he is taken away (Judgment scene, Amneris, Ramfis, and chorus: "Ahimè! .. morir mi sento .. Radamès, è deciso il tuo fato" / Alas .. I feel death .. Radamès, your fate is decided).
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Amneris, the daughter of the Egyptian King, enters the hall. She too loves Radamès, but fears that his heart belongs to someone else (Radamès, Amneris: "Quale insolita gioia nel tuo sguardo" / In your looks I trace an
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The King enters, along with the High Priest, Ramfis, and the whole palace court. A messenger announces that the Ethiopians, led by King Amonasro, are marching towards
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The Victrola Book of the Opera: Stories of One Hundred and Twenty Operas with Seven-Hundred Illustrations and Descriptions of Twelve-Hundred Victor Opera Records
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Solemn ceremonies and dances by the priestesses take place (High Priestess, chorus, Radamès: "Possente Ftha ... Tu che dal nulla" / O mighty
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Amneris desires to save Radamès ("L'aborrita rivale a me sfuggia" / My hated rival has escaped me). She calls for the guard to bring him to her.
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Alone in the hall, Aida feels torn between her love for her father, her country, and Radamès (Aida: "Ritorna vincitor!" / Return a conqueror!).
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was received with great enthusiasm at its Milan première. The opera was soon mounted at major opera houses throughout Italy, including the
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met with great acclaim when it finally opened in Cairo on 24 December 1871. The costumes and accessories for the première were designed by
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Verdi originally chose to write a brief orchestral prelude instead of a full overture for the opera. He then composed an overture of the "
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Radamès dreams both of gaining victory on the battlefield and of Aida, an Ethiopian slave, with whom he is secretly in love (Radamès: "
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1400:, is based on the opera and uses Verdi's music. The opera has been adapted for motion pictures on several occasions, most notably in
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in Kazakhstan without his permission. According to Zeffirelli, the move had doomed his production to an "infamous and brutal" fate.
201:, proposed to Khedive Pasha a plot for a celebratory opera set in ancient Egypt. Khedive Pasha referred Mariette to theatre manager
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has been sung more than 1,100 times since 1886. Ghislanzoni's scheme follows a scenario often attributed to the French Egyptologist
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Auguste Mariette to Paul Draneht (General Manager of the Cairo Opera House), Paris, 28 September 1871. (Translated and annotated),
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1024:. To complicate the story further, the King's daughter Amneris is in love with Radamès, although he does not return her feelings.
205:, who sent Mariette's story idea to Verdi. Eventually, Verdi agreed to compose an opera based on that story, for 150,000 francs.
154:. Today the work holds a central place in the operatic canon, receiving performances every year around the world. At New York's
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Priests, priestesses, ministers, captains, soldiers, officials, Ethiopians, slaves and prisoners, Egyptians, animals and chorus
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Scene 2: The lower portion of the stage shows the vault in the Temple of Ptah; the upper portion represents the temple itself
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Opening and close of act 4, scene 2, "La fatal pietra" and "Morir! Sì pura e bella", with some cuts in the middle, sung by
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princess. An Egyptian military commander, Radamès, struggles to choose between his love for her and his loyalty to the
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The libretto does not specify a precise time period, so it is difficult to place the opera more specifically than the
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A complete concert version of the opera was given in New York City in 1949. Conducted by Toscanini with
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that was opened for you I entered secretly. Here, away from human sight, in your arms I wish to die."
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television network. Due to the length of the opera, it was divided into two telecasts, preserved on
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Scene 1: A hall in the Temple of Justice. To one side is the door leading to Radamès' prison cell
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on 8 February 1872, and a performance in which he was heavily involved at every stage, to be its
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continues to be a staple of the standard operatic repertoire. It is frequently performed in the
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gaze). When Radamès arrives, Amonasro hides behind a rock and listens to their conversation.
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Poster for a 1908 production in Cleveland, showing the triumphal scene in act 2, scene 2
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into the city (Chorus, Ramfis: "Gloria all'Egitto, ad Iside" / Glory to Egypt, to Isis!).
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slaves (Chorus, Amneris: "Vieni: sul crin ti piovano" / Come bind your flowing tresses).
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Scene 1: A hall in the King's palace; through the rear gate the pyramids and temples of
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sang as Aida. The opera's story, but not its music, was used as the basis for a 1998
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1080:. The King declares war and proclaims that Radamès is the man chosen by the goddess
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as Amonasro, Georges-François Menu as the King, and Auguste Boudouresque as Ramphis.
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of Egypt, commissioned Verdi to write an opera to celebrate the opening of the
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dell'armi a' tuoi funesta" / The battle's outcome was cruel for your people).
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and had its première there on 24 December 1871, in a performance conducted by
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Because the scenery and costumes were stuck in the French capital during the
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as Aida and Richard Tucker as Radamès and a 1959 performance conducted by
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for the opening night of its 2006/2007 season. The production starred
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making his debut as the King. This performance was conducted by Verdi.
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2297:(3rd, revised ed.). Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield.
1983:
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The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal 1870-1914
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to recordings by actual opera singers. In the case of the 1953 film,
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Verdi's Aida: A Record of the Life of the Opera On and Off the Stage
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481:, Paris, with almost the same cast as the Milan premiere, but with
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1770:"Biography of Josephine Schefsky at theaterspielen.ch (in German)"
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1440:. The opera has been portrayed in the 2001 Italian animated film
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Verdi's Aida. The History of an Opera in Letters and Documents
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New York: Knopf, 1962, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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34:
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2494:, ed. Naomi Matsumoto (pp. 263–286). Turnhout: Brepols.
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Forment, Bruno (2015). "Staging Verdi in the Provinces: The
2095:"Aida and Ancient Egyptian History on the Met Opera website"
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1396:, set on a plantation in Tennessee in the first year of the
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Non muore la musica – La vita e l'opera di Arturo Toscanini
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Philippe Chaperon's act 4, scene 2 set design for the 1880
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The Operas of Verdi, Volume 3: From Don Carlos to Falstaff
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in New York City, with Ostava Torriani in the title role,
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Nineteenth-Century Italian Opera: From Rossini to Puccini
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Verdi had also written the role of Aida for the voice of
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982:: 6 Egyptian trumpets ("Aida trumpets"), military band,
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eventually premiered in Cairo on Christmas Eve of 1871.
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was performed instead. The first opera performed at the
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Pitt, Charles; Hassan, Tarek H. A. (1992). "Cairo". In
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The Cairo Opera House could only hold 850 spectators (
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2467:. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.
2015:
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Act 2, scene 2, set design for the Cairo premiere by
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Australia: 6 September 1877, Royal Theatre, Melbourne
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Details of important national and other premières of
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on 30 March 1940, but was never commercially issued.
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This article is about the opera. For other uses, see
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1016:: The Egyptians have captured and enslaved Aida, an
2355:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
366:as Amneris and Franco Novara as the King), and the
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2622:, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
2319:. London & New York: Oxford University Press.
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1988:Performances during the 2008/09 to 2012/13 seasons
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2407:"Looking at Ancient Egypt, Seeing Modern America"
1254:On the banks of the Nile, near the Temple of Isis
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1047:Se quel guerrier io fossi! ... Celeste Aida
412:headquarters of the Bank of the Argentine Nation
2839:Synopsis, commentary, music analysis, anecdotes
2253:Dictionary of the Australian Theatre, 1788–1914
2233:Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers
2003:(in Italian). Economic Veronese. 23 August 2018
2001:"Aida alla recita 14 per l'opera Festival 2018"
2463:De Van, Gilles (trans. Gilda Roberts) (1998).
2184:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
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2531:. 2nd ed. rev., (Accessed 19 September 2010)
2465:Verdi's Theater: Creating Drama Through Music
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1190:Scene 2: The grand gate of the city of Thebes
535:, Paris: 22 March 1880, sung in French, with
3491:Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi
2502:Divas and Scholars: Performing Italian Opera
561:) in the title role, Carl Zobel as Radamès,
557:, with Therese Herbert-Förster (the wife of
2620:The New Grove Guide to Verdi and His Operas
553:, New York: 12 November 1886, conducted by
433:as Amonasro, and Evasio Scolara as the King
406:Argentina: 4 October 1873, at the original
239:Cairo premiere and initial success in Italy
178:Elements of the opera's genesis and sources
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2774:, 1900 publication, English, digitized by
2349:Sadie, Stanley; Macy, Laura, eds. (2006).
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1800:Ek Biography at operissimo.com (in German)
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1568:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p.
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1194:Radamès returns victorious and the troops
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289:'s scene painters Auguste-Alfred Rubé and
51:Cover of a very early vocal score, c. 1872
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2767:International Music Score Library Project
2561:, translated by Richard Salinger (1921).
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2504:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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1665:
3932:
2405:Weisgall, Deborah (14 November 1999).
2229:
2153:
2089:
2087:
2021:
1993:
1532:
543:as Amnéris, Henri Sellier as Radamès,
247:Radamès (Giuseppe Fancelli) and Aida (
233:
3758:
2848:
2429:L'Opéra au Palais Garnier (1875–1962)
2426:
2250:
2206:
2175:
1829:
1756:
1720:
1617:
1604:
117:
2815:, Indiana University School of Music
2813:William and Gayle Cook Music Library
1793:
1648:in Letters and Contemporary Reviews"
632:as Radamès, it was televised on the
2722:New York: Oxford University Press.
2639:, Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press.
2215:. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press.
2084:
2045:. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia
1682:. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia
1283:Set design for act 4 scene 2 (1872)
667:mounted a lavish new production of
170:argues that the source is actually
16:1871 tragic opera by Giuseppe Verdi
13:
2874:
2784:, Synopsis – libretto – highlights
2670:Giuseppe Verdi: His Life and Works
2604:, vol. 1. London: Macmillan, 1998
2541:New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.
2457:
1333:
1216:
1138:
1092:Scene 2: Inside the Temple of Ptah
901:
696:, and is a staple of its renowned
14:
3981:
2772:Aïda : an opera in four acts
2754:
2601:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
2539:Verdi: His Music, Life and Times.
2344:. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan.
2341:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
1416:. In both cases, the lead actors
640:, and later released on video by
417:United States: 26 November 1873,
3917:
3740:
3739:
3690:Giuseppe Verdi's Rigoletto Story
3418:
2699:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
2255:. Sydney: Hale & Iremonger.
1349:
1291:
1232:
1176:Problems playing this file? See
1154:
710:Roles, voice types, premier cast
684:rental of the production to the
251:) in act 4, scene 2 of the 1872
2833:Libretto in Italian and English
2661:. New York: Simon and Schuster.
2564:The Opera Goer's Complete Guide
2445:Paris: Slatkine (1983 reprint)
2388:The Letters of Arturo Toscanini
2211:Arturo Toscanini: The NBC Years
2127:
2117:
2065:
2052:
2027:
1977:
1964:Day, Michael (9 October 2014).
1958:
1938:
1912:
1889:
1870:
1851:
1823:
1636:
1497:from the original on 2022-10-09
1150:Grand March from act 2, scene 2
1109:Scene 1: The chamber of Amneris
382:Other 19th-century performances
193:, but Verdi declined. However,
3868:Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida
2931:I Lombardi alla prima crociata
2901:Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio
2804:Complete libretto of the opera
2741:Verdi: The Man and His Letters
2720:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
2537:Martin, George Whitney (1963).
2524:The Oxford Dictionary of Music
2490:Scenery of Albert Dubosq", in
2236:. Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd.
2058:The High Priestess's name was
1949:"Booed tenor quits La Scala's
1623:
1610:
1553:
1473:
1381:
587:Rio de Janeiro: 30 June 1886,
488:United Kingdom: 22 June 1876,
255:European première (drawing by
1:
2649:Rous, Samual Holland (1924).
2135:My Darlin' Aida
1876:Collins, Liat (4 June 2011).
1582:– via Internet Archive.
1467:
1453:
521:Stockholm: 16 February 1880,
3710:Casa di Riposo per Musicisti
3455:Theatres named after Verdi (
2653:. Victor Talking Machine Co.
2575:The Complete Operas of Verdi
2278:. New York: Penguin Putnam.
2230:Greene, David Mason (1985).
880:Voice of the High Priestess
764:Antonietta Anastasi-Pozzoni
329:
7:
3965:Operas set in ancient Egypt
3449:Memorials to Giuseppe Verdi
2835:, Online Library of Liberty
2819:Aria Database list of arias
2577:, New York: Da Capo Press.
2293:Loewenberg, Alfred (1978).
2276:The New Penguin Opera Guide
1008:
468:Hungarian State Opera House
10:
3986:
3559:Portrait of Giuseppe Verdi
2743:, New York, Vienna House.
2370:Tarozzi, Giuseppe (1977).
2147:
2140:Internet Broadway Database
2033:Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).
1680:"Aida performance history"
1678:Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).
1560:McCullough, David (1977).
1481:"What to Expect from Aida"
1457:
988:
390:Verdi conducting the 1880
378:as Amneris) among others.
360:Teatro Comunale di Bologna
328:filled the gap. The Milan
79:24 December 1871
18:
3970:Operas adapted into films
3886:
3851:
3833:
3798:
3736:
3701:
3620:
3579:Verdi, the King of Melody
3549:
3440:
3407:String Quartet in E minor
3378:
3275:
3192:
2891:
2882:
2659:A Treasury of Grand Opera
2295:Annals of Opera 1597–1940
2207:Frank, Morton H. (2002).
1923:"Zeffirelli's triumphant
892:
589:Theatro Lyrico Fluminense
362:(30 September 1877, with
142:, it was commissioned by
74:
66:
56:
44:
33:
28:
3940:Operas by Giuseppe Verdi
3247:Libiamo ne' lieti calici
2657:Simon, Henry W. (1946).
2492:Staging Verdi and Wagner
2427:Wolff, Stéphane (1962).
2352:The Grove Book of Operas
2313:Phillips-Matz, Mary Jane
1990:. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
1974:. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
1955:. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
1935:. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
1886:. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
1858:"Interesting bits about
1430:musical of the same name
1274:
1209:
1164:Recorded in 2002 by the
1114:heart with the dance of
1103:
1027:
703:
616:production performed at
466:Hungary: 10 April 1875,
455:Austria: 29 April 1874,
436:Germany: 20 April 1874,
358:(26 December 1874), the
210:Siege of Paris (1870–71)
3945:Italian-language operas
3484:Giuseppe Verdi Monument
3211:Bella figlia dell'amore
3031:La battaglia di Legnano
2718:and West, Ewan (1992).
2533:(subscription required)
2270:Kimbell, David (2001).
2062:in early documentation.
1696:McCants, Clyde (2005).
1424:sang as Amneris, while
1414:1987 Swedish production
872:Luigi Stecchi-Bottardi
792:daughter of the Pharaoh
604:20th century and beyond
475:Théâtre-Lyrique Italien
473:France: 22 April 1876,
168:Mary Jane Phillips-Matz
166:, but Verdi biographer
3091:Les vêpres siciliennes
2675:Walker, Frank (1982).
2618:Parker, Roger (2007).
2431:. Paris: L'Entr'acte.
1631:Pitt & Hassan 1992
1338:
1284:
1221:
1143:
1129:
1073:
998:
679:in the title role and
621:
492:, Covent Garden, with
395:
370:(8 October 1881, with
356:Teatro Regio di Torino
299:Jean-Baptiste Lavastre
273:NBC Symphony Orchestra
260:
3256:Un dì, felice, eterea
1548:Sadie & Macy 2006
1337:
1308:performance in Paris
1282:
1220:
1142:
1124:
1067:
996:
844:Francesco Pandolfini
755:an Ethiopian princess
611:
389:
346:(20 April 1872), the
344:Teatro Regio di Parma
246:
224:Khedivial Opera House
148:Khedivial Opera House
91:Khedivial Opera House
21:Aida (disambiguation)
3875:Written in the Stars
3718:Verdi Transcriptions
3368:Un ballo in maschera
3314:La forza del destino
3141:La forza del destino
3131:Un ballo in maschera
2885:List of compositions
2788:"Synopsis, libretto"
2251:Irvin, Eric (1985).
2176:Busch, Hans (1978).
1947:(11 December 2006).
1919:Christiansen, Rupert
813:Captain of the Guard
512:Bavarian State Opera
354:(11 June 1873), the
257:Leopoldo Metlicovitz
140:Old Kingdom of Egypt
3550:Cultural depictions
3429:Quattro pezzi sacri
3277:Opera discographies
2701:. Pearson Longman.
2374:. Sugarco Edizioni.
2161:. London: Cassell.
1932:The Daily Telegraph
1921:(9 December 2006).
1878:"Conquering Masada"
1864:by Jill Leahy, via
1620:, pp. 224–225.
1518:, pp. 570–573.
712:
651:Herbert von Karajan
523:Royal Swedish Opera
348:Teatro di San Carlo
293:(acts 1 and 4) and
234:Performance history
214:Franco-Prussian War
136:Antonio Ghislanzoni
61:Antonio Ghislanzoni
3477:Milan Conservatory
3398:Inno delle nazioni
3379:Other compositions
3101:I vespri siciliani
2911:Un giorno di regno
2841:, opera-inside.com
2793:2021-11-28 at the
2672:, New York: Knopf.
2412:The New York Times
2317:Verdi: A Biography
1883:The Jerusalem Post
1836:, pp. 652–653
1834:Phillips-Matz 1993
1805:2012-01-11 at the
1733:Phillips-Matz 1993
1516:Phillips-Matz 1993
1398:American Civil War
1339:
1285:
1222:
1144:
1130:
1127:Édouard Desplechin
1074:
999:
841:Francesco Steller
825:Giuseppe Fancelli
774:The King of Egypt
735:Giovanni Bottesini
708:
686:Astana Opera House
622:
551:Metropolitan Opera
516:Josephine Schefsky
502:Francesco Graziani
457:Vienna State Opera
442:Mathilde Mallinger
438:Berlin State Opera
396:
326:Giovanni Bottesini
295:Édouard Desplechin
261:
156:Metropolitan Opera
152:Giovanni Bottesini
3905:
3904:
3823:Aida of the Trees
3752:
3751:
3592:(1982 miniseries)
3589:The Life of Verdi
3526:Verdi, California
3238:La donna è mobile
2708:978-1-4058-8117-3
2628:978-0-19-531314-7
2451:978-2-05-000214-2
2380:Toscanini, Arturo
2362:978-0-19-538711-7
2304:978-0-87471-851-5
2201:978-0-8166-5715-5
2191:978-0-8166-0798-3
1448:Aida degli alberi
1443:Aida of the Trees
1402:a 1953 production
1354:
1345:"La fatal pietra"
1237:
1159:
1070:Philippe Chaperon
899:
898:
886:Marietta Allievi
739:European premiere
673:Franco Zeffirelli
612:A scene from the
529:in the title role
525:in Swedish, with
490:Royal Opera House
483:Édouard de Reszke
423:Annie Louise Cary
364:Giuseppina Pasqua
350:(30 March 1873),
291:Philippe Chaperon
172:Temistocle Solera
100:
99:
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3702:Related articles
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2765:: Scores at the
2712:
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2633:Pistone, Danièle
2571:Osborne, Charles
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2097:. Archived from
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2048:
2043:8 February 1872"
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1866:Pittsburgh Opera
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1166:U.S. Marine Band
1161:
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875:Luigi Vistarini
832:King of Ethiopia
801:Eleonora Grossi
785:Paride Pavoleri
726:24 December 1871
713:
711:
707:
597:Arturo Toscanini
583:
537:Gabrielle Krauss
500:as Radamès, and
498:Ernesto Nicolini
448:as Radamès, and
419:Academy of Music
283:Auguste Mariette
269:Arturo Toscanini
203:Camille du Locle
195:Auguste Mariette
164:Auguste Mariette
126:in four acts by
121:
119:[aˈiːda]
116:
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3388:Suona la tromba
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3104:(December 1855)
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2809:Piano reduction
2795:Wayback Machine
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2709:
2689:
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2554:
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2529:Michael Kennedy
2498:Gossett, Philip
2460:
2458:Further reading
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1971:The Independent
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1807:Wayback Machine
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1412:as Aida, and a
1408:as Amneris and
1393:My Darlin' Aida
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902:Instrumentation
822:Pietro Mongini
744:
743:La Scala, Milan
742:
741:8 February 1872
740:
729:
727:
725:
709:
706:
606:
593:Leopoldo Miguez
577:
573:as Ramfis, and
563:Marianne Brandt
479:Salle Ventadour
427:Italo Campanini
384:
372:Theresia Singer
368:Teatro Costanzi
241:
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212:of the ongoing
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3786:Giuseppe Verdi
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2778:on archive.org
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2755:External links
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2677:The Man Verdi.
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2290:
2284:
2272:Holden, Amanda
2267:
2261:
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2227:
2221:
2204:
2190:
2173:
2167:
2155:Budden, Julian
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2126:
2116:
2104:
2101:on 2003-05-03.
2083:
2081:, 7 March 2016
2064:
2051:
2026:
2024:, p. 160.
2014:
1992:
1976:
1957:
1937:
1911:
1888:
1869:
1850:
1838:
1832:, p. 27;
1822:
1810:
1792:
1761:
1749:
1747:, p. 983.
1737:
1735:, p. 628.
1725:
1713:
1707:978-0786423286
1706:
1688:
1664:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1597:
1595:, p. 366.
1593:Toscanini 2002
1585:
1578:
1552:
1537:
1535:, p. 622.
1520:
1508:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1458:Main article:
1455:
1452:
1426:Renata Tebaldi
1404:which starred
1383:
1380:
1358:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1306:Palais Garnier
1300:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1276:
1273:
1241:
1231:
1228:"O patria mia"
1226:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1173:
1163:
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1148:
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1105:
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1068:Set design by
1029:
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890:
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861:Ormоndo Maini
859:
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845:
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839:
834:
827:
826:
823:
820:
815:
808:
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805:Maria Waldmann
802:
799:
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787:
786:
783:
782:Tommaso Costa
780:
775:
771:
770:
765:
762:
757:
750:
749:
737:
724:Premiere cast,
722:
717:
705:
702:
698:opera festival
681:Roberto Alagna
677:Violeta Urmana
659:Carlo Bergonzi
655:Renata Tebaldi
630:Richard Tucker
605:
602:
601:
600:
585:
575:Georg Sieglitz
567:Adolf Robinson
559:Victor Herbert
548:
533:Palais Garnier
530:
519:
510:Munich: 1877,
508:
505:
486:
471:
464:
461:Amalie Materna
453:
446:Albert Niemann
434:
415:
383:
380:
376:Giulia Novelli
334:Maria Waldmann
322:Angelo Mariani
240:
237:
235:
232:
179:
176:
130:to an Italian
128:Giuseppe Verdi
122:) is a tragic
98:
97:
88:
78:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
39:Giuseppe Verdi
31:
30:
15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
3982:
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3642:
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3609:Risorgimento!
3605:
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3580:
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3540:Verdi, Nevada
3537:
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3533:Verdi, Kansas
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2951:I due Foscari
2947:
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2800:
2799:Naxos Records
2796:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2749:0-8443-0088-8
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:Werfel, Franz
2731:
2729:
2728:0-19-869164-5
2725:
2721:
2717:
2716:Warrack, John
2714:
2710:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:0-226-87132-0
2682:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2666:Toye, Francis
2664:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2645:0-931340-82-9
2642:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2614:1-56159-228-5
2611:
2610:0-333-73432-7
2607:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2596:Stanley Sadie
2593:
2589:
2588:Parker, Roger
2586:
2584:
2583:0-306-80072-1
2580:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:0-396-08196-7
2544:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2510:0-226-30482-5
2507:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2481:0-226-14370-8
2478:
2474:
2473:0-226-14369-4
2470:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2397:9780375404054
2393:
2389:
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2377:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2336:Stanley Sadie
2332:
2328:
2326:0-19-313204-4
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2285:0-14-029312-4
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2262:0-86806-127-1
2258:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2243:0-385-14278-1
2239:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2222:1-57467-069-7
2218:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:(hardcover);
2193:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2170:
2168:0-304-30740-8
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2130:
2120:
2113:
2112:Weisgall 1999
2108:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2072:The music of
2068:
2061:
2055:
2044:
2038:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1854:
1848:, p. 36.
1847:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1782:on 2012-02-27
1778:
1771:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1746:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1722:
1717:
1709:
1703:
1700:. McFarland.
1699:
1692:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1654:on 2020-03-22
1653:
1649:
1647:
1639:
1632:
1626:
1619:
1613:
1607:, p. 55.
1606:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1581:
1579:0-7432-6213-1
1575:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1556:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1493:
1490:. Met Opera.
1489:
1482:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1462:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1362:
1361:Nicola Zerola
1346:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1302:
1294:
1281:
1272:
1268:
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1260:
1256:
1255:
1245:
1244:Marie Rappold
1229:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1187:
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1167:
1151:
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1062:
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1056:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1025:
1023:
1022:King of Egypt
1019:
1015:
1006:
1004:
995:
986:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
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953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:bass clarinet
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
895:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
878:
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:
860:
858:Paolo Medini
857:
854:
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848:
847:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
829:
828:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
810:
809:
806:
803:
800:
798:
797:mezzo-soprano
795:
793:
789:
788:
784:
781:
779:
776:
773:
772:
769:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
752:
751:
748:
747:Franco Faccio
738:
736:
732:
723:
721:
718:
715:
714:
701:
699:
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691:
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670:
666:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
619:
615:
614:Israeli Opera
610:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
576:
572:
569:as Amonasro,
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:
546:
545:Victor Maurel
542:
538:
534:
531:
528:
524:
520:
517:
513:
509:
506:
503:
499:
495:
494:Adelina Patti
491:
487:
484:
480:
476:
472:
469:
465:
462:
458:
454:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
432:
431:Victor Maurel
428:
424:
420:
416:
413:
409:
405:
404:
403:
401:
393:
388:
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229:
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220:
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206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:Isma'il Pasha
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
138:. Set in the
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
112:
111:
106:
105:
92:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
3950:Grand operas
3894:
3866:
3858:
3842:Celeste Aida
3821:
3813:
3805:
3790:
3789:
3738:
3717:
3689:
3679:
3669:
3659:
3649:
3639:
3629:
3612:(2011 opera)
3607:
3597:
3587:
3577:
3567:
3557:
3441:Recognitions
3427:
3396:
3386:
3367:
3358:
3350:Il trovatore
3349:
3340:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3295:
3286:
3265:Va, pensiero
3220:Celeste Aida
3202:Anvil Chorus
3179:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3139:
3129:
3119:
3109:
3099:
3089:
3079:
3071:Il trovatore
3069:
3059:
3049:
3041:Luisa Miller
3039:
3029:
3019:
3009:
3001:I masnadieri
2999:
2989:
2979:
2969:
2959:
2949:
2939:
2929:
2919:
2909:
2899:
2825:
2761:
2740:
2737:Stefan, Paul
2719:
2698:
2694:
2676:
2669:
2658:
2650:
2636:
2619:
2599:
2591:
2574:
2562:
2538:
2522:
2516:
2501:
2491:
2487:
2475:(hardback),
2464:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2410:
2387:
2384:Harvey Sachs
2371:
2351:
2339:
2316:
2294:
2275:
2252:
2232:
2210:
2203:(paperback).
2179:
2158:
2134:
2129:
2119:
2107:
2099:the original
2073:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2047:(in Italian)
2036:
2029:
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
1995:
1979:
1969:
1960:
1950:
1940:
1930:
1927:at La Scala"
1924:
1914:
1891:
1881:
1872:
1859:
1853:
1846:Tarozzi 1977
1841:
1825:
1820:, col. 1019.
1813:
1795:
1784:. Retrieved
1777:the original
1764:
1752:
1745:Kimbell 2001
1740:
1728:
1716:
1697:
1691:
1684:(in Italian)
1656:. Retrieved
1652:the original
1645:
1638:
1625:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1563:
1555:
1550:, p. 9.
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1488:metopera.org
1487:
1475:
1460:
1447:
1441:
1422:Ebe Stignani
1410:Sophia Loren
1406:Lois Maxwell
1391:
1385:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1131:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1075:
1059:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1013:
1012:
1000:
920:English horn
905:
893:
866:A messenger
850:
831:
812:
791:
768:Teresa Stolz
754:
694:Verona Arena
689:
671:designed by
668:
663:
661:as Radamès.
657:as Aida and
647:Maria Callas
628:as Aida and
623:
584:as the King.
571:Emil Fischer
565:as Amneris,
541:Rosine Bloch
429:as Radamès,
425:as Amneris,
408:Teatro Colón
399:
397:
374:as Aida and
339:
338:
318:Teresa Stolz
315:
310:
278:
277:
262:
249:Teresa Stolz
227:
217:
207:
199:Egyptologist
181:
159:
109:
108:
103:
102:
101:
3955:1871 operas
3897:discography
3727:Villa Verdi
3650:La Traviata
3602:(1985 play)
3582:(1953 film)
3572:(1938 film)
3512:Verdi Range
3505:Verdi Inlet
3432:(1889–1897)
3359:La traviata
3094:(June 1855)
3081:La traviata
2828:discography
2782:Opera Guide
2691:Wells, John
2555: [
2552:Melitz, Leo
2483:(paperback)
2022:Budden 1984
1759:, p. .
1723:, p. .
1533:Greene 1985
1463:discography
1432:written by
1418:lip-synched
1382:Adaptations
1259:country!).
1037:are visible
1003:Old Kingdom
978:; on-stage
851:High Priest
745:Conductor:
626:Herva Nelli
578: [
555:Anton Seidl
504:as Amonasro
452:as Amonasro
392:Paris Opera
197:, a French
3934:Categories
3863:(musical)
3720:(Finnissy)
3599:After Aida
3519:3975 Verdi
3296:Don Carlos
3154:(1867/84)
3151:Don Carlos
3144:(1862/69)
3021:Il corsaro
2994:(1847/65)
2079:Utah Opera
1830:Wolff 1962
1786:2009-09-28
1757:Irvin 1985
1721:Busch 1978
1658:2009-02-25
1618:Busch 1978
1605:Frank 2002
1468:References
1454:Recordings
1434:Elton John
1178:media help
910:(3rd also
830:Amonasro,
720:Voice type
638:kinescopes
518:as Amneris
470:, Budapest
463:as Amneris
450:Franz Betz
313:première.
191:Suez Canal
83:1871-12-24
57:Librettist
3341:Rigoletto
3114:(1857/81)
3061:Rigoletto
3051:Stiffelio
3011:Jérusalem
2693:(2009). "
2590:(1998). "
2441:460748195
2390:. Knopf.
2060:Termuthis
2007:27 August
1984:Operabase
1900:807743126
1644:"Verdi's
1501:1 January
1386:The 1952
1018:Ethiopian
1014:Backstory
960:bass drum
944:trombones
924:clarinets
811:Radamès,
790:Amneris,
731:Conductor
539:as Aida,
496:as Aida,
444:as Aida,
352:La Fenice
265:potpourri
219:Rigoletto
3745:Category
3465:Florence
3457:Brindisi
3305:Falstaff
3181:Falstaff
2824:Further
2791:Archived
2739:(1973).
2668:(1931).
2635:(1995).
2573:(1969).
2527:, (ed.)
2500:(2006).
2382:(2002).
2315:(1993).
2157:(1984).
1945:BBC News
1908:65964014
1803:Archived
1646:Falstaff
1492:Archived
1438:Tim Rice
1390:musical
1388:Broadway
1242:Sung by
1055:unwonted
1042:power).
1009:Synopsis
956:triangle
948:cimbasso
940:trumpets
932:bassoons
883:soprano
849:Ramfis,
837:baritone
665:La Scala
527:Selma Ek
402:follow:
394:premiere
303:La Scala
271:and the
253:La Scala
132:libretto
115:Italian:
93:in Cairo
75:Premiere
67:Language
3887:Related
3670:Macbeth
3469:Trieste
3461:Busseto
3417:(1874)
3323:Macbeth
3174:(1887)
3164:(1871)
3134:(1859)
3084:(1853)
3074:(1853)
3064:(1851)
2991:Macbeth
2921:Nabucco
2598:(ed.),
2437:7068320
2386:(ed.).
2338:(ed.).
2274:(ed.).
2148:Sources
2138:at the
1363:in 1909
1116:Moorish
1035:Memphis
989:Setting
976:strings
968:tam-tam
964:cymbals
952:timpani
912:piccolo
760:soprano
620:in 2011
514:, with
459:, with
440:, with
330:Amneris
187:Khedive
158:alone,
81: (
70:Italian
3960:Operas
3910:Portal
3826:(2001)
3818:(1987)
3810:(1953)
3693:(2005)
3683:(1987)
3673:(1987)
3663:(1986)
3660:Otello
3653:(1983)
3643:(1953)
3633:(1906)
3630:Otello
3562:(1886)
3409:(1873)
3401:(1862)
3391:(1848)
3332:Otello
3184:(1893)
3171:Otello
3124:(1857)
3121:Aroldo
3054:(1850)
3044:(1849)
3034:(1849)
3024:(1848)
3014:(1847)
3004:(1847)
2984:(1846)
2981:Attila
2974:(1845)
2971:Alzira
2964:(1845)
2954:(1844)
2944:(1844)
2941:Ernani
2934:(1843)
2924:(1842)
2914:(1840)
2904:(1839)
2892:Operas
2747:
2726:
2705:
2683:
2643:
2626:
2608:
2594:", in
2581:
2545:
2508:
2479:
2471:
2449:
2435:
2418:2 July
2394:
2359:
2323:
2301:
2282:
2259:
2240:
2219:
2199:
2188:
2165:
2041:
1906:
1898:
1704:
1576:
1246:, 1916
1078:Thebes
1057:joy).
908:flutes
869:tenor
753:Aida,
618:Masada
3924:Opera
3852:Stage
3834:Music
3799:Films
2559:]
1780:(PDF)
1773:(PDF)
1495:(PDF)
1484:(PDF)
1275:Act 4
1210:Act 3
1196:march
1104:Act 2
1028:Act 1
980:banda
936:horns
916:oboes
914:), 2
855:bass
818:tenor
728:Cairo
716:Role
704:Roles
653:with
582:]
307:Milan
287:Opéra
144:Cairo
124:opera
35:Opera
3895:Aida
3860:Aida
3815:Aida
3807:Aida
3791:Aida
3680:Aida
3640:Aida
3287:Aida
3161:Aida
2826:Aida
2762:Aida
2745:ISBN
2735:and
2724:ISBN
2703:ISBN
2695:Aida
2681:ISBN
2641:ISBN
2624:ISBN
2606:ISBN
2592:Aida
2579:ISBN
2543:ISBN
2517:Aida
2506:ISBN
2488:Aida
2477:ISBN
2469:ISBN
2447:ISBN
2433:OCLC
2420:2011
2392:ISBN
2357:ISBN
2321:ISBN
2299:ISBN
2280:ISBN
2257:ISBN
2238:ISBN
2217:ISBN
2197:ISBN
2186:ISBN
2163:ISBN
2074:Aida
2037:Aida
2009:2018
1951:Aida
1925:Aida
1904:OCLC
1896:OCLC
1860:Aida
1702:ISBN
1574:ISBN
1503:2021
1461:Aida
1436:and
1098:Ptah
1082:Isis
984:harp
972:harp
942:, 3
938:, 2
934:, 4
930:, 2
922:, 2
778:bass
690:Aida
669:Aida
400:Aida
340:Aida
311:real
297:and
279:Aida
228:Aida
160:Aida
110:Aïda
107:(or
104:Aida
29:Aida
3788:'s
2776:BYU
2697:".
2521:in
642:RCA
634:NBC
146:'s
134:by
37:by
3936::
3467:-
3463:-
3459:-
2811:,
2797:,
2612:,
2557:de
2439:,
2409:.
2086:^
2077:,
1986:.
1968:.
1929:.
1902:;
1880:.
1667:^
1572:.
1570:54
1540:^
1523:^
1486:.
974:,
970:,
966:,
962:,
958:,
954:,
950:,
946:,
926:,
918:,
906:3
733::
700:.
580:de
477:,
332:,
305:,
226:,
185:,
174:.
113:,
3912::
3877:"
3873:"
3844:"
3840:"
3778:e
3771:t
3764:v
3471:)
3267:"
3263:"
3258:"
3254:"
3249:"
3245:"
3240:"
3236:"
3231:"
3227:"
3222:"
3218:"
3213:"
3209:"
3204:"
3200:"
2868:e
2861:t
2854:v
2711:.
2519:"
2515:"
2453:.
2443:.
2422:.
2400:.
2365:.
2329:.
2307:.
2288:.
2265:.
2246:.
2225:.
2171:.
2114:.
2049:.
2039:,
2035:"
2011:.
1953:"
1862:"
1789:.
1710:.
1686:.
1661:.
1505:.
1446:(
1180:.
414:.
259:)
85:)
23:.
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